这是用户在 2024-7-20 22:35 为 https://app.immersivetranslate.com/pdf-pro/66cbccd9-8df8-4795-be7c-f884335e70b5 保存的双语快照页面，由 沉浸式翻译 提供双语支持。了解如何保存？
2024_07_20_0e207bef41355ccb2d32g
Section 1, Module 1: Reading and Writing
第 1 部分，模块 1：阅读和写作
Directions  方向
Portable video game consoles and wireless speakers tend to contain batteries that can't be easily . Environmental policy researcher Jean-Pierre Schweitzer warns that because new batteries can't be put in once the old ones no longer work, the gadgets stop functioning and are usually disposed of as trash.
便携式视频游戏机和无线扬声器往往包含不容易 的电池。环境政策研究员让-皮埃尔·施韦策（Jean-Pierre Schweitzer）警告说，由于一旦旧电池不再工作，新电池就无法装入，因此这些小工具将停止运行，通常会被作为垃圾处理。
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
哪个选项以最合乎逻辑和最精确的单词或短语完成文本？
(A) invented （一）发明
(B) prevented （二）防止
(c) rated （c） 额定
(D) replaced （四）更换
Directions
方向
a
Hide 隐藏
Annotate Mo 注释莫
The following text is adapted from Kenneth Grahame's 1908 novel The Wind in the Willows. The Mole is dazed after briefly meeting a stranger while traveling with a friend.
以下文字改编自肯尼斯·格雷厄姆 1908 年的小说《柳林风声》。鼹鼠在与朋友旅行时短暂遇到陌生人后感到茫然。
[The] Mole stood still a moment, held in thought. As one wakened suddenly from a beautiful dream, who struggles to recall it, and can re-capture nothing but a dim sense of the beauty of it, the beauty! Till that, too, fades away in its turn
〔这〕鼹鼠静静地站了一会儿，陷入了沉思。就像一个人突然从美丽的梦中醒来，谁在努力回忆它，只能重新捕捉到它的美丽，美的朦胧感觉！直到它也逐渐消失
Mark for Review
标记以供审核
As used in the text, what does the word "recall" most nearly mean?
正如经文中所用的，“召回”一词最接近的意思是什么？
(A) Overlook （A） 忽略
(B) Remember （B） 记住
(c) Deny （c） 拒绝
D Begin D 开始
There is no doubt that Irving Langmuir must have proved himself to be extraordinarily understanding some of the most advanced concepts in the field of chemistry - in 1932 his remarkable talent and hard work was recognized when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry." Mark for Review
毫无疑问，欧文·朗缪尔（Irving Langmuir）一定已经证明了自己对化学领域一些最先进的概念有着非凡的理解——1932年，他非凡的才华和辛勤工作得到了认可，当时他被授予诺贝尔化学奖，以表彰他“在表面化学方面的发现和研究”。 标记以供审核
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
哪个选项以最合乎逻辑和最精确的单词或短语完成文本？
(A) modest about （一）谦虚
(B) dispassionate in （二）冷静
(C) adept at （C） 擅长
(D) lighthearted about （四）轻松愉快
Economists have long observed that firms in related industries tend to cluster in the same area, as is the case in Leeds, UK, where many thread and yarn spinning firms as well as textile weaving firms are located. The factors causing such clustering are ___ : what drives firms in certain industries to cluster may not be especially relevant among other industries.
经济学家长期以来一直观察到，相关行业的公司往往聚集在同一地区，就像英国利兹的情况一样，那里有许多线纺纱公司以及纺织公司。导致这种聚集的因素是___：驱使某些行业的企业聚集的原因可能与其他行业并不特别相关。
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
哪个选项以最合乎逻辑和最精确的单词或短语完成文本？
(A) unknown （一）未知
(B) impressive （B） 令人印象深刻
(C) focused （三）重点

(D （D

variable 变量
The following text is adapted from Adib Khorram's 2018 novel Darius the Great Is Not Okay. Darius, a teenager from the United States, is visiting his grandparents, Babou and Mamou, in Iran. They are preparing for a holiday celebration
以下文字改编自 Adib Khorram 2018 年的小说《大流士大帝不行》。来自美国的少年大流士（Darius）正在伊朗探望他的祖父母巴布（Babou）和马穆（Mamou）。他们正在为节日庆祝活动做准备
I felt like a tourist.
我感觉自己像个游客。
But Babou fussed with my cap a little more, even though Mamou had already gotten it settled. He looked me in the eye from time to time, like he was looking for something, and thought maybe-just maybe-I had it in me after all.
但是巴布对我的帽子又大惊小怪了一点，尽管马穆已经解决了。他时不时地看着我的眼睛，好像在寻找什么，心想也许——只是也许——我毕竟有它。
Babou hummed to himself as he smoothed out my shoulder seams and rested his hands on them.
巴布一边哼着歌，一边抚平我的肩缝，把手放在上面。
"I am glad you are here to see this, Darioush-jan."
“我很高兴你在这里看到这个，Darioush-jan。”
Maybe I wasn't such a tourist.
也许我不是这样的游客。
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
哪个选择最能说明经文的主要目的？
(A) To demonstrate that Babou and Darius aren't very interested in going to new places
（A） 证明巴布和大流士对去新地方不是很感兴趣
(B) To emphasize that Darius has been looking forward to an event
（B） 强调大流士一直期待着一个事件
(C) To suggest that Babou is planning to visit Darius in the United States soon
（C） 暗示巴布计划不久去美国拜访大流士
(D) To show that Babou affects the way Darius thinks of himself
（D） 表明巴布影响了大流士对自己的看法

