描述

FIT9131 Assignment B: Australian Rules Football simulation
FIT9131 作业 B：澳式橄榄球模拟

Introduction 介绍

This assignment is due by 11:55pm Friday of Week 12 (Friday 18 October). It is worth 35% of the marks for your final assessment in this unit. Heavy penalties will apply for late submission. This is an individual assignment and must be your own work. You must attribute the source of any part of your code which you have not written yourself. Please note the section on plagiarism in this document.
此作业应在第 12 周的星期五（10 月 18 日星期五）晚上 11：55 之前完成。本单元的最终评估占分数的 35%。逾期提交将受到重罚。这是一项个人作业，必须是您自己的作业。您必须对非您自己编写的代码的任何部分的源代码进行署名。请注意本文档中关于抄袭的部分。

In preparing your program, please note the following:
在准备您的程序时，请注意以下事项：

You must use the workspace environment in the Ed platform to code all parts of your program. You must not copy and paste large sections of code from somewhere else.
您必须使用 Ed 平台中的工作区环境对程序的所有部分进行编码。您不得从其他位置复制和粘贴大段代码。
You must acknowledge all code in your assignment that you have taken from other sources.
您必须确认作业中从其他来源获取的所有代码。
The Java source code for this assignment must be implemented according to the FIT9131 Java Coding Standards.
此作业的 Java 源代码必须根据 FIT9131 Java 编码标准实现。
Only a text interface is to be used for this program. More marks will be gained for a program that is easy to follow with clear navigation information and error messages.
此程序仅使用文本界面。易于遵循且具有清晰的导航信息和错误消息的程序将获得更多分数。
In this assessment, you must not use generative artificial intelligence (AI) to generate any materials or content in relation to the assessment task.
在此评估中，您不得使用生成式人工智能（AI）生成与评估任务相关的任何材料或内容。

Any points needing clarification may be discussed with your tutor in your applied learning class. You should not make any assumptions about the program without consulting your tutor.
任何需要澄清的要点都可以在您的应用学习课程中与您的导师讨论。在未咨询您的导师的情况下，您不应对该程序做出任何假设。

Completion of this assignment contributes towards the following FIT9131 learning outcomes:
完成此作业有助于实现以下FIT9131学习成果：

Design and construct Java programs according to standard object-oriented principles
根据标准的面向对象原则设计和构建 Java 程序
Apply and demonstrate debugging processes to Java applications
将调试过程应用于 Java 应用程序并演示 Java 应用程序
Develop strategies for efficient and effective program testing
制定高效和有效的程序测试策略
Document code according to specific programming standards
根据特定编程标准记录代码
Identify and apply the "object-oriented" concepts of encapsulation, abstraction and polymorphism
识别并应用封装、抽象和多态性的“面向对象”概念
Explain and apply software engineering principles of maintainability, readability and modularisation
解释并应用可维护性、可读性和模块化的软件工程原则

Specification 规范

Overview and background 概述和背景

For this assignment you will write a simulation of an Australian Rules Football game. Australian Rules Football (AFL) is a ball game played between two teams of 18 players on an oval-shaped field. At each end of the field are two tall central goalposts and two shorter outer posts. The aim of the game is for a player to kick the ball between the opponent’s posts. If the ball is kicked between the large goalposts then a goal is scored: if it is kicked between a central and an outer post then a behind is scored. A goal is worth 6 points and a behind is worth 1 point.
对于这项作业，您将编写一个澳式足球比赛的模拟。澳式橄榄球（AFL）是两支由 18 名球员组成的球队在椭圆形场地上进行的球类比赛。球场的每一端都有两个高大的中央球门柱和两个较短的外柱。游戏的目的是让球员在对方的门柱之间踢球。如果球踢在大球门柱之间，则得分：如果球踢在中门柱和外门柱之间，则得分。进球值 6 分，落后值 1 分。

