Constituent Materials
组成材料
Aggregates:
骨料：
◦ form up to 80% of the volume of concrete
◦形成高达 80% 的混凝土体积
应包括clean, hard, durable
清洁、坚硬、耐用particles strong enough to withstand the loads to be imposed upon concrete
颗粒强度足以承受施加在混凝土上的负载
◦ properties can significantly affect the performance of the concrete in both plastic and hardened states
◦特性会显著影响混凝土在塑性和硬化状态下的性能
◦ AS 1141.1-2015 sets out methods for sampling and testing aggregates
◦AS 1141.1-2015 规定了对骨料进行取样和测试的方法
Aggregates are particles of random shape, and in nature as:
聚集体是形状随机的粒子，本质上是：
◦ Sand
◦沙
◦ Gravel
◦砾石
碎石
Aggregates are all derived from ROCK by the forces of natureor, in the case of crushed rock, by a manufacturing process.
骨料都是通过自然力量从 ROCK 中提取的，或者在碎石的情况下，通过制造过程提取的。
Types and Uses of Aggregates
聚合的类型和用途
The two main classes are normal and light weight defined in AS 2758.0-2009/Amdt 1 - 2016:
AS 2758.0-2009/Amdt 1 - 2016 中定义的两个主要类别是正常和轻量级：
正常重量骨料(bulk density > 2100kg/m
（堆积密度 > 2100kg/m3) in crushed or uncrushed states such as: natural sands or gravels, or crushed rocks or manufactured iron blast furnace slag
） 处于破碎或未破碎状态，例如：天然沙子或砾石，或碎石或人造铁高炉矿渣
◦ Commonly used crushed rocks include basalts, diorites, dolerites, granites, quartzites and the harder varieties of limestone
◦常用的碎石包括玄武岩、闪长岩、玄武岩、花岗岩、准晶石和较硬的石灰石
◦ Lightweight aggregates (bulk density < 2100kg/m3) include materials such as scoria (volcanic porous rock), and manufactured foamed iron blast furnace slag and expanded clays and shales
◦轻质骨料（堆积密度 < 2100kg/m3）包括火山渣（火山多孔岩）等材料，以及人造泡沫铁高炉矿渣和膨胀粘土和页岩
basalts diorites dolerites
玄武岩 闪长岩 d 油酸岩
granites
花岗岩
quartzites limestone
石英岩 石灰岩
Downloaded images from www.google.com.
从 www.google.com 下载的图像。
下载的图片 from www.google.com.
从 www.google.com。
Other Less Common Aggregates
其他不太常见的聚合体
重量级骨料such as iron ore, barytes, magnetite and steel
如铁矿石、重晶石、磁铁矿和钢punchings
冲孔 are sometimes used principally to produce concrete for shielding against nuclear radiation and heavy mass concrete
有时主要用于生产屏蔽核辐射的混凝土和重型混凝土
Concrete with densities as low as400 kg/m3can be produced using vermiculite and perlite but have low compressive strengths and not suited for structural purposes
密度低至 400 kg/m3 的混凝土可以使用蛭石和珍珠石生产，但抗压强度低，不适合结构用途
Take note of some unsatisfactory materials sometimes used as aggregates
请注意一些有时用作骨料的不满意材料: slates, shale and soft sandstones
： 板岩、页岩和软砂岩
磁铁矿重晶石
Sources of Aggregates
骨料来源
Crushed Rocks can be produced in any desired size and grading by crushing and screening equipment. They include:
碎石可以通过破碎和筛分设备生产成任何所需的尺寸和级配。他们包括：
◦ Igneous rocks - from molten material at or below earth surface
◦火成岩 - 来自地球表面或以下的熔融材料
玄武岩、闪长岩和花岗岩
◦ Sedimentary rocks - formed at earth surface by erosion & weathering
◦沉积岩 - 由侵蚀和风化在地球表面形成
resulting in accumulation and consolidation
导致积累和整合
limestone, sandstone, shales and chert
石灰岩、砂岩、页岩和燧石
◦ Metamorphic rocks - formed from pre-existing rocks
◦变质岩 - 由预先存在的岩石形成
due to heat & pressu
由于热量和压力re from earth’s crust
来自地壳的 RE
marble, quartzite and slate
大理石、石英岩和板岩
曾一度被熔融（岩浆或熔融岩石）并冷却成现在的形式。
质地从粗粒到光滑度不等，具体取决于冷却的速度。
include granite, basalt, gabbro, syenite, volcanic glass, etc.
包括花岗岩、玄武岩、辉长岩、正长岩、火山玻璃等。
当颗粒被水、风或冰磨损，然后沉积时，它们会形成sediments.
沉积 物。With time, the sediments harden by compaction and cementation
随着时间的推移，沉积物会因压实和胶结而变硬 to form rock. Most deposited at the bottom of lakes and seas.
形成岩石。大多数沉积在湖泊和海洋的底部。
Show stratification and break more easily along the lines of stratification.
显示分层并更容易沿着分层线中断。
包括砾岩、砂岩、粘土岩、石灰岩、燧石等。
由先前存在的岩石（火成岩和/或沉积岩）因暴露于高温和压力而改变而形成，同时保持固体形式
Generally hard and strong, but its platy shape is undesirable
通常坚硬而坚固，但其板状形状不理想
通常包括大理石、片岩、片麻岩等。
Schist
片岩 Marble
大理石