(

The food industry has long used thermal technologies to preserve food in large batches. Recent advancements in infrared heating were made through research in Mexico on the preservation of bean flour. Infrared heating is generally considered to be an improvement over more conventional thermal preservation methods: whereas conventional methods transfer energy from the surface of a food to its interior, infrared heating uses high-intensity infrared light to generate heat within the food itself, thus reducing industrial cooking times
长期以来，食品工业一直使用热技术来大批量保存食品。红外加热的最新进展是通过墨西哥对豆粉保存的研究而取得的。红外加热通常被认为是对更传统的保温方法的改进：传统方法将能量从食物表面传递到其内部，而红外线加热使用高强度红外光在食物内部产生热量，从而减少工业烹饪时间
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
哪个选项最能描述整个文本中带下划线的部分的功能？
(A) It emphasizes the simplicity of infrared heating technologies.
（A） 强调红外线加热技术的简单性。
(B) It explains why conventional heating methods are popular in commercial applications and proposes a shift away from these methods.
（B） 它解释了为什么传统的加热方法在商业应用中很受欢迎，并建议从这些方法中转移出来。
(C) It suggests that there are possible flaws in infrared heating technologies that have not yet been well researched.
（C） 这表明红外加热技术可能存在尚未得到充分研究的缺陷。
(D) It identifies an advantage that infrared heating has over conventional thermal preservation methods.
（D） 它确定了红外加热相对于传统保温方法的优势。
In a large community science effort, biologist Abbigail Merrill and colleagues collaborated with hundreds of students and other amateur science enthusiasts
在一项大型社区科学研究中，生物学家阿比盖尔·梅里尔（Abbigail Merrill）及其同事与数百名学生和其他业余科学爱好者合作
Which choice best states the main idea of the text? butterfly behavior. They found that butterfly color might influence behavior more than butterfly size does, and that butterflies were observed to feed more
哪个选择最能说明文本的主要思想？蝴蝶行为。他们发现蝴蝶的颜色可能比蝴蝶的大小更能影响行为，并且观察到蝴蝶会进食更多
(A) Time of day and butterfly color seem to have less influence on butterfly behavior than the location where the butterflies are studied does.
（A）一天中的时间和蝴蝶颜色对蝴蝶行为的影响似乎小于研究蝴蝶的位置。
(B) A recent study suggested that butterflies' coloring seems to be less relevant to their behavior than time of day
（B）最近的一项研究表明，蝴蝶的颜色似乎与它们的行为关系不大，而是与一天中的时间无关
(C) Collaboration between professional scientists and members of the public is especially useful when studying the behavior of butterflies and other flying insects.
（C） 在研究蝴蝶和其他飞虫的行为时，专业科学家和公众之间的合作特别有用。
(D) A large study suggested that butterfly color and time of day might influence the behavior of certain butterflies.
（D） 一项大型研究表明，蝴蝶的颜色和一天中的时间可能会影响某些蝴蝶的行为。
President Richard Nixon is most famous for his participation in the 1970s Watergate political scandal, a convoluted tale of criminality and eroded ethics involving a constellation of associates such as political operative Jeb Stuart Magruder and Nixon's secretary Rose Mary Woods. But Nixon's legacy is complex: he has been praised for his role in affirming the sovereignty of tribal nations, and he once made an attempt at reforming United States health care policy that is arguably a precursor to the Affordable Care Act, which became law during the Barack Obama administration.
理查德·尼克松总统最出名的是他参与了 1970 年代的水门事件政治丑闻，这是一个错综复杂的犯罪和道德被侵蚀的故事，涉及政治特工杰布·斯图尔特·马格鲁德和尼克松的秘书罗斯·玛丽·伍兹等一系列同事。但尼克松的遗产是复杂的：他因在确认部落国家主权方面的作用而受到称赞，他曾经试图改革美国的医疗保健政策，这可以说是“平价医疗法案”的前身，该法案在奧巴馬政府期间成为法律。
Mark for Review
标记以供审核
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
哪个选择最能说明文本的主要思想？
(A) Richard Nixon's reputation is primarily due to the actions of his associates.
（A）理查德·尼克松（Richard Nixon）的声誉主要归功于他的同伙的行为。
B Some of Richard Nixon's policies influenced the policies of later presidential administrations.
B 理查德·尼克松（Richard Nixon）的一些政策影响了后来的总统政府的政策。
(C) Jeb Stuart Magruder and Rose Mary Woods were significant figures in the presidency of Richard Nixon.
（C） 杰布·斯图尔特·马格鲁德和罗斯·玛丽·伍兹是理查德·尼克松总统任期内的重要人物。
(D) Richard Nixon is commonly linked with an infamous historical event, but this overshadows some of his notable achievements.
理查德·尼克松通常与一个臭名昭著的历史事件联系在一起，但这掩盖了他的一些显着成就。
Argentina, Brazil, and the United States are among the world's leading producers of maize (corn), and each country exports a certain percentage of maize each marketing year, which runs from March to February in Argentina and Brazil and from September to August in the United States. A student is researching those percentages and finds that for the marketing year 2012/2013, the percentage of maize exported by
阿根廷、巴西和美国是世界领先的玉米生产国之一，每个国家每个销售年度都出口一定比例的玉米，阿根廷和巴西为3月至2月，美国为9月至8月。一名学生正在研究这些百分比，发现在2012/2013销售年度，玉米 出口的百分比
A student is writing a research paper on the history of irrigation in the United States, situating the development of Hume Lake (created in Fresno County, California, in 1908) in a larger historical context. The student claims that California's climate renders irrigation an essential component of agriculture in some parts of the state but not in others.
一名学生正在撰写一篇关于美国灌溉历史的研究论文，将休谟湖（1908年在加利福尼亚州弗雷斯诺县创建）的发展置于更大的历史背景下。这名学生声称，加州的气候使灌溉成为该州某些地区农业的重要组成部分，但在其他地区则不然。
Which quotation from a study of California agriculture best supports the student's claim?
加州农业研究中的哪句话最能支持学生的说法？
(A) "The usefulness of irrigation infrastructure in California today cannot be overstated, since it is the most common means of conveying water for agricultural purposes."
（A） “今天加州灌溉基础设施的有用性怎么强调都不为过，因为它是为农业目的输送水的最常见方式。
(B) "Natural humidity, which renders irrigation unnecessary or reduces its importance in the northern reaches of California, gradually decreases toward the sun-scorched but nonetheless fertile valleys of the southern part of the state."
（B） “自然湿度使得灌溉变得不必要或降低了其重要性，在加利福尼亚州北部地区逐渐减少，向该州南部阳光炙烤但仍然肥沃的山谷下降。
(C) "Sprinkler irrigation systems are a contemporary way of irrigating that requires machinery to spray water in all directions. These are currently used throughout the United States and are especially prevalent in California."
（C） “喷灌系统是一种现代灌溉方式，需要机械向各个方向喷水。这些目前在美国各地使用，在加利福尼亚州尤为普遍。
(D) "The irrigation system developed by the Hohokam people in the 7th century CE in what is now Arizona was simple, but this system applied hydraulic engineering design features that are in use today throughout California."
（D）“公元7世纪霍霍卡姆人在现在的亚利桑那州开发的灌溉系统很简单，但该系统应用了今天在整个加利福尼亚使用的水利工程设计特征。 
Orientation of Leaf Pairs in Grapevines

![](https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_07_20_0e207bef41355ccb2d32g-04.jpg?height=443&width=602&top_left_y=1209&top_left_x=202)
Orientation of leaves in pa
\square frost grape
\square July grape
maple-leaf grape
Auxins are a class of hormones that influence plant growth, including leaf orientation (the tendency of leaves to be larger on one side of their long central axis than the other). University of California, Berkeley biologist Ciera Martinez and colleagues noted that in certain plants in which leaves grow in pairs, auxins will typically be concentrated in opposite sides of each leaf in
生长素是一类影响植物生长的激素，包括叶子取向（叶子长中轴一侧比另一侧大的趋势）。加州大学伯克利分校的生物学家Ciera Martinez及其同事指出，在某些叶子成对生长的植物中，生长素通常会集中在每片叶子的相对两侧。
Mark for Review
标记以供审核
Which choice best describes data from the graph that support Martinez and colleagues' hypothesis?
哪个选项最能描述支持马丁内斯及其同事假设的图表中的数据？
(A) In the maple-leaf grape, frost grape, and July grape, all the leaf pairs show opposite-side orientation.
（A）在枫叶葡萄、霜葡萄和七月葡萄中，所有叶对都呈现相反的侧向。
(B) Although the number of leaf pairs showing same-side orientation is fairly high in the July grape, it is much lower in both the maple-leaf grape and frost grape.
（B）虽然7月葡萄呈现同侧方向的叶对数量相当多，但枫叶葡萄和霜葡萄的叶对数量要少得多。
(C) Although the exact ratio varies by species, the maple-leaf grape, frost grape, and July grape all show more leaf pairs with opposite-side orientations than with same-side orientations.
（C）虽然具体比例因品种而异，但枫叶葡萄、霜葡萄和七月葡萄的叶对对都比同侧的叶对多。
(D) The number of leaf pairs showing opposite-side orientation is fairly high in the maple-leaf grape, but not as high as it is in the July grape. the pair (e.g., on the left side of one leaf in the pair and the right side of the other). Accordingly, they hypothesized that paired leaves should tend to show opposite-side orientation, and they tested their hypothesis by examining paired leaves from several species of grapevines.
（D）枫叶葡萄的叶对数相当高，但不如七月葡萄高。对（例如，在一对叶子的左侧和另一对叶子的右侧）。因此，他们假设成对的叶子应该倾向于表现出相反的方向，他们通过检查几种葡萄藤的成对叶子来检验他们的假设。
Studies of the Effects of Tilling vs. No Tilling on Crop Yields
耕作与不耕作对作物产量影响的研究
Authors 作者 Crop 作物

耕作作物产量（公斤/公顷）
Crop yield with
tilling (kilograms
per hectare)

免耕作物产量（千克/公顷）
Crop yield with no
tilling (kilograms per
hectare)

Danijel Jug及其同事
Danijel Jug and
colleagues
 冬小麦
winter
wheat
4,860 3,910

卡洛斯·坎特罗-马丁内斯及其同事
Carlos Cantero-
Martinez and
colleagues
 冬大麦
winter
barley
2,693 3,136