Players take positions in different sections of the field. The players near the opponent’s goalposts are called forwards. The players in the middle of the field are called midfielders. The players who defend the goals are called defenders. Figure 1 below shows a field with the different positions and the goalposts for the team who are defending the goalposts on the lower right of the diagram. This team will try to kick goals through the goalposts on the opposite side of the ground. The opposition team will defend these goalposts and their forward and defender positions will be reversed.
玩家在场地的不同区域占据位置。靠近对方球门柱的球员被称为前锋。中场的球员称为中场球员。防守球门的球员称为防守球员。下面的图 1 显示了一个字段，其中包含不同位置和防守球门柱的球队的球门柱，位于图的右下角。这支球队将尝试将球踢过球场对面的球门柱。对方球队将防守这些球门柱，他们的前锋和后卫位置将颠倒。

Figure 1: AFL field showing the positions of one team
图 1：显示一支球队位置的 AFL 字段

An AFL football game is played in four quarters of 20 minutes. The game begins in the centre circle in the middle of the ground. The players in each team try to move the ball towards their opponent's goals by kicking the ball to a teammate closer to the goals. When a player within goal kicking distance (usually a forward player) gains possession of the ball, they can attempt to kick a goal. If a goal is kicked then the team scores 6 points and the ball is returned to the centre of the ground. If a behind is kicked then the team scores one point and one of the defenders in the other team takes possession of the ball and the game continues.
一场 AFL 足球比赛分四节进行，每节 20 分钟。游戏从地面中间的中圆开始。每支球队的球员都试图通过将球踢给更靠近球门的队友，将球移向对手的球门。当球门距离内的球员（通常是前锋球员）获得控球权时，他们可以尝试射门。如果进球，则球队得 6 分，球被送回场地中心。如果踢出落后球，则球队得 1 分，另一队的一名防守队员控球，比赛继续进行。

Special Note: Before week 11 there may be a small enhancement to the specification, so good design for your program will be important to allow easy modification to incorporate this change.
特别说明：在第 11 周之前，规范可能会有一个小的增强，因此为您的程序提供良好的设计对于允许轻松修改以包含此更改非常重要。

The Australian Rules Football game simulation
澳式橄榄球比赛模拟

The Australian Rules Football game you will write will simulate one game of football between two teams, each with 18 players. Each team will have five forwards, eight midfielders and five defenders. In addition, each team has four reserve players who can replace players who become injured. A number of players in each team will be star players who are more skilled at the game..
您将编写的澳式足球游戏将模拟两支球队之间的一场足球比赛，每支球队有 18 名球员。每支球队将有 5 名前锋、8 名中场和 5 名后卫。此外，每支球队有四名预备队球员，他们可以替换受伤的球员。每支队伍中的一些球员将是更擅长比赛的明星球员..

The simulated game will be played in four 20 minute quarters, with each quarter involving a series of 80 random events where the player with the ball will try to kick the ball to another teammate or through the goalposts to gain points. At times the kick will result in a turnover where a player from the opposite team gains possession of the ball.
模拟比赛将分四个 20 分钟的季度进行，每季度涉及一系列 80 个随机事件，其中带球的球员将尝试将球踢给另一个队友或穿过球门柱以获得分数。有时，踢球会导致失误，对方球队的球员获得控球权。

After each quarter the current score will be displayed. After the 4th quarter the game result is displayed. The team with the most points wins the game. Note: A goal is worth 6 points and a behind is worth 1 point.
每节结束后，将显示当前分数。第 4 节之后，显示比赛结果。得分最高的球队赢得比赛。注意：进球值 6 分，落后值 1 分。

Program design 程序设计

The core components of your program will be Team, Player and AFLGame classes but a good design will incorporate more classes. The program design will be discussed in your classes.
程序的核心组件将是 Team、Player 和 AFLGame 类，但一个好的设计将包含更多的类。程序设计将在您的课程中讨论。

Program start up 程序启动

The details of the teams are read from two files: teamA.txt and teamB.txt. These files will have the same format. The first line on the file is the team name. This is followed by 22 lines, with each line giving the details for one player as three comma separated values:
团队的详细信息从两个文件中读取：teamA.txt 和 teamB.txt。这些文件将具有相同的格式。文件的第一行是团队名称。后面是 22 行，每行以三个逗号分隔值的形式给出一个玩家的详细信息：

player name (String) 玩家名称（String）
field position (String) - forward, midfielder, defender, reserve
场上位置（字符串） - 前锋、中场、后卫、后备队员
total goals kicked for the season (int)
本赛季总进球数（INT）

