BIOL1XX7 – Biopolymers: Glossary – Part 1
BIOL1XX7 – 生物聚合物：术语表– 第 1 部分
5’ and 3’ ends – indicate orientation of a nucleic acid chain – from the numbering of the atoms in the sugar ring
5' 和 3' 末端 –指示核酸链的方向 – 根据糖环中原子的编号
Aromatic rings – have alternating single and double bonds; flat and have absorbance in the UV
芳香环——具有交替的单键和双键；平坦且在紫外光下有吸光度
Absorbance (A) – spectroscopic property – how much light of a given wavelength passes through a solution of the molecule – e.g. A280 nm for aromatic amino acids and A260 nm for nucleobases
吸光度 (A) – 光谱特性 – 给定波长的光穿过分子溶液的量 – 例如，芳香族氨基酸的A 280 nm和核碱基的A 260 nm
Biopolymer - a polymeric substance occurring in living organisms
生物聚合物- 存在于生物体中的聚合物
N-glycosidic bond – covalent bond between sugar and base in RNA/DNA
N-糖苷键– RNA/DNA 中糖和碱基之间的共价键
N-terminus and C-terminus - indicate orientation of a protein or peptide chain – from the amino (NH2) and carboxy groups.
N 末端和 C 末端- 表示蛋白质或肽链的方向 - 来自氨基 (NH 2 ) 和羧基。
Peptide Bond – covalent bond between amino acids in peptides and proteins which is planar and rigid.
肽键——肽和蛋白质中氨基酸之间的共价键，是平面且刚性的。
Phosphodiester bond – covalent bond between nucleotides in RNA/DNA
磷酸二酯键– RNA/DNA 中核苷酸之间的共价键
Residue – generic name for a subunit in a polymer (more often used for proteins – also as “amino acid residue”)
残基- 聚合物中亚基的通用名称（更常用于蛋白质 - 也称为“氨基酸残基”）
BIOL1XX7 – Biopolymers: Glossary – Part 1
BIOL1XX7 – 生物聚合物：术语表 – 第 1 部分
B-DNA – standard double helix structure of DNA
B-DNA – 标准 DNA 双螺旋结构
Base-pairing –hydrogen bonding between bases
碱基配对——碱基之间的氢键
Deamination – loss of amine
脱氨作用——胺的损失
dsDNA – double stranded DNA
dsDNA——双链DNA
Electrophoresis – separation of molecules by electric current in permeable matrix
电泳– 通过电流在可渗透基质中分离分子
Electrostatic repulsion - charged atoms of the same charge push away from each other
静电斥力-相同电荷的带电原子相互推开
Major Groove – wide groove in B-DNA
主要凹槽– B-DNA 中的宽凹槽
Minor Groove – narrow groove in B-DNA
小沟——B-DNA 中的窄沟
ssDNA – single stranded DNA
ssDNA——单链DNA
Tm/Melting point – when 50% of the molecule is unfolded/separated
T m /熔点– 当 50% 的分子展开/分离时