A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Apologies
英汉道歉的比较研究
— Taking Ipartment and Friends as Examples
— 以 Ipartment 和 Friends 为例
AbstraEt : accelerating globalization, cross-cultural communic important component of people's lives. This kind of communication not only includes language, but also encompasses various aspects such as customs, values, and ways of thinking. understanding the importance of cross-cultural communication can help us better respond to the challenges of globalization and promote world peace aThile duessee bafponhegy. speech act in communication has profound significance. I background and values, misunderstandings and conflicts are inevitable. An effective apology can resolve conflicts, establish mutual trust, and promote understa different cultures.
AbstraEt：加速全球化，跨文化交际是人们生活的重要组成部分。这种交流不仅包括语言，还包括习俗、价值观、思维方式等各个方面。了解跨文化交际的重要性，有助于我们更好地应对全球化的挑战，促进世界和平。言语行为在交流中具有深远的意义。一、背景和价值观、误解和冲突是不可避免的。有效的道歉可以化解冲突，建立互信，促进不同文化的融合。
AbstraEt：加速全球化，跨文化交际是人们生活的重要组成部分。这种交流不仅包括语言，还包括习俗、价值观、思维方式等各个方面。了解跨文化交际的重要性，有助于我们更好地应对全球化的挑战，促进世界和平。言语行为在交流中具有深远的意义。一、背景和价值观、误解和冲突是不可避免的。有效的道歉可以化解冲突，建立互信，促进不同文化的融合。
This article will elaborate on the importance of apology in cross-cultural communication by studying the use of apology in the fifthr seramdbfartmesitcoms. Through comparative analysis, we found significant differe connotations of apology in the two wofksenlosthe use ofpology speech act is more direct and candid, reflecting the values that emphasize individualism and direct expres American culturepdntmenthe use apology speech act is more tactful and impli reflecting the traditional Chinese culture of valuing face and harmonious relatio works have their own characteristics, but they also reflect the common pursuit of harmoni and effective communication in cultural exchange.
本文将通过研究道歉在第五部 seramdbfartmesitcoms 中的使用来阐述道歉在跨文化交际中的重要性。通过对比分析发现，道歉的内涵在两部作品中明显不同，使用道歉的言语行为更加直接和坦率，体现了强调个人主义和直接表达美国文化的价值观pdntmen使用道歉言语行为更加委婉和隐含，反映了中国传统文化的重视面子和和谐相对性作品各具特色， 但它们也反映了文化交流中对和谐和有效沟通的共同追求。
本文将通过研究道歉在第五部 seramdbfartmesitcoms 中的使用来阐述道歉在跨文化交际中的重要性。通过对比分析发现，道歉的内涵在两部作品中明显不同，使用道歉的言语行为更加直接和坦率，体现了强调个人主义和直接表达美国文化的价值观pdntmen使用道歉言语行为更加委婉和隐含，反映了中国传统文化的重视面子和和谐相对性作品各具特色， 但它们也反映了文化交流中对和谐和有效沟通的共同追求。
This thesis aims to conduct a comparative analysis aphegy speech act used in two
本论文旨在对两种语言的言语行为进行比较分析
本论文旨在对两种语言的言语行为进行比较分析
communication, in order to gain a deeper understanding of cultural differences between China and the United States, and to provide useful insights for cross-cultural communication.
交际，以期更深入地了解中美两国的文化差异，为跨文化交际提供有益的见解。
KeywordEriendspartme rapology speech caldural differecr@ess; cultural exchange
关键词Eriendspartme rapology speech caldural differecr@ess;文化交流
关键词Eriendspartme rapology speech caldural differecr@ess;文化交流
CONTENTS 内容
Abstract in English ..... I
英文摘要 .....我
Abstract in Chinese. ..... II
中文摘要。.....第二
1 Introduction. ..... 1
1 引言。.....1
1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND ..... 1
1.1 研究背景.....1
1.2 RESEARCH PURPOSE AND SiGNIFICANCE. ..... 1
1.2 研究目的和研究目的。.....1
1.3 ReSEARCH METHODS AND LAYOUT OF THE THESIS. ..... 2
1.3 论文的重新检索方法和布局。.....2
2 Literature Review. ..... 2
2 文献综述......2
2.1 FOREIGN STUDY ..... 2
2.1 出国留学.....2
2.2 DOMESTIC STUDY ..... 3
2.2 国内学习.....3
3 The Differences of Expression of Apology Speech Act between Chinese and
3 《道歉言论法》中文与中国道歉言论表达的差异
English ..... 4 英语。。。。。4
3.1 EXPression of APOLOGy SPEeCH ACT IN CHINESE ..... 4
3.1 《护教法》的中文解释.....4
3.1.1 Direct Apology ..... 5
3.1.1 直接道歉.....5
3.1.2 Requesting Forgiveness ..... 5
3.1.2 请求宽恕.....5
3.1.3 Apologizing for an Offence. ..... 6
3.1.3 为违规行为道歉。.....6
3.2 EXPRESSION OF APOLOGY SPEECH ACT IN ENGLISH ..... 6
3.2 英文道歉言语表达法 .....6
3.2.1 Direct Apology ..... 6
3.2.1 直接道歉.....6
3.2.2 Requesting Forgiveness ..... 6
3.2.2 请求宽恕.....6
4 The Differences of Apology Speech Act Between Ipartment and Friends. ..... 7
4 道歉言语的差异.....7
4.1 DIFFERENCES IN THE NEEDS OF APOLOGY ..... 7
4.1 道歉需求的差异 .....7
4.2 DIFFERENCES IN THE STRATEGY OF APOLOGY ..... 8
4.2 道歉策略的差异.....8
4.3 DifFERENCES IN FREqUENCY OF APOLOGY ..... 9
4.3 道歉频率的差异 .....9
4.4 Differences In THE USE OF APOLOGy SPEeCH ACT AMONG DifFERENT
4.4 不同人群中使用APOLOGy SPEeCH法案的差异
GROUPS ..... 9 组。。。。。9
4.5 DIFFERENCES IN RESPONDING TO APOLOGIES ..... 10
4.5 回应道歉的差异.....10
5 The Reasons for the Differences in Apology Speech Act Between English and
5 英语和
Chinese. ..... 11 中文。.....11
5.1 CULTURAL DIFFERENCES ..... 12
5.1 文化差异.....12
5.2 THINKING MODES. ..... 12
5.2 思维模式。.....12
5.3 Personal FaCtORS ..... 13
5.3 个人FaCtORS.....13
5.4 OTHER FACTORS ..... 14
5.4 其他因素.....14
6 How to Effectively Apologize in Cross-Cultural Communication ..... 14
6 如何在跨文化交际中有效道歉 .....14
6.1 SIMPLE AND DIRECT ..... 15
6.1 简单直接的.....15
6.2 EXPRESSING SINCERITY ..... 15
6.2 表达诚意.....15
6.3 RESPONSIBILITY ..... 16
6.3 责任.....16
6.4 REQUEST FOR FORGIVENESS. ..... 17
6.4 请求宽恕。.....17
6.5 AVOIDING REPETITION ..... 17
6.5 避免重复.....17
6.6 Paying Attention to Cultural Differences ..... 18
6.6 关注文化差异 .....18
7 Conclusion. ..... 19
7 结论。.....19
References. ..... 21 引用。.....21
Acknowledgements. ..... 22
确认。.....22
英文摘要 .....我
Abstract in Chinese. ..... II
中文摘要。.....第二
1 Introduction. ..... 1
1 引言。.....1
1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND ..... 1
1.1 研究背景.....1
1.2 RESEARCH PURPOSE AND SiGNIFICANCE. ..... 1
1.2 研究目的和研究目的。.....1
1.3 ReSEARCH METHODS AND LAYOUT OF THE THESIS. ..... 2
1.3 论文的重新检索方法和布局。.....2
2 Literature Review. ..... 2
2 文献综述......2
2.1 FOREIGN STUDY ..... 2
2.1 出国留学.....2
2.2 DOMESTIC STUDY ..... 3
2.2 国内学习.....3
3 The Differences of Expression of Apology Speech Act between Chinese and
3 《道歉言论法》中文与中国道歉言论表达的差异
English ..... 4 英语。。。。。4
3.1 EXPression of APOLOGy SPEeCH ACT IN CHINESE ..... 4
3.1 《护教法》的中文解释.....4
3.1.1 Direct Apology ..... 5
3.1.1 直接道歉.....5
3.1.2 Requesting Forgiveness ..... 5
3.1.2 请求宽恕.....5
3.1.3 Apologizing for an Offence. ..... 6
3.1.3 为违规行为道歉。.....6
3.2 EXPRESSION OF APOLOGY SPEECH ACT IN ENGLISH ..... 6
3.2 英文道歉言语表达法 .....6
3.2.1 Direct Apology ..... 6
3.2.1 直接道歉.....6
3.2.2 Requesting Forgiveness ..... 6
3.2.2 请求宽恕.....6
4 The Differences of Apology Speech Act Between Ipartment and Friends. ..... 7
4 道歉言语的差异.....7
4.1 DIFFERENCES IN THE NEEDS OF APOLOGY ..... 7
4.1 道歉需求的差异 .....7
4.2 DIFFERENCES IN THE STRATEGY OF APOLOGY ..... 8
4.2 道歉策略的差异.....8
4.3 DifFERENCES IN FREqUENCY OF APOLOGY ..... 9
4.3 道歉频率的差异 .....9
4.4 Differences In THE USE OF APOLOGy SPEeCH ACT AMONG DifFERENT
4.4 不同人群中使用APOLOGy SPEeCH法案的差异
GROUPS ..... 9 组。。。。。9
4.5 DIFFERENCES IN RESPONDING TO APOLOGIES ..... 10
4.5 回应道歉的差异.....10
5 The Reasons for the Differences in Apology Speech Act Between English and
5 英语和
Chinese. ..... 11 中文。.....11
5.1 CULTURAL DIFFERENCES ..... 12
5.1 文化差异.....12
5.2 THINKING MODES. ..... 12
5.2 思维模式。.....12
5.3 Personal FaCtORS ..... 13
5.3 个人FaCtORS.....13
5.4 OTHER FACTORS ..... 14
5.4 其他因素.....14
6 How to Effectively Apologize in Cross-Cultural Communication ..... 14
6 如何在跨文化交际中有效道歉 .....14
6.1 SIMPLE AND DIRECT ..... 15
6.1 简单直接的.....15
6.2 EXPRESSING SINCERITY ..... 15
6.2 表达诚意.....15
6.3 RESPONSIBILITY ..... 16
6.3 责任.....16
6.4 REQUEST FOR FORGIVENESS. ..... 17
6.4 请求宽恕。.....17
6.5 AVOIDING REPETITION ..... 17
6.5 避免重复.....17
6.6 Paying Attention to Cultural Differences ..... 18
6.6 关注文化差异 .....18
7 Conclusion. ..... 19
7 结论。.....19
References. ..... 21 引用。.....21
Acknowledgements. ..... 22
确认。.....22
1 Introduction 1 引言
1.1 Research Background 1.1 研究背景
In the process of interpersonal communication, "apology" is a common spee expresses guilt, apology, and determination to make amends to oth important role both personally and socially. However, due to cultural, linguistic, and individual differences, the expression and acceptance of apologies also vary. Therefore, in cross-c communication, both verbal and nonverbal communication can lead to con degrees. Ipartment is a youth sitcom in China, and Friends tells the story of six old friends living in Manhattan, New York, which both tell the humorous, bizarre, and romantic stories of several young men and women with different backgrounds, identities, and ideals. They ar conveying the living conditions and values of the new generation of young p playful laughter and verbal abuse, and wiping out hilarious jokes and sparks of wisdom with a series of witty words. Through their life experiences and emotional entanglements, it showcases the attitudes and values of contemporary young people towards life.Ipartment and Friends both showcase the preciousness of friendship and the beauty of life in a humorous and warm way, and the contradictions and conflicts between them are also worth paying attention to. How to solve the contradictions and conflicts in communication is worth our attention and learning.
