Annotating Texts 注释文本
What is annotation? 什么是注释？
Annotation can be: 注释可以是
- A systematic summary of the text that you create within the document
对您在文档中创建的文本进行系统总结 - A key tool for close reading that helps you uncover patterns, notice important words, and identify main points
精读的关键工具，可帮助您发现模式、注意重要词语并识别要点 - An active learning strategy that improves comprehension and retention of information
一种主动学习策略，可提高对信息的理解力和记忆力
Why annotate? 为什么要注释？
- Isolate and organize important material
隔离和整理重要材料 - Identify key concepts 确定关键概念
- Monitor your learning as you read
在阅读过程中监控自己的学习情况 - Make exam prep effective and streamlined
有效简化备考 - Can be more efficient than creating a separate set of reading notes
比单独创建一套阅读笔记更有效率
How do you annotate? 如何注释？
Summarize key points in your own words.
用自己的话概括要点。
- Use headers and words in bold to guide you
使用标题和粗体字引导您 - Look for main ideas, arguments, and points of evidence
寻找主要观点、论点和证据点 - Notice how the text organizes itself. Chronological order? Idea trees? Etc.
请注意文本是如何组织的。时间顺序？观点树？等等。
Circle key concepts and phrases
圈出关键概念和短语
- What words would it be helpful to look-up at the end?
最后查一查哪些单词会有帮助？ - What terms show up in lecture? When are different words used for similar concepts? Why?
讲座中出现了哪些术语？类似的概念何时使用不同的词？为什么？
Write brief comments and questions in the margins
在空白处写下简短的评论和问题
- Be as specific or broad as you would like—use these questions to activate your thinking about the content
问题可具体也可宽泛--利用这些问题激活你对内容的思考 - See our handout on reading comprehension tips for some examples
请参阅我们的"阅读理解技巧 "手册，了解一些示例
Use abbreviations and symbols
使用缩略语和符号
- Try ? when you have a question or something you need to explore further
当您有问题或需要进一步探索时，请尝试...... - Try ! When something is interesting, a connection, or otherwise worthy of note
尝试 ！当某件事情很有趣、有关联或值得注意时 - Try * For anything that you might use as an example or evidence when you use this information.
尝试 * 您在使用这些信息时可能用作示例或证据的任何内容。 - Ask yourself what other system of symbols would make sense to you.
问问自己，还有什么其他的符号系统会对你有意义。
Highlight/underline 高亮/下划线
- Highlight or underline, but mindfully. Check out our resource on strategic highlighting for tips on when and how to highlight.
高亮或下划线，但要用心。请查看我们的策略性加亮资源，了解何时以及如何加亮的技巧。
Use comment and highlight features built into pdfs, online/digital textbooks, or other apps and browser add-ons
使用 pdf、在线/数字教科书或其他应用程序和浏览器插件中内置的注释和高亮功能
- Are you using a pdf? Explore its highlight, edit, and comment functions to support your annotations
您在使用 pdf 吗？探索其高亮、编辑和注释功能，为您的注释提供支持 - Some browsers have add-ons or extensions that allow you to annotate web pages or web-based documents
某些浏览器的附加组件或扩展程序可让您为网页或网络文档添加注释 - Does your digital or online textbook come with an annotation feature?
您的数字或在线教科书有注释功能吗？ - Can your digital text be imported into a note-taking tool like OneNote, EverNote, or Google Keep? If so, you might be able to annotate texts in those apps
您的数字文本可以导入 OneNote、EverNote 或 Google Keep 等笔记工具吗？如果可以，您或许可以在这些应用程序中为文本添加注释
What are the most important takeaways?
最重要的收获是什么？
- Annotation is about increasing your engagement with a text
注释是为了提高您对文本的参与度 - Increased engagement, where you think about and process the material then expand on your learning, is how you achieve mastery in a subject
提高参与度，即对教材进行思考和处理，然后扩展学习内容，这就是掌握一门学科的方法 - As you annotate a text, ask yourself: how would I explain this to a friend?
当您注释文本时，问问自己：我该如何向朋友解释？ - Put things in your own words and draw connections to what you know and wonder
用自己的语言表达事情，并将其与自己的知识和疑惑联系起来
The table below demonstrates this process using a geography textbook excerpt (Press 2004):
下表利用地理教科书节选（Press 2004）演示了这一过程：
A common concern about annotating texts: It takes time!
为文本添加注释是一个常见问题：这需要时间！
Yes, it can, but that time isn’t lost—it’s invested.
是的，可以，但时间并没有损失，而是投入了。
Spending the time to annotate on the front end does two important things:
花时间在前端添加注释有两个重要作用：
- It saves you time later when you’re studying. Your annotated notes will help speed up exam prep, because you can review critical concepts quickly and efficiently.
它能为你以后的学习节省时间。您的注释笔记将有助于加快备考速度，因为您可以快速高效地复习关键概念。 - It increases the likelihood that you will retain the information after the course is completed. This is especially important when you are supplying the building blocks of your mind and future career.
这将增加你在课程结束后保留信息的可能性。这一点在为你的头脑和未来的职业生涯奠定基础时尤为重要。
One last tip: Try separating the reading and annotating processes! Quickly read through a section of the text first, then go back and annotate.
最后一个建议：尝试将阅读和批注过程分开！先快速通读一段文字，然后再回过头来做批注。
Works consulted: 参考作品：
Nist, S., & Holschuh, J. (2000). Active learning: strategies for college success. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 202-218.
Nist, S., & Holschuh, J. (2000).Active learning: strategies for college success.波士顿：Allyn and Bacon.202-218.
Simpson, M., & Nist, S. (1990). Textbook annotation: An effective and efficient study strategy for college students. Journal of Reading, 34: 122-129.
Simpson, M., & Nist, S. (1990).教科书注释：大学生高效学习策略。阅读期刊》，34：122-129。
Press, F. (2004). Understanding earth (4th ed). New York: W.H. Freeman. 208-210.
Press, F. (2004).Understanding Earth (4th ed).New York：W.H. Freeman.208-210.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License.
本作品采用知识共享 署名-非商业性-禁止衍生 4.0 版许可协议进行许可。
You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Learning Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
如果您使用整个讲义并注明出处，您可以将其复制为非商业用途：北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校学习中心