Document 1
文件 1

Royal Mail workers will stage two 48-hour strikes around Black Friday and Cyber Monday after their union rejected the company’s latest pay offer and programme for change, describing it as a “declaration of war on posties”.
皇家邮政工人将在黑色星期五和网络星期一前后举行两次 48 小时的罢工，此前他们的工会拒绝了该公司最新的薪酬提议和变革计划，将其描述为“向邮政宣战”。

The Communication Workers Union (CWU), which represents Royal Mail staff, announced on Tuesday night that workers would be striking on 24 November and 25 November, known as Black Friday, the biggest shopping day of the year.
代表皇家邮政员工的通信工人工会 （CWU） 周二晚上宣布，工人将在 11 月 24 日和 11 月 25 日罢工，即黑色星期五，这是一年中最大的购物日。

Workers will start a second 48-hour strike on 30 November, two days after Cyber Monday, one of the busiest shopping days for online purchases. Many retailers run promotions for two weeks, leading to increased demand for deliveries.
工人将于 11 月 30 日开始第二次 48 小时罢工，即网络星期一两天后，网络星期一是最繁忙的网上购物日之一。许多零售商会进行为期两周的促销活动，导致送货需求增加。

The union’s postal executive will meet on Thursday to discuss fresh action in the run-up to Christmas. It also plans to hold a vote among members on the deal Royal Mail announced on Monday, as well as a vote of no confidence in the chief executive, Simon Thompson.
该工会的邮政执行官将于周四开会，讨论圣诞节前的新行动。它还计划在成员中就皇家邮政周一宣布的交易进行投票，以及对首席执行官西蒙·汤普森 （Simon Thompson） 的不信任投票。

Royal Mail’s latest offer includes a 7% salary increase over two years, along with a lump sum payment worth 2% of pay this year. Its “conditional pay-for-change offer” was an attempt to end a long-running dispute over pay and conditions but the CWU called it a “derisory” offer that disguised a real-terms pay cut.
皇家邮政的最新提议包括在两年内加薪 7%，以及今年一次性支付相当于工资 2% 的款项。其“有条件的薪酬变更提议”试图结束关于薪酬和条件的长期争议，但 CWU 称其为“嘲讽”提议，掩盖了实际减薪。

The union said the widespread changes over introducing “Uber-style owner-drivers”, mail centre closures and changes to Sunday working had prompted widespread outrage from workers.
该工会表示，引入“优步式自有司机”、关闭邮件中心和改变周日工作的广泛变化引发了工人的广泛愤怒。

The CWU general secretary, Dave Ward, said: “Posties are in the fight of their lives against the Uberisation of Royal Mail and the destruction of their conditions.
CWU 秘书长戴夫·沃德 （Dave Ward） 说：“邮政员们正在与皇家邮政的 Uber 化和破坏他们的条件进行生命斗争。

“But 115,000 of our members will not just accept this war on their livelihoods and their industry. They will never give up the fight to protect this industry and to protect their hard-won working conditions.
“但是，我们的 115,000 名成员不会仅仅接受这场针对他们生计和行业的战争。他们永远不会放弃保护这个行业和保护他们来之不易的工作条件的斗争。

“Simon Thompson has to either accept that or walk away – until he does one or the other, serious disruption will continue.”
“西蒙·汤普森要么接受这一点，要么走开——除非他这样做或那样，严重的干扰将继续。”

Document 2
文件 2

The union that represents Royal Mail workers has reacted angrily to the company’s latest pay offer and programme for change, accusing it of a “declaration of war on posties” and raising the prospect of further postal strikes in the runup to Christmas.
代表皇家邮政工人的工会对该公司最新的薪酬提议和改革计划做出了愤怒的反应，指责其“向邮政宣战”，并增加了在圣诞节前进一步邮政罢工的可能性。

Royal Mail has proposed what it called a new “conditional pay-for-change offer” to the Communication Workers Union (CWU), in an attempt to end a long-running dispute over pay and conditions.
皇家邮政向通信工人工会 （CWU） 提出了一项新的“有条件变更薪酬提议”，以试图结束关于薪酬和条件的长期争议。

The offer includes a 7% salary increase over two years, as well as a lump sum payment worth 2% of pay this year.
该提议包括在两年内加薪 7%，以及今年一次性支付相当于工资 2% 的款项。

