Source Variations  來源變化

Textual Works 文字作品

10.1 Periodicals 10.1 期刊

1. Journal article with a DOI
   帶 DOI 的期刊文章

2. Journal article without a DOI, with a nondatabase URL
   無 DOI 的期刊文章，附非資料庫 URL

3. Journal, magazine, or newspaper article without a DOI, from most academic research databases or print version
   大多數學術研究資料庫或印刷版中不包含 DOI 的期刊、雜誌或報紙文章

• Do not include the database name or URL. See Section 9.30 for more on excluding or including database information in references.
  請勿包含資料庫名稱或 URL。有關在引用中排除或包含資料庫信息的更多信息，請參見第 9.30 節。

4. Journal article with a DOI, 21 or more authors
4.有 DOI 的期刊文章，21 位或更多作者

• Because the original DOI was long and complex, a shortDOI is used (see Section 9.36). Either the long or short form of the DOI is acceptable.
  由於最初的 DOI 較長且複雜，因此使用了短 DOI（請參閱第 9.36 節）。 DOI 的長式或短式均可。

5. Journal article with a DOI, combination of individual and group authors
   有 DOI 的期刊文章，個人和集體作者的組合

• Write the name of the group author as shown on the source (see Section 9.11). This byline included the wording "the members of."
  寫出來源上顯示的小組作者姓名（請參閱第 9.11 節）。這行包括 "的成員 "字樣。

6. Journal article with an article number or eLocator
   有文章編號或電子定位器的期刊文章

• Capitalize the word "Article" before the article number or eLocator.
  文章編號或 eLocator 前的 "文章 "一詞大寫。

7. Journal article, advance online publication
   期刊文章，提前線上出版

• See Section 8.5 for further information on which version of an article to cite.
  有關引用文章版本的更多信息，請參見第 8.5 節。

8. Journal article, in press
8.期刊文章，付印中

9. Journal article, published in another language
   以其他語言發表的期刊文章

• When an article is in a different language than your paper, include a translation of the article title in square brackets (see Section 9.38).
  如果文章的語言與您的論文不同，請在方括號中註明文章標題的譯文（請參閱第 9.38 節）。

10. Journal article, republished in translation
10.期刊文章，譯文再版

• For more on translated works, see Section 9.39.
  有關翻譯作品的更多信息，請參見第 9.39 節。

11. Journal article, reprinted from another source
11.期刊文章，從另一個來源轉載

• Provide information for the reprinted version that you used; then provide in parentheses the original article title (even if the title did not change), year, and source information (see Section 9.40).
  提供您使用的重印版本的資訊；然後在括號內提供原始文章的標題（即使標題沒有改 變）、年份和來源資訊（請參閱第 9.40 節）。
• Place the original issue number in square brackets rather than in parentheses to avoid nested parentheses.
  將原期刊號放在方括號內，而不是括號內，以避免嵌套括號。

12. Special section or special issue in a journal
12.期刊中的專欄或專刊

• List the editor(s) of the special section or issue in the author position and the title of the special section or issue in the title position.
  在作者位置列出專欄或專刊的編輯，在標題位置列出專欄或專刊的名稱。
• Provide the page range for a special section. Do not provide a page range for a special issue.
  提供特刊的頁碼範圍。請勿提供特刊的頁碼範圍。
• Some publishers include an " " in issue numbers for special issues. In the reference, write the issue number exactly as shown in the publication.
  有些出版商會在特刊的期號中加入 " "。在參考文獻中，請完全按照出版物中顯示的期號書寫。

• For an article within a special section or special issue, follow the format for a journal article (see Examples 1-3), in which case the title of the special section or issue does not appear in the reference.
  對於專欄或專刊中的文章，請遵循期刊文章的格式（見例 1-3），在這種情況下，參考文獻中不出現專欄或專刊的標題。

13. Article from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
13.科克倫系統綜述資料庫中的文章

• Articles in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews are available only in that database (see Section 9.30). In the reference list, format Cochrane articles like periodical articles. Do not italicize the database name if it appears in text.
  Cochrane 系統綜述資料庫中的文章僅在該資料庫中提供（請參閱第 9.30 節）。在參考文獻清單中，Cochrane 文章的格式應與期刊文章相同。如果資料庫名稱出現在內文中，請勿使用斜體。

