MC6363 Group Project: Research - Assignment Sheet 2024 - Part 1 MC6363 小组项目：研究 - 作业单 2024 - 第 1 部分
Executive Summary: 执行摘要：
You all have spent a large amount of time hearing me talk about my research. Now, it is time to turn the tables and learn from each other - you will complete your own mini-research project in a group of 4-7 people. Unlike Andy’s research on automation, you will investigate something far more likely to be useful in your careers: artificial intelligence. To accomplish this, you will personally interview 2-3 people. Then, you will work with your group to discuss some of your findings. After discussion with your group members, you will together write an 8-12 page report summarizing your findings. 你们都花了很多时间听我讲述我的研究。现在，是时候反过来互相学习了--你们将以 4-7 人为一组，完成自己的小型研究项目。与安迪关于自动化的研究不同，你们将研究更有可能对你们的职业生涯有用的东西：人工智能。为此，你们将亲自采访 2-3 人。然后，你们将与小组成员一起讨论你们的一些发现。与小组成员讨论后，你们将共同撰写一份 8-12 页的报告，总结你们的发现。
Details: 详细信息：
Group Size: 2-6 小组人数：2-6
Due: November 1^("st "),11:591^{\text {st }}, 11: 59 PM 到期：11 月 1^("st "),11:591^{\text {st }}, 11: 59 下午
What to turn in: (1) interview guide; (2) 8-12 page (double spaced Times New Roman) report; (3) Interview transcripts (or English translations); (4) Content analysis spreadsheets. 上交内容(1) 访谈指南；(2) 8-12 页（双倍行距 Times New Roman）报告；(3) 访谈记录（或英文翻译）；(4) 内容分析电子表格。
Rationale: 理由
The Wee Kim Wee School is currently the top ranked Communication program in Asia. The primary way we get our ranking is because our research Professors are outstanding, we publish a lot and thus we are well known. This translates to great, cutting-edge classroom education, too. Wee Kim Wee 学院目前是亚洲排名第一的传媒专业。我们之所以能取得这样的排名，主要是因为我们的研究教授非常出色，我们发表了大量的论文，因此我们的知名度很高。这也转化为优秀、前沿的课堂教育。
However, in a graduate program, a conundrum arises: most of you have more industry experience than a research professor (like me). And, even though I worked for 8 years prior to earning my PhD , that was a LONG time ago. So, you can probably learn as much from each other as you can learn from me. 但是，在研究生课程中，会出现一个难题：你们中的大多数人都比研究教授（比如我）有更多的行业经验。而且，尽管我在获得博士学位之前工作了 8 年，但那已经是很久以前的事了。因此，你们从彼此身上学到的东西，可能和从我身上学到的东西一样多。
The goal of this assignment is so that we combine our expertise. I can provide some guidance on sound ways to conduct research. But, to do this, you will leverage your own experience and professional network to produce ideas that are ultra-relevant. By combining our expertise, you will walk away from this project with actionable business insights that can help you be an effective leader in the future. 这项任务的目的是让我们把专业知识结合起来。我可以就开展研究的合理方法提供一些指导。但是，要做到这一点，您需要利用自身的经验和专业网络，提出极具现实意义的想法。通过结合我们的专业知识，您将从这个项目中获得可操作的商业见解，帮助您在未来成为一名高效的领导者。
Topic: 主题：
Almost everyone has discussed the impact of artificial intelligence in the first few weeks of the class - this is impacting both our personal and professional lives. 在课堂的前几周，几乎每个人都讨论过人工智能的影响--它正在影响我们的个人和职业生活。
I think we can all agree that “hybrid” work with artificial intelligence aids will be common for the rest of our careers. Is this a good thing? What are the challenges for workers who now have AI coworkers, or those people who may have their jobs stolen by AI? What are the opportunities and challenges presented to workers? Investigating the answers to these questions will give you a huge leg-up in your careers. You will be a better worker, a better manager, and more prepared than other in your company to make difficult decisions about when to use AI, what can be done with AI, and when to upskill yourself to be safe from AI taking your job! 我想我们都同意，在我们的职业生涯中，使用人工智能辅助工具的 "混合 "工作将非常普遍。这是好事吗？现在有了人工智能同事的工人，或者那些可能被人工智能抢走工作的人，会面临哪些挑战？工人们将面临哪些机遇和挑战？研究这些问题的答案将为你的职业生涯带来巨大的优势。你将成为一名更好的工人、更好的管理者，比公司里的其他人更有准备做出艰难的决定，比如何时使用人工智能、人工智能能做什么、何时提升自己的技能以避免被人工智能抢走工作！
