FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORTS
可行性研究 报告

for the development of the
促进 发展

250 MWP GTL SOLAR PV POWER PROJECT
250 MWPGTL 太阳能光伏发电项目

In
在

MAZABUKA & SIAVONGA (LUSITU)

SOUTHERN PROVINCE

ZAMBIA
赞比亚

2024

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
执行摘要

Executive Summary
执行摘要

The feasibility study for the proposed 250 MWp GTL Solar PV Power Project in the Mazabuka and Siavonga (Lusitu) Districts has been successfully completed by GTL Power Solutions. This study thoroughly evaluated the solar generation potential, technical feasibility, and economic viability of establishing a utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant in the designated areas.
GTL Power Solutions 已成功完成了拟在马扎布卡（Mazabuka）和西亚万加（Lusitu）地区建设的 250 兆瓦 GTL 太阳能光伏发电项目的可行性研究。该研究全面评估了在指定地区建立公用事业规模太阳能光伏 (PV) 发电站的太阳能发电潜力、技术可行性和经济可行性。

Key Findings
主要发现:

1. Solar Generation Potential
1.太阳能发电潜力:

- The regions of Mazabuka and Siavonga have been identified as possessing sufficient solar generation potential to support a large-scale solar PV power plant.
- 马扎布卡（Mazabuka）和西亚文加（Siavonga）地区已被确认拥有足够的太阳能发电潜力，可支持大型太阳能光伏发电厂。

- The availability of advanced solar technology ensures that the project can be effectively implemented to harness this potential.
- 先进的太阳能技术可确保有效实施该项目，以利用这一潜力。

2. Project Cost and Tariff
2.项目成本和关税:

- The estimated total cost for the project is approximately US$ 220 million.
- 项目总成本估计约为 2.2 亿美元。

- The project is financially attractive at a tariff exceeding 8.5 US¢/kWh, making it competitive in the energy market
- 该项目的电价超过 8.5 美分/千瓦时，具有很强的经济吸引力，使其在能源市场上具有竞争力.

3. Financial Metrics
3.财务指标:

- Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE): Estimated at 6.7 US¢/kWh, assuming a discount rate of 12%
- 平准化电力成本 (LCOE)：假定贴现率为 12%，估计为 6.7 美分/千瓦时.

- Return on Investment (ROI): Though the specific ROI value was not stated, the project demonstrates strong financial viability.
- 投资回报率（ROI）：虽然没有说明投资回报率的具体数值，但该项目显示出很强的财务可行性。

- Internal Rate of Return (IRR): Calculated at 21.38%, indicating a robust return potential for investors.
- 内部收益率 (IRR)：计算结果为 21.38%，表明投资者的回报潜力巨大。

- Net Present Value (NPV): Projected to be US$ 46.8 million, underscoring the project's value addition.
- 净现值 (NPV)：净现值（NPV）：预计为 4680 万美元，凸显了项目的增值效应。

- Payback Period: Estimated at 10.8 years, reflecting a reasonable timeline for recovering the initial investment.
- 投资回收期：投资回收期：估计为 10.8 年，反映了收回初始投资的合理期限。

The feasibility study concludes that the GTL Solar PV Power Project is both technically and economically viable. The combination of sufficient solar resources, competitive costs, and favorable financial returns supports the recommendation for further development and implementation of the project.
可行性研究的结论是，GTL 太阳能光伏发电项目在技术和经济上都是可行的。充足的太阳能资源、有竞争力的成本和有利的财务回报，这些因素都支持进一步开发和实施该项目的建议。

GTL Power Solutions recommends advancing to the next stages of project development, including securing necessary permits, finalizing financing arrangements, and initiating detailed design and construction planning. The successful execution of this project will contribute significantly to the region's renewable energy capacity and economic growth.
GTL电力解决方案公司建议推进项目开发的下一阶段，包括获得必要的许可、敲定融资安排以及启动详细设计和施工规划。该项目的成功实施将极大地促进该地区的可再生能源能力和经济增长。

Introduction
导言

GTL Power Solutions Limited is spearheading the development of a Solar PV Power Project in Mazabuka and Siavonga (Lusitu) Districts. This initiative is part of their commitment to addressing the energy deficit in Zambia and the broader region through renewable and environmentally friendly solutions. The project also aligns with the goals of Sustainable Development Goal No. 7, which focuses on ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.
GTL Power Solutions Limited 正带头在 Mazabuka 和 Siavonga（Lusitu）地区开发太阳能光伏发电项目。这一举措是他们致力于通过可再生和环保解决方案解决赞比亚和更广泛地区能源短缺问题的一部分。该项目也符合可持续发展目标 7 的目标，即确保人人都能获得负担得起、可靠、可持续的现代能源。

The Government of Zambia, through the Ministry of Energy, has granted GTL the authorization to conduct a feasibility study for the development of this solar PV power project in the Wells Spring and Siavonga (Lusitu) areas. The feasibility study will assess the proposed technical solutions and evaluate the project's viability, including financial, economic, and environmental factors, to ensure its successful implementation.
赞比亚政府已通过能源部授权 GTL 在 Wells Spring 和 Siavonga（Lusitu）地区开展太阳能光伏发电项目的可行性研究。可行性研究将评估所提出的技术解决方案，并评估项目的可行性，包括财务、经济和环境因素，以确保项目的成功实施。

Project Location
项目地点

Location
地点

The proposed Solar PV Power Project will be situated approximately 20 km east of both Mazabuka and Siavonga (Lusitu) towns. The site is about 10 km off the Lusaka-Mazabuka (T1) and Lusaka-Siavonga (Lusitu) (M15 off T2) Highways, specifically in the Wells Spring and Siavonga (Lusitu) Farm areas. The exact location of the project is depicted in Ex Fig 1 below.
拟议的太阳能光伏发电项目将位于马扎布卡镇和西亚文加（卢西图）镇以东约 20 公里处。项目地点距离卢萨卡-马扎布卡（T1）和卢萨卡-西亚文加（Lusitu）（M15 off T2）高速公路约 10 公里，特别是在 Wells Spring 和西亚文加（Lusitu）农场地区。项目的具体位置如下图 1 所示。

Ex Fig 1: Project Location
图 1：项目地点

Access to the Site
访问网站

Access to the project site is provided via the Lusaka-Mazabuka (T1) and Lusaka-Siavonga (Lusitu) (M15 off T2) Highways. From these highways, a 10 km dust road leads directly to the project location.
卢萨卡-马扎布卡（T1）高速公路和卢萨卡-西亚文加（Lusitu）（M15 off T2）高速公路是通往项目地点的必经之路。从这两条高速公路上有一条 10 公里长的尘土路可直接通往项目地点。