R.K. Jat及其同事
R.K. Jat and
colleagues
maize 玉米 3,285

Gevan Behnke及其同事
Gevan Behnke
and colleagues
soybeans 大豆
Danijel Jug and colleagues found that tilling-the practice of turning soil with hoes, plows, or other machines before planting crops-was associated with an increased yield of winter wheat. But some studies of other crops have found the opposite effect, raising the question of whether the increase in yield found by Jug and colleagues is specific to their study crop. However, this doesn't seem to be the case:
Danijel Jug及其同事发现，耕作（在种植农作物之前用锄头，犁或其他机器翻土的做法）与冬小麦产量的增加有关。但对其他作物的一些研究发现了相反的效果，提出了一个问题，即Jug及其同事发现的产量增加是否特定于他们的研究作物。然而，情况似乎并非如此：
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the assertion?
哪个选项最有效地使用表中的数据来完成断言？
(A) crop yields with tilling have ranged from 2,693 kilograms per hectare for winter barley to 4,860 kilograms per hectare for winter wheat.
（A） 耕作作物产量从冬大麦每公顷2,693公斤到冬小麦每公顷4,860公斤不等。
(B) Gevan Behnke and colleagues found a similar association in a study using soybeans.
（B）Gevan Behnke及其同事在一项使用大豆的研究中发现了类似的关联。
(C) a study using winter wheat yielded 4,860 kilograms per hectare with tilling and only 3,910 kilograms per hectare without tilling.
（C）一项使用冬小麦的研究显示，耕作后每公顷产量为4,860公斤，不耕作时每公顷产量仅为3,910公斤。
(D) R.K. Jat and colleagues reported an even larger positive effect of tilling on the yield of maize.
（D） R.K. Jat及其同事报告说，耕作对玉米产量的积极影响更大。
J.G. Ballard's 1984 novel Empire of the Sun contains elements drawn from Ballard's own life-there are many parallels between the experiences of the novel's protagonist, Jim Graham, and those of Ballard-and as a result Empire of the Sun is regularly described as an autobiographical novel. This characterization can be useful, but it also presents drawbacks in terms of how the work is perceived, as it may lead readers to believe that Ballard merely fictionalized true events, which, in an artistic field where creativity and inventiveness are prized, can suggest that
J.G.巴拉德1984年的小说《太阳帝国》包含了巴拉德自己生活的元素——小说主人公吉姆·格雷厄姆（Jim Graham）的经历与巴拉德的经历有许多相似之处——因此，《太阳帝国》经常被描述为一部自传体小说。这种描述可能是有用的，但它在如何看待作品方面也存在缺陷，因为它可能会使读者相信巴拉德只是虚构了真实事件，在一个重视创造力和创造力的艺术领域，这可以表明
All stainless steel contains varying amounts of iron, carbon, and corrosioninhibiting chromium. However, ferritic stainless steel, often used for induction cookers, contains a higher percentage of chromium (at least ) than does austenitic stainless steel and a higher concentration of iron, which is responsible for its magnetic properties. Unlike ferritic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel has a face-centered cubic crystalline structure resulting from the addition of nickel to the alloy. Austenitic stainless steel has two subtypes: the 300 series, often used for aerospace tubing, and the 200 series, which has less nickel and more manganese than the 300 series and is used for dishwashers. Thus, stainless steel used to manufacture原
所有不锈钢都含有不同量的铁、碳和防腐铬。然而，通常用于电磁炉的铁素体不锈钢含有比奥氏体不锈钢更高百分比的铬（至少 ）和更高浓度的铁，这是其磁性的原因。与铁素体不锈钢不同，奥氏体不锈钢具有面心立方晶体结构，这是由于在合金中添加了镍而产生的。奥氏体不锈钢有两种亚型：300 系列，通常用于航空航天管材，以及 200 系列，其镍含量比 300 系列少，锰多，用于洗碗机。因此，不锈钢用于制造
Mark for Review
标记以供审核
Which choice most logically completes the text?
哪个选项最合乎逻辑地完成文本？
(A) Ballard should not have claimed that Empire of the Sun is based on real events.
（A）巴拉德不应该声称《太阳帝国》是根据真实事件改编的。
(B) the real-world counterparts of other characters in Empire of the Sun are hard to identify.
（B）《太阳帝国》中其他角色的真实对应物很难识别。
(C) Empire of the Sun is less of an imaginative achievement than it actually is.
（C）《太阳帝国》与其说是一个富有想象力的成就，不如说是它的实际成就。
(D) critics disagree about whether Empire of the Sun shows greater originality than works without autobiographical elements.㔯
（D）评论家对《太阳帝国》是否比没有自传元素的作品表现出更大的原创性存在分歧。
Which choice most logically completes the text?
哪个选项最合乎逻辑地完成文本？
(A) aerospace tubing will have similar magnetic properties to stainless steel used to manufacture induction cookers.
（A）航空航天管将具有与用于制造电磁炉的不锈钢相似的磁性。
(B) both aerospace tubing and dishwashers will have a face-centered cubic crystalline structure, but stainless steel used to manufacture aerospace tubing will have less nickel than stainless steel used to manufacture dishwashers will.
（B）航空航天管材和洗碗机都将具有面心立方晶体结构，但用于制造航空航天管材的不锈钢将比用于制造洗碗机的不锈钢含有更少的镍。
(C) aerospace tubing will have a concentration of manganese greater than , while stainless steel used to manufacture dishwashers will not.
（三）航天管材的锰浓度会大于 ，而用于制造洗碗机的不锈钢则不会。
(D) aerospace tubing will have less manganese in its composition than stainless steel used to manufacture dishwashers will.
（D）航空航天管材的锰含量将低于用于制造洗碗机的不锈钢。
In her large-scale sculpture Casa-Isla, artist Edra Soto included references to her childhood in Puerto Rico. For example, the sculpture's steel panels have a crisscrossing pattern inspired by the iron gates
在她的大型雕塑《Casa-Isla》中，艺术家埃德拉·索托（Edra Soto）提到了她在波多黎各的童年。例如，雕塑的钢板具有纵横交错的图案，灵感来自铁门
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
哪种选择可以完成文本以使其符合标准英语的惯例？
(A) Soto would see in her neighborhood?
（A）索托会在她的邻居那里看到吗？
(B) would Soto see in her neighborhood? fing
（乙）索托会在她的邻居那里看到吗？芬
(C) would Soto see in her neighborhood.
（C）索托会在她的邻居那里看到吗？
(D) Soto would see in her neighborhood.
（D）索托会在她的邻居那里看到。
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
哪种选择可以完成文本以使其符合标准英语的惯例？
(A) stratigraphy-the （一）地层学-地层学
(B) stratigraphy, the （二）地层学、
(c) stratigraphy: the can establish the age of that fossil with a high degree of precision. When
（c） 地层学：可以高度精确地确定该化石的年龄。什么时候

(D) stratigraphy the radioactive elements aren't present, scientists turn to ___ analysis of Earth's sediment layers (strata)-to estimate how old a fossil is based on the age of the strata in which the fossil is found
（D）地层学 放射性元素不存在，科学家转向对地球沉积层（地层）的___分析——根据发现化石的地层年龄来估计化石的年龄

Mark for Review
标记以供审核
浣
Anthony van Dyck, a Flemish mannerist painter whose works are distinctive for their precise yet exaggerated details, frequently included in the seventeenth-century art movement the Antwerp School, whose members were known for depicting rural life in the Low Countries. Mark for Review
安东尼·范·戴克（Anthony van Dyck）是一位佛兰德风格主义画家，其作品以其精确而夸张的细节而著称，经常被纳入17世纪的艺术运动安特卫普画派，其成员以描绘低地国家的乡村生活而闻名。 标记以供审核
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
哪种选择可以完成文本以使其符合标准英语的惯例？
(A) have been （一）已
(B) are （二）是
(c) were （c） 是
(D) is （四）是
Recognized as a National Heritage Area by the United States Congress in 1996, the Rivers of Steel National Heritage Area a region of Pennsylvania that has long been known for its unique natural, cultural, and historical attributes.
1996 年被美国国会认定为国家遗产区，钢铁之河国家遗产区是宾夕法尼亚州的一个地区，长期以来一直以其独特的自然、文化和历史属性而闻名。
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
哪种选择可以完成文本以使其符合标准英语的惯例？
(A) was （一）是
(B) will have been
（二）将
(c) had been （c） 已
(D) is （四）是
Mark for Review
标记以供审核
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
哪种选择可以完成文本以使其符合标准英语的惯例？
(A) combines （一）组合
(B) combine （二）结合
(C) combining （三）结合
(D) is combining （四）结合
In his essay “Of Smells," French philosopher Michel de Montaigne explores a relatively light subject, but he addresses heavier fare in "Of the Punishment of Cowardice." Regardless of subject matter, Montaigne works to question his own perspective throughout his essays. his personal motto was "What do I know?"同
法国哲学家米歇尔·德·蒙田（Michel de Montaigne）在他的散文《气味》中探讨了一个相对轻松的主题，但他在《怯懦的惩罚》中谈到了更沉重的问题。无论主题如何，蒙田都在努力质疑自己的观点。他的个人座右铭是“我知道什么？同
Mark for Review
标记以供审核
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
哪个选项以最合乎逻辑的过渡完成文本？

