What is Montessori? 7 Principles of the Montessori Method
什么是蒙台梭利？蒙台梭利方法的 7 条原则

The principles of Montessori education
蒙台梭利教育的原则

Let’s take a look at the 7 most important principles of Montessori education. These principles can be used both at Montessori schools and at home, by Montessori parents.
让我们来看看蒙台梭利教育最重要的 7 条原则。这些原则既可以在蒙台梭利学校使用，也可以在蒙台梭利家长的家中使用。

1. Play is work 1. 玩乐就是工作

We should take the play very seriously as it is the way the child expresses himself.
我们应该非常认真地对待游戏，因为它是孩子表达自己的方式。

Maria Montessori believed that playing is the ultimate way of learning and that children have a natural desire for knowledge that should be supported through the right tools.
玛丽亚·蒙台梭利 （Maria Montessori） 认为，玩耍是终极的学习方式，孩子们对知识有一种天生的渴望，应该通过正确的工具来支持这种渴望。

“Play is the work of the child.”
“玩耍是孩子的工作。”

– Maria Montessori – 玛丽亚·蒙台梭利

2. Prepared environment 2. 准备好的环境

The prepared environment is an essential part of the Montessori method. It should be an environment of beauty, where children can move freely and act independently.
准备好的环境是蒙台梭利方法的重要组成部分。它应该是一个美丽的环境，孩子们可以自由活动并独立行动。

The Montessori environment should also be structured and have the order. It may seem counter-intuitive to the “freedom of movement” but the truth is – toddlers love order and routine. It helps them to navigate the world they live in.
蒙台梭利环境也应该是结构化的并有顺序的。这似乎与“行动自由”相悖，但事实是——蹒跚学步的孩子喜欢秩序和例行公事。它帮助他们驾驭他们生活的世界。

If you want to know more, read how to create a Montessori playroom at home.
如果您想了解更多信息，请阅读 如何在家创建蒙台梭利游戏室.

3. Independence 3. 独立性

Montessori education leads to independence. It encourages exploration and teaches toddlers to take responsibility for themselves, their belongings, and the environment. The Montessori schedule often includes practical activities like sweeping or personal care.
蒙台梭利教育导致独立。它鼓励探索并教导幼儿对自己、他们的财物和环境负责。蒙台梭利时间表通常包括扫地或个人护理等实践活动。

The golden rule of the Montessori approach is:
蒙台梭利方法的黄金法则是：

“Never help a child with a task at which he feels he can succeed.”
“永远不要帮助孩子完成他认为自己可以成功的任务。”

– Maria Montessori – 玛丽亚·蒙台梭利

4. Hands-on learning 4. 动手学习

Children learn through experience. From birth to the age of 6, the child is able to learn new things effortlessly and unconsciously, just by being in the right environment and having the opportunities to explore.
孩子们通过经验来学习。从出生到 6 岁，孩子能够毫不费力地、无意识地学习新事物，只需在合适的环境中并有机会探索即可。

Maria Montessori called this concept the absorbent mind. It means the child is able to “absorb” new information like a sponge.
玛丽亚·蒙台梭利 （Maria Montessori） 将这个概念称为吸收性思维。这意味着孩子能够像海绵一样 “吸收” 新信息。

“The most important period of life is not the age of university studies, but the first one, the period from birth to age six. For that is the time when man’s intelligence itself is being formed.”
“人生中最重要的时期不是大学学习的年龄，而是第一个时期，从出生到六岁。因为那是人类的智慧本身形成的时候。

– Maria Montessori – 玛丽亚·蒙台梭利

5. Observation 5. 观察

Raising children in the Montessori philosophy means observing them carefully and noticing what they are interested in.
在蒙台梭利哲学中抚养孩子意味着仔细观察他们并注意他们对什么感兴趣。

There are certain periods – called sensitive periods – when the child is very interested in one kind of activity. It can be climbing, transporting things, focus on small details or language.
在某些时期 - 称为敏感期 - 当孩子对一种活动非常感兴趣时。它可以是攀爬、运输物品、关注小细节或语言。

By observing the children, we can provide appropriate activities and create an environment that will support the development of the skill they are currently focused on.
通过观察孩子们，我们可以提供适当的活动，并创造一个支持他们目前关注的技能发展的环境。

6. Freedom within limits 6. 限度内的自由

Freedom doesn’t mean children can do whatever they want. It means we give them the opportunity to choose freely from the options we approved and that are good for them – whether it’s the activity they want to engage in or the dress they want to wear.
自由并不意味着孩子们可以为所欲为。这意味着我们让他们有机会从我们批准的、对他们有利的选项中自由选择——无论是他们想参加的活动还是他们想穿的衣服。

Montessori teachers and parents are guides (or, as Maria Montessori used to say, gardeners). We can provide the right conditions and point in the right direction, but we show respect to the way our children decide to go.
蒙台梭利老师和家长是向导（或者，正如 Maria Montessori 过去所说的，园丁）。我们可以提供正确的条件并指明正确的方向，但我们尊重我们的孩子决定走的路。

Which brings us to the last principle…
这就引出了最后一个原则......

7. Respect 7. 尊重

The Montessori method is about mutual respect between the child and the parent.
蒙台梭利方法是关于孩子和父母之间的相互尊重。

It also means that we understand that each child is a unique individual with his or her own needs, capabilities, and way of learning.
这也意味着我们明白每个孩子都是独一无二的个体，有他或她自己的需求、能力和学习方式。