Procedure: 程序：
This first step is to meet with your group and develop an “interview guide.” This is something we use in academic research to make sure that we generally ask our interviewees the same questions. A long time ago, I worked in advertising account planning and we also had interview guides for our market research focus groups/interviews, etc. The difference was that in industry, my interview guides were 第一步是与小组成员开会，制定 "访谈指南"。这是我们在学术研究中使用的一种方法，以确保我们一般都会向受访者提出相同的问题。很久以前，我在广告客户策划部门工作，我们的市场调研焦点小组/访谈等也有访谈指南。不同的是，在行业内，我的访谈指南是
primarily driven by what the client wanted. In academic research your interview guide is determined by what you think the biggest questions are (or what you think is the most interesting)! 主要取决于客户的需求。在学术研究中，你的采访指南是由你认为最大的问题（或你认为最有趣的问题）决定的！
Develop the interview guide 制定采访指南
a. Generally, you will need to have a group meeting first, zoom or in-person is fine. a.一般来说，您需要先召开一次小组会议，变焦或面对面都可以。
i. In the meeting, share some of your experiences (or lack thereof) with AI. i.在会议上，分享您在人工智能方面的一些经验（或缺乏的经验）。
Describe what you think some of the strengths and weaknesses are. 描述您认为的一些优缺点。
ii. Now, discuss what you think the biggest questions are regarding AI? Think about yourself in 2 years - imagine you are a new leader in a company and you are asked to make a decision on implementing AI. What questions do you most want to know the answer to? ii.现在，请讨论您认为有关人工智能的最大问题是什么？想想两年后的自己--想象一下，你是一家公司的新领导，你被要求就实施人工智能做出决定。你最想知道哪些问题的答案？
b. Now, start a collaborative document where you can draft questions. b.现在，启动一个协作文档，在其中起草问题。
i. Many different ways to do this, do whatever is easiest for you. Note that you may have different languages in your group. i.e., if Andy was in a group with a Italian, I trust the Italian will be able to translate the questions if they interview fellow Italians. i.有许多不同的方法，请选择最简单的方法。请注意，您所在的小组可能有不同的语言。例如，如果安迪与一位意大利人同组，我相信意大利人在采访意大利同胞时能够翻译问题。
c. Eventually you will have a few “final candidates” for questions. Discuss and eventually pick 3 questions. You may pick more, but 3 is the minimum. c.最终你们会有几个 "最终候选 "问题。讨论并最终选出 3 个问题。你们可以挑选更多，但 3 个是最少的。
i. These are the questions that you all promise to ask your interviewees. This guarantees that no matter who is interviewed, you will at least have these 3 questions to discuss/compare at your next meeting(s). i.这是你们承诺要向受访者提出的问题。这保证了无论谁接受面试，在下次会议上都至少有这 3 个问题可以讨论/比较。
ii. Don’t get rid of the other questions! ii.不要放弃其他问题！
You can rank the remaining questions for importance. Keep these on your interview guide as “optional questions.” 您可以对其余问题的重要性进行排序。将这些问题作为 "可选问题 "保留在面试指南中。
Sometimes you do get a really bad interviewee who gives very short, yes/no answers. In this case you will need a ready list of extra questions to save the interview. 有时，你会遇到一个非常糟糕的面试者，他的回答非常简短，是或不是。在这种情况下，你需要准备一份额外的问题清单来挽救面试。
Conduct interviews 进行访谈
a. Have a session with your group (usually you can e-mail back and forth) to discuss your sampling. a.与小组成员举行一次会议（通常可以来回发送电子邮件），讨论您的抽样。
b. Now, interview your family, friends and/or colleagues. b.现在，采访您的家人、朋友和/或同事。
i. Interview 2 people minimum - up to 4 people if you want to put in the effort. Usually it is easiest to just call up your old work or school friends, but you can interview anyone you want, even if it is just your sibling on a routine call to say hi. i.至少与 2 个人面谈--如果您愿意，最多可以与 4 个人面谈。通常最简单的方法是打电话给你以前的同事或同学，但你可以采访任何你想采访的人，哪怕只是你的兄弟姐妹例行打电话问候一下。