(A) Nowadays, （甲）现今，

(B) Still, （B） 尽管如此，
(C) Conversely, （c） 反之，
(D) Fittingly, （d） 适当地，
The World Cup of men's soccer, one of the biggest sporting events on the planet, brought 32 national teams from six continents to the host country, Brazil, in 2014. The event, which is held every four years, has expanded greatly since it was played in Italy in 1934 . the World Cup included only 16 teams, most from Europe and the Americas.
2014年，男子足球世界杯是全球最大的体育赛事之一，来自六大洲的32支国家队来到东道主巴西。这项赛事每四年举行一次，自 1934 年在意大利举行以来，规模已大大扩大。 世界杯只有16支球队，其中大部分来自欧洲和美洲。
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
哪个选项以最合乎逻辑的过渡完成文本？
(A) On the other hand,
(B) Similarly, （b） 同样，
(c) Then, （c） 然后，
(D) As a result, （D） 因此，
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
在研究一个主题时，学生做了以下笔记：
  • In 1897, twenty Black US Army infantrymen rode bicycles from Montana to Missouri.
    1897 年，20 名美国陆军黑人步兵骑自行车从蒙大拿州到密苏里州。
  • The 1,900-mile journey took forty-one days.
    1,900英里的旅程花了41天。
  • The goal was to test the idea of forming a military bicycle corps.
    目标是测试组建军用自行车队的想法。
  • In 2022, Erick Cedeño, a Black long-distance cyclist, reenacted the journey.
    2022 年，黑人长距离自行车手埃里克·塞德尼奥 （Erick Cedeño） 重演了这段旅程。
  • Cedeño wanted to honor the infantrymen on the journey's 125th anniversary.
    塞德尼奥想在旅程的 125 周年纪念日向步兵致敬。
    While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes
    在研究一个主题时，学生做了以下笔记
  • Mary Kang is a Korean American portrait photographer.
    玛丽·康（Mary Kang）是一位韩裔美国肖像摄影师。
  • She is based in New York City and in Austin, Texas
    她常驻纽约市和德克萨斯州奥斯汀
  • One of Kang's photographs features artist Dominique Fung.
    Kang的其中一张照片以艺术家Dominique Fung为主角。
  • In the portrait, Fung is seated on the floor.
    在肖像中，冯坐在地板上。
  • Five of Fung's paintings are resting against the wall behind her Mark for Review
    冯氏的五幅画作靠在她 身后的墙上 标记评论
The student wants to emphasize how far the infantrymen traveled. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
学生想强调步兵走了多远。哪种选择最有效地利用笔记中的相关信息来实现此目标？
(A) The 125th anniversary of the infantrymen's journey was in 2022.
（A） 2022 年是步兵之旅的 125 周年纪念日。
(B) The US infantrymen rode their bicycles from Montana to Missouritraveling a total of 1,900 miles
（B）美国步兵从蒙大拿州骑自行车到密苏里州，总共行驶了1,900英里
(C) The goal of the 1897 journey was to test the idea of forming a military bicycle corps.
（C）1897年旅程的目标是测试组建军事自行车队的想法。
(D) Over a century later, Erick Cedeño honored the infantrymen by reenacting their 1897 journey.
（D）一个多世纪后，埃里克·塞德尼奥（Erick Cedeño）通过重演他们1897年的旅程来纪念步兵。
The student wants to describe where Fung is in the photograph to an audience already familiar with Kang and Fung. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
这名学生想向已经熟悉康和冯的观众描述冯在照片中的位置。哪种选择最有效地利用笔记中的相关信息来实现此目标？
(A) Dominique Fung is in a photograph by Mary Kang, a portrait photographer based in New York City and Austin, Texas.
（A） 多米尼克·冯（Dominique Fung）在纽约市和德克萨斯州奥斯汀的肖像摄影师玛丽·康（Mary Kang）的照片中。
(B) Mary Kang is a photographer based in both New York City and Austin, Texas.
（B） Mary Kang是纽约市和德克萨斯州奥斯汀的摄影师。
(c) In Kang's portrait of her, Fung is seated on the floor, with five of her paintings resting against the wall behind her.
（c） 在康的肖像中，冯坐在地板上，她的五幅画靠在她身后的墙上。
(D) Five paintings by artist Dominique Fung can be seen in the background of Mary Kang's photograph.
（D） 艺术家冯婷婷的五幅画作，在康瑪麗的照片背景中可见一番。
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
在研究一个主题时，学生做了以下笔记：
  • Somalia is a country in East Africa.
    索马里是东非的一个国家。
  • A high percentage of Somalia's population (46.4 percent) is under fifteen years old.
    索马里人口中有很大一部分（46.4%）年龄在15岁以下。
  • It has the sixth-largest under-fifteen population in the world.
    它拥有世界第六大十五岁以下人口。
  • Roughly 40 percent of Africa's population is under fifteen years old-the highest of any continent.
    非洲大约40%的人口年龄在15岁以下，是所有大陆中最高的。
  • According to the United Nations (UN), Africa's "high number of young people is an opportunity for the continent's growth-but only if these new generations are fully empowered to realise their best potential."
    根据联合国（UN）的说法，非洲“年轻人的数量众多是非洲大陆增长的机会，但前提是这些新一代充分有能力发挥他们的最大潜力。
The student wants to emphasize the global rank of Somalia's youth population. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
这名学生想强调索马里青年人口的全球排名。哪种选择最有效地利用笔记中的相关信息来实现此目标？
(A) Africa's high population of young people is due in part to the high percentage of young people in Somalia.
（A） 非洲青年人口众多，部分原因是索马里青年人口比例高。
(B) With 46.4 percent of its population under fifteen years of age, Somalia has the sixth-largest population for that age range in the world. fing
（B） 索马里有46.4%的人口年龄在15岁以下，是世界上该年龄段人口第六多的国家。芬
(c) Making up roughly 40 percent of the continent's total population, Africa's under-fifteen population offers "an opportunity for the continent's growth," according to the UN
（c） 据联合国称，非洲15岁以下的人口约占非洲大陆总人口的40%，为非洲大陆的增长提供了“机会”
(D) "Only if these new generations are fully empowered to realise their best potential," says the UN, will Africa's high percentage of young people lead to the continent's growth.
（D）联合国表示，“只有当这些新一代充分有能力发挥他们的最大潜力时，非洲年轻人的高比例才能促进非洲大陆的增长。

Mark for Review 标记以供审核

  • The Future of Nostalgia is a scholarly book by literary theorist Svetlana Boym
    《怀旧的未来》是文学理论家斯维特兰娜·博伊姆 （Svetlana Boym） 的一本学术著作
The student wants to explain what Svetlana Boym writes about in chapter 3 Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
学生想解释斯维特兰娜·博伊姆（Svetlana Boym）在第3章中写到的内容：哪种选择最有效地利用笔记中的相关信息来实现这一目标？
(A) After exploring nostalgia in the 1993 sci-fi action movie Jurassic Park, Svetlana Boym goes on to discuss the nostalgic home décor of Russian émigrés.
（A）在1993年的科幻动作片《侏罗纪公园》中探索了怀旧情绪之后，斯维特兰娜·博伊姆（Svetlana Boym）继续讨论了俄罗斯移民的怀旧家居装饰。
(B) Literary theorist Svetlana Boym explores nostalgia in the 1993 sci-fi action movie Jurassic Park in chapter 3 of her book.
（B）文学理论家斯维特兰娜·博伊姆（Svetlana Boym）在1993年的科幻动作片《侏罗纪公园》的第三章中探讨了怀旧情绪。
(C) As Svetlana Boym writes in the sixteenth chapter of her book, "Their rooms filled with diasporic souvenirs are not altars to their unhappiness, but rather places for communication."
（C）正如斯维特兰娜·博伊姆（Svetlana Boym）在她的书的第十六章中所写的那样，“他们的房间里摆满了侨民的纪念品，这不是他们不幸的祭坛，而是交流的地方。
(D) Svetlana Boym's The Future of Nostalgia explores the concept of nostalgia from various angles.
（D）斯维特兰娜·博伊姆（Svetlana Boym）的《怀旧的未来》（The Future of Nostalgia）从不同角度探讨了怀旧的概念。
The following text is from Charles Chesnutt's 1905 novel The Colonel's Dream. Mr. French and Mr. Kirby work together
以下文字来自查尔斯·切斯纳特 1905 年的小说《上校的梦》。弗兰奇先生和柯比先生一起工作
Mr. French, the senior partner, who sat opposite Kirby, was an older mana safe guess would have placed him somewhere in the debatable ground between forty and fifty; of a good height, as could be seen even from the seated figure, the upper part of which was held erect with the unconscious ease which one associates with military training.
坐在柯比对面的高级合伙人弗兰奇先生是一个年长的法力师，可以肯定的是，他会把他放在四十到五十岁之间有争议的地方;高度很好，甚至可以从坐着的人物身上看出，其上半部分以与军事训练相关的无意识轻松保持直立。
As used in the text, what does the word "placed" most nearly mean?
正如经文中所用的，“放置”一词最接近的意思是什么？
(A) Estimated （A） 估计数

(B) Modified （B） 修改

(C) Contracted （C） 签约
(D) Arranged （D） 安排
The results of randomized clinical trials testing the efficacy of common medical interventions sometimes fail to conclusions that practitioners reach based on their real-world observations of patients. While there are several possible reasons for this, one is that practitioners may overlook confounding variables that account for the results they attribute to the interventions in question.
测试常见医疗干预效果的随机临床试验的结果有时无法得出从业者根据他们对患者的真实世界观察得出的结论。虽然有几个可能的原因，但其中一个是从业者可能会忽略混杂变量，这些变量解释了他们归因于相关干预措施的结果。
Dervla Murphy, who cycled solo through Europe, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India, undoubtedly accomplished much, but her place in our historical memory is perhaps more ___ than that of a noteworthy "first" such as Ynes Mexia, who was the first to discover the botanical genus Mexianthus, a deed for
德芙拉·墨菲（Dervla Murphy）独自骑自行车穿越欧洲、伊朗、阿富汗、巴基斯坦和印度，无疑取得了很大的成就，但她在我们的历史记忆中的地位可能比像伊内斯·梅希亚（Ynes Mexia）这样值得注意的“第一人”更重要，她是第一个发现植物属Mexianthus的人，这是

Mark for Review
标记以供审核

which she will always be remembered.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
哪个选项以最合乎逻辑和最精确的单词或短语完成文本？

(A) implement （一）落实

(B) disseminate （二）传播
(c) circumvent （c） 规避
(D) corroborate
（四）确凿

Mark for Review
标记以供审核

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
哪个选项以最合乎逻辑和最精确的单词或短语完成文本？
(A) enduring （一）经久不衰
(B) uncertain （二）不确定
(C) deserving （三）应得的