From this data two Team objects are created. Each Team object will have team name and a collection of Player objects stored as an ArrayList. Each player object will have a player name, field position, seasons goals as fields. You will likely decide to have other fields in these classes.
根据此数据创建两个 Team 对象。每个 Team 对象都将具有团队名称和存储为 ArrayList 的 Player 对象集合。每个 player 对象都将具有 player name、field position、seasons goals 作为字段。您可能会决定在这些类中包含其他字段。

The user running the simulation will be invited to nominate the number of star players in each team. Players in each team will be randomly picked to be a star player. Each team will have from 0 (zero) to 8 star players.
运行模拟的用户将被邀请提名每支球队中的明星球员数量。每支球队的球员将被随机挑选为明星球员。每支球队将有 0（零）到 8 名明星球员。

Game Play 游戏玩法

The game begins with the first quarter and play starts in the centre circle in the middle of the field. The teams have an equal chance of having first possession of the ball. The first player will be a midfielder, randomly chosen from the midfielders in the team.
比赛从第一节开始，比赛从场地中间的中圈开始。两支球队有平等的机会首先控球。第一名球员将是中场球员，从球队的中场球员中随机选择。

The quarter consists of a series of events where the player in possession of the ball player kicks the ball. The outcome of the event is determined by the player's position and star status. The probability of each outcome for a normal (non-star) player is shown in Table 1 and for a star player is shown in Table 2. For example, an ordinary midfielder has a 5% chance of kicking a goal, a 10% chance of kicking a behind, 30% chance of passing to a forward in the same team, 30% pass to another midfield in the same team, 25% turnover to a midfield in the other team.
该节由一系列事件组成，其中控球球员踢球。活动的结果取决于玩家的位置和星级状态。普通（非明星）玩家每种结果的概率显示在表 1 中，明星玩家的概率显示在表 2 中。例如，一名普通中场球员有 5% 的机会踢球，10% 的机会踢后球，30% 的机会传球给同一球队的前锋，30% 的机会传球给同一球队的另一名中场，25% 的失误给另一支球队的中场。

Table 1: Probability of outcomes for players in each position
表 1：每个位置上球员的结果概率

Table 2: Probability of outcomes for star players in each position
表 2：明星球员在每个位置上的结果概率

Actions following each outcome:
每个结果之后的操作：

If a goal or behind is kicked then the scores for the player and team are updated and the result is displayed.
如果进球或落后，则更新球员和球队的分数并显示结果。

- After a goal the ball is returned to the centre circle. The teams have an equal chance of having possession of the ball and player who takes possession will be a midfielder, randomly chosen from the midfielders in the team.
  进球后，球被送回中圈。两支球队拥有控球权的机会相等，控球权的球员将是中场球员，从球队的中场球员中随机选择。

- After a behind, a defender of the other team takes the ball, and play continues. The defender who takes the ball is randomly chosen from the team's defenders.
  落后，另一支球队的一名后卫拿球，比赛继续进行。拿球的后卫是从球队的后卫中随机选择的。
If the ball is passed to another teammate in a specified position, a player in that position is randomly chosen from the team.
如果球传给指定位置的另一个队友，则从该队中随机选择该位置的一名球员。
If there is a turnover and the ball passes to an opposition player in a specified position, then a player from the team is randomly chosen.
如果出现失误并且球传给指定位置的对方球员，则随机选择该队的一名球员。

At each event there is a 2% chance of a player becoming injured and needing to leave the field. When this happens a reserve player is brought onto the field and takes the position of the injured player, and the game continues. If more than four players in a team become injured then the team must forfeit the match. In this case, the match ends and the other team is the winner.
在每场比赛中，有 2% 的几率球员受伤并需要离开球场。发生这种情况时，一名替补球员被带到场上并取代受伤球员的位置，比赛继续进行。如果一支球队中有四名以上的球员受伤，则该球队必须放弃比赛。在这种情况下，比赛结束，另一支球队获胜。

After 80 events the quarter ends and the current scores for each team are displayed. If one, two or three quarters have been played then the next quarter is played.
在 80 场赛事之后，季度结束并显示每支球队的当前分数。如果已经进行了 1 节、2 节或 3 节，则进行下一节。