在人际交往过程中，“道歉”是一种常见的表达方式，表达愧疚、道歉和弥补个人和社会重要角色的决心。然而，由于文化、语言和个体差异，道歉的表达和接受程度也各不相同。因此，在跨语言交际中，语言和非语言交际都会导致共度。《爱友记》是一部中国青春情景喜剧，《老友记》讲述了生活在纽约曼哈顿的六位老朋友的故事，都讲述了几位背景、身份、理想的青年男女的幽默、离奇、浪漫的故事。他们用俏皮的笑声和辱骂来传达新一代年轻人的生活条件和价值观，用一连串诙谐的话语抹去搞笑的笑话和智慧的火花。通过他们的生活经历和情感纠葛，展现了当代年轻人对生活的态度和价值观。《爱友记》和《老友记》都以幽默温馨的方式展现了友谊的珍贵和生活的美好，他们之间的矛盾和冲突也值得关注。如何解决沟通中的矛盾和冲突，值得我们关注和学习。
在人际交往过程中，“道歉”是一种常见的表达方式，表达愧疚、道歉和弥补个人和社会重要角色的决心。然而，由于文化、语言和个体差异，道歉的表达和接受程度也各不相同。因此，在跨语言交际中，语言和非语言交际都会导致共度。《爱友记》是一部中国青春情景喜剧，《老友记》讲述了生活在纽约曼哈顿的六位老朋友的故事，都讲述了几位背景、身份、理想的青年男女的幽默、离奇、浪漫的故事。他们用俏皮的笑声和辱骂来传达新一代年轻人的生活条件和价值观，用一连串诙谐的话语抹去搞笑的笑话和智慧的火花。通过他们的生活经历和情感纠葛，展现了当代年轻人对生活的态度和价值观。《爱友记》和《老友记》都以幽默温馨的方式展现了友谊的珍贵和生活的美好，他们之间的矛盾和冲突也值得关注。如何解决沟通中的矛盾和冲突，值得我们关注和学习。
1.2 Research Purpose and Significance
1.2 研究目的和意义
This research takes the fifth seashmartmentand the fifth seasofriendsas examples to analyze the differences and influencing factors of the speech act of apology between English and Chinese. It deeply explores and compares the expression methods, social functions, and values behind apologies in the two cultures, providing practical guidance and suggestions
本研究以“第五次道歉”和“第五次”海上朋友“为例，分析了中英语道歉言语行为的差异及影响因素。深入探讨和比较两种文化中道歉背后的表达方式、社会功能和价值观，为文化交际提供实用指导和建议
本研究以“第五次道歉”和“第五次”海上朋友“为例，分析了中英语道歉言语行为的差异及影响因素。深入探讨和比较两种文化中道歉背后的表达方式、社会功能和价值观，为文化交际提供实用指导和建议
Apologizing, as a common social behavior, reflects the varying degrees of importance that different cultures place on interpersonal relationships, face saving, and social harmony. also improve our cross-cultural communication skills and help us become more pro cross-cultural communication. Proper use of the speech act of apologyc escalation of conflicts, but also enhance understanding and trust be addition, for English learners, it can promote adaptation between two cultures, and studying the differences in the speech act of apology between Chinese and English can help us better adapt to the cultural environment of the target language. In summary, studying the differ speech act of apology between English and Chinese has important theoretic significance.
道歉作为一种常见的社会行为，反映了不同文化对人际关系、面子保护和社会和谐的不同程度的重视。也提高了我们的跨文化沟通技巧，帮助我们变得更加专业的跨文化沟通。正确使用道歉的言语行为可以加剧冲突的升级，还可以增强理解和信任，对于英语学习者来说，它可以促进两种文化之间的适应，研究中英文道歉言语行为的差异可以帮助我们更好地适应目标语言的文化环境。综上所述，研究英汉道歉的言语行为差异具有重要的理论意义。
道歉作为一种常见的社会行为，反映了不同文化对人际关系、面子保护和社会和谐的不同程度的重视。也提高了我们的跨文化沟通技巧，帮助我们变得更加专业的跨文化沟通。正确使用道歉的言语行为可以加剧冲突的升级，还可以增强理解和信任，对于英语学习者来说，它可以促进两种文化之间的适应，研究中英文道歉言语行为的差异可以帮助我们更好地适应目标语言的文化环境。综上所述，研究英汉道歉的言语行为差异具有重要的理论意义。
1.3 Research Methods and Layout of the Thesis
1.3 论文的研究方法和布局
This topic is studied by using comparative analysis, literature research, and comprehensive analysis methods, and conclusions are drawn. This study is divided into seven parts. The
采用比较分析、文献研究和综合分析方法对这一课题进行研究，并得出结论。本研究分为七个部分。这
part provides an explanation of the research background, purpose, and significance of apology speech act in English and Chinese; the second part is a literature review, which first clarifies the current research status at China and English speaker countries. The third part is the differences of expression of apology speech act between Chinese and English; The fo studies the differences in apology speech act between English and Chinese by comparin fifth seasonIpartment and the fifth seasonFriends from five aspects: apology needs, strategies, frequency of occurrence, different groups, and responses to apologies; The fifth part explains the reasons for the differences in apology speech act between English and cultural differences, ways of thinking, personal factors, and other factors; the sixth part proposes suggestions on how to effectively apologize in cross-cultural communication based on the above research; The seventh part is the conclusion.
部分用英文和中文解释道歉言语行为的研究背景、目的和意义;第二部分是文献综述，首先阐明了中国和英语国家的研究现状。第三部分是中英文道歉言语行为的表达差异;本文从道歉需求、策略、发生频率、不同群体、道歉反应五个方面，比较了第五季和第五季的道歉言语行为差异;第五部分阐述了英语与文化差异、思维方式、个人因素等因素在道歉言语行为上存在差异的原因;第六部分基于上述研究，就如何在跨文化交际中有效道歉提出建议;第七部分是结论。
采用比较分析、文献研究和综合分析方法对这一课题进行研究，并得出结论。本研究分为七个部分。这
part provides an explanation of the research background, purpose, and significance of apology speech act in English and Chinese; the second part is a literature review, which first clarifies the current research status at China and English speaker countries. The third part is the differences of expression of apology speech act between Chinese and English; The fo studies the differences in apology speech act between English and Chinese by comparin fifth seasonIpartment and the fifth seasonFriends from five aspects: apology needs, strategies, frequency of occurrence, different groups, and responses to apologies; The fifth part explains the reasons for the differences in apology speech act between English and cultural differences, ways of thinking, personal factors, and other factors; the sixth part proposes suggestions on how to effectively apologize in cross-cultural communication based on the above research; The seventh part is the conclusion.
部分用英文和中文解释道歉言语行为的研究背景、目的和意义;第二部分是文献综述，首先阐明了中国和英语国家的研究现状。第三部分是中英文道歉言语行为的表达差异;本文从道歉需求、策略、发生频率、不同群体、道歉反应五个方面，比较了第五季和第五季的道歉言语行为差异;第五部分阐述了英语与文化差异、思维方式、个人因素等因素在道歉言语行为上存在差异的原因;第六部分基于上述研究，就如何在跨文化交际中有效道歉提出建议;第七部分是结论。
2 Literature Review 2 文献综述
2.1 Foreign Study 2.1 国外留学
Apology is a very common linguistic phenomenon in polite language behavior. Therefore, many domestic and foreign scholars have conducted research on apology speech act in different aspects. Austin,(1962) pointed out Fhow to Do Things with Wothlat speech itself is an action, while Searlle76) discussed twelve distinct dimensions of action behavior basec Austin's work. He classified apology speech act as expressive speech acts. Goffman, E (1971 categorizes apology speech acts as remedial speech acts, in which the offer remedy unpleasant social interactions through apology. Based on Austin's theory, Searle studied the issue of distinguishing dimensions in behavioral behavior and believed that apology speech act should belong to expressive speech acts. Coffman believes that "the act of apologizing is a remedial action taken by the offender to make up for their mistake. However,
道歉是礼貌语言行为中非常常见的语言现象。因此，国内外许多学者从不同方面对道歉言论行为进行了研究。Austin（1962）指出，用Wothlat言语做事本身就是一种行动，而Searlle76）则讨论了行动行为的12个不同维度。他将道歉言语行为归类为表达性言语行为。Goffman， E（1971）将道歉言语行为归类为补救性言语行为，其中通过道歉来补救不愉快的社交互动。基于奥斯汀的理论，塞尔研究了行为行为的维度区分问题，认为道歉言语行为应该属于表达性言语行为。科夫曼认为，“道歉的行为是犯罪者为弥补错误而采取的补救措施。然而，
道歉是礼貌语言行为中非常常见的语言现象。因此，国内外许多学者从不同方面对道歉言论行为进行了研究。Austin（1962）指出，用Wothlat言语做事本身就是一种行动，而Searlle76）则讨论了行动行为的12个不同维度。他将道歉言语行为归类为表达性言语行为。Goffman， E（1971）将道歉言语行为归类为补救性言语行为，其中通过道歉来补救不愉快的社交互动。基于奥斯汀的理论，塞尔研究了行为行为的维度区分问题，认为道歉言语行为应该属于表达性言语行为。科夫曼认为，“道歉的行为是犯罪者为弥补错误而采取的补救措施。然而，
responsibility, maintaining restraint, explaining reasons, and providing Kulka(1984) believes that apologies can be divided into two categories: direct apol using various means to implement apology behaviors.
责任、保持克制、解释理由、提供 Kulka（1984）认为，道歉可以分为两类：直接道歉使用各种手段实施道歉行为。
However, there is little research on the speech act of apology in Englis based on the TV draReassearch Fniendsas also been conducted in various aspec including analyzing the humorous expressioemsd and analyzing the characters in the drama. However, there is relatively little research on Ipartments, as an anonymous writer (2014) mentioned in a news journal.
然而，在英格利斯的道歉语言行为中，基于电视剧的研究很少，在各种方面也进行了研究，包括分析幽默的表达和分析戏剧中的人物。然而，正如一位匿名作家（2014）在新闻期刊上提到的那样，对Ipartments的研究相对较少。
然而，在英格利斯的道歉语言行为中，基于电视剧的研究很少，在各种方面也进行了研究，包括分析幽默的表达和分析戏剧中的人物。然而，正如一位匿名作家（2014）在新闻期刊上提到的那样，对Ipartments的研究相对较少。
2.2 Domestic Study 2.2 国内学习
In recent years, there has been increasing attention to the study of apology speech ac China, with significant innovations in research topics and perspectives, gradually breaking away from the inheritance of Western research models. For Pangineatin Comparative Analysis of English and ChinelsinAlpi(narogire)s analyzed "the selection
近年来，中国对道歉言论的研究越来越受到关注，研究课题和观点不断创新，逐渐摆脱了西方研究模式的传承。对于英语和Chinelsin的Pangineatin比较分析Alpi（narogire）s分析了“选择
contextual characteristics of English and Chinese apology speech act, as well as the lang forms of English and Chinese apology speech act from a cross-cultur analyzed the reasons that affect the differences in apology between th different levels and proposed suggestions for cross-cultural integration. Qi Jiating (2018) pointed out in a comparison of apology speech act use strategies between English and Chinese that cognitive and cultural differences have a significant impact on the choic apology strategies between English and Chinese. In A Study on Pragmatic Transfer in the Use of Apologizing Language by Chinese English Learn&rong Junying(2016) conducted a detailed study on pragmatic transfer in direct apology speech act from the perspectives of illocutionary behavior and sociolinguistic factors. She explored the specific manife transfer in the use of direct apology speech act by Chinese English learners, and explored influence of gender and second language proficiency on pragmatic transfer. This study aims to explore useful insights and suggestions for foreign langu communicators by analyzing pragmatic phenomena in English and Chinese apology speech act from the perspectives of the cooperative principle and politeness principle.