(D) conspicuou （四）显眼

In the 2010s, the price of vintage My Little Pony figures rose dramatically, which had the counterintuitive effect of demand: buyers who hadn't previously wanted to purchase old toys suddenly thronged the market, believing prices
在 2010 年代，老式 My Little Pony 人偶的价格急剧上涨，这产生了需求的反直觉效应：以前不想购买旧玩具的买家突然涌入市场，相信价格
Mark for Review would continue to rise and the toys could be resold later at a profit.
“评论标记”将继续上升，这些玩具可以在以后转售以获取利润。
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
哪个选项以最合乎逻辑和最精确的单词或短语完成文本？

(A) exploiting （一）剥削

(B) stabilizing （二）稳定

(c) monetizing （c） 货币化
(D) precipitating （四）沉淀
In 2011 Brynn M. Devine and colleagues published a study concluding that ocean acidification has a strong effect on the behavior of Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus, a species of fish. However, Devine and colleagues' study relied on a mean sample size of only about 25 fish. In a 2022 review of various scientists' conclusions about the impacts of ocean acidification on fish behavior, Timothy D. Clark and colleagues caution that relying on such a relatively small sample size can increase the potential for biased analysis. Such analysis, in turn, can contribute to reports of exaggerated effects. Mark for Review
2011年，Brynn M. Devine及其同事发表了一项研究，得出的结论是，海洋酸化对Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus（一种鱼类）的行为有很大影响。然而，Devine及其同事的研究依赖于仅约25条鱼的平均样本量。在 2022 年对各种科学家关于海洋酸化对鱼类行为影响的结论的回顾中，Timothy D. Clark 及其同事警告说，依靠如此相对较小的样本量可能会增加有偏见的分析的可能性。反过来，这种分析又有助于报告夸大效果。 标记以供审核
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
哪个选择最能说明经文的主要目的？
(A) To note a potential concern about the findings of a scientific study
（A） 注意到对科学研究结果的潜在关切
(B) To discuss an aspect of ocean acidification that is frequently overlooked
（B） 讨论海洋酸化的一个经常被忽视的方面
(c) To present a debate between two research teams about a cause of ocean acidification
（c） 在两个研究小组之间就海洋酸化的原因进行辩论
(D) To explain how the behavior of a fish species has changed over time
（D） 解释鱼类的行为如何随时间变化
Historians have argued that a crucial component of the Civil Rights Movement's success in the 1960s was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference's Citizen Education Program (CEP), which invited promising activists from across the South to its one-week training sessions in Dorchester, Georgia. Led by experienced organizers such as Dorothy Cotton and Septima Clark, CEP attendees-more than 7.000 in all-participated in workshops on topics ranging from public speaking to legal doctrine before returning home and using their newly acquired knowledge to spearhead local civil rights initiatives.
历史学家认为，民权运动在1960年代取得成功的一个关键组成部分是南方基督教领袖会议的公民教育计划（CEP），该计划邀请了来自南方各地的有前途的活动家参加在佐治亚州多切斯特举行的为期一周的培训课程。在多萝西·科顿（Dorothy Cotton）和塞普蒂玛·克拉克（Septima Clark）等经验丰富的组织者的带领下，CEP与会者（总共有7.000多人参加了从公开演讲到法律学说等主题的研讨会，然后返回家园并利用他们新获得的知识带头推动当地的民权倡议。
Asteroid 6478 Gault has experienced intermittent mass loss since at least 2013, but in contrast to some other asteroids with repeated mass-loss episodes, 6478 Gault has not lost mass at its perihelion (the closest point of its orbit to the Sun), and thus the loss is not attributable to solar energy-driven ice vaporization. And as Jane X. Luu et al. point out, the singular nature of impact ejection makes it untenable as an account of multiple loss episodes of similar duration over several years. Instead, Luu et al. are likely correct that 6478 Gault is shedding mass due to rotational instability.
至少自2013年以来，小行星6478 Gault经历了间歇性的质量损失，但与其他一些反复发生质量损失的小行星相比，6478 Gault在其近日点（其轨道上最接近太阳的点）没有失去质量，因此这种损失不是由于太阳能驱动的冰蒸发。正如Jane X. Luu等人所指出的，撞击弹射的单一性使得它无法解释几年内多次类似持续时间的损失事件。相反，Luu等人可能正确地认为，6478 Gault由于旋转不稳定性而正在失去质量。

囷

Mark for Review
标记以供审核

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
哪个选项最能描述整个文本中带下划线的部分的功能？
(A) It establishes that criticism of the CEP was limited to a few individuals in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
（A） 它确定对 CEP 的批评仅限于南方基督教领袖会议中的少数人。
(B) It underscores the extent of the CEP's impact on the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.
（B） 它强调了CEP对1960年代民权运动的影响程度。
(c) It illustrates the CEP organizers' efforts to educate participants on a wide variety of topics.
（c） 它说明了CEP组织者为向与会者提供各种主题的教育所作的努力。
(D) It suggests that CEP attendees held a diverse array of opinions about the Southern Christian Leadership Conference's political philosophy.
（D）这表明CEP与会者对南方基督教领袖会议的政治哲学持有各种意见。
F
Mark for Review is
标记为审核是
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
哪个选项最能描述文本的整体结构？
(A) It presents a scientific observation, describes a contrast between that observation and other observations, and then explains why those other observations should not be considered credible.
（A） 它提出了一个科学观察，描述了该观察与其他观察之间的对比，然后解释了为什么这些其他观察不应被认为是可信的。
(B) It describes an astronomical finding, discusses competing theories about that finding that the author regards as flawed, and then describes new evidence that supports an alternative theory
（B）它描述了一个天文学发现，讨论了作者认为有缺陷的关于该发现的相互竞争的理论，然后描述了支持另一种理论的新证据
(C) It discusses a physical process, evaluates possible causes of that process, and then states that a persuasive account of the process has yet to be put forward.
（C） 它讨论一个物理过程，评估该过程的可能原因，然后指出尚未对该过程提出有说服力的解释。
(D) It introduces a natural phenomenon, refutes two potential explanations for that phenomenon, and then presents a third explanation for that phenomenon that the author regards as plausible.
（D） 它介绍了一种自然现象，驳斥了对这种现象的两种可能的解释，然后对这种现象提出了作者认为合理的第三种解释。

Text 1 文本 1

Toni Morrison's 1973 novel Sula, a tale of two women's lives set in small-town Ohio from the 1910s to the 1960s, has been described as historical fiction. While it's inarguable that Morrison's book takes place in the past rather than in her own time, Sula is much richer and more complicated than the mere re-creation of the past suggested by the term "historical fiction."
托妮·莫里森 （Toni Morrison） 1973 年的小说《苏拉》讲述了 1910 年代至 1960 年代俄亥俄州小镇的两个女人的生活故事，被描述为历史小说。虽然莫里森的书发生在过去而不是她自己的时代是无可争辩的，但苏拉比“历史小说”一词所暗示的对过去的简单再创造要丰富得多，也复杂得多。

Text 2 文本 2

Some literary critics dismiss historical fiction as a shallow genre in which writers show off their knowledge of period details rather than tell meaningful stories. But historical fiction can be used to explore profound themes and complex characters-in fact, many writers find that writing about the past gives
一些文学评论家认为历史小说是一种肤浅的体裁，作家炫耀他们对时代细节的了解，而不是讲述有意义的故事。但历史小说可以用来探索深刻的主题和复杂的人物——事实上，许多作家发现写过去会给
Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely respond to the them a creative freedom they'd lack if they wrote about the present. claim about Sula advanced by the author of Text 1?
根据文本，文本 2 的作者最有可能如何回应他们，如果他们写的是当下，他们就会缺乏创作自由。文本 1 的作者提出的关于苏拉的主张？
(A) By arguing that Morrison displays a thorough knowledge of historical details in Sula
（A） 通过争辩说莫里森对苏拉的历史细节有透彻的了解
(B) By asserting that dissatisfaction with describing Sula as historical fiction reflects a misunderstanding of the genre
（B） 断言对将《苏拉》描述为历史小说的不满反映了对这一类型的误解
(c) By conceding that the genre of historical fiction contains many works that are less sophisticated than Sula is
（c） 承认历史小说的体裁包含许多不如苏拉复杂的作品
(D) By claiming that the author of Text 1 has underestimated the richness and complexity of Sula
（D） 声称文本 1 的作者低估了苏拉的丰富性和复杂性

Text 1 文本 1

In southern and central Georgia, many buildings and other structures rest on soil that is expansive, meaning that it swells or shrinks as its moisture level changes. Civil engineer Jay X. Wang has noted that the effects of expansive soi appear slowly in the form of gradually growing cracks in foundations, walls, and pavements. Because these effects are incremental and can generally be repaired (though at some cost), structures in southern and central Georgia are typically not built to resist them.
在佐治亚州南部和中部，许多建筑物和其他结构都位于膨胀的土壤上，这意味着它会随着湿度的变化而膨胀或收缩。土木工程师Jay X. Wang指出，膨胀巷的影响以地基、墙壁和人行道逐渐扩大的裂缝的形式缓慢出现。由于这些影响是渐进的，通常可以修复（尽管需要一些成本），因此佐治亚州南部和中部的建筑物通常无法抵抗它们。