ii. 15 minutes will probably be enough time, but feel free to talk as long as you want! ii.15 分钟可能就够了，但也可以畅所欲言！
iii. Highly suggest you use Zoom because it automatically transcribes the audio. Or use some other similar program (otter.ai is fantastic). Makes transcription 10x faster! iii.强烈建议您使用 Zoom，因为它会自动转录音频。或者使用其他类似程序（otter.ai 非常棒）。这样转录速度会快 10 倍！
MC6363 Group Project: Research - Assignment Sheet - Part 2 MC6363 小组项目：研究 - 作业单 - 第二部分
This assignment sheet walks you through want to do after completing your interviews: 本任务单将指导您完成访谈后要做的事情：
Welcome to part 2 of the guide. You are reading this because you have completed your interviews or are currently conducting them. If you are reading this earlier, then good for you looking ahead! In this “part 2 ,” we learn a scholarly method for analyzing our interviews. To complete this step you will need: (1) Transcripts of your interviews and (2) a spreadsheet. 欢迎阅读本指南的第二部分。您正在阅读这篇文章，是因为您已经完成了面试或正在进行面试。如果你是提前读到这篇文章，那么很高兴你能提前阅读！在 "第 2 部分 "中，我们将学习一种分析访谈的学术方法。要完成这一步，你需要(1) 访谈记录和 (2) 电子表格。
3. Highlight important parts of your interview and “trim” your transcript. 3.突出访谈的重要部分，"修剪 "您的记录稿。
a. If you talked to your friends or family, it is unlikely that the whole conversation related to your topic (AI). You should cut these irrelevant sections out of your transcript. Also, make the transcript easy to read, it doesn’t have to be 100%100 \% accurate, you can omit silences or laughing, etc. a.如果您与朋友或家人交谈，那么整个谈话不太可能与您的主题有关（人工智能）。您应该将这些无关的部分从记录中删去。此外，要让记录稿易于阅读，不一定要 100%100 \% 准确，可以省略沉默或笑声等。
b. It would also be VERY wise to eliminate identifying information (like their name or really specific personal info). b.消除身份识别信息（如姓名或非常具体的个人信息）也是非常明智的做法。
i. What you want is a document that you can send to the rest of your group and they will be able to read the relevant parts of the conversation. i.您需要的是一份可以发送给小组其他成员的文件，他们可以阅读对话的相关部分。
ii. Note you may have to translate key parts of the transcript. This can be a lot of work so just do the most important parts. ii.请注意，您可能需要翻译成绩单的关键部分。这可能是一项繁重的工作，因此只需翻译最重要的部分。
4. Begin “condensing” your findings 4.开始 "浓缩 "您的发现
a. In the content section of the website, look for the “hands on guide to content analysis” document. Andy highlighted the most important sections. a.在网站的内容部分，查找 "内容分析实践指南 "文件。安迪强调了最重要的部分。
b. This is a fantastic resource to keep for the rest of your life, this will help you do awesome market research, organizational culture analysis, or anything else where you have to analyze qualitative data. b.这是一本值得终生珍藏的绝佳资料，它将帮助你完成出色的市场调研、组织文化分析或其他任何需要分析定性数据的工作。
i. Really, I wish I had known this framework for content analysis back in my working days. This is also a super quick method that you can supply to your direct reports. Keep the PDF! i.真的，真希望我在工作的时候就知道这个内容分析框架。这也是一个超级快速的方法，你可以提供给你的直接下属。保留 PDF！
c. It would be brutal for me to ask you to go through all 5 steps of meaning unit >> condensed meaning unit >> code >> category >> theme. Instead, we will only do three: meaning unit >> code >> theme. c.如果让我把意义单元 >> 浓缩意义单元 >> 代码 >> 类别 >> 主题的全部 5 个步骤都告诉你，那就太残忍了。相反，我们只做三步：意义单元 >> 代码 >> 主题。
i. Note that just by transcribing your interviews you already have the meaning units done, yay! i.请注意，只需转录访谈内容，您就已经完成了意义单元，耶！
ii. Stop once you have some codes (10-20 codes is good to have). ii.一旦有了一些代码（10-20 个代码为佳）就停止。
5. Develop themes with your group 5.与小组一起制定主题
a. Once you have some codes, it is time to meet with your group again to compare your codes and develop themes. a.有了一些代码后，就该再次与小组成员开会，比较你们的代码并制定主题。
b. Step 1 is to trade one of your transcripts and coding with a teammate. They will look at how you have coded the interview and note where they agree and disagree with your codes. b.第 1 步是与队友交换一份您的记录誊本和编码。他们将查看您是如何对访谈进行编码的，并记下他们同意或不同意您编码的地方。