14. Article from the UpToDate database
14.UpToDate 資料庫中的文章

• Articles in the UpToDate database are available only in that database (see Section 9.30) and have information that changes over time. In the reference list, format UpToDate articles like periodical articles. Do not italicize the database name if it appears in text.
  UpToDate 資料庫中的文章只在該資料庫中提供（請參閱第 9.30 節），其資訊會隨時間而變化。在參考文獻清單中，UpToDate 文章的格式應與期刊文章相同。如果資料庫名稱出現在文字中，請勿以斜體表示。
• Use the year of last update in the date element (see Section 9.15).
  在日期元素中使用上次更新的年份（請參閱第 9.15 節）。
• Include a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time and versions of the page are not archived (see Section 9.16).
  包括檢索日期，因為內容會隨著時間的推移而改變，而且頁面的版本不會存檔（請參閱第 9.16 節）。

15. Magazine article 15.雜誌文章

16. Newspaper article 16.報紙文章

• To cite articles from online news websites (vs. online newspapers as shown here), see Example 110.
  若要引用線上新聞網站的文章（相對於此處所示的線上報紙），請參見例 110。

17. Blog post 17.部落格文章

18. Comment on an online periodical article or post
18.評論線上期刊文章或帖子

• Credit the person who left the comment as the author using the format that appears with the comment (i.e., a real name or a username).
  使用評論中出現的格式（即真實姓名或使用者名稱）註明評論作者。
• Provide the comment title or up to the first 20 words of the comment; then write "Comment on the article" and the title of the article on which the comment appeared (in quotation marks and sentence case, enclosed within square brackets).
  提供評論標題或最多 20 個字的評論內容；然後寫上 "對文章的評論 "和評論文章的標題（用引號和句子大小寫表示，括在方括號內）。
• Link to the comment itself if possible (see Sections 9.33-9.34).
  盡可能連結到評論本身（請參閱第 9.33-9.34 節）。
• Because the comment URL was long and complex, it has been shortened (see Section 9.36). Either the long or the short form of the URL is acceptable.
  由於註釋 URL 長而複雜，因此已將其縮短（請參閱第 9.36 節）。無論是長URL或短URL都可以接受。

19. Editorial 19.編輯

• Use the reference format for the publication in which the editorial was published. This example shows an editorial from a journal; editorials also appear in magazines, newspapers, and other publications.
  使用發表社論的出版物的參考文獻格式。本範例顯示的是期刊上的社論；雜誌、報紙和其他出版品上也有社論。
• Include the notation "Editorial" in square brackets after the title (except when the word "Editorial" is included in the title).
  在標題後的方括號中註明 "社論"（除非標題中包含 "社論 "一詞）。
• If the editorial is unsigned, follow the guidelines in Sections 8.14 and 9.12 for the in-text citation and reference list entry, respectively.
  如果社論沒有署名，則分別按照第 8.14 節和第 9.12 節中的指導原則進行內文引用和參考文獻列表著錄。

10.2 Books and Reference Works
10.2 書籍和參考資料

20. Authored book with a DOI
20.撰寫有 DOI 的書籍

21. Authored book without a DOI, from most academic research databases or print version
    大多數學術研究資料庫或印刷版中無 DOI 的作者著作

• See Section 9.30 for more on including database information in references.
  有關在參考文獻中包含資料庫信息的更多信息，請參見第 9.30 節。

22. Authored ebook (e.g., Kindle book) or audiobook without a DOI, with a nondatabase URL
    無 DOI 的自製電子書（如 Kindle 電子書）或有聲讀物，帶有非資料庫 URL

• It is not necessary to note when you used an audiobook versus a book or an ebook when the content is the same, even if the format is different. However, do note that the work is an audiobook in the title element when the content is different (e.g., abridged), if you want to note something special about the audiobook (e.g., the impact of the narration on the listener), or if you quote from the audiobook (see Section 8.28).
  如果內容相同，即使格式不同，也沒有必要註明使用的是有聲書還是書籍或電子書。但是，如果內容不同（如有刪節），如果你想說明有聲讀物的特別之處（如旁白對聽眾的影響），或者如果你引用了有聲讀物的內容（見第8.28 節），則應在標題元素中說明該作品是有聲書。
• If the audiobook was released in a different year from the text version of the book, treat the work as republished (see Example 29).
  若有聲書的發行年份與圖書文字版的發行年份不同，則依重新出版處理（見例 29）。