Occasionally a player will violate the rules of the game and is reported by the umpire. Each player has a 1% chance of being reported during a game. If a player is reported they continue playing
偶尔会有球员违反比赛规则并被裁判员举报。每个玩家在游戏中都有 1% 的几率被举报。如果举报了玩家，他们将继续玩游戏

End of the game 游戏结束

If four quarters have been played then the game ends and the final result is determined. The winner is the team with the highest number of points. If both teams have the same number of points then the game is a draw. The following final game statistics are displayed:
如果已经进行了四节比赛，则比赛结束并确定最终结果。获胜者是得分最高的团队。如果两支球队的积分相同，则比赛为平局。将显示以下最终游戏统计数据：

Game result 比赛结果
Total goals, behinds, and points for each team
每支球队的总进球数、落后数和总分
Name of the player in each team who has the greatest number of kicks.
每支球队中踢球次数最多的球员的姓名。
Name of the highest goal scorer in each team
每支球队中进球最多的球员姓名
Individual player statistics for each team:
每支球队的个人球员统计数据：

- player name and indication of whether the player is injured and/or reported
  球员姓名以及球员是否受伤和/或报告的指示
- kicks 踢
- goals 目标
- behinds 背后
- percentage of effective disposals calculated as:
  有效处置的百分比计算如下：

number of kicks with a positive outcome (goal, behind, successful pass to a teammate) * 100 /
有正数的踢球次数（进球、落后、成功传球给队友）* 100 /
number of kicks 踢球次数

List of injured players 受伤球员名单
List of reported players 被举报玩家名单

The player information is written to two separate files - teamAUpdated.txt and teamBUpdated.txt.
播放器信息将写入两个单独的文件 - teamAUpdated.txt 和 teamBUpdated.txt。

Program and Class Design 程序和类设计

The design of the program will be discussed in your Applied Class in Week 9. It is important that you attend this class.
该程序的设计将在第 9 周的应用课程中讨论。参加这门课很重要。

Important Notes 重要说明

Your program must demonstrate your understanding of the object-oriented concepts and general programming constructs presented in FIT9131. Consider carefully your choice of classes, how they interact and the fields and methods of each class. You must use appropriate data structures to store the various objects in the program. You must make use of both Arrays and ArrayLists in your program. Make sure that you discuss your design with your tutor. You must document any additional assumptions you made.
您的程序必须证明您对 FIT9131 中介绍的面向对象概念和一般编程结构的理解。请仔细考虑您选择的类、它们的交互方式以及每个类的字段和方法。您必须使用适当的数据结构来存储程序中的各种对象。您必须在程序中同时使用 Arrays 和 ArrayLists。确保你和你的导师讨论你的设计。您必须记录您所做的任何其他假设。
You will be required to justify your design and the choice of any data structures used at the interview.
您将需要证明您的设计和面试中使用的任何数据结构的选择。
Validation of values for fields and local variables should be implemented where appropriate. You should not allow an object of a class to be set to an invalid state (i.e., put some simple validations in your mutator methods).
应在适当的情况下实施字段和局部变量的值验证。你不应该允许将 class 的对象设置为无效状态（即，在你的 mutator 方法中放置一些简单的验证）。
Your program should handle incorrect or invalid input and present the user with relevant error messages. No invalid input should crash the program.
您的程序应处理不正确或无效的输入，并向用户显示相关的错误消息。没有无效的输入应该使程序崩溃。
Exception handling should be used where appropriate.
应在适当的情况下使用异常处理。

Assessment 评估

Assessment for this assignment will be done via an interview with your tutor. The marks will be allocated as follows:
此作业的评估将通过与导师的面谈来完成。分数分配如下：

