这是用户在 2024-6-24 4:00 为 https://app.immersivetranslate.com/word/ 保存的双语快照页面,由 沉浸式翻译 提供双语支持。了解如何保存?

大数据与服务型制造价值共创在中小企业中的应用
大数据与服务型制造价值共创在中小企业中的应用

抽象:
抽象:

本文探讨了大数据与服务型制造价值共创在中小企业中的应用,特别是数字平台能力对服务创新的影响。随着全球经济的快速发展和产业升级,服务型制造业作为一种新兴的产业模式受到广泛关注。数据技术的快速发展,振兴了服务型制造业,促进了价值共创。 本文分析了中小企业服务创新的现状和挑战,通过案例和实证研究揭示了数字平台能力与服务创新之间的联系,构建了涵盖数字平台、服务创新、知识创造和环境不确定性的理论模型。
本文探讨了大数据与服务型制造价值共创在中小企业中的应用,特别是数字平台能力对服务创新的影响。随着全球经济的快速发展和产业升级,服务型制造业作为一种新兴的产业模式受到广泛关注。大数据技术的快速发展,振兴了服务型制造业,促进了价值共创。本文分析了中小企业服务创新的现状和挑战,通过案例和实证研究揭示了数字平台能力与服务创新之间的联系,构建了涵盖数字平台、服务创新、知识创造和环境不确定性的理论模型。

研究发现,服务制造业中小企业的数字平台整合分析能力和重构能力 对服务创新具有显著的正向影响,知识创造在两者之间起着中介作用。同时,环境不确定性对知识创造与服务创新之间的联系产生负面影响。研究结果为中小企业通过强化数字平台、加速知识创造、提高环境适应性等方式,为中小企业提升服务创新提供理论和实践指导。
研究发现,服务制造业中小企业的数字平台整合分析能力和重构能力对服务创新具有显著的正向影响,知识创造在两者之间起着中介作用。同时,环境不确定性对知识创造与服务创新之间的联系产生负面影响。研究结果为中小企业通过强化数字平台、加速知识创造、提高环境适应性等方式,为中小企业提升服务创新提供理论和实践指导。

本文丰富了服务创新前因研究,拓展了服务业制造中小企业的数字平台能力视角,揭示了服务创新的边界机制。研究结果对推动中小企业服务创新和高质量发展具有重要意义,为政策制定提供重要参考。
本文丰富了服务创新前因研究,拓展了服务业制造中小企业的数字平台能力视角,揭示了服务创新的边界机制。研究结果对推动中小企业服务创新和高质量发展具有重要意义,为政策制定提供重要参考。

1.背景环境
1.背景环境

随着全球经济的快速发展和经济转型的深度转型和产业升级,服务型制造业作为一种新型产业模式,正逐渐受到广泛关注。同时,大数据技术的快速发展为服务型制造注入了新的活力,使价值共创成为可能。新一轮科技革命和产业革命推动了我国服务型制造业
随着全球经济的快速发展和经济转型的深度转型和产业升级,服务型制造业作为一种新型产业模式,正逐渐受到广泛关注。同时,大数据技术的快速发展为服务型制造注入了新的活力,使价值共创成为可能。新一轮科技革命和产业革命推动了服务型制造业的诞生
中小企业
中小企业
的诞生。服务型制造业中小企业作为制造业与服务业深度融合产生的企业形态,
在中国。作为制造与服务深度融合产生的企业形态,服务型制造
是中国制造业企业转型升级的重要方向。服务创新是服务型制造业中小企业获得竞争优势的重要途径。特别是在中小企业,大数据与服务型制造相结合,不仅有助于提升企业竞争力,还可以进一步推动全产业链的升级发展。
是中国制造企业转型升级的重要方向。服务创新是服务型制造业中小企业获得竞争优势的重要途径。特别是在中小企业,大数据与服务型制造相结合,不仅有助于提升企业竞争力,还可以进一步推动全产业链的升级发展。的价值
中小企业
中小企业
对经济发展的价值体现在创造就业、促进创新、创造就业、维护社会稳定、带动相关产业链发展等方面。大数据与服务型制造的价值共创已成为中小企业环境下重要的创新源泉。在服务型制造领域,中小企业往往是技术创新和产品研发的先行者。
经济发展体现在创造就业、促进创新、创造就业、维护社会稳定和带动相关产业链发展。大数据与服务型制造的价值共创已成为中小企业环境下重要的创新源泉。在服务型制造领域,中小企业往往是技术创新和产品研发的先行者。
借助大数据技术,探索新的服务模式和商业模式,推动产业升级转型。这样的创新不仅提升了企业的竞争力,也为整个行业带来了新的发展机遇。
借助大数据技术,探索新的服务模式和商业模式,推动产业升级转型。这样的创新不仅提升了企业的竞争力,也为整个行业带来了新的发展机遇。
在大数据时代,消费者的个性化需求日益凸显。
在大数据时代,消费者的个性化需求日益凸显。
中小企业
中小企业
凭借其灵活性,能够快速响应这些需求,并通过以服务为导向的制造提供定制产品或服务。这不仅满足了消费者的需求,也为企业带来了更高的附加值和利润。
,凭借其灵活性,能够快速响应这些需求,并通过面向服务的制造提供定制的产品或服务。这不仅满足了消费者的需求,也为企业带来了更高的附加值和利润。

虽然服务型制造业中小企业已经充分意识到服务创新的必要性,但我国服务型制造业中小企业的发展还处于早期阶段,属于新型企业,如何有效推动企业服务创新仍然是一个重要课题。在传统价值创造观念的影响下,服务型制造业中小企业没有实现真正意义上的主体协同创造价值,导致服务型制造业中小企业运营水平低下,服务创新效果不佳。目前,从中小企业的角度来看,服务型制造在转型过程中也面临诸多挑战。首先,中小企业往往缺乏足够的数据分析能力和技术支持,无法充分利用大数据带来的优势。其次,服务型制造需要企业与客户、供应商等多方利益相关者深度合作,但中小企业往往在这方面缺乏经验。最后,如何在保证产品质量的前提下实现个性化定制化服务,也是中小企业需要解决的问题。
虽然服务型制造业中小企业已经充分意识到服务创新的必要性,但我国服务型制造业中小企业的发展还处于早期阶段,属于新型企业,如何有效推动企业服务创新仍然是一个重要课题。在传统价值创造观念的影响下,服务型制造业中小企业没有实现真正意义上的主体协同创造价值,导致服务型制造业中小企业运营水平低下,服务创新效果不佳。目前,从中小企业的角度来看,服务型制造在转型过程中也面临诸多挑战。首先,中小企业往往缺乏足够的数据分析能力和技术支持,无法充分利用大数据带来的优势。其次,服务型制造需要企业与客户、供应商等多方利益相关者深度合作,但中小企业往往在这方面缺乏经验。最后,如何在保证产品质量的前提下实现个性化定制化服务,也是中小企业需要解决的问题。

2. 引言
2. 引言

2. 引言

为了推动服务型制造业中小企业在服务业创新中走出低级“服务型困境”,本研究以服务型制造业中小企业为核心研究对象。首先,通过对问题的阐述,探讨了研究的紧迫性和重要性,并详细讨论了研究的深远意义;接下来,本文系统地梳理了数字平台能力、知识创新、环境不确定性和服务创新等方面的研究现状,以期为后续深入研究奠定坚实的理论基础。此外,我们深入分析了服务型制造业中小企业的服务创新现状和数字化平台能力。借助定性研究方法,我们更详细地探讨了数字平台能力与服务创新之间的关系。在以往学者的研究成果的基础上,提出了几个研究假设,进而构建了一个理论假设模型。为了验证这些假设和模型,本文采用问卷调查和实证研究的方法,检验了数字平台能力对服务型制造业中小企业服务创新影响的理论机制。通过这一系列的研究步骤,我们期待对服务制造业中小企业的服务创新有更深入的了解和推动发展。详细研究内容如下。
为了推动服务型制造业中小企业在服务业创新中走出低级“服务型困境”,本研究以服务型制造业中小企业为核心研究对象。首先,通过对问题的阐述,探讨了研究的紧迫性和重要性,并详细讨论了研究的深远意义;接下来,本文系统地梳理了数字平台能力、知识创新、环境不确定性和服务创新等方面的研究现状,以期为后续深入研究奠定坚实的理论基础。此外,我们深入分析了服务型制造业中小企业的服务创新现状和数字化平台能力。借助定性研究方法,我们更详细地探讨了数字平台能力与服务创新之间的关系。在以往学者的研究成果的基础上,提出了几个研究假设,进而构建了一个理论假设模型。为了验证这些假设和模型,本文采用问卷调查和实证研究的方法,检验了数字平台能力对服务型制造业中小企业服务创新影响的理论机制。通过这一系列的研究步骤,我们期待对服务制造业中小企业的服务创新有更深入的了解和推动发展。详细研究内容如下。

为了推动服务型制造业中小企业在服务业创新中走出低级“服务型困境”,本研究以服务型制造业中小企业为核心研究对象。首先,通过对问题的阐述,探讨了研究的紧迫性和重要性,并详细讨论了研究的深远意义;接下来,本文系统地梳理了数字平台能力、知识创新、环境不确定性和服务创新等方面的研究现状,以期为后续深入研究奠定坚实的理论基础。此外,我们深入分析了服务型制造业中小企业的服务创新现状和数字化平台能力。借助定性研究方法,我们更详细地探讨了数字平台能力与服务创新之间的关系。在以往学者的研究成果的基础上,提出了几个研究假设,进而构建了一个理论假设模型。为了验证这些假设和模型,本文采用问卷调查和实证研究的方法,检验了数字平台能力对服务型制造业中小企业服务创新影响的理论机制。通过这一系列的研究步骤,我们期待对服务制造业中小企业的服务创新有更深入的了解和推动发展。详细研究内容如下。

服务型制造业中小企业数字化平台能力与服务创新关系分析

首先,界定了服务型制造业中小企业的概念,并选择了典型的服务型制造业型中小企业。其次,分析了中小型服务型制造企业服务创新的现状,明确了中小型服务型制造企业中存在的“服务型困境”。然后,分析了服务型制造业中小企业数字化平台能力的现状,从现实视角比较了使用数字化平台前后的创新变化,验证了数字化平台能力对服务创新的影响。最后,进一步分析了数字化平台能力与服务创新的关系。

构建了数字化平台能力对服务型制造型中小企业服务创新影响的理论模型

Based on the above analysis, the relationship among digital platform capability, knowledge creation, environmental uncertainty and service innovation is sorted out, the mechanism of action among variables is obtained, and the research hypothesis is put forward. Based on theoretical analysis and existing research, this paper proposes the following hypotheses: digital platform integration and analysis capability of small and medium-sized service-oriented manufacturing enterprises has a positive impact on service innovation; The digital platform reconfiguration capability of service-oriented manufacturing SMEs has a positive impact on service innovation. The digital platform integration and analysis ability of service-oriented manufacturing SMEs has a positive impact on knowledge creation. Digital platform reconfiguration capability of service-oriented manufacturing SMEs has a positive impact on knowledge creation. Knowledge creation has a positive impact on service innovation in service-oriented manufacturing SMEs. Knowledge creation has a mediating effect between digital platform integration analysis ability and service innovation in service-oriented manufacturing SMEs. Knowledge creation plays a mediating role between digital platform reconfiguration capability and service innovation in service-oriented manufacturing SMEs. Environmental uncertainty has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between knowledge creation and service innovation. This paper constructs a theoretical model with digital platform capability as the independent variable, service innovation as the dependent variable, knowledge creation as the mediating variable and environmental uncertainty as the moderating variable. After putting forward the research hypothesis and conceptual model, the validity of the hypothesis was tested by questionnaire and statistical analysis. SPSS26.0 and AMOS24.0 software were used to test the reliability and validity, homologous variance and multicollinearity of the variable scale. After passing the test, the regression test, mediating effect test and moderating effect test were carried out on each statistical variable to fully judge whether the hypothesis proposed above is really valid.
在此基础上,梳理了数字平台能力、知识创造、环境不确定性与服务创新之间的关系,得出了变量间的作用机理,并提出了研究假设。本文在理论分析和现有研究的基础上,提出了以下假设:服务型制造中小企业数字化平台集成分析能力对服务创新具有正向影响;服务型制造业中小企业的数字化平台重构能力对服务创新具有积极影响。服务型制造业中小企业的数字化平台整合和分析能力对知识创造具有积极影响。服务型制造业中小企业的数字化平台重构能力对知识创造具有积极影响。知识创造对服务型制造业中小企业的服务创新具有积极影响。在服务型制造业中小企业中,知识创造在数字平台集成分析能力与服务创新之间具有中介作用。在以服务为导向的制造业中小企业中,知识创造在数字平台重构能力和服务创新之间起着中介作用。环境不确定性对知识创造与服务创新的关系具有负向调节作用。本文构建了一个以数字平台能力为自变量、服务创新为因变量、知识创造为中介变量、环境不确定性为调节变量的理论模型。 在提出研究假设和概念模型后,通过问卷调查和统计分析检验了假设的有效性。采用SPSS26.0和AMOS24.0软件对变量表的信效度、同源方差和多重共线性进行了检验。检验合格后,对每个统计变量进行回归检验、中介效应检验和调节效应检验,充分判断上述假设是否真正有效。

(3) The theoretical model test of the effect of digital platform capability on service innovation of service-oriented manufacturing SMEs
(3)数字化平台能力对服务型制造业中小企业服务创新影响的理论模型检验

After the research hypothesis and conceptual model are proposed, the validity of the hypothesis is tested by questionnaire survey and statistical analysis. SPSS26.0 and AMOS24.0 software were used to test the reliability and validity, homologous variance and multicollinearity of the variable scale. After passing the test, the regression test, mediating effect test and moderating effect test were carried out on each statistical variable to fully judge whether the hypothesis proposed above is really valid
在提出研究假设和概念模型后,通过问卷调查和统计分析检验假设的有效性。采用SPSS26.0和AMOS24.0软件对变量表的信效度、同源方差和多重共线性进行了检验。检验合格后,对每个统计变量进行回归检验、中介效应检验和调节效应检验,充分判断上述假设是否真正有效
.