从跨文化的角度出发，从中英道歉行为的语境特征以及中英文道歉行为的语言形式分析了影响不同层次道歉差异的原因，并提出了跨文化融合的建议。齐家婷（2018）在对中英道歉言语行为使用策略的比较中指出，认知和文化差异对中英文的道歉策略有显著影响。荣俊英（2016）在《汉语道歉语言运用中的语用迁移研究》中，从言语行为和社会语言学因素的角度，对直接道歉言语行为中的语用迁移进行了详细研究。她探讨了汉语学习者使用直接道歉言语行为中的具体手法迁移，并探讨了性别和第二语言能力对语用迁移的影响。本研究旨在从合作原则和礼貌原则的角度，对中英道歉言语行为中的语用现象进行分析，为外国语言传播者提供有益的见解和建议。
近年来，中国对道歉言论的研究越来越受到关注，研究课题和观点不断创新，逐渐摆脱了西方研究模式的传承。对于英语和Chinelsin的Pangineatin比较分析Alpi（narogire）s分析了“选择
contextual characteristics of English and Chinese apology speech act, as well as the lang forms of English and Chinese apology speech act from a cross-cultur analyzed the reasons that affect the differences in apology between th different levels and proposed suggestions for cross-cultural integration. Qi Jiating (2018) pointed out in a comparison of apology speech act use strategies between English and Chinese that cognitive and cultural differences have a significant impact on the choic apology strategies between English and Chinese. In A Study on Pragmatic Transfer in the Use of Apologizing Language by Chinese English Learn&rong Junying(2016) conducted a detailed study on pragmatic transfer in direct apology speech act from the perspectives of illocutionary behavior and sociolinguistic factors. She explored the specific manife transfer in the use of direct apology speech act by Chinese English learners, and explored influence of gender and second language proficiency on pragmatic transfer. This study aims to explore useful insights and suggestions for foreign langu communicators by analyzing pragmatic phenomena in English and Chinese apology speech act from the perspectives of the cooperative principle and politeness principle.
从跨文化的角度出发，从中英道歉行为的语境特征以及中英文道歉行为的语言形式分析了影响不同层次道歉差异的原因，并提出了跨文化融合的建议。齐家婷（2018）在对中英道歉言语行为使用策略的比较中指出，认知和文化差异对中英文的道歉策略有显著影响。荣俊英（2016）在《汉语道歉语言运用中的语用迁移研究》中，从言语行为和社会语言学因素的角度，对直接道歉言语行为中的语用迁移进行了详细研究。她探讨了汉语学习者使用直接道歉言语行为中的具体手法迁移，并探讨了性别和第二语言能力对语用迁移的影响。本研究旨在从合作原则和礼貌原则的角度，对中英道歉言语行为中的语用现象进行分析，为外国语言传播者提供有益的见解和建议。
There is a lot of research on the two comedies in China, analyzing them from d perspectives, such akpartmentand Friends analyzing their humorous expressions, comparing apology speech act from a cross-cultural perspective, cultur
对这两部喜剧在中国的研究很多，从d的角度进行分析，比如《朋友》分析它们的幽默表达，从跨文化的角度比较道歉言论行为，文化
对这两部喜剧在中国的研究很多，从d的角度进行分析，比如《朋友》分析它们的幽默表达，从跨文化的角度比较道歉言论行为，文化
Friendsand Ipartmenthows that cultural reasons and social language also have an impact on apology; Han Yingjie (2024) mentioned that "there may be similarities and differences in the use of apology speech act and apology strategies due to cultural differences." Therefor differences are the main reason for the differences in apology, and we should pay attention cultural differences.
Friendsand Ipartment认为，文化原因和社会语言也会对道歉产生影响;韩英杰（2024）提到，“由于文化差异，道歉言语行为和道歉策略的使用可能存在异同。因此，差异是道歉差异的主要原因，我们应该注意文化差异。
We can see that there is relatively more research on apology speech act in both cultures, but we can still find that there is less research on apology speech act between English and Chinese cultures abroad, and how to improve cross-cultural communication through effective apology is still worth our attention.
我们可以看到，两种文化中对道歉言语行为的研究相对较多，但我们仍然可以发现，国外对中英文化之间的道歉言语行为的研究较少，如何通过有效的道歉来改善跨文化交际仍然值得我们关注。
我们可以看到，两种文化中对道歉言语行为的研究相对较多，但我们仍然可以发现，国外对中英文化之间的道歉言语行为的研究较少，如何通过有效的道歉来改善跨文化交际仍然值得我们关注。
3 The Differences of Expression of Apology Speech Act between
3 道歉言论表达的差异
Chinese and English 中文和英文
3.1 Expression of Apology Speech Act in Chinese
3.1 中文道歉言论表达法
China is a country with a "high context" culture, so there are many apologies in daily life. There are both direct and indirect expressions, and fewer speakers w directly use language containing apology symbols. More speakers express words with apology connotations, but they do not contain obvious symbolic apology words. Sometimes the speaker prefer using a long paragraph to explain the offending behavior or reinforce the
中国是一个“高语境”文化的国家，所以在日常生活中有很多道歉。有直接和间接的表达方式，直接使用包含道歉符号的语言的说话者较少。更多的说话者表达带有道歉含义的词语，但它们不包含明显的象征性道歉词语。有时，演讲者更喜欢使用长段落来解释冒犯行为或强化
methods of apology behavior.
道歉行为的方法。
中国是一个“高语境”文化的国家，所以在日常生活中有很多道歉。有直接和间接的表达方式，直接使用包含道歉符号的语言的说话者较少。更多的说话者表达带有道歉含义的词语，但它们不包含明显的象征性道歉词语。有时，演讲者更喜欢使用长段落来解释冒犯行为或强化
methods of apology behavior.
道歉行为的方法。
3.1.1 Direct Apology 3.1.1 直接道歉
According to data statistics,“不好意思”, “抱歉”, and “对不起” are the most frequently used expressions of apology in Chinese, with usage rates of
据资料统计，“不好意思”、“对不起”、“对不起”是中文中最常用的道歉用语，使用率分别为
据资料统计，“不好意思”、“对不起”、“对不起”是中文中最常用的道歉用语，使用率分别为
3.1.2 Requesting Forgiveness
3.1.2 请求宽恕
In general, after apologizing directly, in order to seek forgiveness from the other party. The expression used by Chinese people is “请(您/你)原谅/见谅/谅解/海涵/多包涵/别见怪/多担待、包涵” to express willingness to actively reconcile, express one's sincerity, and thus relationship between the two parties. This is mainly But in acquaintances or less formal occasions,原谅我吧” or more humorous expressions such as “是小的错，请大人原谅”. There is an ancient Chinese saying that goes, “大人有大过”.Take the initiative to place oneself in a humble position, and place the offended person i prestigious position, requesting forgiveness from the other party. What's more, we can express our sincerity in requesting forgiveness by giving a gift or card.
一般来说，直接道歉后，是为了寻求对方的原谅。中国人用的表达方式是“请（您/你）原谅/见谅/谅解/海涵/多包涵/别见怪/多担待、包涵”，以表达积极和解的意愿，表达自己的诚意，从而表达双方的关系。这主要是在熟人或不太正式的场合，原谅我吧“或更幽默的表达方式，如”是小的错，请大人原谅“。中国有句古话说，“大人有大过”。主动把自己放在卑微的位置上，把被冒犯的人放在有声望的位置，请求对方的原谅。更重要的是，我们可以通过赠送礼物或卡片来表达我们请求宽恕的诚意。
一般来说，直接道歉后，是为了寻求对方的原谅。中国人用的表达方式是“请（您/你）原谅/见谅/谅解/海涵/多包涵/别见怪/多担待、包涵”，以表达积极和解的意愿，表达自己的诚意，从而表达双方的关系。这主要是在熟人或不太正式的场合，原谅我吧“或更幽默的表达方式，如”是小的错，请大人原谅“。中国有句古话说，“大人有大过”。主动把自己放在卑微的位置上，把被冒犯的人放在有声望的位置，请求对方的原谅。更重要的是，我们可以通过赠送礼物或卡片来表达我们请求宽恕的诚意。
3.1.3 Apologizing for an Offence
3.1.3 为冒犯道歉
In Chinese culture, the word “赔罪” is only used if the offender has made a serious mistake. The apology speech act of “请罪、谢罪、赔罪、赔不是” is heavier, indicating that the speaker has committed a deeper level of error. Among th"e射罪” has the deepest degree of damage, and the formal tone of apology is also the deepestCompared to words, "谢罪" represents more of an act, it used to describe an extreme action taken by a person to apologize or admit their mistake. “赔不是” is more colloquial, and its expression of apology is lower than other similar words.
在中国文化中，“赔罪”一词只有在犯罪者犯了严重错误时才会使用。“请罪、谢罪、赔罪、赔不是”的道歉言语行为较重，说明说话者犯了更深层次的错误。其中“e射罪”的伤害程度最深，道歉的正式语气也是最深的，与文字相比，“谢罪”更多地代表了一种行为，它用来描述一个人为道歉或承认错误而采取的极端行动。“赔不是”比较口语化，其道歉的表达比其他类似词要低。
在中国文化中，“赔罪”一词只有在犯罪者犯了严重错误时才会使用。“请罪、谢罪、赔罪、赔不是”的道歉言语行为较重，说明说话者犯了更深层次的错误。其中“e射罪”的伤害程度最深，道歉的正式语气也是最深的，与文字相比，“谢罪”更多地代表了一种行为，它用来描述一个人为道歉或承认错误而采取的极端行动。“赔不是”比较口语化，其道歉的表达比其他类似词要低。
3.2 Expression of Apology Speech Act in English
3.2 英文道歉言论表达法
Most English speakers are from "low context" cultural countries, and their attitude towards apologizing is relatively direct and frank. In English culture, apologizing is seen as a personal responsibility and respect for others. When English speakers make mistakes or cat inconvenience to others, they usually apologize directly, acknowl express apologies to the affected parties. The most common and direct way for fore
大多数说英语的人来自“低语境”文化国家，他们对道歉的态度相对直接和坦率。在英国文化中，道歉被视为个人责任和对他人的尊重。当说英语的人犯错或给他人带来不便时，他们通常会直接道歉，向受影响的各方表示歉意。最常见和最直接的 fore 方式
apologize is through a simple "Sorry", "Excuse me" and so on.
道歉是通过简单的“对不起”、“对不起”等。
大多数说英语的人来自“低语境”文化国家，他们对道歉的态度相对直接和坦率。在英国文化中，道歉被视为个人责任和对他人的尊重。当说英语的人犯错或给他人带来不便时，他们通常会直接道歉，向受影响的各方表示歉意。最常见和最直接的 fore 方式
apologize is through a simple "Sorry", "Excuse me" and so on.
道歉是通过简单的“对不起”、“对不起”等。
3.2.1 Direct Apology 3.2.1 直接道歉
In English countries, when apologizing, it is usually done direct apology locally, rather than using indirect or vague expressions. In addition, when apologizing, attention should be paid to the tone and attitude, expressin determination to correct mistakes. At the same time, appropriate apology methods should also be selected based on the specific situation and target audience to avoid m unnecessary awkwardHess. are some commonly used apology exlpkes
在英语国家，道歉时，通常是在当地直接道歉，而不是使用间接或模糊的表达方式。此外，道歉时要注意语气和态度，表达改正错误的决心。同时，也要根据具体情况和目标受众选择合适的道歉方式，避免不必要的尴尬。是一些常用的道歉词，例如
在英语国家，道歉时，通常是在当地直接道歉，而不是使用间接或模糊的表达方式。此外，道歉时要注意语气和态度，表达改正错误的决心。同时，也要根据具体情况和目标受众选择合适的道歉方式，避免不必要的尴尬。是一些常用的道歉词，例如
3.2.2 Requesting Forgiveness
3.2.2 请求宽恕
In English culture, direct apologies are the most important, and in order to further request forgiveness from the other party, they usually use I beg your part "Please give me", "I'm sorry to have caused you any inconvenience", "I apologize for any mistake apologize for my behavior", "I hope you can find At the same time, make sure that your voice, facial expressions, and body langua sincerity and regret, so that the other person can feel your apology and the determ correct the mistake. In addition, it is necessary to choose an appropriate apology method based on the specific situation and target audience to avoid misund awkwardness.
在英語文化中，直接道歉是最重要的，為了進一步請求對方的原諒，他們通常會用我求求你的部分「請給我」、「很抱歉給你帶來了任何不便」、「我為任何錯誤道歉，為我行為道歉」、「我希望你能同時找到， 确保你的声音、面部表情、肢体都流露出诚意和悔意，让对方感受到你的道歉和改正错误。此外，还需要根据具体情况和目标受众选择合适的道歉方式，避免误会尴尬。
在英語文化中，直接道歉是最重要的，為了進一步請求對方的原諒，他們通常會用我求求你的部分「請給我」、「很抱歉給你帶來了任何不便」、「我為任何錯誤道歉，為我行為道歉」、「我希望你能同時找到， 确保你的声音、面部表情、肢体都流露出诚意和悔意，让对方感受到你的道歉和改正错误。此外，还需要根据具体情况和目标受众选择合适的道歉方式，避免误会尴尬。
From the above definition of apology, people place mor characteristics and emotional factors when apologizing, often feeling the need to apologize due to guilt in Chinese culture. Apologies arise from within and are expressed externally, function of apologies is mostly to express a feeling in the speaker's heart. On Western scholars pay more attention to the function and purpose of apology. People in English speaking countries often use apology as a means of etiquette communication, not focusing their own feelings, but rather on the external form of apology. This is the most direct factor that leads to the inconsistency in the expression of apologies betn The other factors that exist among them are also worth further research.