10% - Progress of test strategy and code development, as shown via Ed workspace environment. Your tutor will assess your work during your applied session in weeks 10 and 11.
10% - 测试策略和代码开发的进度，如 Ed 工作区环境所示。您的导师将在第 10 周和第 11 周的申请课程中评估您的作业。
- 5% in week 10 for the Player class and its test plan (i.e., a list of tests)
  第 10 周 Player 类及其测试计划（即测试列表）为 5%
- 5% in week 11 for a draft of the class diagram and two further classes, which must be a FileIO class and another class which is a client class (please see Lesson 8.1.2 for an explanation of client class). Note that the class diagram should show the individual classes and the interactions between the classes but does not need to include the details within the classes.
  第 11 周的 5% 用于类图草稿和另外两个类，它们必须是 FileIO 类和另一个类是 client 类（有关客户端类的解释，请参阅第 8.1.2 课）。请注意，类图应显示各个类以及类之间的交互，但不需要包含类中的详细信息。
10% - Test strategy for the Player class, the class which holds the details of a Player. For the test strategy you are only required to provide details of tests for the constructors, the toString/display method, and one get and one set method. Also, for the non-default (parameterised) constructor and the get and set methods just one positive and one negative test are required.
10% - Player 类的测试策略，该类包含 Player 的详细信息。对于测试策略，您只需提供构造函数、toString/display 方法以及一个 get 和一个 set 方法的测试详细信息。此外，对于非默认（参数化）构造函数以及 get 和 set 方法，只需要一个 positive 和一个 negative test 。
10% - Class diagram, Java code quality and object-oriented design quality. This will be assessed on code quality (e.g., compliance with coding standards, including JavaDoc) appropriate design and implementation of classes, fields, constructors, methods, and validation of the object’s state.
10% - 类图、Java 代码质量和面向对象的设计质量。这将根据代码质量（例如，是否符合编码标准，包括 JavaDoc）、类、字段、构造函数、方法的适当设计和实现以及对象状态的验证进行评估。
10% - Program functionality in accordance to the requirements.
10% - 根据要求对功能进行编程。
60% - Oral assessment. 60% - 口头评估。

Note that it is not a requirement that you use polymorphism and inheritance concepts in this assignment, but incorporating these concepts will enhance your chances of achieving a high distinction (HD) grade.
请注意，在本作业中，不要求你使用多态性和继承概念，但结合这些概念将增加你获得高分（HD）成绩的机会。

A reminder that you must use the workspace environment in the Ed platform (opposite this assignment specification) to code all parts of your program. You must not copy and paste large sections of code from other sources, and you must acknowledge any code in your assignment that has been taken from other sources.
提醒您必须使用 Ed 平台中的工作区环境（与此赋值规范相反）对程序的所有部分进行编码。不得从其他源复制和粘贴大段代码，并且必须确认作业中已从其他源获取的任何代码。

Marks will be deducted for untidy/incomplete submissions.
不完整/不完整的提交将被扣分。

You must submit your work by the submission deadline on the due date (a late penalty of 5% per day, inclusive of weekends, of the possible marks will apply). There will be no extensions - so start working on it early.
您必须在截止日期的提交截止日期之前提交您的作品（将收取每天 5% 的逾期罚款，包括周末，可能分数）。不会有扩展 - 所以尽早开始工作。

All submitted source code must compile. Any submission that does not compile, as submitted, will receive a grade of ‘N’.
所有提交的源代码都必须编译。任何未按提交内容编译的提交都将获得“N”级。

Oral assessment 口腔评估

As part of the assessment you will attend an interview following the submission date. At the interview, you will be asked questions about your code. You will asked to explain your code/design, modify your code, and discuss your design decisions and alternatives. Marks will be awarded for your answers (the marker may also delete excessive in-code comments before you are asked to explain that code).
作为评估的一部分，您将在提交日期后参加面试。在面试时，系统会询问您有关代码的问题。您将被要求解释您的代码/设计，修改您的代码，并讨论您的设计决策和替代方案。您的回答将获得分数（标记还可能会在要求您解释该代码之前删除过多的代码内注释）。

In other words, you will be assessed on your understanding of the code, and not on the actual code itself.
换句话说，您将根据您对代码的理解进行评估，而不是根据实际代码本身。

Interview times will be arranged in the applied classes in Week 12 and will take place on campus during the following week.
面试时间将在第 12 周的申请班级中安排，并将在下周在校园内进行。

It is your responsibility to make yourself available for an interview time. Any student who does not attend an interview will not receive a pass grade for the assignment.
您有责任安排面试时间。任何不参加面试的学生都不会获得作业的及格分数。