Analysis of the relationship between digital platform capability and service innovation in service-oriented manufacturing SMEs
服务型制造业中小企业数字化平台能力与服务创新关系分析

Service-oriented manufacturing SMEs are a special kind of enterprises, which combine the characteristics of manufacturing and service industries and belong to the category of small and medium-sized enterprises in terms of scale. Service-oriented manufacturing enterprises are transformed from the traditional manufacturing enterprises that mainly provide products. These enterprises continue to increase the proportion of service elements in input and output. These enterprises innovate and practice a variety of business models of "product + service", forming a development pattern of manufacturing and service supporting and promoting each other. Small and medium-sized enterprises Small and medium-sized enterprises refer to the small and medium-sized enterprises in terms of scale, assets, employment and other aspects. These enterprises play an important role in economic development and are an important force in driving economic growth, creating jobs and promoting innovation. Small and medium-sized enterprises have their own unique characteristics in management mechanism, informatization foundation, and management thinking, such as weak informatization foundation and lack of informatization construction planning. Then service-oriented manufacturing SMEs are actually the embodiment of service-oriented manufacturing in small and medium-sized enterprises. Under the framework of service-oriented manufacturing, SMEs may focus on some specific service areas, such as industrial design services, and enhance their service level by strengthening basic research and technology research and development. In addition, service-oriented manufacturing SMEs may adopt networked design collaborative platforms and use new models such as crowdsourcing, crowdsourcing and crowd-design to improve efficiency and innovation ability. According to the concept of service-oriented manufacturing SMEs, this chapter looks for typical cases in the market for analysis.
服务型制造业中小企业是一种特殊的企业,它结合了制造业和服务业的特点,在规模上属于中小企业的范畴。服务型制造企业是从以提供产品为主的传统制造企业转型而来的。这些企业继续提高服务要素在投入产出中的比例。这些企业创新践行“产品+服务”的多种商业模式,形成了制造与服务相互支持、相互促进的发展格局。中小企业 中小企业是指规模、资产、就业等方面的中小企业。这些企业在经济发展中发挥着重要作用,是推动经济增长、创造就业和促进创新的重要力量。中小企业在管理机制、信息化基础、管理思维等方面都有自己独特的特点,如信息化基础薄弱、缺乏信息化建设规划等。那么服务型制造业中小企业其实就是服务型制造在中小企业中的体现。在服务型制造框架下,中小企业可以专注于工业设计服务等特定服务领域,通过加强基础研究和技术研发来提升服务水平。 此外,服务型制造业中小企业可以采用网络化设计协同平台,采用众包、众包、众包等新模式,提高效率和创新能力。本章根据服务型制造业中小企业的概念,对市场中的典型案例进行分析。

3.1 Typical cases of service innovation in service-oriented manufacturing SMEs
3.1 服务型制造业中小企业服务创新典型案例

When selecting specific enterprises for analysis in this chapter, they are selected according to three criteria (Eisenhardt,K.M.,1989).
在本章中选择具体企业进行分析时,根据三个标准(Eisenhardt,K.M.,1989)选择它们。

The first is the theme consistency. The selected enterprise cases are consistent with the research theme of the paper. The theme of the paper is the application of big data and service-oriented manufacturing value co-creation in small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, when selecting typical enterprises, service-oriented manufacturing enterprises should be targeted and small and medium-sized enterprises should be satisfied. This enterprise is not a simple product manufacturer, but a provider of "product + service".
首先是主题的一致性。入选的企业案例与论文的研究主题一致。本文的主题是大数据与服务型制造价值共创在中小企业中的应用。因此,在选择典型企业时,应以服务型制造企业为目标,以中小企业为准。这家企业不是简单的产品制造商,而是“产品+服务”的提供者。

The second is the typicality of enterprises. The cases selected in this paper have good typicality and representativeness. Digitalization can be demonstrated by digital platform capabilities, that is, service-oriented manufacturing SMEs need to have digital platforms or participate in digital platforms, and can output digital products or services
二是企业典型性。本文选取的案例具有较好的典型性和代表性。数字化可以通过数字化平台能力来体现,即服务型制造型中小企业需要拥有数字化平台或参与数字化平台,才能输出数字化产品或服务

Finally, it is enterprise investigativeness. The enterprises under study have a certain social network relationship with the research team, which will help to understand more deeply and conduct interviews, so as to obtain authentic and trustworthy materials. According to the above selection criteria and confidentiality principle, this paper selects A typical enterprise in small and medium-sized service manufacturing industry, enterprise A, as the case study object.
最后,是企业调查。被研究的企业与研究团队有一定的社交网络关系,这将有助于更深入地了解和进行访谈,从而获得真实可信赖的材料。根据上述遴选标准和保密原则,本文选取中小型服务制造业典型企业A企业作为案例研究对象。

3.2 Analysis on the current situation of service innovation of small and medium-sized service-oriented manufacturing enterprises
3.2 服务型制造业中小企业服务创新现状分析

Enterprise A is an enterprise based on the pension industry, r&d and production of pension products to develop the pension market, the target customers are people with pension needs and pension pressure. Enterprise A provides a shared manufacturing platform for enterprises through the industrial Internet digital platform, through which enterprises understand the market demand and the use feedback and work of the products sold, and provide three stages of shared manufacturing services. In the first stage, through the shared manufacturing platform, customers need to realize the service innovation mode of "decentralized design + centralized production"; In the second stage, through the shared manufacturing platform, cloud warehouse and other digital platforms, increase the process links, according to customer needs for product design, improve the personalized product manufacturing; In the third stage, through the shared manufacturing platform to link the government, enterprises and other subjects, to build a government-enterprise cooperation ecosystem, to provide government pension support for target customers, the government to understand the development trend of the pension industry, reduce the pressure of social pension.
企业A是一家立足于养老金行业,研发生产养老金产品开发养老金市场的企业,目标客户是有养老金需求和养老金压力的人群。企业A通过工业互联网数字化平台为企业提供共享制造平台,企业通过该平台了解市场需求以及所售产品的使用反馈和工作情况,提供三个阶段的共享制造服务。第一阶段,通过共享制造平台,客户需要实现“分散设计+集中生产”的服务创新模式;第二阶段,通过共享制造平台、云仓等数字化平台,加大工艺环节,根据客户需求进行产品设计,提升产品制造个性化;第三阶段,通过共享制造平台连接政府、企业等主体,构建政企合作生态圈,为目标客户提供政府养老金支持,了解养老金行业发展趋势,减轻社会养老金压力。

Table 2.2 A Current usage of enterprise digital platforms
表2.2 A 企业数字平台的当前使用情况

Year

Service innovation (Yuan)
服务创新(元)

Rate of increase
增长率

Whether to use digital platforms
是否使用数字平台

2018

57976

-

No

2019

59775

3.10%

No

2020

58761

- 1.70%

No

2021

69644

18.52%

Yes

2022

78653

12.94%

Yes

2023

88162

12.09%

Yes

According to Table 1, the growth rate of service innovation of enterprise A after 2020 increases significantly. Compared with the growth rate of service innovation before and after 2019, it can be found that the growth rate of service innovation before 2019 is small and unstable, and the growth rate of service innovation during 2019-2020 is negative. However, after 2010, the growth rate of service innovation increased and showed a stable trend. The reason is that DA enterprise joined the industrial Internet platform in 2017. By using the digital platform, the enterprise changed from the traditional mode to the sharing mode, and used the digital platform to transmit data information in real time, detect the problems in the process in real time to monitor the quality of the production process and the product effect of the customer use link after sales. Flexibly configure the enterprise architecture in real time, make the optimal decision at the lowest cost, and improve the service capacity. Therefore, there is A difference in the service innovation economic growth rate of enterprise A before and after the application of digital platform in 2020, indicating that the digital platform capability has an impact on innovative services to a certain extent.
从表1可以看出,2020年后A企业服务创新增速明显提升。与2019年前后服务创新增速相比,可以发现2019年前服务创新增速小且不稳定,2019-2020年服务创新增速为负。但2010年后,服务创新增速有所提高,呈现稳定态势。原因是DA企业在2017年加入了工业互联网平台。通过使用数字化平台,企业从传统模式转变为共享模式,利用数字化平台实时传输数据信息,实时检测过程中的问题,监控生产过程的质量和售后客户使用环节的产品效果。实时灵活配置企业架构,以最低成本做出最优决策,提升服务能力。因此,2020年A企业应用数字化平台前后服务创新经济增长率存在差异,表明数字化平台能力对创新服务有一定程度的影响。

Analysis of the current situation of digital platform capability of small and medium-sized service-oriented manufacturing enterprises
中小型服务型制造企业数字化平台能力现状分析

First of all, from the perspective of digital platform infrastructure construction, enterprise A has initially established a relatively complete digital platform system, including data collection, storage, processing and analysis. Through the introduction of information technology, Enterprise A has realized the data connection of production, sales, service and other links, which provides strong data support for enterprise decision-making. However, Enterprise A has obvious shortcomings in infrastructure construction, such as incomplete data collection, insecure data storage, low efficiency of data processing and other problems, which seriously affect the play of digital platform capabilities.
首先,从数字平台基础设施建设来看,企业A初步建立了较为完整的数字化平台体系,包括数据采集、存储、处理和分析。通过信息技术的引入,企业A实现了生产、销售、服务等环节的数据对接,为企业决策提供了强有力的数据支撑。然而,企业A在基础设施建设方面存在明显不足,如数据采集不全、数据存储不安全、数据处理效率低等问题,严重影响了数字平台能力的发挥。

Secondly, from the perspective of the application of digital platform, Enterprise A has begun to try to apply digital platform to product research and development, production management, marketing and other fields, and has achieved remarkable results. Accurate prediction of market demand through digital platform provides strong guidance for product research and development; At the same time, by monitoring the production process in real time, problems can be found and solved in time, which improves production efficiency and product quality. However, due to the lack of professional technical personnel and operation experience, as well as more capital investment, Enterprise A is still inadequate in the application of digital platform, and it is difficult to give full play to the advantages of digital platform.
其次,从数字化平台的应用角度看,企业A已经开始尝试将数字化平台应用于产品研发、生产管理、营销等领域,并取得了显著的成效。通过数字化平台准确预测市场需求,为产品研发提供有力指导;同时,通过实时监控生产过程,可以及时发现和解决问题,从而提高生产效率和产品质量。但由于缺乏专业的技术人才和运营经验,以及更多的资金投入,企业A在数字化平台的应用上仍然不足,难以充分发挥数字化平台的优势。

In addition, Enterprise A also faces many external challenges in the development of digital platform capabilities. With the continuous development of digital technology, market competition is becoming increasingly fierce. In order to seize market share, many enterprises have increased their investment in digital platform. However, for service-oriented manufacturing SMEs with relatively weak financial strength, they are in a disadvantaged position in the competition with other listed enterprises and joint ventures, which undoubtedly increases their operating pressure. At the same time, with the improvement of data security and privacy protection awareness, how to ensure the security and compliance of enterprise data under the current enterprise conditions has also become A problem that enterprise A must face.
此外,企业A在数字化平台能力开发方面也面临诸多外部挑战。随着数字技术的不断发展,市场竞争日趋激烈。为了抢占市场份额,许多企业纷纷加大对数字化平台的投入。但对于财务实力相对较弱的服务型制造业中小企业来说,在与其他上市企业和合资企业的竞争中处于劣势,这无疑增加了它们的经营压力。同时,随着数据安全和隐私保护意识的提高,在当前企业条件下如何保证企业数据的安全性和合规性,也成为企业A必须面对的问题。

At present, Enterprise A has made the first attempt in the application of digital platform, and achieved corresponding results. However, in order to further play the advantages of digital platform, Enterprise A needs to continuously strengthen its own research and application capabilities in digital technology, and improve the infrastructure construction and application level of digital platform. At the same time, as A small and medium-sized enterprise making bold attempts, Enterprise A needs more support and help from the government and society to provide a better development environment and resource guarantee for the enterprise.
目前,企业A在数字化平台应用方面进行了首次尝试,并取得了相应的效果。但为了进一步发挥数字平台优势,企业A需要不断加强自身在数字技术方面的研究和应用能力,提高数字平台的基础设施建设和应用水平。同时,作为一家大胆尝试的中小企业,A企业更需要政府和社会的支持和帮助,为企业提供更好的发展环境和资源保障。

Combined with the above analysis of service innovation, the digital platform capability of service-oriented manufacturing SMEs has an important impact on service innovation, but it can also be seen that service-oriented manufacturing SMEs have a "service-oriented dilemma". Through the analysis of the current situation of the digital platform capability of enterprises and the comparison of the service innovation effect before and after the application of digital platform, it can be found that the service innovation effect after the application of digital platform is significantly higher than that without the application of digital platform. However, the digital platform itself cannot directly generate economic benefits, so enterprise personnel need to create value through the digital platform capability. It shows that the digital platform capability has an impact on service innovation, which confirms the impact of digital platform capability on service innovation from a realistic perspective. To sum up, the relationship between digital platform capability and service innovation of service-oriented manufacturing enterprises is further analyzed below.
结合以上对服务创新的分析,服务型制造业中小企业的数字化平台能力对服务创新具有重要影响,但也可以看出,服务型制造业中小企业存在“服务型困境”。通过对企业数字化平台能力现状的分析,以及数字化平台应用前后服务创新效果的对比,可以发现,数字化平台应用后的服务创新效果明显高于未应用数字化平台。但是,数字化平台本身并不能直接产生经济效益,因此企业人员需要通过数字化平台能力创造价值。表明数字平台能力对业务创新有影响,从现实角度证实了数字平台能力对业务创新的影响。综上所述,下文将进一步分析服务型制造企业数字化平台能力与服务创新之间的关系。

3.4 数字化平台能力对服务型制造型中小企业服务创新的影响分析

在上述讨论的基础上,从服务创新项目审批阶段、服务创新发展阶段和新服务项目实施阶段三个阶段探讨服务型制造型中小企业数字化平台能力与服务创新的关系,为数字化平台能力对服务型制造服务创新影响的理论模型奠定基础以下中小企业

服务创新项目审批阶段

在服务创新项目的初始规划阶段,服务制造企业需要有深厚的知识库,包括广泛的客户反馈、合作伙伴的详细信息以及竞争对手的情报。这些信息为业务决策者评估服务创新项目的实际可行性提供了有价值的参考,从而为项目的实施奠定了坚实的基础。然而,企业仅靠自身的知识储备往往难以满足服务创新的综合需求。因此,企业需要从外部寻求更多的信息输入,以补充其战略知识的不足。

数字平台的集成和分析功能使企业能够对外挖掘信息和知识,并在内部有效地整合这些信息。这一功能极大地促进了企业的服务创新。通过数字化平台,企业可以对市场进行透彻的分析,深入了解客户群体、供应商和合作伙伴、竞争对手的动态,从而准确评估服务需求,开展有针对性的服务创新活动,从而提高项目的成功率。同时,借助数字化平台的能力,企业可以对收集到的知识进行选择和重组,与企业内部知识相结合,创造更符合企业自身服务创新需求的新知识,为服务创新团队开发新服务提供有力支撑。