Scope of Study
研究范围

The Feasibility Study Report is designed to serve as a foundation for the further development of a Solar PV power plant in Mazabuka and Siavonga (Lusitu) Districts. The study evaluates the suitability of the selected project site, focusing on factors such as solar energy yield, the grid's capacity to evacuate the power generated by the plant, and an overview of potential environmental and social concerns that may arise during the project's execution. The components of this feasibility study are categorized into three key areas: technical, economic and financial, and environmental and social parameters.
该可行性研究报告旨在为进一步开发马扎布卡和西亚文加（卢西图）地区的太阳能光伏电站奠定基础。该研究评估了所选项目地点的适宜性，重点关注太阳能产量、电网疏散电站所发电量的能力等因素，以及项目实施过程中可能出现的潜在环境和社会问题。本可行性研究的内容分为三个关键领域：技术、经济和财务以及环境和社会参数。

Meteorological Data
气象数据

The meteorological information used in the assessment for the project was obtained from Meteonorm 8.1 and was based on a Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) as presented in Ex Table 1 below:
项目评估中使用的气象信息来自 Meteonorm 8.1，以典型气象年（TMY）为基础，如下表 1 所示：

Ex Table 1: Meteonorm 8.1 Site Meteorological Data
表 1：Meteonorm 8.1 场地气象数据

Preliminary Design
初步设计

General Description
一般说明

The proposed Solar PV Power Plant is planned to have a peak capacity of approximately 250 MW, consisting of 602,420 Solar PV modules, 1,200 solar inverter units, 40 smart transformer stations, and a 220/33 kV Substation. The substation at the solar PV power plant will connect to the national grid through a 12 km, 220 kV single-circuit transmission line that links to the 220/66 kV Zesco Substation.
拟建的太阳能光伏电站计划峰值发电能力约为 250 兆瓦，由 602 420 个太阳能光伏组件、1 200 个太阳能逆变器单元、40 个智能变电站和一个 220/33 千伏变电站组成。太阳能光伏发电厂的变电站将通过一条 12 千米长的 220 千伏单回路输电线路与国家电网相连，该线路与 220/66 千伏 Zesco 变电站相连。

The transmission line will utilize a double 225 mm² ACSR (2xLion) conductor set, which will be strung on standard CEC 220 kV structures.
输电线路将采用双 225 mm² ACSR（2xLion）导线组，并将在标准的 CEC 220 千伏结构上串联。

Preferred Equipment
首选设备

The preferred equipment and the respective manufacturers are shown in Ex Table 2 below:
首选设备及相关制造商见下表 2：

Ex Table 2: Preferred Equipment and Equipment Manufacturers
前表 2：首选设备和设备制造商

Plant Layout
工厂布局

The proposed power plant will feature approximately 602,420 polycrystalline Solar PV modules, covering an area of about 250 hectares. Each module is expected to have a nominal output capacity of 415 W at 39.3V. In the setup, 28 of these Solar PV modules will be connected in a string, and 18 strings will be connected in parallel to a single inverter. The modules will be mounted on a fixed ground mounting system with two vertical module rows in a portrait configuration on each structure.
拟建电站将采用约 602,420 块多晶硅太阳能光伏组件，占地约 250 公顷。每个模块在 39.3V 电压下的额定输出功率预计为 415 W。在安装过程中，28 个太阳能光伏组件将连接成一个组串，18 个组串将并联到一个逆变器上。模块将安装在一个固定的地面安装系统上，每个结构上有两个纵向模块行。

The preferred inverter for this project is the decentralized SUN2000-185KTL-H1 Smart String Inverter by Huawei Technologies, with approximately 1,200 inverters required. The output from these inverters will be connected to a 0.8 kV busbar in a containerized Smart MV transformer. The generated power at 0.8 kV will be stepped up to 33 kV via a 6.3 MVA transformer, connected to a 33 kV bus at the project site. The Huawei STS-6000K Smart Transformer Station is recommended for this purpose.
该项目的首选逆变器是华为技术公司的分散式 SUN2000-185KTL-H1 智能组串逆变器，大约需要 1,200 台逆变器。这些逆变器的输出将连接到集装箱式智能中压变压器中的 0.8 千伏母线上。0.8 千伏的发电功率将通过一台 6.3 MVA 变压器升压至 33 千伏，并连接至项目现场的 33 千伏母线。为此，推荐使用华为 STS-6000K 智能变电站。

The 33 kV bus will then be connected to a 220 kV busbar at the project site through four 60 MVA power transformers. This 220 kV busbar will subsequently connect to the 220 kV busbar at the Zesco Substations via a 12 km single-circuit 220 kV transmission line.
然后，33 千伏母线将通过四台 60 兆伏安电力变压器连接到项目现场的 220 千伏母线。这条 220 千伏母线随后将通过一条 12 千米长的 220 千伏单回路输电线路与 Zesco 变电站的 220 千伏母线相连。

Power and Energy Generation
电力和能源生产

The hourly energy generation for a typical year ae shown in Ex Fig 2 while the annual energy generation for the life of the project are outlined in Ex Table 3 below:
典型年份的每小时发电量如图 2 所示，而项目寿命期内的年发电量如表 3 所示：e

Ex Fig 2: Annual Hourly Generation       v
Ex 图 2：年小时发电量v

Ex Table 3: 25-Year Annual Energy Yield for the Power Plant
前表 3：发电厂 25 年的年发电量

Summary System Performance
系统性能汇总

A summary of the overall performance of the project is shown in Ex Table 4 below:
项目的总体绩效概要见下表 4：

Ex Table 4: Summary System Performance
表 4：系统性能总表

Power Evacuation
电力疏散

The energy generated by the plant will be fed into the national grid through the existing 220 kV Zesco Substations. A 220/33 kV substation located at the project site will connect the power plant to the Wells Spring and Siavonga (Lusitu) Substations via a 12 km, 220 kV transmission line. This transmission line will utilize double 225 mm² ACSR (2xLion) conductors, which will be strung on standard CEC 220 kV structures. The geographic representation of this setup is shown in Ex Fig 3 below.
发电厂产生的电能将通过现有的 220 千伏 Zesco 变电站输入国家电网。位于项目所在地的 220/33 千伏变电站将通过一条 12 千米长的 220 千伏输电线路将发电厂与 Wells Spring 和 Siavonga（Lusitu）变电站连接起来。该输电线路将使用双 225 mm² ACSR（2xLion）导线，并将在标准的 CEC 220 千伏结构上进行串联。该设置的地理示意图如下图 3 所示。

Ex Fig 3: Proposed Power Evacuation Option – Geographic
前图 3：拟议的电力疏散方案 - 地理位置

The single line diagram for the above works is shown in Ex Fig 4 below:
上述工程的单线图如下图 4 所示：

Ex Fig 4: Proposed Power Evacuation Option - SLD
图 4：拟议的电力疏散方案--SLD

The scope of works for evacuating power through the 220 kV network includes:
通过 220 千伏电网疏散电力的工程范围包括

i. Construction of a 220/33 kV substation at the GTL Solar PV Power Project site.
i.在 GTL 太阳能光伏发电项目现场建造一座 220/33 千伏变电站。

ii. Installation of transformers and associated infrastructure at the GTL Project site.
ii.在 GTL 项目现场安装变压器和相关基础设施。

iii. Construction of a 12 km, 220 kV transmission line from the GTL Project site to the Zesco Substations.
iii.建设一条从 GTL 项目现场到 Zesco 变电站的 12 公里 220 千伏输电线路。

iv. Extension of the 220 kV busbar at the Zesco Substations.
iv.延长 Zesco 变电站的 220 千伏母线。

v. Installation of associated infrastructure at the Zesco Substations.
v. 在 Zesco 变电站安装相关基础设施。