从上面对道歉的定义来看，人们在道歉时会放置一些特征和情感因素，在中国文化中，往往会因为内疚而感到需要道歉。道歉源于内部，向外表达，道歉的功能主要是表达说话者内心的一种感受。西方学者更关注道歉的功能和目的。英语国家的人经常把道歉作为一种礼仪沟通的手段，不是把自己的感受放在外在的道歉上。这是导致道歉表达不一致的最直接因素，其中存在的其他因素也值得进一步研究。
从上面对道歉的定义来看，人们在道歉时会放置一些特征和情感因素，在中国文化中，往往会因为内疚而感到需要道歉。道歉源于内部，向外表达，道歉的功能主要是表达说话者内心的一种感受。西方学者更关注道歉的功能和目的。英语国家的人经常把道歉作为一种礼仪沟通的手段，不是把自己的感受放在外在的道歉上。这是导致道歉表达不一致的最直接因素，其中存在的其他因素也值得进一步研究。
4 The Differences of Apology Speech Act Between Ipartment and
4 道歉言论法与道歉言论法的区别
Friends 朋友
Ipartment and Friends, as two beloved sitcoms, have also received much attention for their apologies. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the differences in the speech act of apology betwelqurtmen(Season 5) anfriend (Season 5), and explore the numerous factors behind them. The apology motivation infartment is more related to external situations,
《Ipartment》和《老友记》作为两部深受喜爱的情景喜剧，也因道歉而受到广泛关注。本研究的目的是比较和分析道歉（第5季）和朋友（第5季）之间的言语行为差异，并探讨其背后的众多因素。道歉动机的灌输更多地与外部情况有关，
while the apology motivationFiniendsis more derived from inner guilt and self-blame. This difference reflects people's different understandings and ways of handling apology behavior in two different cultural backgrounds. Learning the differences in apology between two cultures is for better communication and learning.
而道歉的动机则更多来自内心的内疚和自责。这种差异反映了人们在两种不同文化背景下对道歉行为的不同理解和处理方式。了解两种文化之间道歉的差异是为了更好地沟通和学习。
《Ipartment》和《老友记》作为两部深受喜爱的情景喜剧，也因道歉而受到广泛关注。本研究的目的是比较和分析道歉（第5季）和朋友（第5季）之间的言语行为差异，并探讨其背后的众多因素。道歉动机的灌输更多地与外部情况有关，
while the apology motivationFiniendsis more derived from inner guilt and self-blame. This difference reflects people's different understandings and ways of handling apology behavior in two different cultural backgrounds. Learning the differences in apology between two cultures is for better communication and learning.
而道歉的动机则更多来自内心的内疚和自责。这种差异反映了人们在两种不同文化背景下对道歉行为的不同理解和处理方式。了解两种文化之间道歉的差异是为了更好地沟通和学习。
4.1 Differences in the Needs of Apology
4.1 道歉需求的差异
There are many reasons for apologizing. According to the actual context and situation, the need for apology is inconsistepar
道歉的原因有很多。根据实际情况和情况，道歉的需要是不一致
道歉的原因有很多。根据实际情况和情况，道歉的需要是不一致
4.2 Differences in the Strategy of Apology
4.2 道歉策略的差异
InFrien,dthe strategy of apologizing usually includes expressing ap acknowledging mistakes, and being willing to take responsibility. For example, when a character makes a mistake, they will directly apologize to the affected person and express a willingness to compensate or correct the mistake. This form of apology is direct, sincere, and responsible. It the second episodeFofend,sRachel said to Phoebe, "I'm sorry about the whole lifting or thing." After apologizing, she requested reconciliation and proposed to come in and out together in the future.
InFrien，d道歉的策略通常包括表达承认错误，并愿意承担责任。例如，当一个角色犯了错误时，他们会直接向受影响的人道歉，并表示愿意补偿或纠正错误。这种形式的道歉是直接的、真诚的和负责任的。在第二集Fofend，sRachel对Phoebe说，“我对整个举重或事情感到抱歉。道歉后，她要求和解，并提出以后一起进出。
InFrien，d道歉的策略通常包括表达承认错误，并愿意承担责任。例如，当一个角色犯了错误时，他们会直接向受影响的人道歉，并表示愿意补偿或纠正错误。这种形式的道歉是直接的、真诚的和负责任的。在第二集Fofend，sRachel对Phoebe说，“我对整个举重或事情感到抱歉。道歉后，她要求和解，并提出以后一起进出。
In contrast, the apology strhaginay be more diverse and complex. Ir addition to expressing apologies directly, characters concealment to alleviate awkwardness or resolve conflicts. These strategies are usually designed to maintain interpersonal relationships and avoid awkwardness, ra problems or make up for mistakes. Apologies are rarely selminmentbecause they do not choose to apologize directly, but rather choose humor or choose not to apologize because their relationship is close enough. In the fourth episode of Ipartment, Zhao Haitang wants to catch up with the girl he likes and share a room with Zhang Wei. However, he accidentally causes Zhang Wei to be injured, and instead of apologizing directly, he shows an apologetic expression.
相比之下，道歉 strhaginay 更加多样化和复杂。除了直接表达歉意外，角色还隐藏以减轻尴尬或化解冲突。这些策略通常旨在维持人际关系，避免尴尬、问题或弥补错误。道歉很少是直接道歉的，因为他们不会选择直接道歉，而是选择幽默或选择不道歉，因为他们的关系足够亲密。在《Ipartment》第四集中，赵海棠想追上自己喜欢的女孩，和张伟合租一个房间。然而，他却不小心让张伟受伤，他没有直接道歉，而是露出了歉意的表情。
相比之下，道歉 strhaginay 更加多样化和复杂。除了直接表达歉意外，角色还隐藏以减轻尴尬或化解冲突。这些策略通常旨在维持人际关系，避免尴尬、问题或弥补错误。道歉很少是直接道歉的，因为他们不会选择直接道歉，而是选择幽默或选择不道歉，因为他们的关系足够亲密。在《Ipartment》第四集中，赵海棠想追上自己喜欢的女孩，和张伟合租一个房间。然而，他却不小心让张伟受伤，他没有直接道歉，而是露出了歉意的表情。
4.3 Differences in Frequency of Apology
4.3 道歉频率的差异
According to research, since both comedies revolve around several goo
根据研究，由于两部喜剧都围绕着几个粘液展开
relationship is close enough, and there are not many scenes of apologizi because of their intimate relationship that the emergence of conflicts becomes more real. This is more meaningful for research. The frequency of apdioginding rimlatively high. In Friends characters often apologize to each other for various reasons, such as not being able to attend appointments, saying the wrong thing, or making inappropriate episode, four sorry words appear in a conversation between Ross and Rachel about nosebleeds. Another example is that they also use relatively polite language to greet others when disturbing them, such as in the fourth episode "Excuse me, would you mind switching with me?" It can be seen that apologies are very common, with the purpose of valuing interpersonal relationships and emotional communication among characters, as well as their sincerity and effort interpersonal relationships.
关系足够亲密，道歉的场面并不多，因为他们的亲密关系让冲突的出现变得更加真实。这对研究更有意义。apdioginding 的频率非常高。在《老友记》中，角色经常因为各种原因互相道歉，例如无法参加约会、说错话或制作不恰当的情节，罗斯和瑞秋之间关于流鼻血的对话中出现了四个抱歉的字。另一个例子是，他们在打扰别人时也会用相对礼貌的语言打招呼，比如第四集“对不起，你介意和我换个吗？由此可见，道歉是很常见的，其目的是重视人物之间的人际关系和情感交流，以及他们对人际关系的真诚和努力。
根据研究，由于两部喜剧都围绕着几个粘液展开
relationship is close enough, and there are not many scenes of apologizi because of their intimate relationship that the emergence of conflicts becomes more real. This is more meaningful for research. The frequency of apdioginding rimlatively high. In Friends characters often apologize to each other for various reasons, such as not being able to attend appointments, saying the wrong thing, or making inappropriate episode, four sorry words appear in a conversation between Ross and Rachel about nosebleeds. Another example is that they also use relatively polite language to greet others when disturbing them, such as in the fourth episode "Excuse me, would you mind switching with me?" It can be seen that apologies are very common, with the purpose of valuing interpersonal relationships and emotional communication among characters, as well as their sincerity and effort interpersonal relationships.
关系足够亲密，道歉的场面并不多，因为他们的亲密关系让冲突的出现变得更加真实。这对研究更有意义。apdioginding 的频率非常高。在《老友记》中，角色经常因为各种原因互相道歉，例如无法参加约会、说错话或制作不恰当的情节，罗斯和瑞秋之间关于流鼻血的对话中出现了四个抱歉的字。另一个例子是，他们在打扰别人时也会用相对礼貌的语言打招呼，比如第四集“对不起，你介意和我换个吗？由此可见，道歉是很常见的，其目的是重视人物之间的人际关系和情感交流，以及他们对人际关系的真诚和努力。
In contrast, the frequency of apololgiestinenthay be relatively low. This may be related to the humor and humorous style of the play, where c awkwardness or conflicts through humor and ridicule rather than addition, the drama may focus more on the development of the plot and the interaction of t characters, rather than overly emphasizing the importance of apology.
相比之下，apololgiestinenthay的频率相对较低。这可能与该剧的幽默和幽默风格有关，即通过幽默和调侃而不是加法来表达尴尬或冲突，该剧可能更注重情节的发展和人物的互动，而不是过分强调道歉的重要性。
相比之下，apololgiestinenthay的频率相对较低。这可能与该剧的幽默和幽默风格有关，即通过幽默和调侃而不是加法来表达尴尬或冲突，该剧可能更注重情节的发展和人物的互动，而不是过分强调道歉的重要性。
4.4 Differences in the Use of Apology Speech Act Among Different Groups
4.4 不同群体使用道歉言论法的差异
In addition, differences in apology speech act also manifest in communicati different groups. In English culture, there is a strong tendency towards individualism, and people tend to directly express apologies and take responsibility. In Chinese culture, collectivism tends to be stronger, and people may be more inclined to use euphemisms or indirect ways to express apologies.
此外，道歉言语行为的差异也体现在交际者的不同群体中。在英国文化中，有强烈的个人主义倾向，人们倾向于直接表达歉意并承担责任。在中国文化中，集体主义往往更强，人们可能更倾向于使用委婉语或间接方式来表达歉意。
此外，道歉言语行为的差异也体现在交际者的不同群体中。在英国文化中，有强烈的个人主义倾向，人们倾向于直接表达歉意并承担责任。在中国文化中，集体主义往往更强，人们可能更倾向于使用委婉语或间接方式来表达歉意。
In terms of social relations, the use of apology speech act in English culture ma greater emphasis on equality and mutual respect. In Chinese culture, the use of apology speech act may place greater emphasis on differences in status and apologizing to elders or superiors may be more formal and solemn. The two comedies revolve around good friends from the same age group and social class, so their level of intimacy do not need to be explained too much. So the apologies between them are common daily apologies, and there is not much dialogue between superiors, subordinates, and di However, there are still many differences between the two works. In China, when it comes treating elders and strangers with higher levels or less familiarity, most of us choo respectful and humbletitude. When misunderstandings and mistakes occur, even if it is the elder who is wrong, the majority of apologies are still from the younger one. In English culture, there is rarely a problem with this hierarchical relationship. They individual equality and apology for who is wrongoth comedies, the similarity is that they tend to use more polite language and more formal apology language when dealing with friends
在社会关系方面，英国文化中道歉言语行为的使用马更加强调平等和相互尊重。在中国文化中，使用道歉言语可能更强调地位的差异，向长辈或上级道歉可能更正式和庄严。这两部喜剧都围绕着来自同年龄段、同社会阶层的好朋友展开，所以他们的亲密程度不需要过多解释。所以他们之间的道歉都是日常常见的道歉，上下、下级之间没有太多的对话，但是，两部作品之间还是有很多不同之处的。在中国，当谈到对待长辈和陌生人时，我们大多数人都会选择尊重和谦虚。当误会和错误发生时，即使是长辈错了，大多数道歉还是来自年幼者。在英国文化中，这种等级关系很少出现问题。他们个人平等，为谁是冤枉的喜剧道歉，相似之处在于他们在与朋友打交道时倾向于使用更礼貌的语言和更正式的道歉语言
在社会关系方面，英国文化中道歉言语行为的使用马更加强调平等和相互尊重。在中国文化中，使用道歉言语可能更强调地位的差异，向长辈或上级道歉可能更正式和庄严。这两部喜剧都围绕着来自同年龄段、同社会阶层的好朋友展开，所以他们的亲密程度不需要过多解释。所以他们之间的道歉都是日常常见的道歉，上下、下级之间没有太多的对话，但是，两部作品之间还是有很多不同之处的。在中国，当谈到对待长辈和陌生人时，我们大多数人都会选择尊重和谦虚。当误会和错误发生时，即使是长辈错了，大多数道歉还是来自年幼者。在英国文化中，这种等级关系很少出现问题。他们个人平等，为谁是冤枉的喜剧道歉，相似之处在于他们在与朋友打交道时倾向于使用更礼貌的语言和更正式的道歉语言
Friends a man goes to a memorial service and says, "Oops, I'm sorry. Excuse me. Is this th umm, the memorial?h the fifth episode dfartmen,tif someone drops something, they will say “不好意思” and ask the stranger to return it.