数字化平台的重构功能,推动企业搭建知识共享交流平台,实现知识在企业内外的自由流通和共享。这有助于激发员工的创新思维,为新服务创新的讨论和验证提供充足的空间,从而产生新的服务项目。因此,在服务创新的初始规划阶段,服务制造企业的数字化平台能力无疑对服务创新起到了至关重要的作用。

Service innovation development stage
服务创新发展阶段

In the stage of service innovation and development, service-oriented manufacturing SMEs are committed to transforming carefully planned service innovation programs into reality and giving birth to brand new service products. In this stage, the internal and external knowledge exchange and sharing play an important role in the promotion of service innovation. However, due to the dynamic changes in the market environment and the uncertainty of enterprise development, enterprises need to flexibly adjust their strategies according to the real-time situation, constantly absorb new knowledge, and revise and optimize the original plan.
在服务创新发展阶段,服务型制造型中小企业致力于将精心策划的服务创新方案转化为现实,催生全新的服务产品。在这个阶段,内外部的知识交流和共享在促进服务创新方面发挥着重要作用。但由于市场环境的动态变化和企业发展的不确定性,企业需要根据实时情况灵活调整策略,不断吸收新知识,对原有计划进行修改和优化。

The integration and analysis capabilities of digital platforms bring significant advantages to service-oriented manufacturing SMEs. It breaks down the communication barrier between the innovation team and the various departments of the enterprise, and realizes the barrier-free circulation of knowledge. This capability is crucial for service innovation, as the research and development of new products often relies on the diverse tacit knowledge of employees. The integrated analysis capability of digital platforms not only enhances employees' sense of participation and belonging in service innovation activities, but also greatly improves the work efficiency of enterprises. This mechanism effectively promotes employees to integrate their rich tacit knowledge into the practice of service innovation, thus accelerating the process of enterprise service innovation.
数字化平台的集成和分析能力为服务型制造业中小企业带来了显著优势。它打破了创新团队与企业各部门之间的沟通障碍,实现了知识的无障碍流通。这种能力对于服务创新至关重要,因为新产品的研发往往依赖于员工的各种隐性知识。数字化平台的综合分析能力不仅增强了员工对服务创新活动的参与感和归属感,也大大提高了企业的工作效率。这种机制有效地促进了员工将自己丰富的隐性知识融入到服务创新的实践中,从而加速了企业服务创新的进程。

In addition, the digital platform reconfiguration capability of service-oriented manufacturing SMEs further amplifies the network externalities of enterprises. On the basis of pursuing mutual benefit and win-win results, if enterprises want to obtain the required information from the external network, they must make corresponding contributions to the external market or other SME networks. Therefore, the reconfiguration capability of digital platform not only promotes the extensive dissemination and in-depth communication of enterprise information, but also promotes the creation and application of new knowledge by optimizing the allocation of knowledge resources, thus realizing the transformation of knowledge into service innovation results. It can be seen that in the development stage of service innovation, the digital platform capability of service-oriented manufacturing enterprises does play a pivotal role in promoting service innovation.
此外,服务型制造业中小企业的数字化平台重构能力进一步放大了企业的网络外部性。在追求互利共赢的基础上,企业要想从外部网络获取所需信息,就必须对外部市场或其他中小企业网络做出相应的贡献。因此,数字化平台的重构能力不仅促进了企业信息的广泛传播和深度交流,而且通过优化知识资源配置,促进了新知识的创造和应用,从而实现了知识转化为服务创新成果。可以看出,在服务创新的发展阶段,服务型制造企业的数字化平台能力确实在推动服务创新方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。

(3) Implementation stage of new service projects
(三)新服务项目实施阶段

During the implementation of new service projects, service-oriented manufacturing enterprises emphasize translating theoretical knowledge into practical applications. This tests the team's ability to transform knowledge into innovation. To ensure market success, enterprises test the market and gather consumer feedback to refine the innovation. Digital platforms facilitate this by integrating and analyzing customer feedback, helping enterprises fine-tune products and services to meet market needs and enhance the service experience. Additionally, their reconfiguration capabilities enable prompt customer tracking and problem-solving, crucial for new product/service marketing. By dynamically optimizing information, digital platforms greatly benefit service-oriented manufacturing enterprises' innovation efforts.
在新服务项目实施过程中,服务型制造企业强调将理论知识转化为实际应用。这考验了团队将知识转化为创新的能力。为确保市场成功,企业通过测试市场并收集消费者反馈以完善创新。数字化平台通过整合和分析客户反馈,帮助企业微调产品和服务,以满足市场需求,提升服务体验。此外,它们的重新配置功能能够及时跟踪客户并解决问题,这对于新产品/服务营销至关重要。通过动态优化信息,数字化平台极大地有利于服务型制造企业的创新工作。

4. Model construction of the impact of digital platform capability on service innovation of service-oriented manufacturing SMEs
4. 数字平台能力对服务型制造业中小企业服务创新影响模型构建

4.1 Construction of conceptual model
4.1 概念模型的构建

(1) Resource-based theory
(1)资源型理论

Resource-based theory holds that enterprises can use their unique and difficult to replicate resources and capabilities to build competitive advantages (Barney,J.B.,2021), which explains the mechanism by which enterprises obtain heterogeneous resources to generate performance differences. In addition, the theory holds that the scarce and irreplaceable resources owned by enterprises can provide a source of innovation for enterprises, but more importantly, enterprises must effectively use these resources to create value for customers and respond to changes in the external environment through efficient utilization of resources (Iravani,S.M.,2005). According to resource-based theory, if service-oriented manufacturing SMEs want to achieve service innovation, the key is to build their own unique competitive advantages, and the core is to acquire unique competitive resources. The digital platform capability of these SMEs has become an important way for them to obtain these precious resources. The integration and analysis capabilities of digital platforms not only help enterprises easily capture and gather effective internal and external information, but also provide enterprises with an efficient information processing tool. In addition, service-oriented manufacturing SMEs need to dynamically allocate resources in real time when they carry out service innovation. The reconfiguration capability of digital platform plays a key role here. It provides a flexible and configurable module architecture for enterprises, which enables enterprises to dynamically allocate resources according to the actual situation, thus promoting the realization of service innovation and providing customers with unique and high-quality service experience. This ability of dynamic resource allocation undoubtedly brings enterprises greater competitive advantage and flexibility.
资源型理论认为,企业可以利用其独特且难以复制的资源和能力来建立竞争优势(Barney,J.B.,2021),这解释了企业获得异质资源以产生绩效差异的机制。此外,该理论认为,企业拥有的稀缺和不可替代的资源可以为企业提供创新的源泉,但更重要的是,企业必须有效地利用这些资源,通过有效利用资源,为客户创造价值,应对外部环境的变化(Iravani,S.M.,2005)。根据资源型理论,服务型制造业中小企业要想实现服务创新,关键是要建立自己独特的竞争优势,而核心是获取独特的竞争资源。这些中小企业的数字平台能力已成为他们获取这些宝贵资源的重要途径。数字化平台的集成和分析能力不仅帮助企业轻松获取和收集有效的内外部信息,还为企业提供了高效的信息处理工具。此外,服务型制造业中小企业在进行服务创新时,需要实时动态配置资源。数字平台的重构能力在这里起着关键作用。为企业提供灵活可配置的模块架构,使企业能够根据实际情况动态分配资源,从而促进服务创新的实现,为客户提供独特、优质的服务体验。 这种动态资源配置能力无疑给企业带来了更大的竞争优势和灵活性。

(2) Knowledge creation theory
(2)知识创造理论

Knowledge creation theory holds that enterprises can create new knowledge through the mutual transformation of existing explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge, and they can accumulate a large number of knowledge sources to further enhance their competitive advantages (Nonaka,I.,1995). The processes of socialization, externalization, combination and internalization of knowledge creation theory describe the spiral transformation of explicit and tacit knowledge. With the process of knowledge creation, the understanding of employees in the enterprise on service process, service product and service orientation is deepened. It further influences the service innovation behaviors of R&D personnel, sales personnel and other departments (Grant,R.M.,1996). Knowledge creation theory lays a solid theoretical foundation for the model construction of this paper. First of all, the ability of service-oriented manufacturing enterprises to create and use existing resources is the source of their sustainable competitive advantage. Enterprises can efficiently use and integrate explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge, realize the spiral creation of new knowledge, and then provide customers with innovative products and services in a unique way. Secondly, this theory emphasizes that the knowledge of enterprises mainly comes from the effective integration of individual knowledge resources. Therefore, through the capabilities of their digital platforms, service-oriented manufacturing SMEs can not only dig deep into external information knowledge, but also comprehensively collect internal information knowledge. Subsequently, through the process of knowledge creation, the mutual transformation and value-added of information and knowledge can be realized, thus promoting the pace of service innovation. Finally, knowledge creation theory also emphasizes that the process of knowledge creation is often accompanied by a certain time lag. At the same time, the complexity and turbulence of the external environment will also have an impact on the relationship between knowledge creation and service innovation. In view of this, it is particularly important and necessary to deeply explore the role of environmental uncertainty in the relationship between knowledge creation and service innovation.
知识创造理论认为,企业可以通过现有显性知识和隐性知识的相互转化来创造新的知识,并积累大量的知识来源,进一步增强其竞争优势(Nonaka,I.,1995)。知识创造理论的社会化、外化、组合化和内化过程描述了显性知识和隐性知识的螺旋式转化。随着知识创造的过程,加深了企业员工对服务流程、服务产品、服务导向的理解。它进一步影响研发人员、销售人员和其他部门的服务创新行为(Grant,R.M.,1996)。知识创造理论为本文的模型构建奠定了坚实的理论基础。首先,服务型制造企业创造和利用现有资源的能力是其可持续竞争优势的源泉。企业可以高效运用和整合显性知识和隐性知识,实现新知识的螺旋式创造,进而以独特的方式为客户提供创新的产品和服务。其次,该理论强调企业的知识主要来自个体知识资源的有效整合。因此,服务型制造型中小企业通过其数字化平台的能力,不仅可以深入挖掘外部信息知识,还可以全面收集内部信息知识。 随后,通过知识创造的过程,实现信息与知识的相互转化和增值,从而推动服务创新的步伐。最后,知识创造理论还强调,知识创造的过程往往伴随着一定的时间滞后。同时,外部环境的复杂性和动荡性也会对知识创造与服务创新的关系产生影响。有鉴于此,深入探讨环境不确定性在知识创造与服务创新关系中的作用尤为重要和必要。

(3) Value co-creation theory
(3)价值共创理论

The value co-creation theory is divided into the value co-creation theory based on user experience and the value co-creation theory based on service-dominant logic. The former mainly emphasizes user experience first, and users and enterprises create value together. The rapid development of the Internet era has blurred the boundary between customers and enterprises, and the mode of value creation between users and enterprises has promoted the mode based on personalized user experience (Prahalad,C.K.,2000). The latter mainly emphasizes the value exchange of service to service, such as the value exchange between enterprises and suppliers. Suppliers and enterprises are the co-creators of enterprise service innovation and value creation, and the value creation process between them is interactive and reciprocal.
价值共创理论分为基于用户体验的价值共创理论和基于服务主导逻辑的价值共创理论。前者主要强调用户体验第一,用户与企业共同创造价值。互联网时代的快速发展模糊了客户与企业之间的界限,用户与企业之间的价值创造模式推动了基于个性化用户体验的模式(Prahalad,C.K.,2000)。后者主要强调服务与服务的价值交换,如企业与供应商之间的价值交换。供应商和企业是企业服务创新和价值创造的共同创造者,它们之间的价值创造过程是互动的、互惠的。

The value co-creation theory lays the theoretical foundation for the model construction of this paper. The theory emphasizes that in the process of value creation, the participants are diversified, and customers, suppliers and competitors all play an important role. Therefore, service-oriented manufacturing enterprises must pay full attention to the dynamic changes of these subjects when promoting service innovation.
价值共创理论为本文的模型构建奠定了理论基础。该理论强调,在价值创造过程中,参与者是多元化的,客户、供应商和竞争对手都发挥着重要作用。因此,服务型制造企业在推进服务创新时,必须充分关注这些主体的动态变化。

During information and knowledge collection, enterprises should consider customer, partner, and competitor insights to ensure comprehensive and accurate data. For knowledge creation, enterprises should collaborate with various parties to jointly process, share, and transfer new knowledge. This cross-party cooperation and knowledge exchange enhances service innovation, leading to new services and products. This value co-creation-based service innovation model enables sustainable growth for service-oriented manufacturing enterprises.
在信息和知识收集过程中,企业应考虑客户、合作伙伴和竞争对手的见解,以确保数据全面准确。在知识创造方面,企业应与各方合作,共同处理、共享和转移新知识。这种跨党派合作和知识交流增强了服务创新,从而带来了新的服务和产品。这种基于价值共创的服务创新模式,使服务型制造企业实现可持续增长。

上述理论为本文的模型构建奠定了良好的理论基础。根据第二章的内容,数字化平台能力是影响业务创新的关键因素。因此,本文以数字平台能力为自变量,以服务创新为因变量,进一步探讨数字平台能力对服务创新的影响机制。通过数字平台搜索和整合的内外部信息和知识本身并不具有创造性,需要企业人员主动创造知识。在显性知识和隐性知识的反复转换过程中,产生了新概念、新知识、新服务。知识创造在利用数字平台能力实现服务创新的过程中发挥着重要作用
上述理论为本文的模型构建奠定了良好的理论基础。根据第二章的内容,数字化平台能力是影响业务创新的关键因素。因此,本文以数字平台能力为自变量,以服务创新为因变量,进一步探讨数字平台能力对服务创新的影响机制。通过数字平台搜索和整合的内外部信息和知识本身并不具有创造性,需要企业人员主动创造知识。在显性知识和隐性知识的反复转换过程中,产生了新概念、新知识、新服务。知识创造在利用数字平台能力实现服务创新的过程中发挥着重要作用

上述理论为本文的模型构建奠定了良好的理论基础。根据第二章的内容,数字化平台能力是影响业务创新的关键因素。因此,本文以数字平台能力为自变量,以服务创新为因变量,进一步探讨数字平台能力对服务创新的影响机制。通过数字平台搜索和整合的内外部信息和知识本身并不具有创造性,需要企业人员主动创造知识。在显性知识和隐性知识的反复转换过程中,产生了新概念、新知识、新服务。知识创造在利用数字平台能力实现服务创新的过程中发挥着重要作用

