Final Group Project Proposal
最终小组项目提案
COMPUTATIONAL ARTS-BASED RESEARCH AND THEORY
基于计算艺术的研究和理论
Project Title: Xenotransplantation and Animal Ethics in Artistic Reflection
项目名称：艺术反思中的异种移植和动物伦理
Keywords: Animal Rights / Decentralization of Humanity / Posthumanism
关键词：动物权利 / 人类的去中心化 / 后人类主义
GROUP: 2.13
组： 2.13
Jiayi Tang(jtang011)
唐佳怡（jtang011）
Yumeng Lin (ylin035)
林玉梦 （ylin035）
Ruohan Li (rli011)
李若晗 （rli011）
1. Background and Significance
1. 背景和意义
Globally, organ shortage has become a major public health crisis threatening human lives. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1 million people require organ transplants annually, but only about 10% of the demand is met, leaving roughly 90% of patients without access to life-saving organ transplants. In the United States, data from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) shows that over 100,000 people are currently on the transplant waiting list, with around 17 patients dying each day due to the lack of timely transplants.
在全球范围内，器官短缺已成为威胁人类生命的重大公共卫生危机。根据世界卫生组织 （WHO） 的数据，每年大约有 100 万人需要器官移植，但只有大约 10% 的需求得到满足，导致大约 90% 的患者无法获得挽救生命的器官移植。在美国，器官共享联合网络 （UNOS） 的数据显示，目前有超过 100,000 人在移植等待名单上，每天约有 17 名患者因缺乏及时移植而死亡。
Against this challenging backdrop, exploring new solutions to address organ shortages is urgently needed. Xenotransplantation, as an innovative biomedical technology, has gradually become a key focus in research and practice.
在这种充满挑战的背景下，迫切需要探索解决器官短缺的新解决方案。异种移植作为一种创新的生物医学技术，已逐渐成为研究和实践的重点。
2. Scientific Foundation & Prospects of Xenotransplantation
2. 异种移植的科学基础和前景
Studies show that pigs share high physiological similarities with humans, particularly in organs such as the heart, making them highly adaptable as potential organ donors. Genetically modified pig organs can effectively reduce rejection during transplantation and have demonstrated significant adaptability in numerous experiments (Goldstein, 2021; Kobayashi & Cooper, 2020).
研究表明，猪与人类具有高度的生理相似性，尤其是在心脏等器官方面，这使它们成为潜在的器官供体具有很强的适应性。转基因猪器官可以有效减少移植过程中的排斥反应，并在许多实验中显示出显着的适应性（Goldstein，2021 年;Kobayashi & Cooper， 2020）。
This technological innovation provides a viable future solution to alleviate the global organ shortage crisis, gaining widespread attention from the scientific and medical communities. As technology continues to advance, xenotransplantation is expected to become a major source of organ supply in the future.
这项技术创新为缓解全球器官短缺危机提供了可行的未来解决方案，引起了科学界和医学界的广泛关注。随着技术的不断进步，异种移植有望成为未来器官供应的主要来源。
3. Animal Rights and Ethical Controversies
3. 动物权利和道德争议
Although xenotransplantation showcases immense medical potential, it also raises profound ethical concerns. The extensive use of animals as organ donors has sparked questions regarding animal rights.
尽管异种移植展示了巨大的医学潜力，但它也引发了深刻的伦理问题。动物作为器官捐献者的广泛使用引发了有关动物权利的质疑。
The theoretical frameworks of posthumanism and decentralization of humanity (e.g., Rosi Braidotti, 2013; Donna Haraway, 2008) suggest the need to rethink humanity’s dominant position over other life forms and emphasize the importance of multispecies coexistence.
后人类主义和人类去中心化的理论框架（例如，Rosi Braidotti，2013 年;Donna Haraway，2008 年）建议需要重新思考人类相对于其他生命形式的主导地位，并强调多物种共存的重要性。
These perspectives criticize the instrumentalization of animal life and advocate for ethical reflections centered on respecting animal lives (Haraway, 2018; Fletcher et al., 2022).