Project Cost and Economic Analysis
项目成本和经济分析

Project Cost
项目成本

The implementation of the 250 MWp GTL Solar PV Power Plant is projected to cost USD 220 million, which translates to a unit cost of USD 0.88 million per MWp. The project is deemed economically viable if the tariffs exceed 8.5 US¢/kWh, as the Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost (B/C) ratio, and Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) are positive within the considered range of discount rates. The cost estimate is detailed in Ex Table 5 below.
GTL 250 MWp 太阳能光伏电站的实施预计耗资 2.2 亿美元，单位成本为每 MWp 0.88 万美元。如果电价超过 8.5 美分/千瓦时， 在考虑的贴现率范围内，净现值 (NPV)、效益成本 (B/C) 比率和经济内部收益率 (EIRR) 均为正值，则该项目被视为经济上可行。成本估算详见下表 5。

Ex Table 5: Project Cost Estimate
表 5：项目成本估算

Economic and Financial Assumptions
经济和财务假设

The economic and financial assumption made in the study are given in Ex Table 6 below:
研究中所做的经济和财务假设如下表 6 所示：

Ex Table 6: Economic and Financial Assumptions
表 6：经济和财务假设

Economic and Financial Outputs
经济和财政产出

Key Outputs
主要产出

Key economic and financial outputs are given in Ex Table 7 below:
主要经济和财务产出见下表 7：

Ex Table 7: Economic and Financial Outputs
前表 7：经济和财政产出

Other Outputs
其他产出

Yearly Net Profit
年度净利润

The yearly net profit for the 25 years of operating the Project is given in Ex Fig 5 below:
项目运营 25 年的年净利润见下图 5：

Ex Fig 5: Yearly Cash Flow (kUS$)
图 5：年度现金流量（千美元）

Year cashflows are expected to dimmish towards the end of the loan tenure. The flows will increase thereafter and dimmish towards the end of the project life mainly due to increased maintenance costs and replacement of power plant components.
预计在贷款期结束时，年度现金流将减少。此后，现金流将增加，并在项目期限结束时减少，这主要是由于维护成本增加和电厂部件的更换。

Cumulative Cash Flow
累计现金流

The cumulative cash flow over the life of the project is shown in Ex Fig 6 below:
项目周期内的累计现金流如下图 6 所示：

Ex Fig 6: Cumulative Cash Flow (kUS$)
图 6：累计现金流（千美元）

Cash Allocation
现金分配

The percentage cash allocation for the Year 1, Year 25 and average over project life is depicted in Ex Fig 7 below:
第 1 年、第 25 年和整个项目周期的平均现金分配比例如下图 7 所示：

Ex Fig 7: Cash Allocation
前图 7：现金分配

7.3.3. Project Benefits
7.3.3.项目效益

The benefits of the project include:
该项目的益处包括

i. Mitigation of power deficits.
i.缓解电力不足。

ii. Contribution of 411 GWh to the national grid annually.
ii.每年向国家电网供电 411 千兆瓦时。

iii. Promotion of socioeconomic development in the surrounding areas.
iii.促进周边地区的社会经济发展。

iv. Creation of both direct and indirect job opportunities.
iv.创造直接和间接就业机会。

v. Contribution to carbon emission reductions (CERs).
v.对碳减排量（CER）的贡献。

8. Conclusion and Recommendation
8.结论和建议

The feasibility study for the proposed 250 MWp GTL Solar PV Power Project in Mazabuka and Siavonga (Lusitu) Districts, conducted by GTL Power Solutions, has been successfully completed. The study confirms that the solar generation potential in these areas is adequate to support a utility-scale solar PV power plant, and the necessary technology for implementation is available.
GTL Power Solutions 在马扎布卡（Mazabuka）和西亚万加（Lusitu）地区开展的拟议 250 兆瓦 GTL 太阳能光伏发电项目的可行性研究已顺利完成。该研究证实，这些地区的太阳能发电潜力足以支持公用事业规模的太阳能光伏发电厂，并且具备必要的实施技术。

With a project cost of USD 220 million, the project is considered attractive with a tariff greater than 8.5 US¢/kWh. The Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) is approximately 6.7 US¢/kWh at a 12% discount rate. The Return on Investment (ROI) is positive, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is 21.38%, and the Net Present Value (NPV) is USD 46.8 million. The payback period for the project is estimated at 10.8 years.
项目成本为 2.2 亿美元，电价高于 8.5 美分/千瓦时，被认为具有吸引力。按 12% 的贴现率计算，平准化电力成本 (LCOE) 约为 6.7 美分/千瓦时 。投资回报率 (ROI) 为正值，内部收益率 (IRR) 为 21.38%，净现值 (NPV) 为 4,680 万美元。该项目的投资回收期估计为 10.8 年。

Based on these findings, the project is recommended for further development and implementation.
根据这些结论，建议进一步开发和实施该项目。

250 MWp GTL Solar PV Power Project – Feasibility Study Report
250 MWp GTL 太阳能光伏发电项目 - 可行性研究报告

Ex Table 8: Detailed Economic Results (US$ ‘000)
表 8：详细经济成果（千美元）

xii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
目录

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii
执行摘要ii

LIST OF FIGURES xviii

LIST OF TABLES xix

LIST OF UNITS xx

LIST OF ACRONYMS xxi
术语表xxi

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................... 1
简介 ....................................................................................................................................................1

Country Perspective................................................................................................................................................... 1
国家视角...................................................................................................................................................1

Project Promoter ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
项目促进者 .......................................................................................................................................................1

Project Description ................................................................................................................................................... 2
项目说明 ................................................................................................................................................... 2

Location ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2
...................................................................................................................................................................... 2

Access to the Site ....................................................................................................................................................... 2
进入网站 ....................................................................................................................................................... 2

Objective of the Reports........................................................................................................................................... 2
报告的目标........................................................................................................................................... 2

Objectives of the Project .......................................................................................................................................... 2
项目目标 .......................................................................................................................................... 2

Scope of Study ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
研究范围 ...........................................................................................................................................................3

POWER SECTOR IN ZAMBIA ............................................................................................................................ 4
赞比亚电力部门 ............................................................................................................................4

Overview of the Energy Sector in Zambia ........................................................................................................... 4
赞比亚能源行业概览 ...........................................................................................................4

Installed Generation Capacity ................................................................................................................................. 4
发电装机容量 .................................................................................................................................4

Transmission Network ............................................................................................................................................ 4
传输网络 ............................................................................................................................................4

Power Demand .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
电力需求 ..........................................................................................................................................................5

Regional Scenario ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
Regional Scenario ......................................................................................................................................................5

National Scenario ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
国家情景 ......................................................................................................................................................5

Economic Activities in the Project Areas ............................................................................................................. 8
项目区的经济活动 .............................................................................................................8