因此,本文将知识创造引入中介变量。此外,服务型制造企业正处于环境不确定性时代,因此本文引入环境不确定性作为调节变量,探讨环境不确定性对数字平台能力和服务创新的影响。综上所述,为进一步探讨数字平台能力对服务创新的影响,构建了以数字平台能力为自变量、知识创造为中介变量、环境不确定性为调节变量、服务创新为因变量的理论模型,如图3.1所示。
因此,本文将知识创造引入中介变量。此外,服务型制造企业正处于环境不确定性时代,因此本文引入环境不确定性作为调节变量,探讨环境不确定性对数字平台能力和服务创新的影响。综上所述,为进一步探讨数字平台能力对服务创新的影响,构建了以数字平台能力为自变量、知识创造为中介变量、环境不确定性为调节变量、服务创新为因变量的理论模型,如图3.1所示。

因此,本文将知识创造引入中介变量。此外,服务型制造企业正处于环境不确定性时代,因此本文引入环境不确定性作为调节变量,探讨环境不确定性对数字平台能力和服务创新的影响。综上所述,为进一步探讨数字平台能力对服务创新的影响,构建了以数字平台能力为自变量、知识创造为中介变量、环境不确定性为调节变量、服务创新为因变量的理论模型,如图3.1所示。

图3.1 理论模型
图3.1 理论模型

图3.1 理论模型

4.2 研究假设
4.2 研究假设

4.2 研究假设

4.2.1 服务型制造型中小企业数字化平台能力与服务创新
4.2.1 服务型制造型中小企业数字化平台能力与服务创新

4.2.1 服务型制造型中小企业数字化平台能力与服务创新

(1)服务型制造型中小企业数字化平台集成分析能力与服务创新的关系
(1)服务型制造型中小企业数字化平台集成分析能力与服务创新的关系

(1)服务型制造型中小企业数字化平台集成分析能力与服务创新的关系

在德鲁克的新经济观点中,企业的创新能力在很大程度上取决于其有效获取外部知识的能力。特别是在当今的数字经济中,数字知识对于以服务为导向的制造商至关重要。除了内部数据,企业还必须深入挖掘、整合、分析和利用外部复杂数据,以获得有价值的见解。数字平台的分析和集成能力对于推动企业创新和增长至关重要。服务型制造企业,作为制造业与服务业深度融合的新型企业模式,其服务创新的核心是以客户为中心。 (Schoenherr,T.,2012) 按照服务主导逻辑,这类企业的服务创新是一个多方合作、价值共创的过程,消费者在这个过程中起着举足轻重的作用。(Nam,K.,2010年)因此,在数字化平台上有效整合和分析客户资源,对于服务型制造企业的创新服务非常重要。研究表明,强大的数字化平台集成和分析能力使企业能够更快地在平台上捕获客户的关键信息。 (Frederiksen,A.,2009) 随着这种能力的增强,服务制造企业可以利用数字平台的软硬件支撑,促进价值链中所有参与者的高效协作,更好地处理各类数据,从而快速响应并满足市场需求。 此外,有学者指出,利用数字平台整合和分析客户信息的企业往往更具创新性,能够提供基于数字平台的定制化产品和服务。 (Lehrer,C.,2018) 相反,如果服务型制造企业缺乏数字化整合和分析能力,可能无法充分发挥数字平台的潜力,发挥数字基础设施的优势,从而限制了其服务创新的步伐。
在德鲁克的新经济观点中,企业的创新能力在很大程度上取决于其有效获取外部知识的能力。特别是在当今的数字经济中,数字知识对于以服务为导向的制造商至关重要。除了内部数据,企业还必须深入挖掘、整合、分析和利用外部复杂数据,以获得有价值的见解。数字平台的分析和集成能力对于推动企业创新和增长至关重要。服务型制造企业,作为制造业与服务业深度融合的新型企业模式,其服务创新的核心是以客户为中心。(Schoenherr,T.,2012年)按照服务主导逻辑,这类企业的服务创新是一个多方合作、共同创造价值的过程,消费者在这一过程中起着举足轻重的作用。(Nam,K.,2010年)因此,在数字化平台上有效整合和分析客户资源,对于服务型制造企业的创新服务非常重要。研究表明,强大的数字化平台集成和分析能力使企业能够更快地在平台上捕获客户的关键信息。(弗雷德里克森,A.,2009)随着这种能力的增强,服务制造企业可以利用数字平台的软硬件支撑,促进价值链中所有参与者的高效协作,更好地处理各类数据,从而快速响应,满足市场需求。 此外,有学者指出,利用数字平台整合和分析客户信息的企业往往更具创新性,能够提供基于数字平台的定制化产品和服务。(莱勒,C.,2018)相反,如果服务型制造企业缺乏数字化融合分析能力,可能无法充分发挥数字化平台的潜力,发挥数字化基础设施的优势,从而制约了服务创新的步伐。

在德鲁克的新经济观点中,企业的创新能力在很大程度上取决于其有效获取外部知识的能力。特别是在当今的数字经济中,数字知识对于以服务为导向的制造商至关重要。除了内部数据,企业还必须深入挖掘、整合、分析和利用外部复杂数据,以获得有价值的见解。数字平台的分析和集成能力对于推动企业创新和增长至关重要。服务型制造企业,作为制造业与服务业深度融合的新型企业模式,其服务创新的核心是以客户为中心。(Schoenherr,T.,2012年)按照服务主导逻辑,这类企业的服务创新是一个多方合作、共同创造价值的过程,消费者在这一过程中起着举足轻重的作用。(Nam,K.,2010年)因此,在数字化平台上有效整合和分析客户资源,对于服务型制造企业的创新服务非常重要。研究表明,强大的数字化平台集成和分析能力使企业能够更快地在平台上捕获客户的关键信息。(弗雷德里克森,A.,2009)随着这种能力的增强,服务制造企业可以利用数字平台的软硬件支撑,促进价值链中所有参与者的高效协作,更好地处理各类数据,从而快速响应,满足市场需求。 此外,有学者指出,利用数字平台整合和分析客户信息的企业往往更具创新性,能够提供基于数字平台的定制化产品和服务。(莱勒,C.,2018)相反,如果服务型制造企业缺乏数字化融合分析能力,可能无法充分发挥数字化平台的潜力,发挥数字化基础设施的优势,从而制约了服务创新的步伐。

Finally, the theory of service innovation emphasizes that the service innovation of enterprises originates from inside and outside the enterprise (Chesbrough,H.,2011). Within the enterprise, employees are encouraged to use platforms to share knowledge, connect with colleagues, and enhance teamwork. By improving digital platform integration and analysis, service-oriented manufacturing companies help employees understand business processes and supply chains, fostering valuable creations and effective innovations. Externally, the digital platform's integration and analysis expand customer information, predict markets accurately, enhance customer experiences, and help customers understand the company's product and service culture, thereby mitigating market risks and boosting service innovation.
最后,服务创新理论强调,企业的服务创新源于企业内部和外部(Chesbrough,H.,2011)。在企业内部,鼓励员工使用平台分享知识、与同事联系并加强团队合作。通过改进数字平台集成和分析,以服务为导向的制造公司帮助员工了解业务流程和供应链,促进有价值的创造和有效的创新。对外,数字化平台的整合和分析扩展了客户信息,准确预测市场,提升了客户体验,帮助客户了解公司的产品和服务文化,从而降低了市场风险,促进了服务创新。

Based on the above discussion we make assumptions:
基于上述讨论,我们做出假设:

H1: The digital platform integration and analysis capability of service-oriented manufacturing SMEs has a positive impact on service innovation.
H1:服务型制造业中小企业的数字化平台集成和分析能力对服务创新具有积极影响。

(2) The relationship between digital platform reconfiguration capability and service innovation of service-oriented manufacturing SMEs
(2)服务型制造型中小企业数字化平台重构能力与服务创新的关系

Digital platform reconfiguration capability refers to the internal process that enterprises use the flexible architecture of digital platforms to reallocate internal and external resources, so as to actively repair and optimize the existing value activities. (Rai,A.,2010) This capability helps enterprises to overcome cognitive and operational difficulties, narrow the capability gap with competitors, and enable enterprises to continuously optimize and upgrade in the ever-changing environment.
数字化平台重构能力是指企业利用数字化平台的灵活架构,对内外部资源进行重新配置,从而主动修复和优化现有价值活动的内部流程。(Rai,A.,2010年)这种能力有助于企业克服认知和运营困难,缩小与竞争对手的能力差距,使企业能够在不断变化的环境中不断优化和升级。

The theory of value co-creation advocates value creation based on the exchange of services between entities, and the deep interaction in the exchange process helps all parties to learn from each other and jointly promote innovation. (Vargo,S.L.,2008) Adopting digital platforms, service-oriented manufacturers with reconfiguration abilities can build digital business models with other platforms using modular design. This allows them to trade, share info, and collaborate with stakeholders, optimizing processes to adapt to new partners/applications. By leveraging platform flexibility, enterprises establish peer-to-peer coordination, transforming offline communication into online/offline multilateral connections, enhancing efficiency, reducing innovation costs, and forming strategic alliances with platform partners to boost productivity, communication, and R&D. (Johnson,M.W.,2010)
价值共创理论倡导基于实体间服务交换的价值创造,交换过程中的深度互动有助于各方相互学习,共同推动创新。(Vargo,S.L.,2008年)采用数字化平台,具有重构能力的服务型厂商可以通过模块化设计与其他平台构建数字化商业模式。这使他们能够与利益相关者进行交易、共享信息和协作,优化流程以适应新的合作伙伴/应用程序。通过利用平台灵活性,企业建立点对点协调,将线下通信转变为线上/线下多边连接,提高效率,降低创新成本,并与平台合作伙伴结成战略联盟,以提高生产力、沟通和研发能力。

Digital platform of openness and transparency, and make the digital platform of service-oriented manufacturing enterprise reconfiguration ability to develop new products for the use of the existing model or new process provide valuable reference. Enterprises can easily obtain customer experience and demand, so as to enhance the competitiveness of new services and accelerate the pace of innovation of service manufacturing enterprises. In addition, based on the extension of Schumpeter's theory, enterprises with digital platform reconfiguration capabilities can modularize digital platforms, and then dynamically integrate them through standardized interfaces according to customers' personalized needs, so as to promote modular configuration and collaboration, so as to realize the disruptive innovation of service-oriented manufacturing enterprises. From the perspective of platform modularization, some scholars believe that modular digital platform provides an effective way for enterprises to reallocate resources, and thus strongly supports enterprises to provide high-quality and diversified innovative products and services. (Jin Shutong et al, 2021) therefore, service-oriented manufacturing enterprise of the digital platform reconfiguration ability stronger, more can enrich enterprise innovation elements about customers, thus promote the realization of disruptive innovation more easily.
数字化平台的公开性和透明性,使数字化平台的服务型制造企业重新配置能力,为现有模式或新工艺开发新产品提供了宝贵的参考。企业可以轻松获得客户体验和需求,从而提升新服务的竞争力,加快服务制造企业的创新步伐。此外,基于熊彼特理论的延伸,具有数字化平台重构能力的企业可以将数字化平台模块化,然后根据客户的个性化需求,通过标准化接口进行动态集成,从而促进模块化配置和协同,从而实现服务型制造企业的颠覆性创新。有学者从平台模块化角度认为,模块化数字平台为企业资源再配置提供了一种有效的途径,从而有力地支持企业提供高质量、多样化的创新产品和服务。(金树通等,2021) 因此,服务型制造企业的数字化平台重构能力更强,更能丰富企业创新要素,从而更容易推动颠覆性创新的实现。

Based on the above discussion, we make the following hypothesis:
基于上述讨论,我们做出以下假设:

H2: The digital platform reconfiguration capability of service-oriented manufacturing SMEs has a positive impact on service innovation.
H2:服务型制造业中小企业数字化平台重构能力对服务创新有积极影响。

4.2.2 a service-oriented manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprise digital platform integration analysis ability and knowledge creation
4.2.2 服务型制造、中小企业数字化平台整合分析能力与知识创造

Firstly, Through digital platform integration and analysis, SMEs in service-oriented manufacturing can derive inspiration for innovative products/services. Customers are both demanders and evaluators of innovation. Using digital platform integration, enterprises can deeply understand consumer preferences and potential demand to predict market trends, provide innovative ideas, improve customer satisfaction, and strengthen competitive advantage. This also shares the enterprise's service concept and new product opportunities, reducing market risks and further activating enterprise innovation.Secondly, Service-oriented manufacturing SMEs integrate and analyze digital information on platforms, including explicit operational knowledge and tacit knowledge from suppliers. The explicit knowledge enables effective communication with partners for business innovation, laying a foundation for knowledge creation. Tacit knowledge, like product details and advantages, strengthens information flow, bridging knowledge gaps and improving enterprise knowledge creation.
首先,通过数字平台整合和分析,服务型制造业的中小企业可以从创新产品/服务中获得灵感。客户既是创新的需求者,也是创新的评估者。通过数字化平台集成,企业可以深入了解消费者偏好和潜在需求,预测市场趋势,提供创新理念,提高客户满意度,增强竞争优势。这也分享了企业的服务理念和新产品机会,降低了市场风险,进一步激活了企业创新。其次,服务型制造业中小企业在平台上整合和分析数字信息,包括来自供应商的显性运营知识和隐性知识。显性知识能够与合作伙伴进行有效的沟通,以实现业务创新,为知识创造奠定基础。隐性知识,如产品细节和优势,可以加强信息流动,弥合知识鸿沟,改善企业知识创造。

Finally, Service-oriented SMEs analyze competitors' digital info via platforms to identify market opportunities and challenges. Info covers HR, finance, product tech, and service patents. This analysis uncovers valuable insights, guiding enterprise development. Studying competitors' successes aids innovation and boosts service product competitiveness. Stronger digital platform integration ability leads to more effective knowledge acquisition and enterprise knowledge creation.Based on the above discussion we make assumptions:
最后,服务型中小企业通过平台分析竞争对手的数字信息,以识别市场机遇和挑战。信息涵盖人力资源、财务、产品技术和服务专利。这种分析揭示了有价值的见解,指导了企业的发展。研究竞争对手的成功有助于创新并提高服务产品的竞争力。更强的数字化平台集成能力,带来更有效的知识获取和企业知识创造。基于上述讨论,我们做出假设:

H3: The digital platform integration and analysis capability of service-oriented manufacturing SMEs has a positive impact on knowledge creation.
H3:服务型制造业中小企业的数字化平台整合和分析能力对知识创造具有积极影响。

4.2.3 Digital platform reconfiguration capability and knowledge creation of service-oriented manufacturing SMEs
4.2.3 服务型制造型中小企业的数字化平台重构能力和知识创造

Firstly, the universality of the reconfiguration capability of digital platforms significantly improves the efficiency of knowledge creation. This universality is reflected in the unified infrastructure adopted by the subsystems of platform design, which enables service-oriented manufacturing SMEs to directly utilize various functions on the platform without having to re-develop for knowledge collection (Attour,A.,2016). Digital platforms enable enterprises to swiftly gather diverse info and knowledge, explore new markets, and attract customers, minimizing search time. The common modules offer ready components for quick innovation, accelerating knowledge creation. The platform's compatibility, with standardized interfaces, enables seamless connectivity and knowledge sharing with partners, broadening knowledge acquisition channels. Its scalability further deepens knowledge creation. This scalability means that digital platforms reserve necessary system interfaces for enterprises, enabling enterprises to flexibly expand the platform architecture according to development needs, showing strong plasticity and adaptability (Yoo,Y.,2010). Based on this feature, service-oriented manufacturing SMEs can put the initial knowledge creation results into the market for testing, and make continuous improvement on the original basis according to the market feedback such as customers, so as to improve the accuracy of marketing. In addition, when enterprises find new business opportunities, they can also update or correct old knowledge on the digital platform in time, which not only reduces the risk of knowledge transformation, but also excavates the depth of knowledge creation.
首先,数字平台重构能力的普遍性显著提高了知识创造的效率。这种普遍性体现在平台设计子系统采用的统一基础设施中,这使得面向服务的制造中小企业能够直接利用平台上的各种功能,而不必重新开发知识收集(Attour,A.,2016)。数字平台使企业能够快速收集各种信息和知识,开拓新市场并吸引客户,从而最大限度地减少搜索时间。通用模块为快速创新提供了现成的组件,加速了知识创造。该平台具有标准化接口的兼容性,可实现与合作伙伴的无缝连接和知识共享,从而拓宽知识获取渠道。它的可扩展性进一步深化了知识创造。这种可扩展性意味着数字平台为企业预留了必要的系统接口,使企业能够根据发展需求灵活扩展平台架构,表现出较强的可塑性和适应性(Yoo,Y.,2010)。基于这一特点,服务型制造型中小企业可以将初期的知识创造成果投入市场进行检验,并根据客户等市场反馈,在原有的基础上进行持续改进,从而提高营销的精准性。此外,企业在发现新的商机时,还可以在数字平台上及时更新或纠正旧知识,既降低了知识转化的风险,又挖掘了知识创造的深度。

Based on the above discussion, we formulate the following hypothesis:
基于上述讨论,我们提出了以下假设:

H4: the digital platform reconfiguration capability of service-oriented manufacturing SMEs has a positive impact on knowledge creation.
H4:服务型制造业中小企业的数字平台重构能力对知识创造具有积极影响。

4.2.4 Knowledge creation and service innovation
4.2.4 知识创造与服务创新

First of all, fom an epistemological view, knowledge creation transforms explicit and tacit knowledge. Service-oriented SMEs integrate external explicit knowledge into tacit knowledge through teamwork and innovation. Internal tacit knowledge is then transformed into explicit knowledge through communication, generating new knowledge. Enterprises analyze customer characteristics to define consumption patterns, guiding strategic direction. They also select complementary partners to establish solid relationships, promoting business optimization.Service-oriented SMEs should analyze competitors' marketing models and product positioning, learn from their strengths, and actively acquire beneficial information to gain market advantages. Knowledge creation is crucial for such enterprises, aiding in market understanding, strategic positioning, partner collaboration, and competitor learning. Ultimately, this knowledge fuels service innovation and creates new opportunities.Secondly, knowledge creation drives individual and group innovation, with group knowledge relying on individual contributions. As individuals are motivated, their knowledge is amplified and consolidated, forming new, higher-level information. Corporate group knowledge emerges from the interplay of external and internal information, catalyzing knowledge creation and sparking new business activities. Mehrabani (2012) argues this not only enhances employee efficiency and creativity, but also optimizes business processes and structures, laying a solid foundation for innovative products and services.
首先,从认识论的角度来看,知识创造转换了显性和隐性知识。服务型中小企业通过团队合作和创新,将外部显性知识融入隐性知识。然后,通过沟通将内部隐性知识转化为显性知识,从而产生新的知识。企业分析客户特征,确定消费模式,指导战略方向。他们还选择互补的合作伙伴来建立稳固的关系,促进业务优化。服务型中小企业应分析竞争对手的营销模式和产品定位,借鉴优势,积极获取有益信息,获得市场优势。知识创造对于此类企业至关重要,有助于了解市场、战略定位、合作伙伴协作和了解竞争对手。最终,这些知识推动了服务创新并创造了新的机会。其次,知识创造带动个人和群体创新,群体知识依赖于个人的贡献。当个人受到激励时,他们的知识就会被放大和巩固,形成新的、更高层次的信息。企业集团知识产生于外部和内部信息的相互作用,催化知识创造并激发新的业务活动。Mehrabani(2012)认为,这不仅提高了员工的效率和创造力,还优化了业务流程和结构,为创新产品和服务奠定了坚实的基础。

Finally, knowledge creation is divided into five stages: sharing tacit knowledge, creating concepts, verifying concepts, building prototypes and transferring knowledge. after collecting info via digital platforms, service-oriented manufacturers integrate and screen new knowledge for service innovation trials. This testing identifies issues, prompting optimization. Kreisere found that knowledge trials reduce trial-and-error costs, enhance decision-making accuracy, and aid in identifying customer needs, partner resources, and competitor market feedback.And promote the service innovation of enterprises (Kreiser,P.M.,2011).
最后,知识创造分为五个阶段:分享隐性知识、创造概念、验证概念、构建原型和转移知识。通过数字平台收集信息后,服务型制造商整合和筛选新知识,进行服务创新试验。此测试可识别问题,提示优化。Kreisere 发现,知识试验可以降低试错成本,提高决策准确性,并有助于识别客户需求、合作伙伴资源和竞争对手的市场反馈。促进企业服务创新(Kreiser,P.M.,2011)。

Based on the above discussion, we make the following assumptions:
基于上述讨论,我们做出以下假设:

H5: Knowledge creation of service-oriented manufacturing SMEs has a positive impact on service innovation.
H5:服务型制造业中小企业的知识创造对服务创新有积极影响。

4.2.5 Mediating effect of knowledge creation
4.2.5 知识创造的中介作用

Based on the above analysis, we can further infer that digital platforms of service-oriented manufacturing SMEs integrate analytical capabilities and digital platform reconfiguration capabilities to drive service innovation by enhancing knowledge creation. From a resource-based perspective, a firm's resources are vital for maintaining competitive advantage. Digital platforms enable service-oriented SMEs to collect and analyze external customer, partner, and competitor data, extracting valuable information. However, this data requires processing and systematic analysis to transform into decision-making insights. Knowledge creation is crucial in this, helping SMEs grasp customer needs, explore partner resources, and understand market feedback. This knowledge aids in strategy adjustment, product optimization, and service improvements, leading to customer-centric products and enhanced service innovation. The digital platform's reconfiguration capability accelerates knowledge creation, broadening its scope and depth. This improves SMEs' internal operations and external market positioning, fostering technological progress, process optimization, and further stimulating service innovation.Based on the above analysis, hypotheses are proposed as follows:
基于上述分析,我们可以进一步推断,服务型制造业中小企业的数字化平台整合了分析能力和数字化平台重构能力,通过增强知识创造来驱动服务创新。从基于资源的角度来看,公司的资源对于保持竞争优势至关重要。数字平台使以服务为导向的中小企业能够收集和分析外部客户、合作伙伴和竞争对手的数据,提取有价值的信息。然而,这些数据需要处理和系统分析才能转化为决策见解。在这方面,知识创造至关重要,可以帮助中小企业把握客户需求,探索合作伙伴资源,并了解市场反馈。这些知识有助于战略调整、产品优化和服务改进,从而实现以客户为中心的产品和增强的服务创新。数字平台的重新配置能力加速了知识创造,扩大了其范围和深度。这改善了中小企业的内部运营和对外市场定位,促进了技术进步,优化了流程,进一步刺激了服务创新。基于上述分析,提出如下假设:

H6: Knowledge creation plays a mediating role between digital platform integration analysis capability and service innovation in service-oriented manufacturing SMEs
H6:在服务型制造业中小企业中,知识创造在数字平台集成分析能力与服务创新之间起中介作用
.

H7: Knowledge creation plays a mediating role between digital platform reconfiguration capability and service innovation in service-oriented manufacturing SMEs
H7:在服务型制造业中小企业中,知识创造在数字平台重构能力和服务创新之间起着中介作用
.

4.2.6 Moderating effect of environmental uncertainty
4.2.6 环境不确定性的调节作用

First of all, In uncertain environments, predicting consumer demand is challenging, hampering enterprises' capture of real market needs. Service innovation then relies on trial and error. While SMEs leverage digital platforms to acquire knowledge, internal adaptation lags, missing innovation opportunities. Conversely, in stable environments, SMEs have more time to select, integrate, and test knowledge, fostering collaboration and boosting service innovation success rates. High complexity and dynamics weaken the impact of knowledge creation on service innovation.
首先,在不确定的环境下,预测消费者需求具有挑战性,阻碍了企业对真实市场需求的把握。然后,服务创新依赖于反复试验。虽然中小企业利用数字平台获取知识,但内部适应滞后,错失了创新机会。相反,在稳定的环境中,中小企业有更多时间选择、整合和测试知识,促进协作,提高服务创新成功率。高度的复杂性和动态性削弱了知识创造对服务创新的影响。

Secondly, With information and knowledge sharing, enterprises' competitive advantages are vulnerable to imitation. In a fiercely competitive, uncertain environment, differentiated services and products are key to gaining customer recognition and market share. Service-oriented manufacturers' reconfiguration abilities enhance knowledge creation speed, width, and depth, but require time and resources. Deep knowledge insight fuels innovation to counter strong competitors. However, uncertainty hikes service innovation resource coordination costs, reduces allocation efficiency, disrupts strategic decision-making, and slows innovation. Thus, in a highly competitive, uncertain environment, knowledge creation's impact on service innovation is weakened.
其次,随着信息共享和知识共享,企业的竞争优势容易被模仿。在竞争激烈、充满不确定性的环境中,差异化的服务和产品是获得客户认可和市场份额的关键。以服务为导向的制造商的重新配置能力提高了知识创造的速度、宽度和深度,但需要时间和资源。深厚的知识洞察力推动创新,以对抗强大的竞争对手。然而,不确定性会提高服务创新资源协调成本,降低配置效率,扰乱战略决策,减缓创新速度。因此,在竞争激烈、不确定的环境中,知识创造对服务创新的影响被削弱了。

Finally, COVID-19's environmental uncertainty impacts service innovation. The pandemic shifted the market, requiring service-oriented manufacturers to reassess customer needs, diversify trading methods, restructure value networks, and explore new markets. While digital platforms provide external customer data, established partnerships, marketing channels, and trading mechanisms struggle to adapt to dynamic consumer demands, limiting service innovation effectiveness. In a complex market, knowledge creation's impact on service innovation weakens.Based on the above analysis, the following hypotheses are proposed:
最后,COVID-19 的环境不确定性影响了服务创新。疫情改变了市场,要求以服务为导向的制造商重新评估客户需求,多样化交易方式,重组价值网络,开拓新市场。虽然数字平台提供外部客户数据,但已建立的合作伙伴关系、营销渠道和交易机制难以适应不断变化的消费者需求,限制了服务创新的有效性。在复杂的市场中,知识创造对服务创新的影响减弱。基于上述分析,提出了以下假设:

H8: Environmental uncertainty has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between knowledge creation and service innovation.
H8:环境不确定性对知识创造与服务创新的关系具有负向调节作用。

5. Empirical research on the impact of digital platform capability on service innovation of small and medium-sized service-oriented manufacturing enterprises
5. 数字平台能力对服务型制造型中小企业服务创新影响的实证研究

5.1 Source of Samples
5.1 样品来源

A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed in 32 months. After eliminating invalid questionnaires such as short response time, obvious contradiction of answers, missing numbers and repeated questionnaires, 416 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 92.4%. The variable measurement of the communist party of China contain 25 item, item and in proportion to the number of valid questionnaires for 1:16. 64, greater than the ratio of 1:10, obtain the number of samples has reached to test the effectiveness of the questionnaire. Questionnaire to collect the sample information including respondents company position, working years, fixed number of year of the establishment of the company, the company size, the nature of the company, as well as the company's cooperation with other companies are experienced, the following specific analysis of the six aspects.
在32个月内共分发了450份问卷。剔除回复时间短、答案矛盾明显、编号缺失、重复问卷等无效问卷后,有效问卷回收416份,有效回收率为92.4%。中国共产党的变量计量包含25个项目,项目和有效问卷数量的比例为1:16。64、大于1:10的比例,得到的样本数量已达到检验问卷的有效性。调查问卷收集的样本资料包括受访者公司职位、工作年限、公司成立的固定年数、公司规模、公司性质,以及公司与其他公司合作的经验,以下具体分析六个方面。

Position of the Company
公司地位

从公司职位问卷样本可以看出,有效样本中公司高管和研发部中高级管理人员的问卷数量为152份,占比36.6%,表明参与企业战略制定和核心产品研发的受访者占有效样本的36.6%。他们比其他中高层领导更熟悉企业的服务创新。市场部中高级管理人员和销售部中高级管理人员的问卷数量为199份,占比47.9%,表明参与问卷调查的受访者占有效样本的47.9%,是了解新产品或服务投放市场后反应最快的。其他部门中高层管理人员问卷数量为65份,占比15.6%。因此,问卷调查中受访者的位置分布是合理的。
从公司职位问卷样本可以看出,有效样本中公司高管和研发部中高级管理人员的问卷数量为152份,占比36.6%,表明参与企业战略制定和核心产品研发的受访者占有效样本的36.6%。他们比其他中高层领导更熟悉企业的服务创新。市场部中高级管理人员和销售部中高级管理人员的问卷数量为199份,占比47.9%,表明参与问卷调查的受访者占有效样本的47.9%,是了解新产品或服务投放市场后反应最快的。其他部门中高层管理人员问卷数量为65份,占比15.6%。因此,问卷调查中受访者的位置分布是合理的。