这些观点批评了动物生命的工具化，并倡导以尊重动物生命为中心的道德反思（Haraway，2018 年;Fletcher et al.， 2022）。
Project Output
项目产出
4.1 Dynamic Network Simulation of Xenotransplantation
4.1 异种移植的动态网络模拟
4.2 Concept:
4.2 概念：
This project employs dynamic visualization to simulate the process of xenotransplantation. Humans, animals, and organs are represented as nodes in a dynamic network structure. Through the processes of expansion, contraction, and eventual fragmentation of the nodes, the work illustrates the adaptation, dependency, and conflicts involved in transplantation. Using dynamic changes in the network and artistic symbols, the project prompts audiences to reflect on the instrumentalization of life, the relationship between technology and life, and the redefinition of the value of animal life.
该项目采用动态可视化来模拟异种移植的过程。人类、动物和器官在动态网络结构中表示为节点。通过淋巴结的扩张、收缩和最终分裂的过程，这项工作说明了移植中涉及的适应、依赖和冲突。该项目利用网络和艺术符号的动态变化，促使观众反思生命的工具化、技术与生命之间的关系以及对动物生命价值的重新定义。
4.3 Technical Implementation:
4.3 技术实现：
The project utilizes p5.js to generate a dynamic network driven by heart rate audio:
该项目利用 p5.js 生成由心率音频驱动的动态网络：
1）Node Design:
1）节点设计：
Each node represents humans, animals, or organs.
每个节点代表人类、动物或器官。
Animal organ nodes adapt during the transplantation process (expanding and contracting) and eventually fragment, symbolizing their instrumentalization and sacrifice.
动物器官节点在移植过程（扩张和收缩）过程中适应并最终分裂，象征着它们的工具化和牺牲。
2）Dynamic Network Relationships:
2）动态网络关系：
Heartbeat rhythm drives changes in the network’s connections. The color and transparency of the connections represent the strength of interdependence between life forms.
检测信号节奏驱动网络连接的变化。连接的颜色和透明度代表了生命形式之间相互依存的力量。
As the transplantation process progresses, some connections may break or become tighter, simulating the reshaping of relationships through technology.
随着移植过程的进行，一些连接可能会中断或变得更加紧密，从而模拟通过技术重塑关系。
3）Overall Dynamics: The network structure becomes increasingly complex with the heartbeat rhythm, ultimately leading to the fragmented state post-transplantation, showcasing the intricate interactions and conflicts among species.
3）整体动力学网络结构随着心跳节律而变得越来越复杂，最终导致移植后处于碎片化状态，展示了物种之间错综复杂的相互作用和冲突。
4.4 Key Questions:
4.4 关键问题：
Do animal organs serve merely as tools after transplantation?
动物器官在移植后仅仅用作工具吗？
How does transplantation technology redefine the interdependence and conflict between human and animal lives?
移植技术如何重新定义人类和动物生命之间的相互依存和冲突？
Is the value of animal life redefined by human demands?
人类的需求是否重新定义了动物生命的价值？
5. Goals and Expected Impact
5. 目标和预期影响
5.1 Goals:
5.1 目标：
The project aims to explore the scientific applications and ethical challenges of xenotransplantation by integrating technology and art, offering a multidisciplinary perspective. By incorporating posthumanist theories and artistic expressions of multispecies coexistence, it seeks to guide audiences to reconsider the complex relationships between humans and other life forms.
该项目旨在通过整合技术和艺术来探索异种移植的科学应用和伦理挑战，并提供多学科视角。通过结合后人类主义理论和多物种共存的艺术表现形式，它试图引导观众重新思考人类与其他生命形式之间的复杂关系。
5.2 Expected Impact:
5.2 预期影响：
Reveal the ethical dilemmas underlying xenotransplantation, particularly its impact on animals and ecology in the technological era.