i. This is why it is easiest to code using a spreadsheet, because your teammate can just make notes in another column of your sheet. i.这就是为什么使用电子表格编码最简单的原因，因为您的队友可以在您工作表的另一栏中做记录。
ii. As long as you have 80%+80 \%+ agreement, you can proceed. ii.只要 80%+80 \%+ 同意，就可以继续。
If you don’t reach 80%80 \%, have a short discussion and change codes as needed to reach 80%+80 \%+ 如果没有达到 80%80 \% ，请进行简短讨论，并根据需要更改代码，以达到 80%+80 \%+
FYI in academic research 80%80 \% is usually the minimum standard. We call this “inter-rater reliability.” 在学术研究中， 80%80 \% 通常是最低标准。我们称之为 "评分者之间的可靠性"。
c. Once you have reached acceptable inter-rater reliability, then it is time to discuss with the group what is the “deeper meaning” of the codes you have found. c.一旦达到可接受的互评可靠性，就可以与小组讨论所找到的代码的 "深层含义 "了。
d. This is where you think creatively. You have to be part lawyer and part poet. Note how the reading discusses using intuition. This is important. d.这是你发挥创造性思维的地方。你必须既是律师又是诗人。注意阅读中是如何讨论运用直觉的。这一点很重要。
Writing the Report: 撰写报告：
Now your group is prepared to start writing a report. There are many ways to do this but a typical way to do it (that also makes it easy) is to divide your report into sections based on themes. Then, choose a group member to write about each theme. If you do this, it is very important that you all share your transcripts with one another - this will allow the theme-writer to have access to more data and more quotes. If you are really struggling, here is a format that often works well: 现在，你们小组已经准备好开始撰写报告了。方法有很多，但一个典型的方法（也很简单）是根据主题将报告分成几个部分。然后，选择一名小组成员来撰写每个主题。如果你们这样做，非常重要的一点是，你们要互相分享记录稿--这将使主题撰写人获得更多数据和引文。如果你真的很为难，这里有一种通常效果很好的格式：
Introduction 导言
a. 1-2 paragraphs introducing the issue a.1-2 段介绍问题
Method 方法
a. Summary of the questions you asked and what was your motivation for asking a.你所提问题的摘要以及你提出问题的动机是什么
b. Summary of the participants, you can just put it in a table if you wish. You will want to note age, gender, industry, years of experience and location (city is enough), and how much of their job they work with the assistance of AI tools (between 0-100%0-100 \% ). b.参与者摘要，如果你愿意，可以直接放在表格中。您需要记下年龄、性别、行业、工作年限和地点（城市即可），以及他们的工作中有多少是在人工智能工具的帮助下完成的（介于 0-100%0-100 \% 之间）。
Theme 1 主题 1
Theme 2 主题 2
Theme 3 主题 3
Theme 4dots4 \ldots 主题 4dots4 \ldots
Summary 摘要
a. Usually, one paragraph to summarize all the themes a.通常用一个段落概括所有主题
Implications 影响
a. Here you can talk about the lessons learned, how can organizations apply your insights? What does this say about the future of AI and human labor? Is it destined to be great or is it doomed to fail? a.在这里，您可以谈谈经验教训，组织如何应用您的见解？这对人工智能和人类劳动的未来有何启示？它是注定伟大还是注定失败？
Workload: 工作量：
You can divide up the sections however you wish. As a general note, I will understand that with a smaller group there might be less themes (because you had less data and manpower to write). So, in a three-person group I understand having 3 themes. However, in a 6 person group I would expect to see around 5 . 您可以按照自己的意愿划分各部分。一般来说，我可以理解，如果小组人数较少，主题可能会较少（因为你们的数据和写作人力都较少）。因此，在三人小组中，我可以理解有 3 个主题。但是，在 6 人小组中，我希望看到大约 5 个主题。
Turning it in: 上交：
To evaluate your work, your Prof and TA will need access to your workflow. This is similar to showing your work back when you used to take math classes. Best to supply your transcripts and your coding sheet(s). There is no set formatting for these materials, but usually it is straightforward. Just make sure that Prof can follow your work. 为了评估您的工作，您的教授和助教需要查看您的工作流程。这类似于你以前上数学课时展示你的作业。最好提供成绩单和编码表。这些材料没有固定格式，但通常很简单。只需确保 Prof 能跟上您的工作。