从公司职位问卷样本可以看出,有效样本中公司高管和研发部中高级管理人员的问卷数量为152份,占比36.6%,表明参与企业战略制定和核心产品研发的受访者占有效样本的36.6%。他们比其他中高层领导更熟悉企业的服务创新。市场部中高级管理人员和销售部中高级管理人员的问卷数量为199份,占比47.9%,表明参与问卷调查的受访者占有效样本的47.9%,是了解新产品或服务投放市场后反应最快的。其他部门中高层管理人员问卷数量为65份,占比15.6%。因此,问卷调查中受访者的位置分布是合理的。

Table4.1 您在公司中的职位
表4.1 您在公司中的职位

表4.1 您在公司中的职位

您在公司的职位
您在公司的职位

您在公司的职位

频率
频率

频率

百分之
百分之

百分之

Effective percentage
有效百分比

Cumulative percentage
累计百分比

Senior management of the company
公司高级管理层

49

11.8

11.8

11.8

Senior management in R&D department
研发部高级管理人员

103

24.8

24.8

36.5

Senior management in Marketing Department
市场部高级管理人员

106

25.5

25.5

62.0

Senior management in sales department
销售部高级管理人员

93

22.4

22.4

84.4

Senior management in other departments
其他部门高级管理人员

65

15.6

15.6

100.0

Total

416

100.0

100.0

Years of employment
工作年限

From the questionnaire samples of working years, it can be seen that the valid samples are concentrated in 1-3 years, 3-5 years and 5-8 years, accounting for 70.2%. These samples have certain working experience, are proficient in business processes and have a clear understanding of the company's internal management structure. There are 59 valid samples of more than 8 years, accounting for 14.2%. There were 59 valid samples with more than eight years, accounting for 14.2%, and 64 respondents with less than one year, accounting for 15.4%. Therefore, the distribution of respondents' working years in the company in the questionnaire survey is reasonable.
从工作年限的问卷样本可以看出,有效样本集中在1-3年、3-5年和5-8年,占比为70.2%。这些样本有一定的工作经验,精通业务流程,对公司内部管理结构有清晰的认识。8年以上有效样本59个,占比14.2%。有效样本8年以上59人,占14.2%,1年以下有效样本64人,占15.4%。因此,问卷调查中受访者在公司工作年限的分布是合理的。

Table 4.2 Frequency statistics of your years of employment with the company
表 4.2 您在公司工作的频率统计

Years of employment with the company
在公司工作年限

Frequency
频率

Percent
百分之

Effective percentage
有效百分比

Cumulative percentage
累计百分比

Less than a year
不到一年

64

15.4

15.4

15.4

1-3 years
1-3年

105

25.2

25.2

40.6

3-5 years
3-5年

104

25.0

25.0

65.6

5-8 years
5-8岁

84

20.2

20.2

85.8

More than 8 years
8年以上

59

14.2

14.2

100.0

Total

416

100.0

100.0

Number of years since the company was established
公司成立年数

It can be seen from the samples of company establishment years that the most effective samples are 1-5 years and 5-10 years or more, accounting for 65.9% in total. Most of the enterprises with 10 years or more are service-oriented manufacturing SMEs that are relatively mature and started to try digital platform innovation earlier. Therefore, the distribution of the years of establishment of the enterprises interviewed in the questionnaire survey is reasonable.
从公司成立年份的样本可以看出,最有效的样本是1-5年和5-10年以上,合计占65.9%。10年以上的企业大多是服务型制造型中小企业,相对成熟,较早开始尝试数字平台创新。因此,问卷调查中受访企业的成立年限分布合理。

Table 4.3 The age of your company (up to 2023) frequency statistics
表 4.3 贵公司年龄(截至 2023 年)频率统计

The age of your company (up to 2023) frequency statistics
贵公司的年龄(截至 2023 年)频率统计

Frequency
频率

Percent
百分之

Effective percentage
有效百分比

Cumulative percentage
累计百分比

1 year and below (excluding 1 year)
1年及以下(不含1年)

73

17.5

17.5

17.5

1-5 years (excluding 5 years)
1-5年(5年除外)

151

36.3

36.3

53.8

5-10 years (excluding 10 years)
5-10年(10年除外)

123

29.6

29.6

83.4

10 years and above
10岁及以上

69

16.6

16.6

100.0

Total

416

100.0

100.0

Company size
公司规模

From the sample of company size, it can be seen that the number of effective samples accounted for the largest proportion of 101-150 people, with the number of samples being 113, accounting for 27.4%, followed by 51-100 people, with the number of samples being 113, accounting for 27.2%, indicating that the size of the enterprises interviewed in the questionnaire is in line with the characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, the size distribution of the respondent enterprises in the questionnaire survey is reasonable.
从企业规模的样本可以看出,有效样本数量占比最大,为101-150人,样本数量为113人,占比27.4%,其次是51-100人,样本数量为113人,占比27.2%,说明问卷调查对象企业规模符合中小企业特点。因此,问卷调查中受访企业的规模分布是合理的。

Table 4.4 Statistics of the size and frequency of the staff in your company
表4.4 贵公司员工人数和频率统计

Statistics of the size and frequency of the staff in your company
贵公司员工规模和频率的统计数据

Frequency
频率

Percent
百分之

Effective percentage
有效百分比

Cumulative percentage
累计百分比

Less than 50 people
少于50人

49

11.8

11.8

11.8

51-100 people
51-100人

113

27.2

27.2

38.9

101-150 people
101-150人

114

27.4

27.4

66.3

151-200 people
151-200人

90

21.6

21.6

88.0

More than 200 people
200多人

50

12.0

12.0

100.0

Total

416

100.0

100.0

The Company's experience working with other companies
公司与其他公司合作的经验

As can be seen from the samples, the largest number of valid questionnaires is very Rich, with 126 samples, accounting for 30.3%, followed by Rich, with 124 samples, accounting for 29.8%. It shows that the enterprises surveyed by the questionnaire have a good degree of cooperation with external customers and suppliers, have the desire of service innovation, and meet the conditions of service innovation. Therefore, the degree of cooperation between the companies in the survey and other companies is reasonable.
从样本中可以看出,有效问卷数量最多的是非常丰富,有126个样本,占比30.3%,其次是里奇,有124个样本,占比29.8%。调查问卷调查的企业与外部客户和供应商的合作程度较好,有服务创新的愿望,符合服务创新的条件。因此,调查中的公司与其他公司之间的合作程度是合理的。

Table 4.5 frequency statistics of Your company's experience with other companies (organizations)
表4.5 贵公司与其他公司(组织)经验的频率统计

Your company's experience with other companies (organizations) frequency statistics
贵公司与其他公司(组织)的经验频率统计

Frequency
频率

Percent
百分之

Effective percentage
有效百分比

Cumulative percentage
累计百分比

Very lacking
非常缺乏

37

8.9

8.9

8.9

Not rich
不富裕

64

15.4

15.4

24.3

Normal
正常

65

15.6

15.6

39.9

Abundant
丰富

124

29.8

29.8

69.7

Very rich
非常丰富

126

30.3

30.3

100.0

Total

416

100.0

100.0

5.2 Data Analysis
5.2 数据分析

5.2.1 Reliability test
5.2.1 可靠性试验

The reliability test aims to evaluate the reliability and reliability of the questionnaire, including the consistency, consistency, reproducibility and stability of the questionnaire. Cronbach s Alpha 'coefficient is usually used to measure the validity of questionnaires. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, and the higher the value, the better the reliability of questionnaires. In this study, Cronbach s Alpha 'coefficient was used to analyze the reliability of the five scales, and the results showed that the reliability of all scales was higher than 0.7, indicating that the five scales of the questionnaire had good consistency and reliability. The five scales are digital platform integration and analysis ability, digital platform reconfiguration ability, service innovation, knowledge creation and environmental uncertainty. The specific results are shown in Table 4.6.
信度测试旨在评价问卷的信度和信度,包括问卷的一致性、一致性、再现性和稳定性。Cronbach 的 Alpha '系数通常用于衡量问卷的有效性。系数范围为0-1,值越高,问卷信度越高。本研究采用Cronbach s Alpha'系数对5个量表的信度进行分析,结果显示,所有量表的信度均高于0.7,表明问卷的5个量表具有较好的一致性和信度。这五个尺度分别是数字平台整合分析能力、数字平台重构能力、服务创新、知识创造和环境不确定性。具体结果如表4.6所示。

Table 4.6 Cronbach s Alpha 'coefficients for the variables
表 4.6 变量的 Cronbach s Alpha '系数

Item
项目

Number of problems
问题数量

Cronbach s Alpha
Cronbach s 阿尔法

Digital platforms integrate analytics capabilities
数字平台集成了分析功能

4

0.774

Digital platform reconfiguration capability
数字平台重配置能力

4

0.871

Service innovation
服务创新

6

0.883

知识创造

5

0.742

环境不确定性

6

0.852

5.2.2 效度分析

采用SPSS26.0软件对问卷变量进行探索性因子分析,发现数字平台整合分析能力、数字平台重构能力、服务创新、知识创造和环境不确定性的KMO值均高于0.7,Bartlett球形检验的P值均小于0.001。这意味着五个量表可以进行验证性因素分析,具体结果如表4.7所示

4.7 KMO 和 Bartlett 检验

规模

KMO公司

Bartlett 球形度试验

近似卡方值

东风

SIG系列

数字平台集成了分析功能

0.79

427.245

6

0.00

数字平台重配置能力

0.833

830.419

10

0.00

服务创新

0.879

722.421

15

0.00

知识创造

0.911

748.712

10

0.00

环境不确定性

0.822

877.622

15

0.00

5.2.3 相关性分析

在检验数字平台能力对业务创新的机理之前,需要利用SPSS26.0对数字平台集成分析能力、数字平台重构能力、服务创新、知识创造和环境不确定性进行描述性统计和关联分析,检验均值、标准差和相关系数是否存在显著偏差, 从而保证结果的可靠性。根据表4.8中的结果,可以得出结论,各变量的均值和标准差均与期望值一致,且各变量间系数小于0.7,说明变量之间不存在共线性,因此可以进行回归分析。

Table 4.8 Descriptive statistical analysis and correlation coefficient matrix
表4.8 描述性统计分析及相关系数矩阵

Variable
变量

Mean value
平均值

SD

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1.Company life
1.公司生活

3.31

0.747

1.00

2.Company size
2.公司规模

2.26

0.817

0.216 * *

1

3.Experience in working with other companies
3.有与其他公司合作的经验

3.75

1.143

0.154 * *

0.034

1

4.Digital platforms integrate analytics capabilities
4.数字平台集成分析能力

15.46

3.345

0.247 * *

0.243 * *

0.033

1

5.Digital platform reconfiguration capability
5.数字化平台重配置能力

14.52

4.033

0.099 * *

0.106 *

0.010

0.014

1

6.Service innovation
6.服务创新

22.44

5.156

0.045

0.095

0.019

0.108 *

0.364 * *

1

7.Knowledge creation
7.知识创造

20.34

3.177

0.035

0.057

0.007

0.049

0.374 * *

0.253 * *

1

8.Environmental uncertainty
8.环境不确定性

23.99

4.426

0.062

0.100 *

0.057

0.038

0.319 * *

0.257 * *

0.269 * *

1

5.2.4 Main effects and preliminary tests

The regression sample of this study is 416, which has passed the reliability and validity test and met the conditions of regression. Based on the theoretical models and assumptions, using SPSS26.0 to return to the main effects between variables, specific results are as follows:
本研究的回归样本为416,通过信效度检验,满足回归条件。基于理论模型和假设,使用SPSS26.0回归变量间主效应,具体结果如下:

The relationship between digital platform capability and service innovation and knowledge creation is tested
测试数字平台能力与服务创新和知识创造的关系

Table 4.9 reports the regression results of digital platform capabilities, knowledge creation and service innovation. To test digital platform can force the relationship between knowledge creation, service innovation, using SPSS26.0, build the M1 and M2 to explore the relationship between the digital platform and service innovation, build the M3 and M4 to explore the relationship between digital platform ability and knowledge creation, through linear regression to determine the relationship between the variables. M1 explored the relationship between the control variables company age, company size, company nature, company's cooperation experience with other companies and service innovation. The results are shown in M1 in Table 4.9. Based on this, M2 introduced two dimensions of digital platform capability, namely, digital platform integration and analysis capability and digital platform reconfiguration capability. This paper explores the relationship between digital platform capability and service innovation, and the results are shown in M2 of Table 4.9. Comparing the results of M1 and M2, it can be found that the R2 value of M2 (0.170) is 0.15 higher than that of M12 (0.022), which indicates that the regression fitting degree of M2 is better and the model has stronger explanatory power. Secondly, the M2 value F (F = 13.680, P 0.001) significantly, inspection of the M2, the whole model, the result is good. According to M2, the digital platform integration and analysis capability in digital platform capability has a significantly positive impact on service innovation (= 0.514, P 0.001), which supports Hypothesis H1. The digital platform reconfiguration capability in digital platform capability has a significantly positive impact on service innovation (= 0.273, P 0.001), which supports Hypothesis H2.

M3 discusses the control variable age, company size, company and other company cooperation experience and knowledge creation, the relationship between the results as shown in table 4.9 M3, M4, on the basis of the introduction of digital platform ability two dimensions, respectively is a digital platform integration analysis ability and the ability to reconfigure digital platform, To explore the relationship between digital platform capability and knowledge creation, and the results are shown in M4 of Table 4.9. Comparing the results of M3 and M4, it can be found that the R2 value of M4 (0.164) is 0.158 higher than that of M32 (0.006), which indicates that the regression fitting degree of M4 is better and the model has stronger explanatory power. Secondly, the F value of M4 (F =13.128, P 0.001) is significant, indicating that the test of the whole model of M4 is significant and the effect is good. According to M4, the digital platform integration and analysis ability in the digital platform capability has a significantly positive impact on knowledge creation (= 0.420, P 0.001), which supports Hypothesis H3. The digital platform reconfiguration ability in the digital platform capability has a significantly positive impact on knowledge creation (= 0.139, P 0.001), support the hypothesis H4.

