Epidemiological observations and laboratory studies have shown that green tea has a variety of health effects, including antitumor, antioxidative, and hypolipidemic activities. The aim of this study was to examine whether it had an effect on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in Sprague-Dawley rats. In experiment 1 (in vivo study), rats were divided into two groups: a control group fed standard chow and deionized distilled water and a “green tea” group fed the same chow diet but with green tea instead of water ( 0.5 g of lyophilized green tea powder dissolved in 100 mL of deionized distilled water). After 12 weeks of green tea supplementation, the green tea group had lower fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and free fatly acid than the control rats. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake of. and insulin binding to, adipocytes were significantly increased in the green tea group. In experiment 2 (in vitro study), a tea polyphenol extract was used to determine its effect on insulin activity in vitro. Green tea polyphenols ( 0.075%0.075 \% ) significantly increased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake of adipocytes. Results demonstrated that green tea increases insulin sensitivity in Sprague-Dawley rats and that green tea polyphenol is one of the active components. (Cited from Wu and others 2004, J, Agric. Food Chem, 52: 643.) 流行病學觀察和實驗室研究表明，綠茶具有多種健康作用，包括抗腫瘤、抗氧化和降血脂活性。本研究的目的是檢查它是否對 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠的葡萄糖耐量和胰島素敏感性有影響。在實驗 1（體內研究）中，大鼠被分為兩組：對照組餵食標準食物和去離子蒸餾水，“綠茶”組餵食相同的食物，但用綠茶代替水（0.5 克凍干綠茶粉溶於 100 mL 去離子蒸餾水中）。補充綠茶 12 周后，綠茶組空腹血漿葡萄糖、胰島素、甘油三酯和遊離脂肪酸水平低於對照組大鼠。胰島素刺激的葡萄糖攝取。和胰島素與脂肪細胞的結合在綠茶組中顯著增加。在實驗 2（體外研究）中，使用茶多酚提取物來確定其對體外胰島素活性的影響。綠茶多酚 （ 0.075%0.075 \% ） 顯著增加脂肪細胞的基礎和胰島素刺激的葡萄糖攝取。結果表明，綠茶會增加Sprague-Dawley大鼠的胰島素敏感性，而綠茶多酚是活性成分之一。（引自 Wu 等人 2004， J， Agric. Food Chem， 52： 643。
What is the health effect of green tea? (1) lowerr uric acid content, (2) promote calcium absorption, (3) antioxidation, (4) benefit eye sight. 綠茶對健康有什麼影響？（1） 降低尿酸含量，（2） 促進鈣吸收，（3） 抗氧化，（4） 有益視力。
The in vitro experiment of this study used (1) green tea powder, (2) tea polyphenoJ, (3) green tea water extract, (4) green tea leaves as sample. 本研究的體外實驗使用 （1） 綠茶粉，（2） 茶多酚 J，（3） 綠茶水提取物，（4） 綠茶葉作為樣品。
The in vivo experiment of this study used (1) hamster, (2) rabbit, (3) mouse, (4) rats as test animals. 本研究的體內實驗以 （1） 倉鼠、（2） 兔、（3） 小鼠、（4） 大鼠為試驗動物。
According to the results of this study, the active component in green tea is (1) carotenoid, (2) lycopene, (3) polyphenol, (4) vitamin C. 根據這項研究的結果，綠茶中的活性成分是 （1） 類胡蘿蔔素，（2） 番茄紅素，（3） 多酚，（4） 維生素 C。
The purpose of this study is to find out whether green tea is capable of (1)(1) lowering blood cholesterol, (2) lowering blood pressure, (3) lowering blood sugar, (4) antioxidation. 本研究的目的是瞭解綠茶是否能夠降低血液中的膽固醇，（2） 降低血壓，（3） 降低血糖，（4） 抗氧化。
In the in vivo study, the difference between the control group and the green tea group is (1) diet, (2) light exposure, (3) temperature, (4) drink. 在體內研究中，對照組和綠茶組的區別在於 （1） 飲食，（2） 光照，（3） 溫度，（4） 飲料。
The green tea group showed increased level of (1) glucose uptake of adipocytes, (2) fasting plasma glucose, (3) fasting plasma lipid, (4) plasma insulin. 綠茶組顯示 （1） 脂肪細胞的葡萄糖攝取，（2） 空腹血糖，（3） 空腹血脂，（4） 血漿胰島素水準升高。
The green tea group had lower level of (1) insulin binding to adipocytes, (2) fasting plasma free fatty acid, (3) glucose uptake of adipocytes, (4) fecal cholesterol. 綠茶組的 （1） 胰島素與脂肪細胞結合，（2） 空腹血漿游離脂肪酸，（3） 脂肪細胞的葡萄糖攝取，（4） 糞便膽固醇水準較低。
The in vitro study showed that green tea polyphenol could (1) increase glucose uptake of adipocytes, (2) decrease basal glucose uptake, (3) enhance insulin sensitivity, (4) reduce oxdative stress. 體外研究表明，綠茶多酚可以 （1） 增加脂肪細胞的葡萄糖攝取，（2） 減少基礎葡萄糖攝取，（3） 增強胰島素敏感性，（4） 減少氧化應激。