Power Supply in the Project Areas ........................................................................................................................ 9
项目区的电力供应 ........................................................................................................................9

DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR POWER PROJECT IN ZAMBIA ........................................................... 10
在赞比亚开发太阳能项目 ...........................................................10

Solar Energy Resource ........................................................................................................................................... 10
太阳能资源 ...........................................................................................................................................10

Policy, Legal and Regulatory Frameworks......................................................................................................... 11
政策、法律和监管框架.........................................................................................................11

Policy Direction ...................................................................................................................................................... 11
政策方向 ......................................................................................................................................................11

Vision 2030 ............................................................................................................................................................. 11
2030 愿景 .............................................................................................................................................................11

National Development Plan ................................................................................................................................. 11
国家发展计划 .................................................................................................................................11

National Energy Policy 2019 ............................................................................................................................... 12
2019 年国家能源政策 ...............................................................................................................................12

Private Sector Promotion ...................................................................................................................................... 12
私营部门促进 ......................................................................................................................................12

RE-FiT Strategy ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
RE-FiT 战略 .....................................................................................................................................................12

Legal Frameworks ................................................................................................................................................... 12
法律框架 ...................................................................................................................................................12

Electricity Act 2019 ................................................................................................................................. 12
2019 年电力法 .................................................................................................................................12

Energy Regulation Act 2019 .................................................................................................................. 13 3.2.2.3 Zambia Grid Code (ZAGC) ................................................................................................................... 13 3.2.2.4 Other Applicable Codes, Regulations and Standards ........................................................................ 13 3.2.3 Regulatory Framework ................................................................................................................................ 13 3.2.3.1 Institutional Arrangement ...................................................................................................................... 13 3.2.3.2 Permitting Process .................................................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Utility Scale Renewable Energy Initiatives in Zambia ............................................................................. 16 3.3.1 Scaling Solar Zambia (IDC) ....................................................................................................................... 16
2019 年能源管理法案》 ..................................................................................................................13 3.2.2.3 赞比亚电网规范 (ZAGC) ...................................................................................................................13 3.2.2.4 其他适用规范、法规和标准 ........................................................................13 3.2.3 监管框架 ................................................................................................................................13 3.2.3.1 体制安排 ......................................................................................................................13 3.2.3.2 许可程序 ....................................................................................................................................14 3.3 赞比亚公用事业规模可再生能源倡议 .............................................................................16 3.3.1 扩大赞比亚太阳能规模 (IDC) .......................................................................................................................16

GET FiT Zambia ................................................................................................................................................... 16
GET FiT 赞比亚 ...................................................................................................................................................16

Alternative Renewable Energy Investment Program (ARIEP) (IDC) ......................................................... 16
替代性可再生能源投资计划 (ARIEP) (IDC) .........................................................16

Private Sector Initiated Projects ........................................................................................................................... 16
Private Sector Initiated Projects ...........................................................................................................................16

PROJECT AREAS .................................................................................................................................................... 17
PROJECT AREAS ....................................................................................................................................................17

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................... 17 4.2 Physical Characteristics................................................................................................................................... 17
Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................17 4.2 物理特性...................................................................................................................................17

Relief ......................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Relief .........................................................................................................................................................................17

Drainage ....................................................................................................................................................................17

Soils ........................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Soils ...........................................................................................................................................................................18

Climate ...................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Climate ......................................................................................................................................................................19

Seasonal Variations ................................................................................................................................................ 19
Seasonal Variations ................................................................................................................................................19

Average Temperature ............................................................................................................................................. 20
平均气温 ............................................................................................................................................. 20

Sunshine ................................................................................................................................................................... 20

Cloud Cover ............................................................................................................................................................. 21
云层覆盖 ............................................................................................................................................................. 21

Humidity................................................................................................................................................................... 22
湿度................................................................................................................................................................... 22

Wind ......................................................................................................................................................................... 22
风 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 22

Rainfall in Mazabuka & Siavonga (Lusitu) ....................................................................................................... 23
Mazabuka 和 Siavonga（Lusitu）的降雨量 ....................................................................................................... 23

4.2.5 Geology ....................................................................................................................................................................... 23 4.2.6 Seismicity ...................................................................................................................................................................... 25
4.2.5 地质 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 23 4.2.6 地震 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 25

 4.3  Social Economic Environment .............................................................................................................................. 26
4.3 社会经济环境 .............................................................................................................................. 26

Local Administration ............................................................................................................................................. 26
地方行政 ............................................................................................................................................. 26

SOLAR PV YIELD ASSESSMENT..................................................................................................................... 28
太阳能光伏产量评估..................................................................................................................... 28

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................... 28
概述 ................................................................................................................................................................... 28

Solar PV Technology Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 28
太阳能光伏技术分析 ............................................................................................................................ 28

PV Module Technology ....................................................................................................................................... 28
光伏组件技术 ....................................................................................................................................... 28

Inverter Technology ............................................................................................................................................... 35
变频技术 ...............................................................................................................................................35

DC and AC Cables ................................................................................................................................................. 37
直流和交流电缆 .................................................................................................................................................37

Performance of Solar PV Power Plants .............................................................................................................. 38
太阳能光伏发电站的性能 ..............................................................................................................38

Performance Ratio .................................................................................................................................................. 38
性能比 ..................................................................................................................................................38

Specific Yield ........................................................................................................................................................... 38
比产量 ...........................................................................................................................................................38

Capacity Factor........................................................................................................................................................ 38
容量系数........................................................................................................................................................38

Considerations for Solar Resource Assessment ................................................................................................ 39
太阳能资源评估考虑因素 ................................................................................................39

Variability in Solar Irradiation ............................................................................................................................. 39
太阳辐照变化 .............................................................................................................................39

Data Sources ............................................................................................................................................................ 39
数据来源 ............................................................................................................................................................39

Data Source Validation Procedures .................................................................................................................... 40
数据源验证程序 ....................................................................................................................40

Simulation ................................................................................................................................................................ 42
模拟 ................................................................................................................................................................42

PV Plant Losses ...................................................................................................................................................... 43
光伏电站损耗 ......................................................................................................................................................43

Uncertainty Estimation ......................................................................................................................................... 45 5.5 Yield Assessment for the GTL Solar PV Power Project.......................................................................... 46
不确定性估计 .........................................................................................................................................45 5.5 GTL 太阳能光伏发电项目产量评估..........................................................................46

5.5.1 Meteorological Data................................................................................................................................................. 46 5.5.2 Optimisation of Tilt and Azimuth ....................................................................................................................... 46 5.5.3 Simulation Model ....................................................................................................................................................... 47
5.5.1 气象数据.................................................................................................................................................46 5.5.2 倾角和方位角的优化 .......................................................................................................................46 5.5.3 仿真模型 .......................................................................................................................................................47

5.5.4 System Losses ............................................................................................................................................................ 47 5.5.5 Annual Performance Data ....................................................................................................................................... 48 5.5.6 Loss Diagram ............................................................................................................................................................... 49
5.5.4 系统损耗 ............................................................................................................................................................47 5.5.5 年度性能数据 .......................................................................................................................................48 5.5.6 损耗图 ...............................................................................................................................................................49