Submission Requirements 提交要求

The assignment must be submitted by 11:55pm Friday of Week 12 (Friday 18 October).
作业必须在第 12 周的星期五（10 月 18 日星期五）晚上 11：55 之前提交。

The submission requirements for Assignment B are as follows:
作业 B 的提交要求如下：

The main class in your program MUST be called AFLGame.java and it should contain the main() method to start the program.
程序中的 main 类必须AFLGame.java调用，并且它应该包含用于启动程序的 main（） 方法。
Class diagram submitted as a pdf file.
以 pdf 文件形式提交的类图。
Test strategy for Player class submitted as a pdf file.
以 pdf 文件形式提交的 Player 类的测试策略。
Submit all your work (coding, class diagram and test strategy) via the Ed platform.
通过 Ed 平台提交您的所有作业（编码、类图和测试策略）。
Re-submissions are allowed (and encouraged) before the submission deadline. Please ensure however that you do not click on the submit button after the due date. Your final submission will be used for grading purposes, and any submission made after the deadline will incur a late penalty.
允许（并鼓励）在提交截止日期之前重新提交。但是，请确保您不要在截止日期后点击提交按钮。您的最终提交将用于评分目的，在截止日期之后提交的任何提交都将产生逾期罚款。
A signed Assignment Cover Sheet. [Note: You are required to download the Assignment Coversheet, sign the document and upload the pdf file in the Ed platform (you may drag and drop to the Toggle Pane)]
已签名的作业封面。[注意：您需要下载作业封面，在文件上签名并在 Ed 平台上上传 pdf 文件（您可以拖放到切换面板）]

Marks will be deducted for any of these requirements that are not complied with.
对于任何不符合这些要求，将被扣分。

Warning: there will be no extensions to the due date. Any late submission will incur a 5% per day penalty. It is strongly suggested that you submit the assignment well before the deadline, in case there are some unexpected complications on the day (e.g. interruptions to your home internet connection).
警告：截止日期不会延长。任何逾期提交将产生每天 5% 的罚款。强烈建议您在截止日期之前尽早提交作业，以防当天出现一些意外并发症（例如，您的家庭互联网连接中断）。

Plagiarism and collusion 剽窃和串通

Plagiarism and collusion are viewed as serious offences. All submitted code will be subjected to a similarity checker, and any submissions determined to be similar to a submission from a current or past student will be investigated further. The outcome of the decision pertaining to plagiarism and/or collusion will be determined by the faculty administration. If it is determined that plagiarism or collusion has occurred then you may be severely penalised, from losing all marks for the assignment, to facing disciplinary action at the Faculty level. To ensure compliance with this requirement, be sure to do all your coding in the Ed workspace environment and do not copy and paste any code into the workspace environment.
剽窃和串通被视为严重罪行。所有提交的代码都将接受相似性检查程序的约束，任何被确定为与当前或过去学生提交的提交相似的提交都将接受进一步调查。有关剽窃和/或串通的决定结果将由学院行政部门决定。如果确定发生了抄袭或串通，那么您可能会受到严重处罚，从失去作业的所有分数到面临学院级别的纪律处分。为确保符合此要求，请务必在 Ed 工作区环境中进行所有编码，并且不要将任何代码复制并粘贴到工作区环境中。

In cases where cheating has been confirmed, students have been severely penalised, from losing all marks for an assignment, to facing disciplinary action at the Faculty level. Monash has several policies in relation to these offences and it is your responsibility to acquaint yourself with these.
在确认作弊的情况下，学生会受到严厉的处罚，从失去作业的所有分数到面临学院级别的纪律处分。莫纳什（Monash）有几项与这些罪行相关的政策，您有责任熟悉这些政策。

Student Academic Integrity Procedure (https://www.monash.edu/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/2300935/Student-Academic-Integrity-Procedure.pdf))
学生学术诚信程序（https://www.monash.edu/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/2300935/Student-Academic-Integrity-Procedure.pdf））

描述

AFLGame.java

teamA.txt
团队 A.txt

teamB.txt
团队 B.txt

teamA.txt

AFLGame.java

teamB.txt

/home/AFLGame.java /主页/AFLGame.java

Workspace 工作