朋友们，一个男人去参加追悼会说：“哎呀，对不起。对不起。这是第五集的纪念馆吗，如果有人掉了东西，他们会说“不好意思”，并要求陌生人归还。
4.5 Differences in Responding to Apologies
4.5 回应道歉的差异
In interpersonal communication, when conflicts arise, the way of apologizing varies, there are still differences in the way of responding to apologies. In English culture, the way of responding to an apology may benore direct and cleaer, expressing acceptance or rejection of the apology. In Chinese culture, the way of replying to an apology may be more tar vaguer, expressing understanding or indifference towards the other party.
在人际交往中，当冲突出现时，道歉的方式各不相同，回应道歉的方式还是有差异的。在英国文化中，回应道歉的方式可能是直接的和更严厉的，表达对道歉的接受或拒绝。在中国文化中，回复道歉的方式可能更模糊，表达对对方的理解或冷漠。
在人际交往中，当冲突出现时，道歉的方式各不相同，回应道歉的方式还是有差异的。在英国文化中，回应道歉的方式可能是直接的和更严厉的，表达对道歉的接受或拒绝。在中国文化中，回复道歉的方式可能更模糊，表达对对方的理解或冷漠。
In episode 19 of Friends, Rachel asks Phoebe to apologize for losing Monica's earrings. "I'm sorry! I am so, so sorry!" And Monica "All right well, I mean, what can you do? If you lost it, you lost it." But when Rachel admits to losing the earrings herself, Monica is that "exactly why I do not lend you stuff!! Okay?!," It can be seen that apologies towards different friends will be responded to base on the closeness of the relationship. Because Rachel always loses Monic things, she is angrier with her, but this does not affect their relationship.
在《老友记》第 19 集中，瑞秋要求菲比为丢失莫妮卡的耳环道歉。“对不起！我很抱歉！莫妮卡“好吧，我的意思是，你能做什么？如果你失去了它，你就失去了它。但是，当瑞秋承认自己丢失了耳环时，莫妮卡说：“这正是我不借给你东西的原因！好?!,“ 可以看出，对不同朋友的道歉会根据关系的亲密程度做出回应。因为瑞秋总是失去莫尼克的东西，所以她对她更生气，但这并不影响他们的关系。
在《老友记》第 19 集中，瑞秋要求菲比为丢失莫妮卡的耳环道歉。“对不起！我很抱歉！莫妮卡“好吧，我的意思是，你能做什么？如果你失去了它，你就失去了它。但是，当瑞秋承认自己丢失了耳环时，莫妮卡说：“这正是我不借给你东西的原因！好?!,“ 可以看出，对不同朋友的道歉会根据关系的亲密程度做出回应。因为瑞秋总是失去莫尼克的东西，所以她对她更生气，但这并不影响他们的关系。
InIpartmenthe motivation for apologizing is often related to external si events. For example, due to certain force majeure reasons (such as natural disasters, accidents, etc.), characters may feel the need to apologize to the affected party. In addition, in some cases, characters may choose to apologize for maintaining interpersonal relati
InIpartmen道歉的动机通常与外部事件有关。例如，由于某些不可抗力原因（如自然灾害、事故等），角色可能会觉得有必要向受影响方道歉。此外，在某些情况下，角色可能会选择为维持人际关系而道歉
InIpartmen道歉的动机通常与外部事件有关。例如，由于某些不可抗力原因（如自然灾害、事故等），角色可能会觉得有必要向受影响方道歉。此外，在某些情况下，角色可能会选择为维持人际关系而道歉
forgiveness and not too much language to reply.
宽恕，没有太多的语言来回复。
In contrast, Fwiendsthe motivation for apologizing comes more from the charact inner guilt and self-blame. These guilt and self-blame can stem from im actions, hurting the feelings of friends, or violating moral standards. Apologizing has become a way for them to express guilt, repentanceThend we elk hfaoveg iwerrbeas forgiveness when facing apologies from others, giving them positive forgiveness.
相比之下，Fwiends道歉的动机更多来自内心的内疚和自责。这些内疚和自责可能源于我的行为，伤害了朋友的感情，或违反了道德标准。道歉已经成为他们表达内疚、忏悔的一种方式，然后我们在面对他人的道歉时会原谅他们，给予他们积极的原谅。
相比之下，Fwiends道歉的动机更多来自内心的内疚和自责。这些内疚和自责可能源于我的行为，伤害了朋友的感情，或违反了道德标准。道歉已经成为他们表达内疚、忏悔的一种方式，然后我们在面对他人的道歉时会原谅他们，给予他们积极的原谅。
In summary, the responses to apologies from two cultures precisely reflect that in Chinese, when someone apologizes, the recipient of the apology usually shows humility and politeness, and may say words没兑䒺a”s ơ “你不用这样” to show understanding and tolerance. This reflects the values of harmony, emphasis on collective interests in Chinese culture. In English culture, "It's OK" or "Don't worry about it" are used to express understanding and acceptance of an apology. This response sty reflects the cultural values of individualism, direct expression, and self-worth in Western culture.
综上所述，两种文化对道歉的回应恰恰反映了，在中文中，当有人道歉时，道歉的接受者通常表现出谦逊和礼貌，并可能说出“你不用这样”来表示理解和宽容。这反映了中国文化中和谐的价值观，强调集体利益。在英国文化中，“没关系”或“别担心”被用来表达对道歉的理解和接受。这种回应反映了西方文化中个人主义、直接表达和自我价值的文化价值观。
综上所述，两种文化对道歉的回应恰恰反映了，在中文中，当有人道歉时，道歉的接受者通常表现出谦逊和礼貌，并可能说出“你不用这样”来表示理解和宽容。这反映了中国文化中和谐的价值观，强调集体利益。在英国文化中，“没关系”或“别担心”被用来表达对道歉的理解和接受。这种回应反映了西方文化中个人主义、直接表达和自我价值的文化价值观。
This difference reflects people's different understandings a behavior in two different cultural backgrounds.
这种差异反映了人们在两种不同文化背景下对行为的不同理解。
这种差异反映了人们在两种不同文化背景下对行为的不同理解。
5 The Reasons for the Differences in Apology Speech Act Between
5 道歉言论法差异的原因
English and Chinese 英文和中文
In the context of apology in English and Chinese, cultural factors are one driving forces that lead to language differences, as well as factors such as high context culture and low context culture, personal personality, gender, etc., which can even be considered normal physiological expressions in English culture as reasons for apology. In the Chinese context, it is a very normal phenomenon that does not require too much attention. U differences helps to better engage in cross-cultural communication, enhanc
在英汉语的道歉语境中，文化因素是导致语言差异的驱动力之一，还有高语境文化与低语境文化、个人性格、性别等因素，这些因素甚至可以被认为是英语文化中的正常生理表达作为道歉的原因。在中国语境中，这是一个非常正常的现象，不需要太多的关注。U差异有助于更好地进行跨文化交流，增强
skills, and achieve good communication outcomes.
技能，并取得良好的沟通成果。
在英汉语的道歉语境中，文化因素是导致语言差异的驱动力之一，还有高语境文化与低语境文化、个人性格、性别等因素，这些因素甚至可以被认为是英语文化中的正常生理表达作为道歉的原因。在中国语境中，这是一个非常正常的现象，不需要太多的关注。U差异有助于更好地进行跨文化交流，增强
skills, and achieve good communication outcomes.
技能，并取得良好的沟通成果。
5.1 Cultural Differences
5.1 文化差异
The cultural differences between English and Chinese apology express reflected in the following aspects:
中英文道歉所表达的文化差异体现在以下几个方面：
中英文道歉所表达的文化差异体现在以下几个方面：
Firstly, in English culture, people have a higher level of independence and place emphasis on politeness and respect. Even people with high levels of intimacy o speech act of apology. On the contrary, Chinese culture emphasizes emotional connections and mutual understanding between people, and apologies to acquaintances and family members are often a simple "I'm sorry" or even not said.
首先，在英国文化中，人们具有更高的独立性，并强调礼貌和尊重。即使是高度亲密的人也会道歉。相反，中国文化强调人与人之间的情感联系和相互理解，对熟人和家人的道歉往往是简单的“对不起”，甚至不说。
首先，在英国文化中，人们具有更高的独立性，并强调礼貌和尊重。即使是高度亲密的人也会道歉。相反，中国文化强调人与人之间的情感联系和相互理解，对熟人和家人的道歉往往是简单的“对不起”，甚至不说。
Secondly, in terms of status, China is more sensitive to status. Superiors generally do no apologize to subordinates, and the speech act of apology is often simple and frequency of apologies from subordinates to superiors is sign apologies are generally adopted. In English culture, it is more emphasized th equal, and status has little influence on whether to apologize or not. The choice strategy mainly depends on the level of offense.
其次，在地位方面，中国对地位更为敏感。上级一般不向下属道歉，道歉的言语行为往往很简单，下级对上级道歉的频率是一般采用的表示歉意。在英国文化中，它更强调平等，地位对是否道歉影响不大。选择策略主要取决于进攻的程度。
其次，在地位方面，中国对地位更为敏感。上级一般不向下属道歉，道歉的言语行为往往很简单，下级对上级道歉的频率是一般采用的表示歉意。在英国文化中，它更强调平等，地位对是否道歉影响不大。选择策略主要取决于进攻的程度。
In addition, in the eyes of British and American people, apologies are a tool to highl respect for personal interests. They consider apologizing as an ac However, in the eyes of Chinese people, the attitude of apologizing is equivalent to the degree of offense, so the number of apologies by Chinese people is far less than tha American people.
此外，在英美两国人民眼中，道歉是高度尊重个人利益的工具。他们认为道歉是一种交流，但在中国人眼里，道歉的态度等同于冒犯的程度，所以中国人的道歉次数远远少于美国人。
此外，在英美两国人民眼中，道歉是高度尊重个人利益的工具。他们认为道歉是一种交流，但在中国人眼里，道歉的态度等同于冒犯的程度，所以中国人的道歉次数远远少于美国人。
In terms of specific language use, there are also various ways of expressing apologies English and Chinese. Depending on the degree of offense, a more formal or simple method can be chosen. For example, in Chinese, “对不起” and “不好意思” is a common simple apology method, while in English, "I'm sorry." is also a common apology term.
在具体语言使用方面，也有多种表达歉意的方式，英文和中文。根据冒犯的程度，可以选择更正式或更简单的方法。例如，在中文中，“对不起”和“不好意思”是一种常见的简单道歉方式，而在英语中，“对不起”也是一个常见的道歉词。
在具体语言使用方面，也有多种表达歉意的方式，英文和中文。根据冒犯的程度，可以选择更正式或更简单的方法。例如，在中文中，“对不起”和“不好意思”是一种常见的简单道歉方式，而在英语中，“对不起”也是一个常见的道歉词。
In summary, the cultural differences between English and Chinese apology expressions are mainly reflected in their independence, status, frequency of use, and specific language Understanding these differences helps to better engage in cross-cultural communication, enhance communication skills, and achieve good communication outcomes.