Hourly Generation Profile .................................................................................................................................... 49
每小时发电概况 ....................................................................................................................................49

Production Probability Forecast .......................................................................................................................... 51
生产概率预测 ..........................................................................................................................51

PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND PLANT LAYOUT.................................................................................... 53
初步设计和工厂布局....................................................................................53

Codes and Standards .............................................................................................................................................. 53 6.2 Technical Solution........................................................................................................................................... 53 6.2.1General............................................................................................................................................................. 53
法规和标准 ..............................................................................................................................................53 6.2 技术解决方案...........................................................................................................................................53 6.2.1 概述............................................................................................................................................................53

Solar PV Modules .................................................................................................................................................. 53
太阳能光伏组件 ..................................................................................................................................................53

Mounting Structure ................................................................................................................................................ 56 6.2.4 Areas Occupied by the Solar PV Modules .............................................................................................. 57 6.2.5 Power Inverter ............................................................................................................................................... 57
安装结构 ................................................................................................................................................56 6.2.4 太阳能光伏组件占用的区域 .............................................................................................57 6.2.5 电源 逆变器 ............................................................................................................................................... 57

6.2.6 Cable Requirements ................................................................................................................................................. 59 6.2.7 Transformer Stations ................................................................................................................................................. 59
6.2.6 电缆要求 .................................................................................................................................................59 6.2.7 变压器站 .................................................................................................................................................. 59

 6.3  Output from the Plant ............................................................................................................................................. 62
6.3 工厂产出 .............................................................................................................................................62

Meteorological Data................................................................................................................................................62
气象数据................................................................................................................................................62

Energy Yield............................................................................................................................................................. 62
Energy Yield.............................................................................................................................................................62

 6.4  Plant Layout ............................................................................................................................................................... 63
6.4厂房布局 ...............................................................................................................................................................63

6.4.1 Solar PV Modules .................................................................................................................................................... 63 6.4.2 Mounting Structure ................................................................................................................................................... 64
6.4.1 太阳能光伏组件 ....................................................................................................................................................63 6.4.2 安装结构 .................................................................................................................................................. 64

Power Inverters ....................................................................................................................................................... 64
电源转换器 .......................................................................................................................................................64

MV Transformers .................................................................................................................................................. 64
中压变压器 ..................................................................................................................................................64

33/0.8 kV Substations ......................................................................................................................................... 64
33/0.8 千伏变电站 .........................................................................................................................................64

220/33 kV Substations ........................................................................................................................................ 64
220/33 千伏变电站 ........................................................................................................................................64

 6.5  Balance of Plant ......................................................................................................................................................... 64
6.5 设备余额 .........................................................................................................................................................64

Auxiliary Services .................................................................................................................................................... 64
辅助服务 ....................................................................................................................................................64

Communication ...................................................................................................................................................... 65
通信 ......................................................................................................................................................65

SCADA System ....................................................................................................................................................... 65
SCADA 系统 .......................................................................................................................................................65

Security System ....................................................................................................................................................... 65
安保系统 .......................................................................................................................................................65

Weather Monitoring .............................................................................................................................................. 65
天气监测 ..............................................................................................................................................65

Perimeter Fences...................................................................................................................................................... 66 6.5.7 Drainage System ........................................................................................................................................... 66
周边围栏......................................................................................................................................................66 6.5.7 排水系统 ...........................................................................................................................................66

 6.6  Considerations for Construction Works ............................................................................................................ 66
6.6 建筑工程的注意事项 ............................................................................................................66

Access to Water ...................................................................................................................................................... 66
获取水 ......................................................................................................................................................66

Machinery and Labour Force ............................................................................................................................... 66
机械和劳动力 ...............................................................................................................................66

Construction Power ............................................................................................................................................... 66
建筑动力 ...............................................................................................................................................66

Transport and Logistics ........................................................................................................................................ 67
运输与物流 ........................................................................................................................................67

POWER EVACUATION....................................................................................................................................... 69
电源疏散.......................................................................................................................................69

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 69
导言 ............................................................................................................................................................69

General....................................................................................................................................................................... 69
一般.......................................................................................................................................................................69

Power Generation by the Project ......................................................................................................................... 69
项目发电量 .........................................................................................................................69

Scope and Limitation of Study ............................................................................................................................ 69
研究范围和局限性 ............................................................................................................................69

Zambia National Grid ........................................................................................................................................... 70
赞比亚国家电网 ...........................................................................................................................................70

Electricity Generation in Zambia ........................................................................................................................ 70
赞比亚的发电量 ........................................................................................................................70

Transmission Network in Zambia....................................................................................................................... 70
赞比亚输电网络.......................................................................................................................70

Power Supply in the Project Areas ....................................................................................................................... 72 7.3 Power Evacuation Options ............................................................................................................................ 72
项目区的电力供应 .......................................................................................................................72 7.3 电力疏散方案 ............................................................................................................................72

7.3.1 Option 1: Single Line 220 kV Line into the 220/66 kV Zesco Substations ....................................... 73 7.3.2 Option 2: Three (03) 66 kV Lines to Wells Spring & Siavonga (Lusitu) Substations .............................. 74 7.3.3 Evaluation of the Power Evacuation Options ........................................................................................................ 75
7.3.1 方案 1：单线 220 千伏线路接入 220/66 千伏 Zesco 变电站 .......................................73 7.3.2 方案 2：三 (03) 条 66 千伏线路接入 Wells Spring 和 Siavonga (Lusitu) 变电站 ..............................74 7.3.3 电力疏散方案评估 .......................................................................................................75

 7.3.4  Preferred Evacuation Option ................................................................................................................................. 75
7.3.4 首选疏散方案 .................................................................................................................................75

ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................................................................... 76
环境 ...................................................................................................................................................76

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 76
导言 ............................................................................................................................................................76

Project Description ................................................................................................................................................ 76
项目说明 ................................................................................................................................................76

Environmental Impact Assessment ..................................................................................................................... 76
环境影响评估 .....................................................................................................................76

Standards and Regulations for undertaking ESIA Studies ............................................................................. 77 8.2.1 Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) ESIA Requirements.................................. 77 8.2.2 Equator Principles Financial Institutions (EPFIs) ESIA Requirements ........................................... 78 8.2.3 IFC Performance Standards on Social and Environmental Sustainability ........................................ 79
开展环境影响评估研究的标准和规定 .............................................................................77 8.2.1 赞比亚环境管理局（ZEMA）ESIA 要求..................................77 8.2.2 《赤道原则》金融机构 (EPFIs) 环境影响评估要求 ...........................................78 8.2.3 国际金融公司社会与环境可持续性绩效标准 ........................................79

Environmental Considerations for the Development of the Project ............................................................ 81
项目开发的环境考虑因素 ............................................................81

Scope of Works ...................................................................................................................................................... 81 8.3.2 Benefits of the Project .................................................................................................................................. 81 8.4 Anticipated Environmental and Socio Impacts of the Project ............................................................... 81
Scope of Works ......................................................................................................................................................81 8.3.2 项目的效益 ................................................................................................................................ 。81 8.4项目预期的环境和社会影响 ..............................................................81