For the paper, just write it in 12 point times new roman font, double spaced. Make sure every group members name is on it. Feel free to zip everything together and just submit the zip folder for your group. Or, you can share a google docs/onedrive folder. If all else fails, email. 论文用 12 号 Times New Roman 字体，双倍行距。确保每个小组成员的名字都写在上面。请随意将所有内容压缩在一起，只需提交本组的压缩包即可。或者，您也可以共享一个 google docs/onedrive 文件夹。如果都失败了，请发送电子邮件。
MC6363 Group Project: Research - Assignment Sheet - Part 3 MC6363 小组项目：研究 - 作业单 - 第 3 部分
This document is just a collection of tips and tricks to make the project go smoothly. It is not required reading. 本文件收集了一些使项目顺利进行的技巧和窍门。并非必读内容。
Trick #1: Auto-transcribe! 诀窍 1：自动转录！
Zoom (and most other platforms) offer auto-transcription. You can use otter.ai, as well, or a number of alternatives. For English, it works really well. I am sure there is something similar for whatever language you interview in. This is the #1 thing you can do to save time. Zoom（以及大多数其他平台）提供自动转录功能。您也可以使用 otter.ai 或其他一些替代方法。对于英语，它的效果非常好。我相信，无论您使用哪种语言进行采访，都可以找到类似的工具。这是节省时间的第一要务。
With this being said, auto-translate is terrible. Spend some time translating your interviews well so that your other classmates can learn from your experiences. 尽管如此，自动翻译还是很糟糕。花点时间把你的采访翻译好，这样你的其他同学就能从你的经验中学到东西。
Trick #2: Spreadsheets 秘诀 2：电子表格
Once you have transcribed, it is easy to put your “meaning units” into a column in a spread sheet. Then you can have codes in the next column. 转录完成后，很容易将 "意义单位 "放入电子表格中的一栏。然后，您就可以在下一栏中输入代码。
This also makes it easy to eventually add themes and it is easy for your teammate to go through it and check for inter-rater reliability. 这也便于最终添加主题，并便于您的队友查看并检查评分者之间的可靠性。
Example spreadsheet: 电子表格示例：
Meaning Unit 意义单元
Code 代码
Code (by teammate) 代码（由队友提供）
Theme 主题
与人工智能一起工作很有趣，因为我感觉自己一直都在工作，尽管我并没有在工作中做任何事情。
Work with AI is
interesting because I
feel like I am at work
the whole time even
though I am not doing
everything at work.
Work with AI is
interesting because I
feel like I am at work
the whole time even
though I am not doing
everything at work.| Work with AI is |
| :--- |
| interesting because I |
| feel like I am at work |
| the whole time even |
| though I am not doing |
| everything at work. |
Work ambiguity 工作模棱两可
Work ambiguity 工作模棱两可
人工智能/人类与工作的融合让人感觉两者都没有在做。
Blending of AI/human
and work makes it feel
like neither is doing it.
Blending of AI/human
and work makes it feel
like neither is doing it.| Blending of AI/human |
| :--- |
| and work makes it feel |
| like neither is doing it. |
我觉得，如果只使用人工智能，初级员工就无法很好地学习公司文化。
I feel like junior
employees will not
learn the company
culture as well if they
just use AI.
I feel like junior
employees will not
learn the company
culture as well if they
just use AI.| I feel like junior |
| :--- |
| employees will not |
| learn the company |
| culture as well if they |
| just use AI. |
初级员工；企业文化
Junior employees;
company culture
Junior employees;
company culture| Junior employees; |
| :--- |
| company culture |
AI use determines
success or failure at
remote work.| AI use determines |
| :--- |
| success or failure at |
| remote work. |
我想念我的同事们。 有些时候在家里感觉很孤独，因为我只和人工智能一起工作、
I miss my colleagues.
Some days at home
feel lonely because I
just work with AI,
I miss my colleagues.
Some days at home
feel lonely because I
just work with AI,| I miss my colleagues. |
| :--- |
| Some days at home |
| feel lonely because I |
| just work with AI, |
Emotion; lonely; work
friends| Emotion; lonely; work |
| :--- |
| friends |
人工智能的工作环境更加孤独、寒冷。
Work with AI is a
lonelier, colder place.