综上所述，中英文道歉表达的文化差异主要体现在它们的独立性、地位、使用频率和具体语言上，了解这些差异有助于更好地进行跨文化交际，提升沟通技巧，取得良好的沟通效果。
综上所述，中英文道歉表达的文化差异主要体现在它们的独立性、地位、使用频率和具体语言上，了解这些差异有助于更好地进行跨文化交际，提升沟通技巧，取得良好的沟通效果。
5.2 Thinking Modes 5.2 思维模式
The differences in thinking patterns between English and Chinese apology expressions are mainly reflected in the differences between high-context cultures and low-context cultures.
英汉道歉表达思维模式的差异主要体现在高语境文化与低语境文化的差异上。
英汉道歉表达思维模式的差异主要体现在高语境文化与低语境文化的差异上。
China belongs to a high context cultural country, emphasizing the speaker's context and the meaning expressed. Information is usually conveyed through implied meaning, and speech acts are highly influenced and constrained by context. When apologizing, on attention to interpersonal relationships and the other person's emotions, and tries to avoid direct conflicts.
中国属于高语境文化国，强调说话者的语境和所表达的意思。信息通常通过隐含的意义来传达，言语行为受到上下文的高度影响和约束。道歉时，要注意人际关系和对方的情绪，并尽量避免直接冲突。
中国属于高语境文化国，强调说话者的语境和所表达的意思。信息通常通过隐含的意义来传达，言语行为受到上下文的高度影响和约束。道歉时，要注意人际关系和对方的情绪，并尽量避免直接冲突。
However, UK belongs to a low-context cultural country and places greater emphasis on the information content in dialogue, emphasizing individualism apologizing, one tends to directly acknowledge mistakes or offen apology.
然而，英国属于低语境文化国家，更强调对话中的信息内容，强调个人主义道歉，倾向于直接承认错误或冒犯道歉。
然而，英国属于低语境文化国家，更强调对话中的信息内容，强调个人主义道歉，倾向于直接承认错误或冒犯道歉。
This difference in thinking patterns leads to differences in the specific
这种思维模式的差异导致了具体的差异
frequency of the speech act of apology between English and Chinese. For example, people may apologize through euphemistic and indirect expressions to avoid direct conflict and damage to the other party's face. British people, on the other hand, t apologies directly and use simple and clear apology speech act.
中英文之间道歉的言语行为的频率。例如，人们可能会通过委婉和间接的表达方式道歉，以避免直接冲突和对对方脸部的伤害。另一方面，英国人直接道歉，并使用简单明了的道歉言论。
这种思维模式的差异导致了具体的差异
frequency of the speech act of apology between English and Chinese. For example, people may apologize through euphemistic and indirect expressions to avoid direct conflict and damage to the other party's face. British people, on the other hand, t apologies directly and use simple and clear apology speech act.
中英文之间道歉的言语行为的频率。例如，人们可能会通过委婉和间接的表达方式道歉，以避免直接冲突和对对方脸部的伤害。另一方面，英国人直接道歉，并使用简单明了的道歉言论。
Overall, the differences in thinking patterns between English and Chinese apology speech acts are mainly reflected in the characteristics of high-context cultures and low-context cultures, as well as the resulting differences in apology methods Understanding these differences helps to better engage in cross-cultural communication, enhance communication skills, and achieve good communication outcomes.
总体来看，英汉道歉言语行为在思维模式上的差异主要体现在高语境文化和低语境文化的特征上，以及由此产生的道歉方式的差异，了解这些差异有助于更好地进行跨文化交际，提升沟通技巧，取得良好的交际效果。
总体来看，英汉道歉言语行为在思维模式上的差异主要体现在高语境文化和低语境文化的特征上，以及由此产生的道歉方式的差异，了解这些差异有助于更好地进行跨文化交际，提升沟通技巧，取得良好的交际效果。
5.3 Personal Factors 5.3 个人因素
In terms of personal factors, there are also certain differences in the speech act of apology between English and Chinese.
在个人因素方面，中英文在道歉的言语行为上也存在一定差异。
在个人因素方面，中英文在道歉的言语行为上也存在一定差异。
Firstly, personality factors have a certain influence on the use of the speech act of apology in both English and Chinese. For example, in English culture, people tend to express apologies directly, which may be related to their open and straightforward personality traits. In
首先，人格因素对中英文道歉言语行为的使用有一定的影响。例如，在英国文化中，人们倾向于直接表达道歉，这可能与他们开放和直率的性格特征有关。在文化中
首先，人格因素对中英文道歉言语行为的使用有一定的影响。例如，在英国文化中，人们倾向于直接表达道歉，这可能与他们开放和直率的性格特征有关。在文化中
Secondly, gender factors also have an impact on the use of the speech act of apology in both English and Chinese. In English culture, women are often considered the more polite and polite party, so they may use apologies more frequently. In Chinese culture, men usually p attention to etiquette and politeness in social situations, so they may be more incline more formal and solemn expressions when apologizing.
其次，性别因素也会影响中英文对道歉言语行为的使用。在英国文化中，女性通常被认为是更有礼貌和礼貌的一方，因此她们可能会更频繁地使用道歉。在中国文化中，男性在社交场合通常注重礼仪和礼貌，因此在道歉时可能更倾向于更正式和庄严的表达。
其次，性别因素也会影响中英文对道歉言语行为的使用。在英国文化中，女性通常被认为是更有礼貌和礼貌的一方，因此她们可能会更频繁地使用道歉。在中国文化中，男性在社交场合通常注重礼仪和礼貌，因此在道歉时可能更倾向于更正式和庄严的表达。
In addition, age also has an impact on the use of the speech act of apology in English and Chinese. In English culture, young people are often seen as the more direct and frank party, so they may prefer to use simple and clear expressions when apologizing. In Chinese culture, older people usually pay more attention to etiquette and rules, so they may be more inclined to more solemn and respectful expressions when apologizing.
此外，年龄也会影响中英文道歉的言语行为的使用。在英国文化中，年轻人通常被视为更直接、更坦率的一方，因此他们在道歉时可能更喜欢使用简单明了的表达方式。在中国文化中，老年人通常更注重礼仪和规则，因此他们在道歉时可能更倾向于更庄重和尊重的表情。
此外，年龄也会影响中英文道歉的言语行为的使用。在英国文化中，年轻人通常被视为更直接、更坦率的一方，因此他们在道歉时可能更喜欢使用简单明了的表达方式。在中国文化中，老年人通常更注重礼仪和规则，因此他们在道歉时可能更倾向于更庄重和尊重的表情。
Overall, personal factors have a certain impact on the use of the speech act of apology in English and Chinese, including personality, gender, and age. Understanding these d helps to better engage in cross-cultural communication, enhance commun achieve good communication outcomes.
总体来看，个人因素对中英文道歉言语行为的使用有一定的影响，包括性格、性别、年龄等。了解这些有助于更好地进行跨文化交流，增强交流，取得良好的沟通效果。
总体来看，个人因素对中英文道歉言语行为的使用有一定的影响，包括性格、性别、年龄等。了解这些有助于更好地进行跨文化交流，增强交流，取得良好的沟通效果。
5.4 Other Factors 5.4 其他因素
In addition to personal factors such as personality, gender, and age, there are al other differences in the speech act of apology between English and Chinese. For example, fc some physiological symptoms that are considered normal, such as hiccups, sneezing, coughing, farting, etc., it may also be a reason for apology in English culture, while in Chinese culture it may not be necessary to apologize.
除了性格、性别和年龄等个人因素外，英语和中文在道歉的言语行为上还存在其他差异。例如，一些被认为是正常的生理症状，如打嗝、打喷嚏、咳嗽、放屁等，在英国文化中也可能是道歉的理由，而在中国文化中可能没有必要道歉。
除了性格、性别和年龄等个人因素外，英语和中文在道歉的言语行为上还存在其他差异。例如，一些被认为是正常的生理症状，如打嗝、打喷嚏、咳嗽、放屁等，在英国文化中也可能是道歉的理由，而在中国文化中可能没有必要道歉。
In summary, there are various differences in the speech act of apology between English and Chinese, including cultural differences, thinking mode, personal f Understanding these differences helps to better engage in cross-cultural communication, enhance communication skills, and achieve good communication outcomes.
综上所述，英汉双方在道歉的言语行为上存在各种差异，包括文化差异、思维模式、个人差异等，了解这些差异有助于更好地进行跨文化交际，提高沟通技巧，取得良好的沟通效果。
综上所述，英汉双方在道歉的言语行为上存在各种差异，包括文化差异、思维模式、个人差异等，了解这些差异有助于更好地进行跨文化交际，提高沟通技巧，取得良好的沟通效果。
6 How to Effectively Apologize in Cross-Cultural Communication
6 如何在跨文化交际中有效道歉
In cross-cultural communication, how to effectively apologize or communicate effectively has always been a challenge worth exploring. Simple and direct, expressing sincer responsibility, requesting forgiveness, avoiding repetition, and differences. No matter which language you use, it is necessary to express yourself language, avoiding twists and turns, so that the other party can directly understand your apology. Secondly, when apologizing, the tone must be sincere, showing a sincere attit apology. Apologizing alone is not enough. It is very important to show that you are willing th take responsibility, which can make the other party fe responsibility. The ultimate purpose of apologizing is to request forgiveness, which can ease the relationship between both parties, so do not ignore its role. Due to cultural differences, the most important thing is to respect each other's cultural habits and not belittle any culture of different races. This is the fusion of cultural diversity and the exchange and collision between differe cultures.
在跨文化交际中，如何有效地道歉或有效沟通一直是一个值得探索的挑战。简单直接，表达真诚的责任，请求原谅，避免重复和分歧。不管用哪种语言，都要用语言来表达自己，避免曲折，让对方直接听懂你的道歉。其次，道歉时，语气要诚恳，表现出诚恳的道歉。光有道歉是不够的。表明你愿意承担责任是非常重要的，这可以使对方承担责任。道歉的最终目的是为了请求原谅，这样可以缓和双方的关系，所以不要忽视它的作用。由于文化差异，最重要的是尊重彼此的文化习惯，不要贬低任何不同种族的文化。这是文化多样性的融合，是不同文化之间的交流与碰撞。
在跨文化交际中，如何有效地道歉或有效沟通一直是一个值得探索的挑战。简单直接，表达真诚的责任，请求原谅，避免重复和分歧。不管用哪种语言，都要用语言来表达自己，避免曲折，让对方直接听懂你的道歉。其次，道歉时，语气要诚恳，表现出诚恳的道歉。光有道歉是不够的。表明你愿意承担责任是非常重要的，这可以使对方承担责任。道歉的最终目的是为了请求原谅，这样可以缓和双方的关系，所以不要忽视它的作用。由于文化差异，最重要的是尊重彼此的文化习惯，不要贬低任何不同种族的文化。这是文化多样性的融合，是不同文化之间的交流与碰撞。
6.1 Simple and Direct
6.1 简单直接
When apologizing simply and directly between English an expressions can be used in English is "I'm sorry." And in Chinese is"对不起”.
当在英语之间简单直接地道歉时，英语中的表达方式是“对不起”。在中文中是“对不起”。
当在英语之间简单直接地道歉时，英语中的表达方式是“对不起”。在中文中是“对不起”。
This simple expression can directly express one's apologies without excessive explanation or embellishment. In English, "I'm sorry" is a universal expression of apology that can be used in various occasions, including apologizing, expressing gratitude, exp Chinese对不起” is also a very common apology term, which can directly expre apologies and gubimetimes a simple "sorry" can directly resolve a conflict betwee people and make the other person not alingtke first episode of Friends, "You spit on me, man." and the other party directly used "I'm sorry." to alleviate the conflict.
这种简单的表达方式可以直接表达一个人的歉意，无需过多的解释或修饰。在英语中，“对不起”是道歉的通用表达，可以在各种场合使用，包括道歉、表达感激之情、exp 中文对不起“也是一个很常见的道歉词，它可以直接表达歉意，而一句简单的”对不起“可以直接化解人与人之间的冲突，让对方不高兴《老友记》第一集， “你向我吐口水，伙计”，而对方直接用“对不起”来缓和冲突。
这种简单的表达方式可以直接表达一个人的歉意，无需过多的解释或修饰。在英语中，“对不起”是道歉的通用表达，可以在各种场合使用，包括道歉、表达感激之情、exp 中文对不起“也是一个很常见的道歉词，它可以直接表达歉意，而一句简单的”对不起“可以直接化解人与人之间的冲突，让对方不高兴《老友记》第一集， “你向我吐口水，伙计”，而对方直接用“对不起”来缓和冲突。
In addition to this basic way of apologizing, other appropriate expression chosen based on the specific situation and occasion. It should be noted that in some cultures, the expression of apology may be more tactful or implicit, while in other cultures it may be mor direct and franler. Therefore, in cross-cultural communication, it is important to understand the other party's cultural habits and expressions to avoid misunderstandings and conflicts.