Table 9 The regression results of digital platform capability on service innovation and knowledge creation
表9 数字平台能力对服务创新和知识创造的回归结果

Service innovation
服务创新

Knowledge creation
知识创造

Model

M1

M2

M3

M4

Company life
公司生活

0.034

0.468

0.075

0.31

Company size
公司规模

0.615

0.114

0.251

0.134

Experience in working with other companies
有与其他公司合作的经验

0.495 *

0.353

0.157

0.036

Digital platforms integrate analytics capabilities
数字平台集成了分析功能

0.514 * * *

0.420 * * *

Digital platform reconfiguration capability
数字平台重配置能力

0.273 * * *

0.139 * * *

R2

0.022

0.17

0.006

0.164

Adjusted R2
调整后的 R 2

0.012

0.157

0.004

0.152

F

2.218

12.680 * * *

0.613

13.128 * * *

Note: * P 0.05, ** P 0.01, *** P 0.001, N = 416.
注:* P 0.05, ** P 0.01, *** P 0.001, N = 416。

(2) Relationship between digital platform capability and knowledge creation
(2)数字平台能力与知识创造的关系

Table 4.10 reports the regression results of knowledge creation and service innovation. In order to test the relationship between knowledge creation and service innovation, SPSS26.0 was used to construct M5 and M6 to explore the relationship between knowledge creation and service innovation, and linear regression was used to judge the relationship between variables. M5 discusses the control variable age, company size, company property, company and other company cooperation experience and service innovation, the relationship between the results as shown in table 4.10 the M5, M6 on the basis of introducing the knowledge creation, knowledge creation and the relationship between service innovation and the results as shown in table 4.16 the M6. By comparing the results of M5 and M6, it can be found that the R2 value of M6 (0.113) is 0.091 higher than that of M52 (0.022), which indicates that the regression fitting degree of M6 is better and the explanatory power of the model is stronger. Secondly, the F value of M6 (F =10.264, P 0.001) is significant, indicating that the test of the whole model of M6 has significance and good effect. According to M6, knowledge creation has a significant positive impact on service innovation (= 0.422, P 0.001), which supports Hypothesis H5.

Table 4.10 The regression result of knowledge creation to service innovation
表4.10 知识创造向服务创新的回归结果

Service innovation
服务创新

Model

M5

M6

Company life
公司生活

0.034

0.003

Company size
公司规模

0.615

0.509

Experience in working with other companies
有与其他公司合作的经验

0.495 *

0.429 *

Knowledge creation
知识创造

0.422 * * *

R2

0.022

0.113

Adjusted R2
调整后的 R 2

0.012

0.102

F

2.218

10.264 * * *

Note: * P 0.05, ** P 0.01, *** P 0.001, N = 416.
注:* P 0.05, ** P 0.01, *** P 0.001, N = 416。

4.2.5 Mediation test
4.2.5 中介测试

The study has been completed the main effect of inspection, confirmed digital platform of service innovation, knowledge creation has a positive effect, on this basis, adopt zhong-lin wen intermediary effect testing method is put forward, to verify the mediating role of knowledge creation (zhong-lin wen et al., 2004). The first step is to test whether the integration and analysis capability of digital platform has a significant impact on service innovation. If there is no significant impact, it indicates no mediating effect. The second step is to test whether the integration and analysis ability of digital platforms has a significant impact on knowledge creation, observe whether the coefficient of knowledge creation is 0, if it is 0, it indicates no mediating effect, if it is not 0, the third step is carried out; The third step is to test whether knowledge creation has a significant impact on service innovation. If the regression coefficient of knowledge creation is not significant, it indicates that it is a complete intermediary; if the regression coefficient of knowledge creation is significant and not 0, it indicates that there is a partial intermediary effect; if the regression coefficient of digital platform integration and analysis ability is significant and smaller than the corresponding regression coefficient in the first step, the third step is to test whether knowledge creation has a significant impact on service innovation. Suggests that knowledge creation in the digital platform integration analysis ability and partial mediation effect between service innovation. This research use SPSS macro program Process were analyzed, and the test of knowledge creation in the digital platform integration analysis to intermediary effect between force and service innovation, choose the M4, concrete results as shown in table 4.11. The results showed that the variables in the M2 digital platform integration analysis ability have a positive impact on the dependent variable service innovation (= 0.514), and believe it is [0.451, 0.776] between area, does not contain 0, coefficient significantly positive, the second step can be performed.
该研究已经完成了对主要效果的检查,确认了数字平台对服务创新、知识创造具有积极作用,在此基础上,提出了采用中林温中介效应测试方法,验证了知识创造的中介作用(中林温等,2004)。第一步是检验数字平台的集成和分析能力是否对业务创新产生显著影响。如果没有显著的影响,则表明没有中介作用。第二步是检验数字平台的整合分析能力是否对知识创造有显著影响,观察知识创造系数是否为0,如果为0则表示无中介作用,若不为0,则进行第三步;第三步是检验知识创造是否对服务创新有显著影响。如果知识创造的回归系数不显著,则说明它是一个完整的中介;如果知识创造的回归系数显著且不为0,则表明存在部分中介效应;如果数字平台集成分析能力的回归系数显著且小于第一步中相应的回归系数,则第三步是检验知识创造是否对服务创新产生显著影响。表明知识创造在数字平台整合分析能力与服务创新之间的部分中介效应。 本研究采用SPSS宏观程序流程进行分析,并测试了知识创造在数字平台中的集成分析,以中介效应为力与服务创新,选择M4,具体结果如表4.11所示。结果表明,变量在M2数字平台集成分析能力中对因变量服务创新有正向影响(= 0.514),并认为其面积为[0.451,0.776],不含0,系数显著为正,可进行第二步。
In M4, the independent variable of digital platform integration and analysis capability has a positive impact on the mediating variable knowledge creation (= 0.420), and the confidence interval is [0.361,0.595], which does not include 0, indicating that the coefficient is significantly positive, so the third step can be conducted.
在M4中,数字平台整合分析能力的自变量对中介变量知识创造有正向影响(= 0.420),置信区间为[0.361,0.595],不含0,表示系数显著为正,可进行第三步。
M7 intermediary variable on the dependent variable knowledge creation in service innovation Has a positive influence on (= 0.283), and the confidence interval for the [0.149, 0.417], does not contain 0, then comparing the M2 and M7 variables in digital platform integration analysis ability on the dependent variable coefficient of the influence of service innovation,
M7中介变量对服务创新中知识创造的因变量有正向影响(= 0.283),且置信区间为[0.149,0.417]不含0,则比较M2和M7变量在数字平台整合分析能力上对服务创新影响的因变量系数,
It is found that after adding the mediating variable knowledge creation, the regression coefficient of the independent variable digital platform integration and analysis capability decreases significantly from 0.514 to 0.478, indicating that knowledge creation plays a partial mediating role between digital platform integration and analysis capability and service innovation, which supports Hypothesis H6.
研究发现,加入中介变量知识创造后,自变量数字平台整合与分析能力的回归系数从0.514显著降低到0.478,表明知识创造在数字平台集成分析能力与服务创新之间起部分中介作用,支持假设H6。

Table 4.11 The mediating effect of knowledge creation between digital platform integration analysis ability and service innovation
表4.11 数字平台集成分析能力与服务创新之间的知识创造中介效应

Variable
变量

Knowledge creation
知识创造

Service innovation
服务创新

Service innovation
服务创新

M4

95%CI
95%置信区间

M2

95%CI
95%置信区间

M7

95%CI
95%置信区间

Company life
公司生活

0.31

[0.777, 0.195]

0.468

[1.122, 0.241]

0.353

[1.018, 0.311]

Company size
公司规模

0.134

[0.553, 0.315]

0.114

[0.464, 0.743]

0.173

[0.419, 0.765]

有与其他公司合作的经验

0.036

[0.295, 0.307]

0.353

[0.117, 0.721]

0.3

[0.111, 0.711]

数字平台集成了分析功能

0.420 * * *

[0.361, 0.595]

0.514 * * *

[0.451, 0.776]

0.478 * * *

[0.306, 0.650]

知识创造

0.283 * * *

[0.149, 0.417]

指数

R2= 0.144,

R2= 0.139,

R2= 0.175,

F = 13.507 * * *

F = 13.002 * * *

F = 12.155 * * *

中介代理

影响

BootSE

引导LLCI

引导LLCI

总效果

0.613

0.083

0.451

0.776

直接影响

0.478

0.087

0.306

0.65

间接影响

0.135

0.044

0.056

0.226

表4.12检验了数字平台重构能力自变量与服务创新因变量之间中介变量知识创造的中介作用。结果表明:M2中数字平台集成分析能力的自变量对服务创新的因变量有正向影响(= 0.273),置信区间为[0.229,0.470],不含0,表明系数显著为正,可进行第二步。在M4中,自变量数字平台重构能力对中介变量知识创造有正向影响(= 0.139),置信区间为[0.143,0.319],其中不含0,表示系数显著为正,可进行第三步。 在M8中,中介变量知识创造对因变量服务创新有正向影响(= 0.350),置信区间为[0.220,0.479],不包括0。通过比较M2和M8中自变量数字平台重构能力对因变量服务创新的影响系数,发现在加入中介变量知识创造后,数字平台重构能力自变量的回归系数从0.273显著降低到0.269,表明知识创造具有部分中介效应数字平台重构能力和服务创新,支持假设H7。

4.12 数字平台重构能力与服务创新之间的知识创造中介作用

变量

知识创造

服务创新

服务创新

M4型

95%置信区间

米2

95%置信区间

M8系列

95%置信区间

公司生活

0.31

[0.530, 0.470]

0.468

[0.809, 0.559]

0.115

[0.777, 0.547]

公司规模

0.134

[0.292, 0.596]

0.114

[0.143, 1.072]

0.411

[0.177, 1.000]

有与其他公司合作的经验

0.036

[0.135, 0.488]

0.353

[0.098, 0.951]

0.463 * * *

[0.050, 0.877]

数字平台重配置能力

0.139 * * *

[0.143, 0.319]

0.273 * * *

[0.229, 0.470]

0.269 * * *

[0.148, 0.389]

知识创造

0.350 * * *

[0.220, 0.479]

指数

R2= 0.068,

R2= 0.095,

R2= 0.154,

F = 5.834 * * *

F = 8.424 * * *

F = 12.157 * * *

中介代理

影响

BootSE

引导LLCI

引导LLCI

总效果

0.35

0.061

0.229

0.47

直接影响

0.269

0.061

0.148

0.389

间接影响

0.081

0.029

0.033

0.146

5.2.6 调整试验

4.13 环境不确定性调节作用检验

指数

科夫

R2型

F

DF1型

东风2

p

知识创造 * 环境不确定性

0.05

0.03

15.479

1

400

0.0001

调节变量的分组

影响

t

p

有限责任公司

ULCI型

低调节组

0.608

0.081

7.545

0

0.45

0.767

中型对照组

0.387

0.06

0.459

0

0.269

0.505

高调控组

0.165

0.084

1.974

0.049

0.001

0.33

本研究采用Hayes开发的工艺程序来检验环境不确定性的调节作用,并在工艺中选取M1。结果如表 4.13 所示。如表4.13所示,知识创造与服务创新交互作用项的系数为−0.05,P为0.001,表明环境不确定性在知识创造与服务创新之间起负调节作用,支持假设H8。此外,高环境不确定性削弱了知识创造对服务创新的影响,而低环境不确定性增强了知识创造对服务创新的影响。

4.14 假设检验结果

假设

假设内容

结果

H1型

服务制造业企业数字化平台集成分析能力对服务创新产生积极影响

支持

H2型

服务制造企业数字化平台重构能力对服务创新产生积极影响

支持

H3型

服务制造业企业数字化平台集成分析能力对知识创造支持有积极影响

支持

H4型

服务制造业企业数字化平台重构能力对知识创造产生积极影响

支持

H5型

服务制造业企业知识创造对服务创新有积极影响

支持

H6型

知识创造在支撑服务制造企业数字化平台集成分析能力和服务创新方面发挥中介作用

支持

H7型

知识创造在服务制造企业数字化平台重构能力与服务创新的关系中起中介作用

支持

H8型

环境不确定性对知识创造与服务创新的关系具有负向调节作用

支持

5.3 研究结果

5.3.1 数字化平台能力对服务型制造业中小企业服务创新的影响

数字平台的整合和分析能力显著推动了服务型中小企业的服务创新。这与基于资源的理论相一致,强调资源是一种竞争优势。这些企业仅靠内部资源不足以进行服务创新。数字平台深度挖掘和分析数据的能力为他们的创新服务注入了活力。 这种能力有助于企业高效获取外部信息,整合资源,为服务创新构建竞争优势。对于以客户为中心的中小企业,它捕获客户数据,推动产品/服务创新,并连接内部/外部企业。数字化平台集成打破信息壁垒,增强协同,实现更精准的服务,推动业务持续创新。同时,研究表明,服务型中小企业的数字化平台重构能力促进了服务创新,与价值共创理论相吻合。模块化架构允许灵活调整模块、优化流程和适应新环境。这降低了成本,提高了效率,并通过基于客户需求的协作工作和动态配置实现了根本性创新。综上所述,服务型制造业中小企业的数字化平台能力,特别是其综合分析和重构两个维度,对促进服务创新具有重要而积极的作用。

5.3.2 知识创造在服务型制造业起的中介作用

结果表明,服务型制造业中小企业的数字化平台能力——集成分析能力和重构能力,两者通过知识创造之间的链接,对服务创新具有积极作用。具体而言,数字平台的集成和分析能力已被证明对知识创造具有积极影响,这与Vera的一些理论观点一致(Vera,D.,2016)。这种能力使中小企业能够有效地获取和整合客户信息,明确偏好,预测市场趋势,并支持知识创造。它还加强了企业间的信息交流,缩小了资源缺口,并为知识创造注入了新的想法。对竞争对手信息的深度挖掘可以及时调整战略,从而在知识创造中获得早期优势。

另一方面,数字平台重构能力也对知识创造产生积极影响,研究结果支持Helfa的理论(Helfat,管理,2018)。 这种能力促使企业实现知识获取现代化,优化内部和外部社交网络,丰富信息和知识资源。数字平台的重构能力降低了搜索成本,加快了知识创造速度,促进了信息共享,增强了知识多样性,扩大了创作领域,降低了风险,并根据客户反馈深化了知识。

最后,该研究证实了知识创造对服务创新的积极影响,与知识创造理论相一致。它通过加强服务创新使中小企业受益。知识创造创造机会,提高效率,提供测试市场信息的平台,将其转化为服务创新的力量。研究表明,数字平台的能力对知识创造有显著影响,直接促进了服务创新,表明外部知识探索和内部创造有效地增强了服务型中小企业的服务创新。