Text 2 文本 2

In a 2021 study, Rubayet Bin Mostafiz and colleagues calculated that in the state of Louisiana alone, the annual cost of damage caused by expansive soils reaches nearly million. But they note that this damage can be mitigated: building vapor barriers between structural foundations and the soil can significantly reduce the effects of soil swelling and shrinking
在 2021 年的一项研究中，Rubayet Bin Mostafiz 及其同事计算出，仅在路易斯安那州，膨胀土壤造成的年度破坏成本就达到近 百万。但他们指出，这种损害是可以减轻的：在结构基础和土壤之间建立防潮层可以显着减少土壤膨胀和收缩的影响
Based on the texts, how would Rubayet Bin Mostafiz and colleagues (Text 2) most likely respond to the information presented in Text 1?
根据文本，鲁巴耶特·本·穆斯塔菲兹及其同事（文本2）最有可能如何回应文本1中提供的信息？
(A) They would encourage engineers in southern and central Georgia to insert vapor barriers between new structures' foundations and the surrounding soil.
（A）他们将鼓励佐治亚州南部和中部的工程师在新结构的地基和周围土壤之间插入防潮层。
(B) They would argue that engineers in southern and central Georgia have misjudged the effectiveness of the techniques they use to reduce the effects of expansive soil.
（B） 他们会争辩说，佐治亚州南部和中部的工程师错误地判断了他们用来减少膨胀土壤影响的技术的有效性。
(C) They would suggest that engineers in southern and central Georgia consider the cost of reinforcing the vapor barriers between existing structural foundations and the soil.
（C） 他们建议佐治亚州南部和中部的工程师考虑加固现有结构基础和土壤之间的防潮层的成本。
D They would recommend that engineers in southern and central Georgia measure the moisture level in the soil beneath proposed structures before beginning construction.
D 他们建议佐治亚州南部和中部的工程师在开始施工之前测量拟议结构下方土壤中的水分含量。
Fernand Braudel and other historians of capitalism rarely discuss domestic capitalism in Africa before the period of European colonization, implicitly presenting capitalism as external to and imposed on Africa. John Iliffe and other Africanist scholars have shown, however, that in parts of Africa, institutionally protected private land ownership, the existence of salaried labor, and other features of capitalism predated colonization. One reason for this discrepancy is that historians of capitalism tend to focus on longitudinal economic data drawn from archival records, which do not exist for much of precolonial Africa.
费尔南德·布劳德尔（Fernand Braudel）和其他资本主义历史学家很少讨论欧洲殖民时期之前非洲的国内资本主义，含蓄地将资本主义描述为非洲的外部并强加于非洲。然而，约翰·伊利夫（John Iliffe）和其他非洲主义学者已经表明，在非洲部分地区，受制度保护的私有土地所有权、雇佣劳动的存在以及资本主义的其他特征早于殖民化。造成这种差异的一个原因是，资本主义历史学家倾向于关注从档案记录中提取的纵向经济数据，而这些数据在前殖民时期的非洲大部分地区都不存在。
T.