The pay offer comprises a 5.5% increase for the current financial year, including 2% that has already been paid. In addition, workers would be paid an additional 1.5% from April 2023.
薪酬提议包括本财政年度 5.5% 的加薪，其中包括已支付的 2%。此外，从 2023 年 4 月起，工人将获得额外 1.5% 的工资。

Royal Mail said the offer was subject to the CWU agreeing to a programme of changes to working patterns at the 500-year-old firm, including alterations to Sunday shifts, different start times and more flexible working.
皇家邮政表示，该提议取决于 CWU 同意 改变这家拥有 500 年历史的公司工作模式的计划，包括改变周日轮班、不同的开始时间和更灵活的工作方式。

The company, which employs about 140,000 people, has persistently argued that such changes are necessary to allow it to compete in the growing parcel delivery market.
这家拥有约 140,000 名员工的公司一直坚持认为，这样的变化是必要的，这样才能在不断增长的包裹递送市场中竞争。

Royal Mail’s chief executive, Simon Thompson, said on Monday: “Royal Mail made a loss of £219m in the first half of the year. This once again demonstrates that the need for change at Royal Mail is urgent.”
皇家邮政首席执行官西蒙·汤普森 （Simon Thompson） 周一表示：“皇家邮政在今年上半年亏损了 £219m。这再次表明，皇家邮政迫切需要做出改变。

He urged CWU leaders to accept the offer and call off further strike action, adding: “We have always been clear that the more we can change the business, the more we will be able to pay our people – both now and in the future.”
他敦促 CWU 领导人接受这一提议并取消进一步的罢工行动，并补充说：“我们一直很清楚，我们越能改变业务，我们就越能支付给员工的工资——无论是现在还是将来。

However, the CWU described these changes as “unacceptable” and called the pay offer “derisory” and “well below projected inflation for both years”.
然而，CWU 将这些变化描述为“不可接受的”，并称薪酬提议是“荒谬的”和“两年的通胀率远低于预期”。

Royal Mail’s new offer came a day after the CWU called off a fresh series of planned strikes over the next two weeks, after a challenge by the company.
皇家邮政的新提议是在 CWU 在受到该公司的挑战后取消了未来两周一系列新的计划罢工后一天提出的。

The union said over the weekend that it had decided to withdraw industrial action notices up until 12 November, after a letter from Royal Mail’s legal team.
该工会在周末表示，在皇家邮政法律团队发出一封信后，它已决定撤回直到 11 月 12 日的工业行动通知。

The two sides had been holding talks at the conciliation service Acas on Monday before Royal Mail announced its increased pay offer and proposed changes to working practices.
周一，双方一直在调解服务 Acas 举行会谈，然后皇家邮政宣布增加工资提议并提议改变工作方式。

The CWU accuses the company of “imposing change rather than negotiating it” and vowed that postal workers would vote on further strike action.
CWU 指责该公司“强加变革而不是谈判”，并誓言邮政工人将就进一步的罢工行动进行投票。

The improved pay offer is not applicable to CWU members at Royal Mail who work for Parcelforce, nor for fleet employees – those responsible for maintaining the company’s vans and lorries – who are in separate bargaining units.
提高工资的提议不适用于为 Parcelforce 工作的皇家邮政 CWU 成员，也不适用于在单独的谈判单位工作的车队员工——负责维护公司货车和卡车的员工。

The CWU said the company was trying to bring in new workers on “lower terms” and accused it of “introducing owner-drivers into Royal Mail – a service that will be comparable to Uber.”
CWU 表示，该公司正试图以 “较低的条件” 引进新员工，并指责它 “将业主司机引入皇家邮政——这项服务将与 Uber 相媲美”。

A CWU spokesperson said: “These proposals are about dismantling a 500-year-old service and destroying the lives of those who serve it. Make no mistake – Royal Mail bosses have just declared war on your postie.”
CWU 发言人说：“这些提案是关于拆除一项拥有 500 年历史的服务并摧毁为其服务的人的生活。别搞错了——皇家邮政的老板刚刚向你的邮递宣战。

About 115,000 Royal Mail workers who are CWU members have previously taken strike action over several days since August.
自 8 月以来，大约 115,000 名作为 CWU 成员的皇家邮政工人此前曾在几天内采取了罢工行动。

The strikes and a decline in parcel volumes have previously prompted Royal Mail to warn that it may need to cut up to 10,000 roles by next August. It cautioned earlier in October that it expected to make an annual operating loss of about £350m in the year to the end of March.
罢工和包裹量的下降此前曾促使皇家邮政警告说，它可能需要在明年 8 月之前裁员多达 10,000 个职位。它在 10 月初警告说，预计在截至 3 月底的一年中，每年的运营亏损约为 £350m。