除了这种基本的道歉方式外，还可以根据具体情况和场合选择其他适当的表达方式。应该注意的是，在某些文化中，道歉的表达可能更委婉或含蓄，而在其他文化中，它可能是直接和更粗暴的。因此，在跨文化交际中，了解对方的文化习惯和表达方式很重要，以避免误解和冲突。
除了这种基本的道歉方式外，还可以根据具体情况和场合选择其他适当的表达方式。应该注意的是，在某些文化中，道歉的表达可能更委婉或含蓄，而在其他文化中，它可能是直接和更粗暴的。因此，在跨文化交际中，了解对方的文化习惯和表达方式很重要，以避免误解和冲突。
6.2 Expressing Sincerity
6.2 表达诚意
Express sincerity between English and Chinese apologies. Firstly sincere. Whether in English or Chinese, when apologizing, the tone must be sincere, showing a sincere attitude and inner apology. Avoid using a cold or perfunctory tone to avoid making the other person feel that your apology lacks sirfomieyimes, they are not really angry, they just want to see if your attitude towards this matter is sincere. When Hu Yifei invited her friends to add creativity to her gallery style hoplot ine, ther friends only gave her very bizarre ideas and pictures. She was very angry when she saw them and expressed understanding when her friends said, “对不起啊，一菲，我们的创意有限”。
用英文和中文表达诚意的道歉。首先是真诚的。无论是英文还是中文，道歉时，语气一定要真诚，表现出诚恳的态度和内心的歉意。避免使用冷冰冰或敷衍的语气，以免让对方觉得你的道歉缺乏诚意，他们并不是真的生气，他们只是想看看你对这件事的态度是否真诚。当胡 Yifei邀请她的朋友为她的画廊风格hoplot ine添加创意时，其他朋友只给了她非常奇怪的想法和图片。当她看到他们时，她非常生气，当她的朋友说“对不起啊，一菲，我们的创意有限”时，她表示理解。
用英文和中文表达诚意的道歉。首先是真诚的。无论是英文还是中文，道歉时，语气一定要真诚，表现出诚恳的态度和内心的歉意。避免使用冷冰冰或敷衍的语气，以免让对方觉得你的道歉缺乏诚意，他们并不是真的生气，他们只是想看看你对这件事的态度是否真诚。当胡 Yifei邀请她的朋友为她的画廊风格hoplot ine添加创意时，其他朋友只给了她非常奇怪的想法和图片。当她看到他们时，她非常生气，当她的朋友说“对不起啊，一菲，我们的创意有限”时，她表示理解。
Secondly, it is important to express in detail. When apologizing, be specific a mistake and behavior, and avoid using vague or ambiguous language. Specifically exp their mistakes can make the other person feel their sincerity and sense of responsibility.
其次，详细表达很重要。道歉时，要具体说明错误和行为，避免使用含糊不清的语言。具体来说，他们的错误可以让对方感受到他们的真诚和责任感。
其次，详细表达很重要。道歉时，要具体说明错误和行为，避免使用含糊不清的语言。具体来说，他们的错误可以让对方感受到他们的真诚和责任感。
Another point is to explain the reason for the apology. When apologizing, explaining reason for your mistake can help the other party better understand your situation and thoughts. But be careful not to make excuses for your mistakes, so as not to make the other person fee that they are shirking responsibility.
另一点是解释道歉的原因。道歉时，解释你犯错的原因可以帮助对方更好地了解你的处境和想法。但要注意不要为自己的错误找借口，以免让对方认为他们在推卸责任。
另一点是解释道歉的原因。道歉时，解释你犯错的原因可以帮助对方更好地了解你的处境和想法。但要注意不要为自己的错误找借口，以免让对方认为他们在推卸责任。
Finally, they need to propose remedial measures and indicate that they will no longer make mistakes. When apologizing, proposing remedial measures can make the other party feel yo sincerity and sense of responsibility. You can propose some specific remedial measures, such as compensating for losses, correcting errors, etc.
最后，他们需要提出补救措施，并表明他们不会再犯错误。道歉时，提出补救措施可以让对方感受到诚意和责任感。您可以提出一些具体的补救措施，例如赔偿损失、纠正错误等。
最后，他们需要提出补救措施，并表明他们不会再犯错误。道歉时，提出补救措施可以让对方感受到诚意和责任感。您可以提出一些具体的补救措施，例如赔偿损失、纠正错误等。
And ensuring to the other party that you will avoid repeating mistakes can dem your determination and sincerity. At the same time, you can also express gratitude to the other party, acknowledging their understanding and support.
向对方保证你会避免重蹈覆辙，这可以削弱你的决心和诚意。同时，你也可以向对方表达感谢，感谢他们的理解和支持。
向对方保证你会避免重蹈覆辙，这可以削弱你的决心和诚意。同时，你也可以向对方表达感谢，感谢他们的理解和支持。
6.3 Responsibility 6.3 责任
It is very important to express willingness to take responsibility w English and Chinese, as this can make the other party feel your responsibility.
用英语和中文表达承担责任的意愿非常重要，因为这会让对方感受到你的责任。
用英语和中文表达承担责任的意愿非常重要，因为这会让对方感受到你的责任。
In English, expressions such as "I will take responsibility for it" or "I will make doesn't happen again" can be used to assume responsibility. In Chinese, expressior “我会负责到底” or “我会确保不再发生类似的事情” can be used to assume responsibility. In episode 19 of Friends, when Phoebe apologized for losing her earrings instead of Rachel, she said "I will replace it, I promise. I feel so territory."
在英语中，诸如“I will take responsibility for it”或“I will make doesn't happen again”之类的表达方式可以用来承担责任。在中文中，表达“我会负责到底”或“我会确保不再发生类似的事情”可以用来承担责任。在《老友记》第 19 集中，当菲比为丢失耳环而不是瑞秋而道歉时，她说：“我会更换它，我保证。我感觉很有领地感。
在英语中，诸如“I will take responsibility for it”或“I will make doesn't happen again”之类的表达方式可以用来承担责任。在中文中，表达“我会负责到底”或“我会确保不再发生类似的事情”可以用来承担责任。在《老友记》第 19 集中，当菲比为丢失耳环而不是瑞秋而道歉时，她说：“我会更换它，我保证。我感觉很有领地感。
In addition to directly assuming responsibility, specific remedial meas proposed, such as compensating for losses, correcting errors, etc. This can make the other person feel that you are willing to take responsibility for your mistakes and take action to correct them.
除了直接承担责任外，还提出了具体的补救措施，例如赔偿损失、纠正错误等。这会让对方觉得你愿意为自己的错误承担责任，并采取行动纠正错误。
除了直接承担责任外，还提出了具体的补救措施，例如赔偿损失、纠正错误等。这会让对方觉得你愿意为自己的错误承担责任，并采取行动纠正错误。
In short, expressing willingness to take responsibility when apologizing can enhan other party's trust and identification, and also help maintain interpersona reputation. Therefore, when engaging in cross-cultural communication betw Chinese, it is important to understand each other's cultural habits and expressic smooth communication and exchange.
简而言之，在道歉时表达愿意承担责任的意愿可以增强对方的信任和认同感，也有助于维护人际声誉。因此，在进行中国人之间的跨文化交际时，了解彼此的文化习惯并表达顺畅的沟通和交流是很重要的。
简而言之，在道歉时表达愿意承担责任的意愿可以增强对方的信任和认同感，也有助于维护人际声誉。因此，在进行中国人之间的跨文化交际时，了解彼此的文化习惯并表达顺畅的沟通和交流是很重要的。
6.4 Request for Forgiveness
6.4 请求宽恕
In the expression of apology in English and Chinese, requesting forgiveness can ease th relationship between both parties. Sentences such as "I hope “我希望你能原谅我” are usually used. This expression can directly express one's requests and wishes, hoping that the other party can understand one's mistakes and actions.
在用英文和中文表达歉意时，请求原谅可以缓和双方的关系。通常使用诸如“我希望你能原谅我”之类的句子。这种表达方式可以直接表达自己的要求和愿望，希望对方能够理解自己的错误和行为。
在用英文和中文表达歉意时，请求原谅可以缓和双方的关系。通常使用诸如“我希望你能原谅我”之类的句子。这种表达方式可以直接表达自己的要求和愿望，希望对方能够理解自己的错误和行为。
In English, "I hope you can forgive me" is a relatively euphemistic expression that can be used to request forgiveness from the other party. In C笺狶望你能原谅我” is also a relatively gentle expression, which can directly express your requests and wishes. In addition to this basic way of expression, other appropriate expressions can also be chosen based on specific situations and occasions. For example, in English, expressions such as "I sincerely ask for your
在英语中，“我希望你能原谅我”是一个相对委婉的表达方式，可以用来请求对方的原谅。在C笺狶望你能原谅我“也是一个比较温和的表达方式，可以直接表达你的要求和愿望。除了这种基本的表达方式外，还可以根据具体情况和场合选择其他适当的表达方式。例如，在英语中，诸如“我真诚地要求你的
forgiveness" or "I humbly beg for your forgiveness" can also be used to request forgiveness; In Chinese, expressions such as “恳求您的谅解” or “请求您的宽恕” can also be used to express a request for forgiveness.
宽恕“或”我谦卑地乞求你的宽恕“也可以用来请求宽恕;在中文中，“恳求您的谅解”或“请求您的宽恕”等表达方式也可以用来表达请求宽恕。
在英语中，“我希望你能原谅我”是一个相对委婉的表达方式，可以用来请求对方的原谅。在C笺狶望你能原谅我“也是一个比较温和的表达方式，可以直接表达你的要求和愿望。除了这种基本的表达方式外，还可以根据具体情况和场合选择其他适当的表达方式。例如，在英语中，诸如“我真诚地要求你的
forgiveness" or "I humbly beg for your forgiveness" can also be used to request forgiveness; In Chinese, expressions such as “恳求您的谅解” or “请求您的宽恕” can also be used to express a request for forgiveness.
宽恕“或”我谦卑地乞求你的宽恕“也可以用来请求宽恕;在中文中，“恳求您的谅解”或“请求您的宽恕”等表达方式也可以用来表达请求宽恕。
It should be noted that in some cultures, the expression of requesting forgiveness may be more tactful or implicit, while in other cultures it maydedirect and frank. Therefore, in cross-cultural communication, it is important to understand the other party's cultural habits and expressions to avoid misunderstandings and conflicts.
应该指出的是，在某些文化中，请求宽恕的表达可能更加委婉或含蓄，而在其他文化中，它可能是直接和坦率的。因此，在跨文化交际中，了解对方的文化习惯和表达方式很重要，以避免误解和冲突。
应该指出的是，在某些文化中，请求宽恕的表达可能更加委婉或含蓄，而在其他文化中，它可能是直接和坦率的。因此，在跨文化交际中，了解对方的文化习惯和表达方式很重要，以避免误解和冲突。
6.5 Avoiding Repetition 6.5 避免重复
In the expression of apology in English and Chinese, repeating the same content may make the other party feel that your apology lacks sincerity or respect. To avoid this situation, techniques can be used in expression to change ideas or statements.
在用英文和中文表达歉意时，重复相同的内容可能会让对方觉得你的道歉缺乏诚意或尊重。为了避免这种情况，可以在表达中使用技巧来改变想法或陈述。
在用英文和中文表达歉意时，重复相同的内容可能会让对方觉得你的道歉缺乏诚意或尊重。为了避免这种情况，可以在表达中使用技巧来改变想法或陈述。
Firstly, one can express their apologies using different words. vocabulary or sentence structures, and express the same meaning by changing different words, making the entire apology content more diverse and diverse.
首先，人们可以用不同的词来表达他们的歉意。词汇或句子结构，并通过改变不同的词语来表达相同的意思，使整个道歉内容更加多样化和多样化。
首先，人们可以用不同的词来表达他们的歉意。词汇或句子结构，并通过改变不同的词语来表达相同的意思，使整个道歉内容更加多样化和多样化。
Secondly, one can explain their mistakes from different perspectives. Explaining the issue from different perspectives can help explain one's mistakes from different perspectives, making the entire apology more comprehensive and in-depth.