Work with AI is a
lonelier, colder place.| Work with AI is a |
| :--- |
| lonelier, colder place. |
Meaning Unit Code Code (by teammate) Theme
"Work with AI is
interesting because I
feel like I am at work
the whole time even
though I am not doing
everything at work." Work ambiguity Work ambiguity "Blending of AI/human
and work makes it feel
like neither is doing it."
"I feel like junior
employees will not
learn the company
culture as well if they
just use AI." "Junior employees;
company culture" "Junior employees;
learning" "AI use determines
success or failure at
remote work."
"I miss my colleagues.
Some days at home
feel lonely because I
just work with AI," "Emotion; lonely;
colleagues" "Emotion; lonely; work
friends" "Work with AI is a
lonelier, colder place."| Meaning Unit | Code | Code (by teammate) | Theme |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Work with AI is <br> interesting because I <br> feel like I am at work <br> the whole time even <br> though I am not doing <br> everything at work. | Work ambiguity | Work ambiguity | Blending of AI/human <br> and work makes it feel <br> like neither is doing it. |
| I feel like junior <br> employees will not <br> learn the company <br> culture as well if they <br> just use AI. | Junior employees; <br> company culture | Junior employees; <br> learning | AI use determines <br> success or failure at <br> remote work. |
| I miss my colleagues. <br> Some days at home <br> feel lonely because I <br> just work with AI, | Emotion; lonely; <br> colleagues | Emotion; lonely; work <br> friends | Work with AI is a <br> lonelier, colder place. |
Trick #3: Thesaurus for themes 秘诀 3：主题词库
Writing themes is all about taking the boring text and making it engaging. In account planning, my boss used to just sit around some days with her feet up on the desk. I used to think she was lazy. But… she would then come up with these reports that were… BEAUTIFUL to read! She had an incredible ability to translate boring customer comments into compelling business insights. Doing this means you really need to just sit and think. Or, go for a walk. It can’t be done well at the last minute. Let it flow. 撰写主题就是要把枯燥的文字变得引人入胜。在客户策划方面，我的老板有些时候总是翘着脚坐在办公桌上。我以前觉得她很懒。但是......她写出来的报告......读起来很美！她有一种令人难以置信的能力，能将枯燥的客户评论转化为引人入胜的商业见解。这样做意味着你真的需要坐下来思考。或者，出去走走。在最后一分钟是做不好的。顺其自然。
Language is not a barrier. The BEST theme I ever saw was from a Korean student who was not a great English speaker. I asked him how he did it. He told me that he was inspired by Korean poetry. He tried to translate it word for work to English but it didn’t work, so he left may things sounding very awkward. But that awkwardness made for amazing, unique reading. 语言不是障碍。我见过的最棒的主题来自一位英语不太好的韩国学生。我问他是怎么做到的。他告诉我，他受到了韩国诗歌的启发。他试着逐字逐句地把它翻译成英语，但没有成功，所以他留下的东西可能听起来很别扭。不过，这种别扭的感觉却让他的朗读令人惊叹，别具一格。
Here is an example for all of the students who speak Mandarin. If you write 抛砖引玉, you might not think that translates well, but “casting a brick to attract jade” actually sounds really beautiful in English! So, the point is, don’t worry if you do not feel like a creative writer - you can do it, use language skills to your advantage! 这里有一个例子，供所有说普通话的学生参考。如果你写 "抛砖引玉"，你可能觉得不好翻译，但 "抛砖引玉 "在英语中听起来真的很美！所以，问题的关键在于，如果你觉得自己不是一个有创造力的作家，也不用担心--你可以做到，利用语言技巧发挥你的优势！
Trick #4: Include direct quotes in your theme sections 秘诀 4：在主题部分直接引用引语
Sometimes you can not make the point better than the interviewee said in the interview. Feel free to include many direct quotes in your themes. 有时，您无法比拟受访者在采访中所说的更好地表达观点。请随意在您的主题中引用许多直接引语。