5.3.3 环境不确定性的调节作用

结果表明:服务型制造业中小企业的环境不确定性对服务创新与知识创造的关系具有负调控作用。这一发现与Lilien的观点相呼应,Lilien提出环境不确定性将影响知识创造与服务创新之间的联系(Lilien,G.L.,2002)。特别是当消费者的偏好变化很快时,这会延迟企业的知识创造过程,增加服务创新的难度。

本研究的重点是以服务为导向的制造业中小企业,这些中小企业根据客户需求进行创新。知识创造会适应这些需求,从而造成滞后。环境不确定性的增加,如消费者偏好的快速变化,可能使知识创造太慢,错失最佳服务创新机会。这削弱了知识创造对中小企业服务创新的积极影响。此外,Gimenez的研究还指出,提供差异化的产品或服务是企业超越竞争对手、占领市场份额和实现服务创新的关键(Gimenez,2012)。然而,环境的不确定性增加了服务创新资源的协调成本,降低了资源配置效率,从而增加了企业知识创造的难度,延缓了服务创新的发展。

本文考虑了环境不确定性等非市场因素,这些因素改变了服务型中小企业的客户需求和交易。因此,现有的知识创造模式可能不再适合当前的服务创新需求。适应政府政策和客户需求的变化,增加了通过知识创造促进服务创新的挑战。综上所述,在服务导向的环境下,制造业中小企业在服务创新和知识创造之间发挥了负面的调节作用。

6.服务型制造业中小企业服务创新战略

6.1 充分利用数字化平台优势推动服务创新

数字化平台能力支持灵活访问、资源整合和动态协作。它有助于利用外部资源、满足信息需求、促进服务创新和创造竞争优势。中小企业优先考虑增强数字平台,但一些企业在优化服务创新投资回报率方面面临挑战。为了克服这一问题,中小企业应专注于深化数字平台应用、集成和治理。

6.1.1 深化应用,实现数字平台全球覆盖能力

(a) 使用标准数字平台的数据

为了培养数字平台洞察客户的能力,企业必须规范数据使用以防止滥用。应采取政策确保数据得到合理使用,包括员工保密协议和受监管的平台管理/数据挖掘算法等措施。这确保了平台的可持续发展,为全民覆盖奠定了基础。

(2)提升数字平台能力,直至全球覆盖

服务型中小企业在坚持政策的同时,要加强数字平台能力。他们应该扩展平台用例,整合部门资源,优化数字框架和运营。研发、销售和客户服务数据的集中处理有助于服务优化、数据共享和资源分配。这增强了中小企业的决策能力、价值链响应能力和市场敏感性。

6.2.2 治理,推动数字平台生态发展

1、构建平台网络架构,拓展网络效应

服务型中小企业应抓住数码机遇,搭建多功能、兼容、可扩展的平台,提升网络效应和竞争力。认识到服务创新的挑战,他们必须调整IT基础设施以适应数字平台,为创新资源奠定基础。利用平台兼容性和可扩展性,企业可以经济高效地进行创新,为未来的增长留出空间。这改变了服务创造,拓宽了客户群,实现了服务创新的突破。(2)推动企业实现数字化平台生态发展

以服务为导向的中小企业应利用数字平台整合内部业务和数据,并与跨行业平台建立联系。这促进了价值创造和协作,优化了数字平台上的资源分配。为了促进服务创新,中小企业必须加强供应链和价值链,促进创新。企业利用数字化平台进行资源配置,应坚持业务支持、资源共享、紧急需求优先排序和解决问题导向的原则。这推动了服务型中小企业创新和发展的良性循环。

6.2 加快知识创造进程实现服务创新

6.2.1 加快客户信息知识成果,提升企业竞争力

(a) 建立客户信息知识档案

以服务为导向的中小企业利用数字平台来收集客户数据。他们应该创建详细的客户分类文件,对其进行分析以了解客户趋势。定期检查员工收集的数据及其分类可确保准确性。专业软件分析客户特点和偏好,助力研发服务创新转型。

(2)加快客户信息服务创新成果的知识

服务型中小企业应利用外部知识和内部创造来推动服务创新。通过分析客户数据,他们可以定位他们的产品。根据资源的不同,他们可以从根本上或渐进式创新。在保持市场份额的同时,企业应跟踪目标市场趋势并调整客户需求,以避免盲目创新。

6.2.2 注重企业知识管理信息系统建设,推进服务创新

随着数字平台扩大中小企业的知识来源,出现了碎片化和离散化问题。健全的知识管理系统对于以服务为导向的中小企业至关重要。提供清晰的知识来源,促进知识的高效检索、整合和重构,支持业务创新决策,确保科学有效的创新。对于服务型中小企业来说,加强信息知识管理体系对于处理客户、竞争对手和合作伙伴的数据至关重要。这促进了知识创造和服务创新。为了解决独特性问题,可以考虑聘请专业人士来监督信息和知识管理,加强外部联系和资源交换,并确保系统服务解决方案的有效性。

此外,企业应从被动适应客户需求转向主动创造核心产品/技术、提供增值服务、解决客户问题。这提高了客户满意度,并从被动服务过渡到主动服务。

6.3 提高企业环境适应性保证服务创新

6.3.1 打破企业核心竞争力僵化,重构企业发展模式

(一)打破服务型制造业中小企业核心竞争力的僵化

随着市场环境的变化,服务型中小企业必须打破旧有的规范,确保服务体系的灵活性。为此,他们需要不断获取和整合资源,以促进重建。他们可以利用数字平台获得真实的客户洞察,邀请专家了解行业最新情况,并与互补企业合作。此外,有效利用现有资源是能力升级的关键。这包括鼓励员工学习、创建风险管理系统、支持创新以及建立产学研合作以提高灵活性。(2)选择适当重构的能力

服务型制造业中小企业应根据自身情况选择能力重构路径。如果当前功能符合客户期望,则优化和升级以增强服务。如果没有,就淘汰过时的能力,引入新的能力,创新以提高核心竞争力。

6.3.2 加强外部动态环境监测,助力企业服务创新

一、把握新机遇,助力服务创新

为了适应市场变化,公司应积极收集有关客户需求、技术趋势和市场动态的信息,以制定战略。对新政策保持警惕,及时将其传达给员工,并遵循可持续发展的政策指导。当新机遇出现时,大胆创新,明智地升级能力或消除低效率,助力服务创新成功。(2)提高服务型制造业中小企业对环境感知的敏感性

环境变化为中小企业带来了机遇和挑战。保持敏捷以应对外部变化至关重要。企业应根据趋势调整策略,利用大数据识别市场需求,加强跨境知识搜索。利用数字平台,企业应预测客户需求和趋势,开发符合或预见变化的产品和服务。在动荡的环境下,平台企业应增强环保意识,建立牢固的合作伙伴关系,抵御风险,增强行业竞争力。此外,平台企业应培养和谐的组织文化。在不确定的环境中,文化可以增强凝聚力,倡导共同的价值观,减少混乱,并鼓励知识共享。这改善了内部知识整合,推动了新的知识创造,并促进了商业模式创新。

7 结论与展望

7.1 主要结论

本文以服务型中小型制造业企业为研究对象。首先,本研究考察了中小型服务型制造企业的服务创新,重点关注投入和产出方面。通过访谈,它认为数字平台能力是影响服务创新的关键因素。本研究还分析了数字平台能力的现状,并验证了其对服务创新的影响,旨在进一步探讨这些企业的数字平台能力与服务创新之间的关系。 其次,基于理论构建中小企业数字化平台能力和服务创新模型;实证分析定量检验了数字平台能力、知识创造、环境不确定性和服务创新之间的关系。因此,提出了促进服务制造业企业服务创新的战略。主要结论是:(1)探讨了服务型制造业中小企业服务创新的进展和挑战。通过数据分析,揭示了服务研发支出充足,但研发强度不稳定且不断下降。虽然专利产出总体上在上升,但也存在波动。创新经济产出增长缓慢,表明存在“服务导向型困境”,即对服务创新的投资没有产生相应的回报,需要更强的服务创新能力。

(2)分析了服务型制造业中小企业数字化平台能力与服务创新之间的相关性。通过考察数字平台能力的现状,比较数字平台能力采用前后的服务创新变化,验证数字平台能力对业务创新的影响。这一分析为该主题的实证研究提供了重要基础。(3)本文提出了一个理论模型,探讨了服务型制造业中小企业的数字化平台能力和服务创新。它概述了中小企业、知识创造、环境不确定性和服务创新之间的关系,得出了八个假设。该模型认为,数字平台集成和重构能力增强了服务创新和知识创造,知识创造在平台能力和服务创新之间起中介作用。环境的不确定性对知识创造与服务创新之间的联系产生了负面影响。(4)本文探讨了数字化平台能力如何影响服务型制造业中小企业的服务创新。一项问卷调查验证了这些假设:数字平台能力驱动服务创新,知识创造起这种关系的中介作用,环境不确定性负向调节了知识创造与服务创新之间的联系。

(5在研究的基础上,提出了促进服务型制造业中小企业服务创新的策略。本文着眼于数字平台能力、知识创造和环境不确定性,强调利用数字平台,加速知识创造,增强环境适应性,促进企业服务创新。

7.2 展望

本文基于资源理论、服务创新理论、知识创造理论和价值共创理论,探讨了数字平台能力对服务创新的影响机制,解构了知识创造的中介作用,挖掘了数字平台能力与服务创新的边界条件,探讨了环境不确定性的调节作用,提出了有价值的理论贡献和实践意义。 但是,仍有一些需要改进的地方,可以在未来的研究中进一步研究:

(1)本文的问卷调查主要针对江苏和浙江的中小企业,限制了区域代表性。为了提高普遍性,未来的研究应扩大样本范围,以涵盖其他地区的中小企业。(2)

本文采用定性分析和调查相结合的方法,对现状进行分析,提出理论假设。然而,更多样化的方法,如模拟和实验,将加强未来对变量关系的探索。

(3)在变量方面,本文以环境不确定性为调节因素,发现环境不确定性削弱了中小企业知识创造与服务创新之间的联系。然而,环境的不确定性是复杂的,包括市场和竞争因素。未来的研究可以完善这一概念,以探索其在数字平台、知识创造和服务创新之间关系中的界限。

引用

[1] Parker,G,G.,Alstyne,M.W., Choudary,S.P. 平台革命:网络市场如何改变经济以及如何让它们为您服务[M].WW诺顿公司,2016年。

[2] Yoo,Y.,Henfridsson,O.,Lyytinen,K. 研究评论——数字创新的新组织逻辑:信息系统研究议程,2010,21(04):724-735.

[3] McIntyre,D.P.,Srinivasan,A. 网络、平台和战略:新兴观点和后续步骤。战略管理学报,2017,38(01):141-160.

[4] Lenka,S.,Parida,V.,Wincent,J. 数字化能力作为服务心理学与营销中价值共同创造的推动者,2017,34(01):92-100。

[5] Betz,F. 管理技术:通过新企业、创新和企业研究进行竞争[M].普伦蒂斯·霍尔,1987.

[6]Eisenhardt,K.M. 从案例研究研究中建立理论。管理学院评论, 1989,14(04):532-550.

[7]Yin,R.K. 案例研究研究:设计与方法[M].sage,2009.

[8]Barney,J.B.,Ketchen,D.J.,Wright,M. 资源型理论与价值创造框架[J].管理学报, 2021 (7) : 1936-1955.

[9]Iravani,S.M.,Van,M.P.,Sims,K.T. 结构灵活性:制造和服务运营设计的新视角。管理科学,2005,51(02):151-166

[10]野中,I.,野中,O.I.,Ikujiro,N.知识创造型企业:日本企业如何创造创新动力[M].OUP 美国,1995.

[11]Grant,R.M. Towards a knowledge‐based theory of the firm 战略管理学报,1996,17(S2):109-122.

[12] C.K.普拉哈拉德,C.K.拉马斯瓦米,诉。Co-opting customer competence[J].哈佛商业评论, 2000,78 (01) : 79-90.

[13]Schoenherr,T.,Swink,M. 重新审视整合的弧线:交叉验证和扩展。运营管理,2012,30(1-2):99-115.

[14]Nam,K.,Lee,N.H. 服务主导逻辑视角下的服务创新类型学[J].J. Univers.Com put.科学, 2010 (13) : 1761-1775.
[14]Nam,K.,Lee,N.H. 服务主导逻辑视角下的服务创新类型学[J].J. Univers.Com put.科学, 2010 (13) : 1761-1775.

[15]Frederiksen,A. 分析竞争:获胜的新科学.2009,20(05):583.
[15]Frederiksen,A. 分析竞争:获胜的新科学.2009,20(05):583.

[16]莱勒,C.,维内克,A.,沃姆,B.J.大数据分析如何实现服务创新:重要性、可负担性和服务的个性化。管理信息系统,2018,35(02):424-460.

[17]Chesbrough,H. 开放式服务创新:重新思考您的业务以在新时代发展和竞争[M].John Wiley&Sons,2011年。

[18]利用IT能力和竞争流程能力管理组织间关系组合 信息系统研究,2010,21(03):516-542

[19]Vargo,S.L.,Lusch,R.F. 服务主导逻辑:继续演进。营销科学研究院学报,2008,36(01):1-10.[35]Johnson,M.W.,Lafley,A.G. 抢占空白:增长与更新的商业模式创新[M].哈佛商业出版社,2010.

[20]Attour,A.,Peruta,M.D. 建筑知识:跨组织技术平台设计的关键流程和过程[J].知识管理研究与实践, 2016, 14 (01) : 27-34.

[21]Yoo,Y.,Henfridsson,O.,Lyytinen,K. 研究评论——数字创新的新组织逻辑:信息系统研究议程,2010,21(04):724-735.

[22] 梅赫拉巴尼,SE Shajari,m.知识管理与创新能力[J].管理研究, 2012, 4 (02) : 164.

[23]Kreiser,P.M. 创业取向和组织学习:网络范围和网络关闭的影响。创业理论与实践,2011,35(05):1025-1050.

[24]Vera,D.,Nemanich,L., Velez,C.S. 与研发团队即兴创作能力相关的基于知识和情境的因素。管理学报,2016,42(07):1874-1903.

[25]Helfat,C.E.,Raubitschek,R.S. 从基于数字平台的生态系统中的创新中获利的动态和综合能力。研究政策,2018,47(08):1391-1399.

[26]Lilien,G.L.,Morrison,P.D.,Searls,K. 新产品开发的主要用户创意生成过程的性能评估。管理科学,2002,48(08):1042-1059.

[27]Gimenez,C.,Sierra,V.,Rodon,J. 可持续运营:它们对三重底线的影响。国际生产经济,2012,140(01):149-159.