揭示异种移植背后的道德困境，特别是它在技术时代对动物和生态的影响。
Use dynamic visualizations to directly demonstrate the instrumentalization of animal organs, provoking deep reflections on the nature of life and technological ethics.
使用动态可视化直接演示动物器官的工具化，引发对生命本质和技术伦理的深刻反思。
Stimulate greater public attention to ecological ethics, biomedical technology, and the interplay between human and animal lives.
激发公众对生态伦理、生物医学技术以及人类与动物生命之间相互作用的更多关注。
6. References List
6. 参考文献列表
1. eGenesis, n.d. Global organ shortage overview. [online] Available at: https://egenesisbio.com/transplant-shortage/ [Accessed 9 November 2024].
1. eGenesis， n.d. 全球器官短缺概述。[在线]网址：https://egenesisbio.com/transplant-shortage/ [2024 年 11 月 9 日访问]。
2. OrganDonor.gov, n.d. U.S. organ donation statistics. [online] Available at: https://www.organdonor.gov/learn/organ-donation-statistics [Accessed 9 November 2024].
2. OrganDonor.gov，n.d. 美国器官捐献统计。[在线]见：https://www.organdonor.gov/learn/organ-donation-statistics [2024 年 11 月 9 日访问]。
3. Donate Life America, n.d. Organ donation statistics. [online] Available at: https://donatelife.net/donation/statistics/ [Accessed 9 November 2024].
3. Donate Life America， n.d. 器官捐献统计。[在线]见：https://donatelife.net/donation/statistics/ [2024 年 11 月 9 日访问]。
4. Klein, A.S., Messersmith, E.E., Ratner, L.E., Kochik, R., Baliga, P. and Rosendale, J.D., 2019. Trends in solid organ transplantation: 2019 report. American Journal of Transplantation. [online] Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/16006143 [Accessed 9 November 2024].
4. Klein， A.S.， Messersmith， E.E.， Ratner， L.E.， Kochik， R.， Baliga， P. 和 Rosendale， J.D.，2019 年。实体器官移植趋势：2019 年报告。美国移植杂志。 [在线] 见：https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/16006143 [2024 年 11 月 9 日访问]。
5. Kobayashi, T. and Cooper, D.K., 2020. Recent advances in xenotransplantation research: 2020 report. Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation. [online] Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ [Accessed 9 November 2024].
5. Kobayashi， T. 和 Cooper， D.K.，2020 年。异种移植研究的最新进展：2020 年报告。器官移植的当前观点。 [在线] 见：https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ [2024 年 11 月 9 日访问]。
6. Braidotti, R., 2013. The Posthuman. Cambridge: Polity Press.
6.Braidotti， R.，2013 年。 后人类。 剑桥：政治出版社。
7. Haraway, D.J., 2008. When Species Meet. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
7.Haraway， D.J.，2008 年。 当物种相遇时。 明尼阿波利斯：明尼苏达大学出版社。
8. Haraway, D., 2018. Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. Durham: Duke University Press.
8.Haraway， D.，2018 年。 与麻烦同在：在 Chthulucene 中建立亲属。 达勒姆：杜克大学出版社。
9. Fletcher, J., Ost, S. and Fovargue, S., 2010. When should precaution prevail? Interests in (public) health, the risk of harm and xenotransplantation. Medical Law Review. [online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/45707749_When_should_precaution_prevail_Interests_in_public_health_the_risk_of_harm_and_xenotransplantation [Accessed 9 November 2024].
9.Fletcher， J.、Ost， S. 和 Fovargue， S.，2010 年。何时应采取预防措施？对（公共）健康的兴趣、伤害和异种移植的风险。医学法律评论。 [在线] 见：https://www.researchgate.net/publication/45707749_When_should_precaution_prevail_Interests_in_public_health_the_risk_of_harm_and_xenotransplantation [2024 年 11 月 9 日访问]。