 8.4.1  Baseline Conditions .................................................................................................................................................. 82
8.4.1 基准线 条件 .................................................................................................................................................. 82

Physical Environment ............................................................................................................................................ 82

Ecological Resources ............................................................................................................................................. 83
Ecological Resources .............................................................................................................................................83

Socio-Economic and Cultural Issues .................................................................................................................. 85
Socio-Economic and Cultural Issues ..................................................................................................................85

 8.4.2  Anticipated Negative Impacts ................................................................................................................................ 87
8.4.2 预期的负面 影响 ................................................................................................................................ 87

Physical Environment ............................................................................................................................................ 88

Biological Impact .................................................................................................................................................... 89
Biological Impact ....................................................................................................................................................89

Socio-Economic Impacts ...................................................................................................................................... 90

 8.4.3  Proposed Mitigation Measures .............................................................................................................................. 90
8.4.3 建议的缓解措施 ..............................................................................................................................90

Physical Measures ................................................................................................................................................... 90
物理测量 ...................................................................................................................................................90

Biological Measures ................................................................................................................................................ 91
生物措施 ................................................................................................................................................91

Social Economic Measures ................................................................................................................................... 92
社会经济措施 ...................................................................................................................................92

Anticipated Positive Impacts ................................................................................................................................ 92
预期的积极影响 ................................................................................................................................92

Environmental Compliance and Permitting of the Project ............................................................................ 93
项目的环境合规和许可 ............................................................................93

Required Project compliance with IFC Performance Standards ................................................................... 93
要求项目符合国际金融中心绩效标准 ...................................................................93

Required Project compliance with ZEMA ........................................................................................................ 93
要求项目符合 ZEMA ........................................................................................................93

Other Environmental and Natural Resources Permits .................................................................................... 93
其他环境和自然资源许可证 ....................................................................................93

SCHEDULE ............................................................................................................................................................... 97
时间表 ...............................................................................................................................................................97

Schedule Assumptions ........................................................................................................................................... 97
附表假设 ...........................................................................................................................................97

Key Milestones ........................................................................................................................................................ 97
重要里程碑 ........................................................................................................................................................97

COST ESTIMATES ................................................................................................................................................. 98
费用估算 .................................................................................................................................................98

General....................................................................................................................................................................... 98
一般.......................................................................................................................................................................98

Solar PV Plant Capital Cost ................................................................................................................................. 98
太阳能光伏电站资本成本 .................................................................................................................................98

Cost of Solar PV Modules .................................................................................................................................... 98
太阳能光伏组件的成本 ....................................................................................................................................98

Balance of System Cost (BOS) ............................................................................................................................. 99
系统平衡成本 (BOS) .............................................................................................................................99

PV Installation Costs ............................................................................................................................................. 99
光伏安装成本 .............................................................................................................................................99

Estimation of Power Evacuation Costs .............................................................................................................. 99
电力疏散成本估算 ..............................................................................................................99

Estimating Costs for Transmission Line and Associated Grid reinforcements ......................................... 99
输电线路及相关电网加固工程成本估算 .........................................99

Substationss.............................................................................................................................................................. 99
变电站s..............................................................................................................................................................99

Key Cost Assumptions............................................................................................................................................ 99
主要成本假设............................................................................................................................................99

Estimated Project Capital Costs .......................................................................................................................... 99
项目资本成本估算 ..........................................................................................................................99

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................... 101
经济分析 ....................................................................................................................................101

Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 101
简介 ..........................................................................................................................................................101

General.................................................................................................................................................................... 101 11.1.2 Assumptions ............................................................................................................................................. 102 11.1.3 Evaluation Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 102 11.1.4 Sensitivity Analysis .................................................................................................................................. 102 11.2 Project Cost (Capital Cost) ...................................................................................................................... 102
一般....................................................................................................................................................................101 11.1.2 假设 .............................................................................................................................................102 11.1.3 评估标准 ..................................................................................................................................102 11.1.4 敏感性分析 ..................................................................................................................................102 11.2 项目成本（资本成本）......................................................................................................................102

11.3 Energy Value and Tariff ...................................................................................................................................... 102 11.4 Key Economic and Financial Outputs .............................................................................................................. 102 11.4.1 Annual Operation and Maintenance Costs ..................................................................................................... 102
11.3 能源价值和关税 ......................................................................................................................................102 11.4 关键经济和财务产出 ..............................................................................................................102 11.4.1 年度运营和维护成本 .....................................................................................................102

Payback Period ..................................................................................................................................................... 103
投资回收期 .....................................................................................................................................................103

Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE) .............................................................................................................. 103
平准化电力成本（LCOE） ..............................................................................................................103

Return on Investment .......................................................................................................................................... 103 11.4.5 Internal Rate of Return .......................................................................................................................... 103 11.4.6 Net Present Value.................................................................................................................................... 104 11.4.7 Other Economic and Financial Outputs ............................................................................................. 104
投资回报率 ..........................................................................................................................................103 11.4.5 内部收益率..........................................................................................................................103 11.4.6 净现值....................................................................................................................................104 11.4.7 其他经济和财务产出 .............................................................................................104

Cash Flows .................................................................................................................................................. 104
现金流量 ..................................................................................................................................................104

Cumulative Cash Flow .............................................................................................................................. 104 11.4.7.3 Cash Allocation .......................................................................................................................... 105
Cumulative Cash Flow ..............................................................................................................................104 11.4.7.3Cash Allocation ........................................................................................................................... 105

 11.5  Economic Analysis Summary .............................................................................................................................. 105
11.5 经济分析摘要 ..............................................................................................................................105

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................................ 107
结论和建议........................................................................................107

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................. 107
Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................................107

Power and Energy Generation ........................................................................................................................... 107
电力和能源生产 ...........................................................................................................................107

Power Evacuation ................................................................................................................................................. 107
Power Evacuation .................................................................................................................................................107

Project Cost and Economic Analysis ................................................................................................................ 107
项目成本和经济分析 ................................................................................................................107

Project Benefits ..................................................................................................................................................... 107

Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................... 107

REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................................................... 108

LIST OF FIGURES
图表目录

Fig 1: Project Location.................................................................................................................................................................. 2

Fig 2: Electricity Demand Forecast for Zambia ..................................................................................................................... 7
图 2：赞比亚电力需求预测 .....................................................................................................................7

Fig 3: Wells Spring & Siavonga (Lusitu) Primary School .................................................................................................. 8
图 3：Wells Spring & Siavonga (Lusitu)Primary School ................................................................................................. 8

Fig 4: Mine Operations at Baluba Mine ................................................................................................................................... 8
图 4：Baluba 的采矿作业 Mine ................................................................................................................................... 8

Fig 5: Electricity Supply Network around Wells Spring & Siavonga (Lusitu) ............................................................... 9
图 5：Wells Spring 和 Siavonga（Lusitu）周围的供电网络 ..............................................................9