When Andy writes papers, sometimes up to 1//41 / 4 of the themes section is just direct quotes. Download his paper written with Prof Duffy for an example: https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920969078 - Here is an example of an excerpt from Andy’s paper on pilots and automation, note all the quotes in italics: 安迪撰写论文时，有时多达 1//41 / 4 的主题部分都是直接引用。下载他与达菲教授合作撰写的论文，以了解其中的例子：https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920969078 - 以下是安迪关于飞行员和自动化的论文节选示例，请注意所有引文均为斜体：
Theme: Surrender to Machines 主题：向机器投降向机器投降
Another important theme functions in part as a counter-theme to humans needing to gain control back from the machines. Some pilots eschew the belligerent framing and instead suggest that the battle is already lost. One user asks early in the thread, “Have we passed the point in modern aviation where it is not possible to (quickly) switch off all these pilot and performance aids and fly manually?” Another user poses a question in a whimsical way as to suggest the answer is obvious, but unpleasant, “How does a crew really get back to an old-fashioned ‘hands on’ configuration of controls, instruments, and sensors (where all of the automation and fancy gadgets are completely isolated from involvement) these days?” Other users suggest that humans are no longer a solution to machines’ problems, “Actually I agree with [other user] and concur that the inevitable and unstoppable answer to imperfect automation is improved automation.” 另一个重要的主题在一定程度上是人类需要从机器手中夺回控制权的反主题。一些飞行员摒弃了好战的框架，转而认为战斗已经输了。一位用户在帖子一开始就问道："在现代航空中，我们是否已经到了无法（快速）关闭所有这些飞行员和性能辅助设备并进行手动飞行的地步？另一位用户以异想天开的方式提出了一个问题，暗示答案显而易见，但却令人不快，"如今机组人员如何才能真正回到老式的控制、仪表和传感器的'手控'配置（所有自动化和花哨的小工具都与参与完全隔离）？其他用户则认为，人类不再是解决机器问题的办法，"事实上，我同意 [其他用户] 的观点，也同意不完善的自动化不可避免且不可阻挡的答案就是改进自动化"。
The theme of surrender shares similar beginning chapters to the theme of zero-sum. Both pit mortal versus machine, but the two narratives diverge at the current moment. For zero-sum subscribers, the conflict is escalating and the final chapters are yet to be written. But surrender suggests that the battle is over. One user suggests human skill is itself mortal, “Hand flying is an essential skill. But it is a dying one. The tide, my fellow artful flyers, has turned against us. Were it any other way, we would not be having this discussion.” Perhaps the sensitivity of the topic owes to the profound challenge that surrender poses to pilot’s professional identity. The symbolism of brass wings and epaulettes is associated with authority and respect, not with mere observers. Nevertheless, some users urge their colleagues towards the realization, the “humble” user quoted above concluded his post with the candid replacement of the word fly, “Driving airplanes is not what it used to be, nor should it be.” 投降的主题与零和的主题有着相似的开头章节。两者都是凡人与机器的对决，但在当下这两种叙事方式出现了分歧。对于 "零和 "订阅者来说，冲突正在升级，最后的篇章尚未书写。但投降则表明战斗已经结束。一位用户认为，人类的技能本身也是必死的，"徒手飞行是一项基本技能。但它已奄奄一息。我的飞行伙伴们，潮流已经对我们不利。如果不是这样，我们就不会进行这样的讨论了"。也许这个话题的敏感性归因于投降对飞行员职业身份的深刻挑战。黄铜机翼和肩章的象征意义与权威和尊重有关，而非仅仅是旁观者。尽管如此，还是有一些用户敦促他们的同事认识到这一点，上面引用的那位 "谦逊 "的用户在他的帖子最后坦率地替换了 "飞行 "一词，"驾驶飞机已今非昔比，也不应该如此"。
Last Tips: 最后的提示
Remember the ultimate goal here is for you to get awesome insights that will help you and your classmates in your careers. So, feel free to ask the big questions. 请记住，我们的最终目标是让您获得对您和您的同学的职业生涯有帮助的深刻见解。因此，请随时提出重大问题。
Though the method may seem detailed at times, take it seriously. This method of analysis (codes/meaning units) is a fantastic way to coordinate analyses in the future with large groups of employees; I wish I had known it when I was working in industry. 虽然这种方法有时看起来很细致，但要认真对待。这种分析方法（代码/含义单位）是今后协调大批员工进行分析的绝佳方法；真希望我在工业部门工作时就知道这种方法。
Rule #1 is to have fun with this assignment. Rule #2 is to challenge yourself to be creative. Rule #3 is not to break rule #1, enjoy! 规则 1 是要从这项任务中获得乐趣。规则 2 是挑战自我，发挥创意。规则 3 不能违反规则 1，尽情享受！