其次，人们可以从不同的角度解释他们的错误。从不同的角度解释问题，可以帮助从不同的角度解释自己的错误，使整个道歉更加全面和深入。
其次，人们可以从不同的角度解释他们的错误。从不同的角度解释问题，可以帮助从不同的角度解释自己的错误，使整个道歉更加全面和深入。
Thirdly, a humorous tone can be used appropriately. Using humor at the appropriate time can make the entire apology content more relaxed and enjoyable, while also easing the atmosphere. But be careful not to use overly offensive or inappropriate humor.
第三，幽默的语气可以适当地使用。在适当的时候使用幽默，可以使整个道歉内容更加轻松愉快，同时也缓解了气氛。但要注意不要使用过度冒犯或不恰当的幽默。
第三，幽默的语气可以适当地使用。在适当的时候使用幽默，可以使整个道歉内容更加轻松愉快，同时也缓解了气氛。但要注意不要使用过度冒犯或不恰当的幽默。
In short, avoiding repetition is very important in the expression of English and apology speech act. Different words, perspectives, or humor can be used to chan statements, making the entire apology content more divers enjoyable.
总之，避免重复在英语表达和道歉言语行为中非常重要。可以使用不同的词语、观点或幽默来表达自己的观点，使整个道歉内容更加有趣。
总之，避免重复在英语表达和道歉言语行为中非常重要。可以使用不同的词语、观点或幽默来表达自己的观点，使整个道歉内容更加有趣。
6.6 Paying Attention to Cultural Differences
6.6 关注文化差异
In English and Chinese apology speech act, due to cultural differences, it is necessary respect the cultural habits of the other party. In the expression of apolc Chinese, one should respect the cultural habits and expression methods of the other party. Also pay attention to the tone and attitude of apology. In the expression of an apolo attitude are very important. We should express our apologies in an appropriate tone and attitude to show respect and sincerity.
在中英文道歉演说中，由于文化差异，有必要尊重对方的文化习惯。在表达中文时，应尊重对方的文化习惯和表达方式。还要注意道歉的语气和态度。在表达一个apolo的态度是非常重要的。我们应该以适当的语气和态度表达我们的歉意，以表示尊重和诚意。
在中英文道歉演说中，由于文化差异，有必要尊重对方的文化习惯。在表达中文时，应尊重对方的文化习惯和表达方式。还要注意道歉的语气和态度。在表达一个apolo的态度是非常重要的。我们应该以适当的语气和态度表达我们的歉意，以表示尊重和诚意。
Furthermore, it is necessary to avoid using language that is derogatory or aggressive. In the expression of English and Chinese languages, one should avoid using language that is derogatory or aggressive. We should express our apologies in appropriate language and wording to s respect and friendliness.
此外，有必要避免使用贬损或攻击性的语言。在表达英文和中文时，应避免使用贬义或攻击性语言。我们应该用适当的语言和措辞表达我们的歉意，以表达我们的尊重和友好。
此外，有必要避免使用贬损或攻击性的语言。在表达英文和中文时，应避免使用贬义或攻击性语言。我们应该用适当的语言和措辞表达我们的歉意，以表达我们的尊重和友好。
The most important thing is to consider the other person's feelings. In the express apology in English and Chinese, one should consider the other person's feelings. express our apologies in warm and caring language to show our concern and care for the other party.
最重要的是考虑对方的感受。在用英文和中文表达歉意时，应该考虑对方的感受。用温暖和关怀的语言表达我们的歉意，以表达我们对对方的关心和关心。
最重要的是考虑对方的感受。在用英文和中文表达歉意时，应该考虑对方的感受。用温暖和关怀的语言表达我们的歉意，以表达我们对对方的关心和关心。
In short, in the expression of the speech act of apology in English and necessary to pay attention to the existence of cultural differences. We should respect the cultural
总之，在用英语表达道歉的言语行为时，必须注意文化差异的存在。我们应该尊重文化
habits and expressions of the other party, pay attention to tone and attitude, avoid using language that is derogatory or aggressive, and consider the other party's feelings. Only in this way better communication and understanding be achieved in cross-cultural communication.
对方的习惯和表达方式，注意语气和态度，避免使用贬损或攻击性的语言，考虑对方的感受。只有这样，才能在跨文化交际中实现更好的沟通和理解。
总之，在用英语表达道歉的言语行为时，必须注意文化差异的存在。我们应该尊重文化
habits and expressions of the other party, pay attention to tone and attitude, avoid using language that is derogatory or aggressive, and consider the other party's feelings. Only in this way better communication and understanding be achieved in cross-cultural communication.
对方的习惯和表达方式，注意语气和态度，避免使用贬损或攻击性的语言，考虑对方的感受。只有这样，才能在跨文化交际中实现更好的沟通和理解。
Apologizing is an important social skill in cross-cultural communication. Due to culi differences, how to effectively express apologies and gain understanding from others has become a topic worth exploring. Only by respecting and understanding each other in communication can its charm be demonstrated on the stage of cross-cultural communication.
道歉是跨文化交际中的一项重要社交技能。由于 culi 的差异，如何有效地表达歉意并获得他人的理解已成为一个值得探讨的话题。只有在交际中相互尊重、相互理解，才能在跨文化交际的舞台上展现出它的魅力。
道歉是跨文化交际中的一项重要社交技能。由于 culi 的差异，如何有效地表达歉意并获得他人的理解已成为一个值得探讨的话题。只有在交际中相互尊重、相互理解，才能在跨文化交际的舞台上展现出它的魅力。
7 Conclusion 7 结论
To sum up, firstly, the thesis points out the significant influence of cultural background and social environment on apology behavior. English culture tends towards individualism and direct expression, emphasizing independence and autonomy, whi collectivism and euphemism, emphasizing the maintenance of social harmony and interpersonal relationships. These cultural differences directly affect people's choices and expressions apologizing. Secondly, the thesis analyzes the expression forms and structural characteristics of English and Chinese apology expressions from a linguistic perspective. English apology speech act is usually more direct and specific, expressing apologies while taking responsibility, wh Chinese apology speech act is more euphemi,s tiscingdud pipde expressions to convey apologies. In addition, the paper also explores the differences in pragmatic between English and Chinese apology expressions, such as direct and indire implicit. Finally, the paper summarizes the main causes of differences in th apology between English and Chinese, including factors such as cultural factors, high and low context culture, personal personality, gender, and physiological manifestations. interact with each other and together affect the performance and acceptance of apology behavior in different cultures.
综上所述，首先，论文指出了文化背景和社会环境对道歉行为的显著影响。英国文化倾向于个人主义和直接表达，强调独立和自主，集体主义和委婉主义，强调维护社会和谐和人际关系。这些文化差异直接影响人们的选择和道歉的表达。其次，从语言学角度分析了英汉道歉表达的表达形式和结构特征。英文道歉言语行为通常比较直接具体，在承担责任的同时表达歉意，而中文道歉言语行为则比较委婉，用提斯琴的表达方式来表达歉意。此外，本文还探讨了英汉道歉表达方式在语用上的差异，如直接道歉和隐性道歉。最后，总结了中英道歉差异的主要原因，包括文化因素、高低语境文化、个人性格、性别和生理表现等因素。在不同文化中，彼此之间的互动和共同影响道歉行为的表现和接受度。
综上所述，首先，论文指出了文化背景和社会环境对道歉行为的显著影响。英国文化倾向于个人主义和直接表达，强调独立和自主，集体主义和委婉主义，强调维护社会和谐和人际关系。这些文化差异直接影响人们的选择和道歉的表达。其次，从语言学角度分析了英汉道歉表达的表达形式和结构特征。英文道歉言语行为通常比较直接具体，在承担责任的同时表达歉意，而中文道歉言语行为则比较委婉，用提斯琴的表达方式来表达歉意。此外，本文还探讨了英汉道歉表达方式在语用上的差异，如直接道歉和隐性道歉。最后，总结了中英道歉差异的主要原因，包括文化因素、高低语境文化、个人性格、性别和生理表现等因素。在不同文化中，彼此之间的互动和共同影响道歉行为的表现和接受度。
After comparative analysiis is foundthat there arsignificant differences in expression, usage context, and cultural factors between English and Chinese apology expressions. In terms of expression, English tends to use direct and specific apology methods, while Chinese is more implicit and tactful. In terms of usage context, the frequency of using apology spee English is higher than that in Chinese, and in some situations, apology speech act may be used in English, while other speech acts may be used in Chinese. In terms of cultural factors, Westerr culture emphasizes individualism and independence, collectivism and harmony. These cultural differences have led to differences in the speech act of apology between English and Chinese. Cultural differences are a key factor in the emergence of contradictions or conflicts between two languages, so the key to solving problems is to focus on the backgrounds of two different cultures, habits and expressio contextual factors of different cultures, and so on. By comparing and analyzing the differences in apology language between English and Chinese, it can help people improve their understanding and comprehension of apology behavior in cross-cultural com characteristics and differences of apology behavior in different cultural backgrounds, help people communicate better in cross-cultural communication, establish good interpersonal relationships,
经过比较分析发现，英汉道歉表达在表达方式、使用语境和文化因素方面存在显著差异。在表达方式上，英语倾向于使用直接和具体的道歉方式，而中文则更加含蓄和委婉。在使用语境方面，道歉英语的使用频率高于中文，在某些情况下，道歉言语行为可能用英语，而其他言语行为可能用中文。在文化因素方面，韦斯特文化强调个人主义与独立、集体主义与和谐。这些文化差异导致了中英文在道歉的言语行为上的差异。文化差异是两种语言之间出现矛盾或冲突的关键因素，因此解决问题的关键是关注两种不同文化的背景、不同文化的习惯和表达语境因素等。通过对比分析中英文道歉语言的差异，可以帮助人们提高对跨文化交流特征和不同文化背景下道歉行为差异的理解和理解，帮助人们在跨文化交际中更好地沟通，建立良好的人际关系，
and avoid misunderstandings and conflicts caused by language and cultural differences.
避免因语言和文化差异而产生的误解和冲突。
经过比较分析发现，英汉道歉表达在表达方式、使用语境和文化因素方面存在显著差异。在表达方式上，英语倾向于使用直接和具体的道歉方式，而中文则更加含蓄和委婉。在使用语境方面，道歉英语的使用频率高于中文，在某些情况下，道歉言语行为可能用英语，而其他言语行为可能用中文。在文化因素方面，韦斯特文化强调个人主义与独立、集体主义与和谐。这些文化差异导致了中英文在道歉的言语行为上的差异。文化差异是两种语言之间出现矛盾或冲突的关键因素，因此解决问题的关键是关注两种不同文化的背景、不同文化的习惯和表达语境因素等。通过对比分析中英文道歉语言的差异，可以帮助人们提高对跨文化交流特征和不同文化背景下道歉行为差异的理解和理解，帮助人们在跨文化交际中更好地沟通，建立良好的人际关系，
and avoid misunderstandings and conflicts caused by language and cultural differences.
避免因语言和文化差异而产生的误解和冲突。
It should be noted that the research reports so far are limited, and there is still a lot of room for further research. The differences in the speech act of apology between English and Chinese are the result of the combined effects of language characteristics and cultural factors. In order to improve cross-cultural communication skills, English and Chinese learners should und and respect these differences. At the same time, teachers should pay attention students' cross-cultural awareness and sensitivity in teaching, in order to improve their ability to cope with cross-cultural communication. In addition, this thesis provides useful references further deepening the comparative study of English and Chinese language and culture.
需要注意的是，目前的研究报告有限，还有很大的研究空间。英汉道歉言语行为的差异是语言特征和文化因素共同作用的结果。为了提高跨文化交际能力，英语和汉语学习者应该尊重这些差异。同时，教师在教学中应关注学生的跨文化意识和敏感性，以提高学生应对跨文化交际的能力。此外，本论文还为进一步深化英汉语言文化的比较研究提供了有益的参考。
需要注意的是，目前的研究报告有限，还有很大的研究空间。英汉道歉言语行为的差异是语言特征和文化因素共同作用的结果。为了提高跨文化交际能力，英语和汉语学习者应该尊重这些差异。同时，教师在教学中应关注学生的跨文化意识和敏感性，以提高学生应对跨文化交际的能力。此外，本论文还为进一步深化英汉语言文化的比较研究提供了有益的参考。
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