On Monday, the UK government said it had cleared Royal Mail’s largest shareholder – Vesa Equity Investment, an investment vehicle controlled by the Czech billionaire Daniel Křetínský – to increase its stake above 25%, after a national security review into the company’s ownership.
周一，英国政府表示，在对皇家邮政的所有权进行国家安全审查后，已批准皇家邮政的最大股东 Vesa Equity Investment（一家由捷克亿万富翁 Daniel Křetnský 控制的投资工具）将其股份增加到 25% 以上。

The Guardian understands that talks between Royal Mail and the CWU have not broken down, and the company is urging the union to put its latest pay offer to members.
据《卫报》了解，皇家邮政和 CWU 之间的谈判并未破裂，该公司正在敦促工会向会员提供最新的薪酬提议。

The CWU has criticised Thompson for failing to attend the talks at Acas on Monday, where the CWU’s general secretary, Dave Ward, was present.
CWU 批评汤普森未能参加周一在 Acas 举行的会谈，CWU 秘书长戴夫·沃德 （Dave Ward） 出席了会谈。

Royal Mail said Thomson was unable to attend because of other engagements, but would attend in future, adding that the company was represented at the negotiations by another board member.
皇家邮政表示，汤姆森因其他活动而无法参加，但将来会参加，并补充说该公司由另一名董事会成员代表参加谈判。

1) **Key issues and responses**:
1） **关键问题和回应**：

- **Key issues**: The main issues were pay and proposed changes to working conditions. Workers faced a pay offer that the union considered derisory, with a 7% salary increase over two years (including a 2% lump sum this year) which was well below projected inflation for both years. The company also proposed significant changes to working patterns such as alterations to Sunday shifts, different start times, and more flexible working, as well as plans to introduce "Uber-style owner-drivers" and close mail centres. The union saw these changes as an attack on workers' hard-won conditions and a form of "Uberisation" of the service.
- **关键问题**：主要问题是工资和对工作条件的拟议改变。工人们面临着一个被工会视为荒谬的加薪提议，两年内加薪 7%（包括今年 2% 的一次性付款），这远低于这两年的预期通货膨胀率。该公司还提议对工作模式进行重大改变，例如改变周日轮班、不同的开始时间和更灵活的工作方式，以及引入“Uber 式业主司机”和关闭邮件中心的计划。工会将这些变化视为对工人来之不易的条件的攻击，以及该服务的“优步化”形式。

- **Employer's response**: Royal Mail argued that the changes were necessary to compete in the growing parcel delivery market as the company had made a loss of £219m in the first half of the year. It urged the CWU to accept the offer and called off further strike action, stating that the more the business could change, the more it would be able to pay its people. The company also cleared the way for its largest shareholder to increase its stake after a national security review.
- **雇主的回应**：皇家邮政辩称，这些变化对于在不断增长的包裹递送市场中竞争是必要的，因为该公司在今年上半年亏损了 £219m。它敦促 CWU 接受这一提议并取消进一步的罢工行动，称企业的变化越多，它就越能支付给员工更多的工资。该公司还为其最大股东在国家安全审查后增持股份扫清了道路。

2) **Key actors and number of workers**:
2） **主要参与者和工人数量**：

- **Worker (trade union) side**: The key actor was the Communication Workers Union (CWU), with its general secretary Dave Ward being a prominent figure.
- **工人（工会）方面**：关键参与者是通信工人工会 （CWU），其总书记戴夫·沃德 （Dave Ward） 是一位杰出人物。

- **Employer side**: Royal Mail, led by its chief executive Simon Thompson.
- **雇主方**：皇家邮政，由其首席执行官西蒙·汤普森 （Simon Thompson） 领导。

- **Number of workers involved**: About 115,000 Royal Mail workers who are CWU members were involved in the dispute and had previously taken strike action.
- **涉及的工人人数**：大约 115,000 名作为 CWU 成员的皇家邮政工人卷入了这场争议，并且之前曾采取罢工行动。