Mark for Review
标记以供审核

Which statement about Iliffe and other Africanist scholars is best supported by information in the text?
关于伊利夫和其他非洲主义学者的哪一种说法最能得到文中信息的支持？
(A) They likely make use of different types of evidence than historians of capitalism typically rely on.
（A）他们可能使用与资本主义历史学家通常所依赖的不同类型的证据。
(B) They likely have a different view about which activities should be considered capitalist in nature than historians of capitalism do.
（B）对于哪些活动应该被视为资本主义性质，他们可能与资本主义历史学家有不同的看法。
(C) They likely differ from historians of capitalism in the methods they use to derive longitudinal economic data from archival records.
（C）他们可能与资本主义历史学家的不同之处在于他们从档案记录中得出纵向经济数据的方法。
(D) They likely view capitalism as having been more beneficial for Africa than historians of capitalism do
（D）他们可能认为资本主义比资本主义历史学家对非洲更有利
Geneticist Elaine Ostrander led an international collaboration in which Norbert Benecke and other researchers investigated the evolutionary history of size variation in modern dogs. The researchers identified multiple versions of the gene regulating the production of IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) in dogs and found that dogs of the same breed consistently share the same version of the gene. In a discussion of the study, a student hypothesizes that small breeds of dogs (for example, Havaneses) must share a version that represses IGF-1 production that would otherwise confer larger body size.
遗传学家伊莱恩·奥斯特兰德（Elaine Ostrander）领导了一项国际合作，诺伯特·贝内克（Norbert Benecke）和其他研究人员研究了现代狗体型变异的进化历史。研究人员确定了调节狗体内IGF-1（胰岛素样生长因子1）产生的基因的多个版本，并发现同一品种的狗始终共享相同版本的基因。在对这项研究的讨论中，一名学生假设小型犬（例如，哈瓦那犬）必须共享一个抑制IGF-1产生的版本，否则会赋予更大的体型。
Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken the student's claim?
如果属实，哪项发现最直接地削弱了学生的主张？
(A) The majority of the most prevalent dog breeds have limited activity in the gene that regulates IGF-1 production.
（A） 大多数最流行的犬种在调节 IGF-1 产生的基因中的活性有限。
(B) The degree of size variation among dogs is greater than that of any other land-based mammal.
（B） 狗之间的大小差异程度大于任何其他陆生哺乳动物。
(C) Some breeds with small body sizes and low IGF-1 concentrations have a different version of the gene regulating IGF-1 production than do Havaneses.
（C） 一些体型小、IGF-1 浓度低的品种具有与哈瓦那犬不同的调节 IGF-1 产生的基因版本。
(D) The gene that regulates IGF-1 production is not the only gene that influences body size in dogs but is the only such gene that shows within-breed version consistency.
（D） 调节 IGF-1 产生的基因不是影响狗体型的唯一基因，而是唯一显示品种内版本一致性的基因。
Scholars cite Pedro Páramo, the 1955 novel by Mexican author Juan Rulfo, as a foundational text of magical realism, the Latin American style of fiction in which antirealistic plot devices-often borrowed from the folkloric traditions of Indigenous and colonial societies in the Americas-are deployed in an otherwise realistic mode of representation typical of the modern novel. This style has exerted a decisive influence on authors around the world, including Orhan Pamuk, whose 2001 novel My Name Is Red resembles classic magical realist novels in its juxtaposition of literary realism with folklore-namely, that of Turkey: Mark for Review
学者们引用墨西哥作家胡安·鲁尔福（Juan Rulfo）1955年的小说《佩德罗·帕拉莫》（Pedro Páramo）作为魔幻现实主义的基础文本，魔幻现实主义是拉丁美洲小说风格，其中反现实主义的情节装置（通常借鉴了美洲土著和殖民社会的民俗传统）以现代小说典型的现实主义表现模式部署。这种风格对世界各地的作家产生了决定性的影响，包括奥尔罕·帕慕克，他2001年的小说《我的名字是红色》与经典的魔幻现实主义小说相似，将文学现实主义与民间传说并置，即土耳其的现实主义： Mark for Review
Which quotation from a literary scholar would most directly support the claim in the underlined portion of the text?
文学学者的哪句话最直接地支持了文本下划线部分的主张？
A "The logic of the realistic plot of My Name Is Red is repeatedly and productively disrupted by the presence of imagery and situations drawn from Turkish folklore."
答：“《我的名字叫红》的现实主义情节的逻辑被土耳其民间传说中的图像和情境的存在反复而富有成效地打乱了。
(B) "While My Name Is Red alternates between realistic and antirealistic modes of representation, details suggesting the influence of Turkish folklore nevertheless occur throughout the novel."
（B）“虽然《我的名字是红色的》在现实主义和反现实主义的表现模式之间交替出现，但暗示土耳其民间传说影响的细节仍然贯穿整部小说。
(C) "Although Turkish folklore clearly informs the style and occasionally antirealistic plot of My Name Is Red, the novel also shows the inarguable influence of the magical realist tradition of Latin America."
（C）“尽管土耳其民间传说清楚地影响了《我的名字是红色》的风格和偶尔的反现实主义情节，但小说也显示了拉丁美洲魔幻现实主义传统的无可争辩的影响。
(D) "Like many works in the Latin American magical realist tradition, My Name Is Red is indebted to antirealistic elements in the folkloric tradition of Turkey."
（D）“像拉丁美洲魔幻现实主义传统的许多作品一样，《我的名字是红色》归功于土耳其民俗传统中的反现实主义元素。
Indigenous songs are an important resource for ecological information. Songs of the Warlpiri people in Yuendumu, Australia, convey information about wild edible seeds, and the songs of the Sakha people in Siberia, Russia, address the effects of climate change on local ecosystems. There have been efforts made to preserve Indigenous languages over the years-e.g., the United Nations' International Decade of Indigenous Languages (2022-2032). However, such attempts have typically focused on spoken language despite the fact that some expressions in these languages appear only in songs. Therefore, if those involved in such efforts want to ensure that a comprehensive range of information is secured, they must
土著歌曲是生态信息的重要资源。澳大利亚尤恩杜姆的瓦尔皮里人的歌曲传达了有关野生可食用种子的信息，俄罗斯西伯利亚的萨哈人的歌曲讲述了气候变化对当地生态系统的影响。多年来，人们一直在努力保护土著语言，例如联合国的土著语言国际十年（2022-2032 年）。然而，这种尝试通常集中在口语上，尽管这些语言中的某些表达只出现在歌曲中。因此，如果参与此类工作的人想要确保全面的信息得到保护，他们必须
In a 2014 study that took place in Laos, Stéphane Guédron, Delphine Tisserand, and colleagues found a negative association between levels of dissolved organic carbon and mercury in bodies of fresh water. It may seem reasonable to be skeptical of this finding, since most other studies, such as research conducted in 2015 in Canada by Stéphanie Hamelin and colleagues, have found that dissolved organic carbon and mercury levels rise together. Like the latter study, however, most studies of the topic have been conducted in North America, and many of those study sites have similar characteristics to one another, suggesting that
在2014年在老挝进行的一项研究中，Stéphane Guédron，Delphine Tisserand及其同事发现淡水中溶解的有机碳水平与汞之间存在负相关。对这一发现持怀疑态度似乎是合理的，因为大多数其他研究，例如Stéphanie Hamelin及其同事于2015年在加拿大进行的研究，都发现溶解的有机碳和汞水平一起上升。然而，与后一项研究一样，该主题的大多数研究都是在北美进行的，其中许多研究地点彼此具有相似的特征，这表明
14
Mark for Review 标记以供审核
Which choice most logically completes the text?
哪个选项最合乎逻辑地完成文本？
(A) few of the studies conducted in North America have been able to measure dissolved organic carbon and mercury levels with the same level of precision as in Guédron, Tisserand, and colleagues' study.
（A）在北美进行的研究很少能够像Guédron、Tisserand及其同事的研究那样精确地测量溶解的有机碳和汞水平。
B the mercury levels reported in Guédron, Tisserand, and colleagues' study were much higher than those reported in the study by Hamelin and colleagues even though the dissolved organic carbon levels reported in the two studies were approximately the same.
B Guédron、Tisserand及其同事的研究中报告的汞含量远高于Hamelin及其同事的研究中报告的汞含量，尽管两项研究中报告的溶解有机碳含量大致相同。
(C) Guédron, Tisserand, and colleagues' study may have inadvertently measured a different characteristic of bodies of fresh water than their levels of dissolved organic carbon and mercury.
（C）Guédron，Tisserand及其同事的研究可能无意中测量了淡水体与其溶解有机碳和汞含量不同的特征。
(D) Guédron, Tisserand, and colleagues' finding may differ from the findings of other studies due to a difference in environmental circumstances that affects the relationship between dissolved organic carbon and mercury in fresh water.
（D） Guédron、Tisserand及其同事的发现可能与其他研究的结果不同，因为环境条件的差异影响了淡水中溶解的有机碳与汞之间的关系。
As complex life cycle parasites, Opechona sp. and Cucullanellus kanabus require multiple host species throughout their development. Extrapolating from parasite counts on Pacific herring and seven other fish species collected from Puget Sound from 1880 to 2019, Chelsea Wood et al. found that the abundance of three-host parasites, such as Opechona sp., negatively correlated with rising average annual sea temperatures; the abundance of two-host parasites, such as c. kanabus, was largely stable. Noting that fish and other marine vertebrates are especially vulnerable to climate change, Wood et al. observed that all three-host parasites in the study depend on at least two vertebrate species, while all twohost parasites depend on only one, suggesting that
作为复杂的生命周期寄生虫，Opechona sp. 和 Cucullanellus kanabus 在整个发育过程中需要多种宿主物种。Chelsea Wood等人根据1880年至2019年从普吉特海湾收集的太平洋鲱鱼和其他七种鱼类的寄生虫数量推断，发现三宿主寄生虫（如Opechona sp.）的丰度与年平均海水温度上升呈负相关;双宿主寄生虫（如卡纳布斯梭菌）的丰度基本稳定。Wood等人指出，鱼类和其他海洋脊椎动物特别容易受到气候变化的影响，他们观察到研究中的所有三种宿主寄生虫都依赖于至少两种脊椎动物物种，而所有两种宿主寄生虫都只依赖于一种，这表明
Which choice most logically completes the text?
哪个选项最合乎逻辑地完成文本？
(A) although Opechona sp. and C. kanabus both require Pacific herring as a host, . kanabus was more adversely affected by warmingdriven changes in the Pacific herring population than Opechona sp. was.
（A） 虽然 Opechona sp. 和 C. kanabus 都需要太平洋鲱鱼作为宿主， 但 .与Opechona sp.相比，Kanabus受气候变暖驱动的太平洋鲱鱼种群变化的不利影响更大。
(B) a parasite's sensitivity to warming temperatures is negatively correlated with the number of unique vertebrate species it depends on throughout its life cycle.
（B）寄生虫对变暖温度的敏感性与其整个生命周期中所依赖的独特脊椎动物物种的数量呈负相关。
(C) warming-induced population changes among Puget Sound vertebrates may have suppressed some parasite populations, but there were no changes among the eight studied host species that affected two-host parasite abundance
（C）普吉特海湾脊椎动物的变暖引起的种群变化可能抑制了一些寄生虫种群，但影响双宿主寄生虫丰度的8种寄主物种没有变化
(D) population size and density of the eight fish species examined in the study were likely largely unaffected by rising sea temperatures.
（D）研究中研究的八种鱼类的种群规模和密度可能基本上不受海水温度上升的影响。
Entomologists Yash Sondhi and Samuel Fabian have tried to explain why moths fly erratically around light sources at night. Knowing that flying insects keep their backs pointed toward sunlight during the day,
昆虫学家亚什·桑迪（Yash Sondhi）和塞缪尔·法比安（Samuel Fabian）试图解释为什么飞蛾在夜间不规则地绕着光源飞行。知道飞虫在白天将背部指向阳光，
Mark for Review
标记以供审核
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
哪种选择可以完成文本以使其符合标准英语的惯例？
(A) the researchers theorize that moths, mistaking nighttime lights for the Sun, continually try to reorient their bodies while flying near such lights.
（A）研究人员推测，飞蛾将夜间的灯光误认为是太阳，在靠近这些灯光时不断试图改变身体的方向。
(B) the researchers' theory is that moths mistake nighttime lights for the Sun, continually trying to reorient their bodies while flying near such lights.
（B）研究人员的理论是，飞蛾将夜间的灯光误认为是太阳，在靠近这些灯光时不断试图改变身体的方向。
(C) moths continually try to reorient their bodies while flying near nighttime lights, the researchers theorize, mistaking such lights for the Sun.
研究人员推测，飞蛾在夜间灯光附近飞行时不断试图重新调整身体方向，将这种灯光误认为是太阳。
(D) moths mistake nighttime lights for the Sun and continually try to reorient their bodies while flying near such lights, the researchers theorize.
研究人员推测，飞蛾将夜间的灯光误认为是太阳，并在靠近这些灯光时不断尝试重新调整身体方向。
In Antarctica, the Syowa East observatory site monitors activity in the uppe atmosphere of the southern in Finland, another observatory site, Hankasalmi, monitors the sky of the northern hemisphere. Together, they ar part of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network-or SuperDARN, as space physicists like Mark Lester call it.
在南极洲，Syowa East天文台监测芬兰南部上升大气中的活动，另一个天文台Hankasalmi监测北半球的天空。它们共同构成了超级双极光雷达网络（Super Dual Auroral Radar Network）或SuperDARN的一部分，正如马克·莱斯特（Mark Lester）等空间物理学家所说的那样。
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
哪种选择可以完成文本以使其符合标准英语的惯例？
(A) hemisphere （A） 半球
(B) hemisphere （B） 半球
(c) hemisphere and （c） 半球和
(D) hemisphere （D） 半球
18 Mark for Review
18 评分
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
哪种选择可以完成文本以使其符合标准英语的惯例？
(A) spectrum while （一）频谱而
(B) spectrum, while （B）频谱，而
(c) spectrum: （c） 频谱：
(D) spectrum （四）频谱
Mark for Review
标记以供审核
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
哪种选择可以完成文本以使其符合标准英语的惯例？
(A) groups and established
（一）集团和成立
(B) groups established （二）集团成立
(C) groups, established （三）集团成立
(D) groups. Established （四）组。既定
Mark for Review
标记以供审核
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
哪种选择可以完成文本以使其符合标准英语的惯例？
(A) has pledged （一）已质押的
(B) pledges （二）质押
(C) is pledging （三）质押