Fig 6: Zambia Global Horizontal Irradiation (Solar GIS, 2019) ..................................................................................... 10
图 6：赞比亚全球水平辐照（太阳地理信息系统，2019 年） .....................................................................................10

Fig 7: Relief in the Project Site ................................................................................................................................................. 17
图 7：项目地点的浮雕 .................................................................................................................................................17

Fig 8: Drainage in the Project Areas ........................................................................................................................................ 18
图 8：项目区的排水系统 ........................................................................................................................................18

Fig 9: Characteristic Soils of the Project Areas ..................................................................................................................... 18
图 9：项目区的土壤特性 .....................................................................................................................18

Fig 10: Zambia Agro-Ecologic Zones .................................................................................................................................... 19
图 10：赞比亚农业生态区 ....................................................................................................................................19

Fig 11: Annual Hourly Average Temperatures ..................................................................................................................... 20
图 11：全年每小时平均气温 ..................................................................................................................... 20

Fig 12: Sun's Elevation and Azimuth at the Project Site for the Year 2023 ................................................................. 21
图 12：2023 年项目地点的太阳高度和方位角 ................................................................. 21

Fig 13: Average Hourly Wind Direction at the Project Site ............................................................................................. 22
图 13：项目地点的每小时平均风向 ............................................................................................. 22

Fig 14: Simplified Structural Map of Zambia showing the position of the Lufilian Arc ........................................... 23
图 14：显示卢菲利亚弧位置的赞比亚简化结构图 ........................................... 23

Fig 15: Geology of the Zambian Copperbelt ........................................................................................................................ 24
图 15：赞比亚铜带地质 ........................................................................................................................ 24

Fig 16: Seismic Events Around the Project Areas ................................................................................................................ 26
图 16：项目区周围的地震事件 ................................................................................................................ 26

Fig 17: Linguistic Map of Zambia ........................................................................................................................................... 27
图 17：赞比亚语言地图 ........................................................................................................................................... 27

Fig 18: Description of Array Orientation .............................................................................................................................. 32
图 18：阵列方向说明 ..............................................................................................................................32

Fig 19: Solar PV Fixed Mounting Structure ......................................................................................................................... 32
图 19：太阳能光伏固定安装结构 .........................................................................................................................32

Fig 20: Fixed Tilt Solar PV Fixed Mounting Structure (with Adjustable Members) ................................................. 33
图 20：固定倾斜式太阳能光伏固定安装结构（带可调节构件） .................................................33

Fig 21: Single-Axis Tracking Structure .................................................................................................................................. 34
图 21：单轴跟踪结构 ..................................................................................................................................34

Fig 22: Dual-Axis Tracking Structure .................................................................................................................................... 34
图 22：双轴跟踪结构 ....................................................................................................................................34

Fig 23: Benefit of Dual Axis Tracking System ...................................................................................................................... 35
图 23：双轴跟踪系统的优势 ......................................................................................................................35

Fig 24: Variation in Meteorological Data by Resource ...................................................................................................... 42
图 24：按资源分列的气象数据差异 ......................................................................................................42

Fig 25: Tilt and Azimuth Optimisation ................................................................................................................................. 46
图 25：倾斜和方位角优化 .................................................................................................................................46

Fig 26: PVSyst Loss Diagram .................................................................................................................................................. 49
图 26：PVSyst 损耗图 ..................................................................................................................................................49

Fig 27: Annual Hourly Generation ......................................................................................................................................... 50
图 27：年每小时发电量 .........................................................................................................................................50

Fig 28: Probability Distribution .............................................................................................................................................. 51
图 28：概率分布 ..............................................................................................................................................51

Fig 29: Ns,max Algorithm for Calculation PV Modules Per Inverter ................................................................................. 54
图 29：计算每个逆变器光伏组件的 N,max 算法 .................................................................................54

Fig 30: Canadian Solar CS3W-415P 1500V HE PV Module ....................................................................................... 55
图 30：阿特斯太阳能 CS3W-415P 1500V HE 光伏模块 .......................................................................................55

Fig 31: IV Characteristics of the CS3W-415P 1500V HE ............................................................................................. 56
图 31：CS3W-415P 1500V HE 的 IV 特性 .............................................................................................56

Fig 32: Proposed Mounting Structure .................................................................................................................................... 56
图 32：建议的安装结构 ....................................................................................................................................56

Fig 33: Proposed Panel Arrangement ..................................................................................................................................... 57
图 33：建议的面板布置 .....................................................................................................................................57

Fig 34: Huawei SUN2000-185KTL-H1 Inverter .............................................................................................................. 58
图 34：华为 SUN2000-185KTL-H1 逆变器 ..............................................................................................................58

Fig 35: Huawei Fusion-Solar ITS Smart PV Solution ....................................................................................................... 59
图 35：华为 Fusion-Solar ITS 智能光伏解决方案 .......................................................................................................59

Fig 36: Huawei STS-3000K Smart Transformer Station .................................................................................................. 60
图 36：华为 STS-3000K 智能变电站 ..................................................................................................60

Fig 37: Graphical View of the Huawei STS-3000K smart transformer Station .......................................................... 60
图 37：华为 STS-3000K 智能变电站图形图像 ..........................................................60

Fig 38: SLD of the Huawei STS-3000K Smart Transformer Station ............................................................................ 61
图 38：华为 STS-3000K 智能变电站的 SLD ............................................................................61

Fig 39: Arrangement of Solar PV Cell, Module and String .............................................................................................. 63
图 39：太阳能光伏电池、模块和组串的排列 ..............................................................................................63

Fig 40: Array Layout Design for Project ................................................................................................................................ 64
图 40：项目阵列布局设计 ................................................................................................................................64

Fig 41: 11 kV Line for Construction Power ......................................................................................................................... 66
图 41：11 千伏建筑电力线路 .........................................................................................................................66

Fig 42: GTL Solar PV Transport Route Options .............................................................................................................. 67
图 42：GTL 太阳能光伏发电运输路线选择 ..............................................................................................................67

Fig 43: Electricity Supply Network around Wells Spring & Siavonga (Lusitu) ........................................................... 72
图 43：Wells Spring 和 Siavonga（Lusitu）周围的供电网络 ...........................................................72

Fig 44: Extension of the 220 kV busbar at the 220/66 kV Wells Spring & Siavonga (Lusitu) Substations ....... 73
图 44：220/66 千伏 Wells Spring 和 Siavonga（Lusitu）变电站 220 千伏母线扩展 .......73

Fig 45: Single Line Drawing for the Evacuation Option at 220 kV ............................................................................... 73
图 45：220 千伏疏散方案单线图 ...............................................................................73

Fig 46: Extension of the 66 kV busbar at the 220/66 kV Wells Spring & Siavonga (Lusitu) Substations ......... 74
图 46：扩展 220/66 千伏 Wells Spring 和 Siavonga（Lusitu）变电站的 66 千伏母线 .........74

Fig 47: Single Line Drawing for the Evacuation Option at 66 kV .................................................................................. 75
图 47：66 千伏疏散方案单线图 ..................................................................................75