3) **Process and outcome of trade union's escalation**:
3） **工会升级的过程和结果**：

- **Process**: The CWU initially called off a series of planned strikes over the next two weeks after a challenge by the company. However, after Royal Mail announced its new pay offer and proposed changes, the union reacted angrily, describing the offer as unacceptable and the changes as an imposition. The CWU postal executive planned to meet to discuss fresh action and hold a vote among members on the deal and a vote of no confidence in the chief executive.
- **流程**：在公司提出质疑后，CWU 最初在接下来的两周内取消了一系列计划中的罢工。然而，在皇家邮政宣布新的薪酬提议和拟议的改变后，工会愤怒地做出反应，称该提议是不可接受的，这些变化是强加的。CWU 邮政执行官计划开会讨论新的行动，并在成员之间就该交易进行投票，并对首席执行官进行不信任投票。

- **Outcome**: The CWU announced two 48-hour strikes around Black Friday (24 - 25 November) and starting 30 November. The union also continued to oppose the company's proposals and vowed to fight for better pay and conditions.
- **结果**：CWU 宣布在黑色星期五（11 月 24 日至 25 日）前后和 11 月 30 日开始实施两次 48 小时罢工。工会还继续反对公司的提议，并誓言要争取更好的薪酬和条件。

4) **Union's action plan and forms of power**:
4） **工会的行动计划和权力形式**：

- **Action plan**: The union planned two 48-hour strikes around Black Friday and Cyber Monday. The first strike was on 24 - 25 November (Black Friday) and the second starting on 30 November.
- **行动计划**：工会计划在黑色星期五和网络星期一前后举行两次 48 小时的罢工。第一次罢工于 11 月 24 日至 25 日（黑色星期五）举行，第二次罢工于 11 月 30 日开始。

- **Forms of power and reasons**:
- **权力的形式和理由**：

- **Structural power**: The postal workers have structural power as their strike can disrupt the delivery of mail and parcels, especially during the busy shopping period around Black Friday and Cyber Monday. This can have significant economic impacts on retailers and consumers who rely on Royal Mail's services, putting pressure on the company to negotiate.
- **结构性力量**：邮政工人拥有结构性力量，因为他们的罢工可能会扰乱邮件和包裹的递送，尤其是在黑色星期五和网络星期一前后的购物繁忙期间。这可能会对依赖 Royal Mail 服务的零售商和消费者产生重大经济影响，给公司带来谈判压力。

- **Associational power**: The CWU represents about 115,000 workers, which gives it associational power. By uniting and taking collective action, the workers can show their strength and determination. The planned votes on the deal and the vote of no confidence in the CEO also demonstrate the union's ability to mobilize its members and act as a collective voice.
- **协会力量**：CWU 代表大约 115,000 名工人，这赋予了它协会力量。通过团结和采取集体行动，工人们可以展示他们的力量和决心。计划中的协议投票和对首席执行官的不信任投票也表明了工会动员其成员并作为集体声音的能力。

- **Societal power**: There is some societal power as the public may be affected by the disruption in postal services. This could potentially lead to public support for the workers' cause or put pressure on the government to intervene. However, the company's argument about the need for change to remain competitive may also influence public opinion.
- **社会力量**：存在一些社会力量，因为公众可能会受到邮政服务中断的影响。这可能会导致公众对工人事业的支持，或向政府施加压力以进行干预。然而，该公司关于需要变革以保持竞争力的论点也可能影响公众舆论。

5) **Extent of success of industrial action**:
5） **工业行动的成功程度**：

- The industrial action has had some success in that it has forced the company to make a new pay offer and brought attention to the workers' concerns. The strikes and the threat of further action have put pressure on Royal Mail to negotiate. However, it is not clear if the action will ultimately lead to a satisfactory resolution for the workers. The company is still pushing for significant changes, and the union is opposed to them. If the union can secure a better pay deal and prevent the most harmful changes to working conditions, the action could be seen as a success. But if the company implements its proposed changes despite the strikes and the union is unable to improve the pay offer significantly, the success of the industrial action would be limited. At this stage, it is an ongoing process and the final outcome is yet to be determined.
- 工业行动取得了一些成功，因为它迫使公司提出新的薪酬提议，并引起了工人对工人担忧的关注。罢工和进一步行动的威胁给皇家邮政带来了谈判压力。然而，目前尚不清楚该行动是否最终会为工人带来令人满意的解决方案。该公司仍在推动重大变革，工会反对这些变革。如果工会能够达成更好的薪酬协议并防止对工作条件进行最有害的改变，那么这一行动就可以被视为成功。但是，如果公司不顾罢工实施其提议的变革，而工会无法显着提高工资提议，那么工业行动的成功将是有限的。在现阶段，这是一个持续的过程，最终结果尚未确定。