D) pledging D） 质押

United States would have cost 54 USD and 110 USD in fellow OECD and
美国在经合组织同胞中将花费 54 美元和 110 美元和
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Luxembourg, respectively. Standard English?
哪个选项可以完成文本，使其分别符合卢森堡的惯例。标准英语？
(A) nations; Hungary （一）国家;匈牙利
(B) nations: Hungary （B） 国家：匈牙利
(c) nations Hungarify （c） 国家 Hungarify
(D) nations, Hungary （D） 国家、匈牙利
Modernista architects championed nature in their designs the dramatic archways and botanical glasswork of Palau Mornau, a Modernista private home natural influences in Raspall's penchant for curves (rather than right angles) and plant- and animal-inspired flourishes.
Modernista 建筑师在他们的设计中倡导自然：Palau Mornau 的戏剧性拱门和植物玻璃制品，这是 Modernista 私人住宅，自然影响了 Raspall 对曲线（而不是直角）和植物和动物灵感的繁荣的偏爱。
In a 2005 study by Mellado et al., the researchers determined the ratio of three
在 Mellado 等人 2005 年的一项研究中，研究人员确定了 3 的比例
Mark for Review different plant subtypes within the diet of sheep: graminoids, forbs, and browse. the researchers determined the relative quantities of the plants the animal consumed.
标记审查绵羊饮食中的不同植物亚型：禾本科植物、杂草类植物和浏览类植物。研究人员确定了动物食用的植物的相对数量。
  • Richard Serra is an American artist.
    理查德·塞拉（Richard Serra）是一位美国艺术家。

Mark for Review
标记以供审核

  • His sculpture Gutter Corner Splash: Night Shift is roughly 2 feet wide and 9 feet tall
    他的雕塑《Gutter Corner Splash： Night Shift》宽约 2 英尺，高约 9 英尺
Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to
哪种选择最有效地使用给定句子中的信息
  • It is made from lead. emphasize the size of the sculpture?
    它由铅制成。强调雕塑的大小？
(A) Richard Serra is an American artist known for his large metal sculptures.
（A）理查德·塞拉（Richard Serra）是一位以大型金属雕塑而闻名的美国艺术家。
(B) Richard Serra's Gutter Corner Splash: Night Shift is made of lead
（B） 理查德·塞拉 （Richard Serra） 的 Gutter Corner Splash： Night Shift 是用铅制成的
(C) Gutter Corner Splash: Night Shift-a large metal sculpture by artist Richard Serra-stretches roughly 2 feet wide and 9 feet tall.
（C） Gutter Corner Splash： Night Shift——艺术家理查德·塞拉 （Richard Serra） 的大型金属雕塑——宽约 2 英尺，高约 9 英尺。
(D) American artist Richard Serra creates large sculptures from metals such as lead.
（D）美国艺术家理查德·塞拉（Richard Serra）用铅等金属创作大型雕塑。
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
在研究一个主题时，学生做了以下笔记：
  • Artist Pablo Picasso of Spain won a Carnegie Prize gold medal in 1930
    西班牙艺术家巴勃罗·毕加索（Pablo Picasso）于1930年获得卡内基奖金奖
  • The Carnegie Prize is an international art competition.
    卡内基奖是一项国际艺术竞赛。
  • It is administered by the Carnegie Museum of Art in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
    它由宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的卡内基艺术博物馆管理。
  • Picasso's winning artwork was a painting entitled Portrait of Mme. Picasso.
    毕加索的获奖作品是一幅名为《毕加索夫人的肖像》的画作。

Mark for Review
标记以供审核

The student wants to identify the painting for which Picasso won a Carnegi Prize gold medal. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
学生想找出毕加索获得卡内基奖金奖的画作。哪种选择最有效地利用笔记中的相关信息来实现此目标？
(A) Picasso won a Carnegie Prize gold medal for the painting Portrait of Mme. Picasso.
（A）毕加索凭借画作《毕加索夫人的肖像》获得卡内基奖金奖。
(B) The Carnegie Museum of Art awarded Picasso a gold medal in 1930.
（B）卡内基艺术博物馆于1930年授予毕加索一枚金质奖章。
(c) The Carnegie Prize is an international art competition administered by the Carnegie Museum of Art in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
（c） 卡内基奖是由宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡卡内基艺术博物馆举办的一项国际艺术竞赛。
(D) In 1930, an artist from Spain won a Carnegie Prize gold medal for a painting.
（D）1930年，一位来自西班牙的艺术家凭借一幅画获得了卡内基奖金奖。
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
在研究一个主题时，学生做了以下笔记：
  • Onomatopoeias are words that imitate the sounds they represent.
    拟声词是模仿它们所代表的声音的词。
  • Onomatopoeias used to represent the same sound often vary from language to language.
    用于表示相同声音的拟声词通常因语言而异。
  • This variation is due in part to differences in how languages are structured
    这种差异部分是由于语言结构的差异
  • "Ba-dumm" is a German onomatopoeia that represents the sound of a heartbeat.
    “Ba-dumm”是德语拟声词，代表心跳的声音。
  • "Doki doki" is a Japanese onomatopoeia that represents the sound of a heartbeat.
    “Doki doki”是日语拟声词，代表心跳的声音。
  • The term "onomatopoeia" combines the Greek words for "name" (onoma) and "to make" (poiein)
    “拟声词”一词结合了希腊语中的“名称”（onoma）和“制作”（poiein）
2
Mark for Review
标记以供审核
The student wants to provide a specific example of onomatopoeia. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
学生想提供一个拟声词的具体例子。哪种选择最有效地利用笔记中的相关信息来实现此目标？
(A) Differences in how languages are structured can cause variations in the words used in different languages to represent the same sound.
（A） 语言结构的差异会导致不同语言中用于表示相同声音的单词的差异。
(B) The Japanese word "doki doki" both imitates and represents the sound of a heartbeat.
（B） 日语单词“doki doki”既模仿又代表心跳的声音。
(C) The languages of German and Japanese use different words to represent the sound of a heartbeat.
（C） 德语和日语使用不同的词来表示心跳的声音。
(D) The term "onomatopoeia," which refers to words that imitate the sound they represent, combines the Greek words for "name" and "to make."
（D） “拟声词”一词是指模仿它们所代表的声音的词语，它结合了希腊语中的“名称”和“制造”。
  • Vexillology is the study of flags.
    Vexillology 是对旗帜的研究。
  • The flags of many countries include symbols like animals, plants, or landforms.
    许多国家的国旗包括动物、植物或地貌等符号。
  • These symbols often represent an aspect of the region's history, culture, or landscape.
    这些符号通常代表该地区历史、文化或景观的一个方面。
  • The flag of Papua New Guinea includes a raggiana bird-of-paradise.
    巴布亚新几内亚的国旗包括一只拉吉亚纳天堂鸟。
  • The flag of El Salvador includes a palm branch
    萨尔瓦多的国旗包括一根棕榈树枝
Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
注：图未按比例绘制。
In the figure, line intersects lines and . Line is parallel to line . What is the value of ?
在图中，线 与线 和 相交。线 平行于线 。的价值 是什么？

Answer Preview: 答案预览：

During a portion of a flight, a small airplane's cruising speed varied between 180 miles per hour and 190 miles per hour. Which inequality best represents this situation, where is the cruising speed, in miles per hour, during this portion of the flight?
在飞行的一部分中，小型飞机的巡航速度在每小时 180 英里到每小时 190 英里之间变化。哪种不等式最能代表这种情况，在飞行的这一部分，巡航速度（以英里/小时为单位）在哪里 ？
(A)  （一）
(B)  （二）
(C)  （三）
3 口 Mark for Review
If , what is the value of ?
如果 ，则 的 值是多少？
(A) 3 （一） 3
(B) 9 （二） 9
(c) 18 （三） 18
(D) 27  （四）27
In the -plane, the graph of the given equation is a circle. If this circle is inscribed in a square, what is the perimeter of the square?
在 平面中，给定方程的图形是一个圆。如果这个圆圈刻在一个正方形中，那么正方形的周长是多少？
(A) 18 （一） 18
(B) 36 （二） 36
(c) 72 （三） 72
(D) 144 （四）144
5 П Mark for Review
Which expression is equivalent to ?
哪个表达式等价于 ？
(A)  （一）
(B)  （二）
(C)  （三）
(D)  （四）
同
Mark for Review
标记以供审核
The function is defined by . What is the value of ?
该函数 由 定义 。的价值 是什么？

Answer Preview: 答案预览：

Mark for Review
标记以供审核
The function is defined by . For what value of does ?
该函数 由 定义 。对于什么值 ？

Answer Preview: 答案预览：

The scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, and .
散点图显示了两个变量之间的关系， 并且 .
Which of the following equations is the most appropriate linear model for the data shown?
以下哪个方程是最适合所示数据的线性模型？
(A)  （一）
(B)  （二）
(c)  （三）
(D)  （四）
9 Mark for Review
9 评分
For the given equation, which table gives three values of and their corresponding values of ?
对于给定的方程，哪个表给出了 的三个值 和 它们的对应值 ？
(A)  （一）
0 4 8
5 10 15
(B) （二）
(c) （三）
5 10 15
0 4 8
(D) （四）