Fig 48: Extent of the Project Areas for ESIA Studies ......................................................................................................... 76
图 48：环境影响评估研究的项目区范围 .........................................................................................................76

Fig 49: Outlook of the Project Site ......................................................................................................................................... 84
图 49：项目地点展望 .........................................................................................................................................84

Fig 50: No Sign of Wildlife ...................................................................................................................................................... 85
图 50：没有野生动物的迹象 ......................................................................................................................................................85

Fig 51: Local Administration of the Project Site ................................................................................................................. 86
图 51：项目所在地的地方管理机构 .................................................................................................................86

Fig 52: Solar energy effectors for utility-scale solar energy technologies (Hernandez R.R et al, 2013) ................. 87 Fig 53: Yearly Cash Flow (kUS$) ........................................................................................................................................ 104 Fig 54: Cumulative Cash Flow (kUS$) ............................................................................................................................... 104
图 52：公用事业规模太阳能技术的太阳能效应器（Hernandez R.R et al，2013 年） .................87 图 53：年度现金流（千美元） ........................................................................................................................................104 图 54：累计现金流（千美元） ...............................................................................................................................104

Fig 55: Cash Allocation ........................................................................................................................................................... 105
图 55：现金分配 ...........................................................................................................................................................105

LIST OF TABLES
表格清单

Table 1: National Installed Generation Capacity in MW, 2020 – 2021 ........................................................................ 6
表 1：2020-2021 年全国发电装机容量（兆瓦） ........................................................................6

Table 2: National Consumption by Economic Sector, 2019 and 2020 .......................................................................... 6
表 2：2019 年和 2020 年按经济部门分列的国民消费情况 ..........................................................................6

Table 3: Peak Demand Projections for Zambia...................................................................................................................... 7
表 3：赞比亚高峰需求预测......................................................................................................................7

Table 4: Average Monthly Temperatures .............................................................................................................................. 20
表 4：月平均气温 .............................................................................................................................. 20

Table 5: Average Monthly Sunshine Hours .......................................................................................................................... 21
表 5：月平均日照时数 .......................................................................................................................... 21

Table 6: Annual Percentage of Time Cloud Cover .............................................................................................................. 22
表 6：每年云层覆盖的时间百分比 .............................................................................................................. 22

Table 7: Monthly Average Wind Speeds at the Project Site ............................................................................................. 22
表 7：项目地点的月平均风速 ............................................................................................. 22

Table 8: Monthly Average Rainfall in Mazabuka & Siavonga (Lusitu) .......................................................................... 23
表 8：Mazabuka 和 Siavonga（Lusitu）的月平均降雨量 ......................................................................... 23

Table 9: Seismic Events Around the Project Areas .............................................................................................................. 25
表 9：项目区周围的地震事件 .............................................................................................................. 25

Table 10: Characteristics of Some PV Technology Classes .............................................................................................. 29
表 10：部分光伏技术类别的特点 .............................................................................................. 29

Table 11: Applicable Standards in Solar PV Industry ........................................................................................................ 31
表 11：太阳能光伏产业的适用标准 ........................................................................................................31

Table 12: Inverter Technology Types .................................................................................................................................... 36
表 12：变频器技术类型 ....................................................................................................................................36

Table 13: Applicable Inverter Standards ................................................................................................................................ 37
表 13：适用的变频器标准 ................................................................................................................................37

Table 14: Characteristics of Meteorological Data ............................................................................................................... 40
表 14：气象数据的特点 ...............................................................................................................40

Table 15: Average Annual Global Horizontal Irradiation (kWh.m^-2) ............................................................................. 41
表 15：全球年平均水平辐照度（千瓦时/平方米-2） .............................................................................41

Table 16: Relative Difference in Average Annual Global Horizontal Irradiation ........................................................ 42
表 16：全球年平均水平辐照度的相对差异 ........................................................42

Table 17: Monthly Error Analysis for Long Term Averaged Data (vs Meteonorm 8.1) ........................................... 42
表 17：长期平均数据的月误差分析（与 Meteonorm 8.1 对比） ...........................................42

Table 18: Horizontal Irradiation and temperature values (Meteonorm 8.1) ................................................................. 46
表 18：水平辐照度和温度值（Meteonorm 8.1） .................................................................46

Table 19: PVSyst Model Set Up ............................................................................................................................................. 47
表 19：PVSyst 型号设置 .............................................................................................................................................47

Table 20: Loss Estimates for the GTL Solar PV Power Project ..................................................................................... 47
表 20：GTL 太阳能光伏发电项目的损失估计 .....................................................................................47

Table 21: Annual Performance Results for the GTL Solar PV Power Project ............................................................ 48
表 21：GTL 太阳能光伏发电项目的年度绩效结果 ............................................................48

Table 22: Annual Energy Production ..................................................................................................................................... 51
表 22：年度能源生产 .....................................................................................................................................51

Table 23: 25-Year Annual Energy Yield for the Power Plant .......................................................................................... 52
表 23：发电厂 25 年的年发电量 ..........................................................................................52

Table 24: Summary of PVSyst Simulation ............................................................................................................................ 52
表 24：PVSyst 仿真摘要 ............................................................................................................................52

Table 25: PV Module Characteristics .................................................................................................................................... 56
表 25：光伏组件特性 ....................................................................................................................................56

Table 26: Specifications of the SUN2000-185KTL-H1 .................................................................................................. 59
表 26：SUN2000-185KTL-H1 的规格 ..................................................................................................59

Table 27: Typical Specifications of the Huawei STS-3000K Smart Transformer Station ....................................... 61
表 27：华为 STS-3000K 智能变电站的典型规格 .......................................61

Table 28: List of Generation Plants in Zambia .................................................................................................................... 70
表 28：赞比亚发电厂清单 ....................................................................................................................70

Table 29: Frequency Load Shedding Settings ....................................................................................................................... 72
表 29：频率甩负荷设置 .......................................................................................................................72

Table 30: Comparisons of Key Operational Safeguards for Multilateral Banks ........................................................... 80
表 30：多边银行主要业务保障措施的比较 ...........................................................80

Table 31: Summary of Possible Impacts of the 250 MWp GTL Solar PV Power Plant ......................................... 94
表 31：250 MWp GTL 太阳能光伏电站可能产生的影响汇总 .........................................94

Table 32: Project Compliance with IFC Performance Standards ..................................................................................... 95
表 32：项目遵守国际金融公司绩效标准的情况 .....................................................................................95

Table 33: Feasibility Assessment Cost Estimates ................................................................................................................. 98
表 33：可行性评估成本估算 .................................................................................................................98

Table 34: Project Cost Estimates for Project ...................................................................................................................... 100
表 34：...................................................................................................................... 项目费用估算100

Table 35: Project Cost Estimates for Project ...................................................................................................................... 103
表 35：...................................................................................................................... 项目费用估算103

Table 36: Summary of Economic Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 105
表 36：经济分析概要 .........................................................................................................................105

Table 37: Detailed Economic Results (US$ ‘000) ............................................................................................................ 106
表 37：详细经济结果（千美元） ............................................................................................................106

LIST OF UNITS
单位一览表