The conclusion of this study is (1) green tea is antioxidative, (2) green tea is anticarcinogenic, (3) green tea can increase insulin sensitivity, (4) green tea is antiatherogenic. 本研究的結論是 （1） 綠茶具有抗氧化作用，（2） 綠茶具有抗癌作用，（3） 綠茶可以增加胰島素敏感性，（4） 綠茶具有抗動脈粥樣硬化作用。
Beware of the Bad Egg! 當心壞蛋！
Salmonella species are found in many animal reservoirs, especially poultry. Recent investigations of Salmonella in the poultiy industry were not reassuring, and consumers can assume that poultry products will be heavily contaminated. What steps can you take to maneuver defensively in the sea of Salmonella? 沙門氏菌種類存在於許多動物宿主中，尤其是家禽。最近對家禽行業沙門氏菌的調查並不令人放心，消費者可以假設家禽產品將受到嚴重污染。您可以採取哪些步驟在沙門氏菌海中進行防禦機動？
First, assume that the shells of all eggs are contaminated, and wash your hands after handling them. (But do not wash the eggs - washing removes a protective surface coating that helps prevent microbes from entering the eggs.) Salmonella are part of the intestinal microflora of poultry, and eggs surely come in contact with feces, feathers, and contaminated surfaces. Cracked eggs cannot be sold for human consumption, but in some areas they can be sold as pet food. When organisms enter an egg, they find a superb, nutrient-rich culture medium in which they can rapidly multiply. 首先，假設所有雞蛋的殼都被污染了，處理后要洗手。（但不要清洗雞蛋 - 清洗會去除有助於防止微生物進入雞蛋的保護性表面塗層。沙門氏菌是家禽腸道菌群的一部分，雞蛋肯定會與糞便、羽毛和受污染的表面接觸。裂紋蛋不能出售供人類食用，但在某些地區可以作為寵物食品出售。當生物體進入雞蛋時，它們會找到一種極好的、營養豐富的培養基，它們可以在其中快速繁殖。
Does it make a difference whether you refrigerate eggs with the big end or the little end up? Big end up is the recommendation of food scientists. Why? The object is to keep the egg yolk and any embryo residing on it as close to the center of the egg as possible. This maximizes the distance an invading microbe would have to swim from the shell to the yolk. The egg white is filled with chemical hazards for the bacteria. Lysozymes attack the bacterial cell walls, killing many bacteria by rupturing their walls. Nutrients, vitamins, and metal ions of iron, copper, and zinc are wrapped tightly by proteins and other substances in the egg white and so are unavailable to the bacteria. Deprived of nutrients and chewed up by lysozymes, bacteria do not survive the swim; the embryo remains safe. 冷藏大端還是小端朝上的雞蛋有區別嗎？大結局是食品科學家的建議。為什麼？目的是使蛋黃和駐留在蛋上的任何胚胎盡可能靠近雞蛋的中心。這最大限度地增加了入侵微生物從蛋殼游到蛋黃的距離。蛋清充滿了對細菌的化學危害。溶菌酶攻擊細菌細胞壁，通過破壞細胞壁來殺死許多細菌。營養物質、維生素和鐵、銅和鋅的金屬離子被蛋白質和其他物質緊緊包裹在蛋清中，因此細菌無法獲得。由於缺乏營養並被溶菌酶咀嚼，細菌無法在游泳中存活;胚胎保持安全。
But why big end up? The natural tendency of the lipid-rich yolk is to rise, just as oil floats to the top of water. Bird eggs have two ropy cords (Look for them next time you crack a raw egg) called chalaza, which act much like the ropes of a hammock to suspend the yolk from the shell lining. The larger chalaza is at the small end of the egg and cam hold the yolk down better, preventing it from rising too close to the edge of the protective egg white. 但為什麼大結局呢？富含脂質的蛋黃的自然趨勢是上升，就像油漂浮到水面上一樣。鳥蛋有兩條稱為 chalaza 的粗繩（下次打碎生雞蛋時要找它們），它們的作用很像吊床的繩索，將蛋黃懸掛在蛋殼襯裡上。較大的霰粒位於雞蛋的小端，凸輪更好地壓住蛋黃，防止它上升得太靠近保護性蛋清的邊緣。
Additionally, when baking, control your urge to lick raw batter if you’ve added any eggs to it. If the batter contains eggs, even powdered eggs in mixes, it might contain Salmonella. Pieces of shell dropped into batter, even when promptly retrieved, can inoculate it with organisms, Also, raw eggs can be contaminated internally if laid by an infected hen or if the eggs have undetected cracks or have been immersed in water. 此外，烘烤時，如果您添加了任何雞蛋，請控制舔生麵糊的衝動。如果麵糊中含有雞蛋，甚至是混合的蛋粉，則可能含有沙門氏菌。掉入麵糊中的殼塊，即使及時取回，也會使其接種生物體，此外，如果受感染的母雞產下或雞蛋有未被發現的裂縫或浸入水中，生雞蛋可能會受到內部污染。
Finally, handle raw poultry carefully. Poultry is naturally contaminated with fecal organism, and contamination is exacerbated by the industry’s practice of holding poultry in water baths during certain phases of the plucking and evisceration 最後，小心處理生禽。家禽自然受到糞便生物的污染，在拔毛和內臟的某些階段，該行業將家禽放在水浴中的做法加劇了污染