23. Authored book with editor credited on the book cover
    撰寫書籍，並在書籍封面上註明編輯姓名

• When an editor is credited on the cover of an authored book, provide the editor's name in parentheses after the book title with "Ed." or "Eds." in parentheses (see Section 9.10).
  若編輯的名字出現在所著圖書的封面上，請在書名後的括號內註明編輯的名字，並在括號內註明 "Ed. "或 "Eds."（見 9.10 節）。

24. Edited book with a DOI, with multiple publishers
    有 DOI 的編輯書籍，有多個出版商

• Separate multiple publisher names using semicolons.
  使用分號分隔多個出版商名稱。

25. Edited book without a DOI, from most academic research databases or print version
    無 DOI 的編輯書籍，來自大多數學術研究資料庫或印刷版本

• See Section 9.30 for more on including database information in references.
  有關在參考文獻中包含資料庫信息的更多信息，請參見第 9.30 節。

26. Edited ebook (e.g., Kindle book) or audiobook without a DOI, with a nondatabase URL
    編輯的電子書（如 Kindle 電子書）或有聲讀物，無 DOI，帶有非資料庫 URL

• An ebook example is shown. See Example 22 for information about when a notation is needed after an audiobook title.
  現以電子書為例進行說明。有關有聲書標題後何時需要註釋的信息，請參見例 22。

27. Book in another language
27.另一種語言的書籍

• When a book is in a different language than your paper, include a translation of the book title in square brackets (see Section 9.38).
  若書籍的語言與論文的語言不同，請在方括號中註明書名的譯文（請參閱第 9.38 節）。

28. Book republished in translation
28.譯著再版

• For more on translated works, see Section 9.39.
  有關翻譯作品的更多信息，請參見第 9.39 節。

29. Republished book, ebook, or audiobook
29.再版書籍、電子書或有聲書

Pottermore Publishing. http://bit.ly/2TcHchx (Original work published 1997)

• If the new version has been edited and/or translated from the original, provide the name(s) of the editor(s) and/or translator(s) after the title in parentheses.
  如果新版本經過編輯和/或翻譯，請在標題後的括號內註明編輯和/或翻譯者的姓名。
• If an audiobook was released in a different year than the text version of the book, treat the audiobook as republished (see also Example 22 and Section 9.41).
  如果有聲書的發行年份與該書文字版的發行年份不同，則將有聲書視為重新出版（另見 例 22 和第 9.41 節）。

30. One volume of a multivolume work
    多卷本中的一卷

• If the volume has both series editors (or editors-in-chief) and volume editors, only the volume editors appear in the author element.
  如果卷冊既有叢書編輯（或編輯）又有捲冊編輯，則只有捲冊編輯出現在作者元素中。
• If the volume does not have its own title, include the volume number in parentheses without italics (as in the Fiske et al. example).
  如果該卷沒有自己的標題，請在括號內加上卷號，不加斜體（如 Fiske et al.）
• If the volume has its own title, include the volume number and title after the main title in italics (as in the Travis & White example).
  若各卷有自己的標題，請在主標題後以斜體標註卷號和標題（如 Travis & White 的例子）。

31. Book in a series
31.叢書

• For a series of conceptually related titles, the series title is not included in the reference (this book is part of the Theories of Psychotherapy Series; see Section 9.20).
  概念相關的叢書，參考文獻中不包含叢書名（本書是《心理治療理論叢書》的一部份；見 9.20 節）。

32. Diagnostic manual (DSM, ICD)
    診斷手冊（DSM、ICD）

• When the author and publisher are the same, omit the publisher from the source element.
  當作者和出版者相同時，可省略來源元素中的出版者。
• It is common, but not required, to identify the title (and edition) of a diagnostic manual in the text. Group authors and manual titles can be abbreviated in the text (with a few exceptions) but not the reference list (see Sections 6.25 and 8.21 ).
  在正文中標明診斷手冊的名稱（和版本）很常見，但不是必需的。群組作者和手冊名稱可以在正文中縮寫（少數例外），但不能在參考文獻清單中縮寫（見第 6.25 和 8.21 節）。
• Generally, include a citation for a manual the first time it is mentioned in the text. If the first mention appears in a heading, do not cite the manual in the heading; rather, cite it within the first paragraph of that section or soon thereafter.
  一般來說，在正文中第一次提到手冊時，就應引用手冊。如果首次提及出現在標題中，則不要在標題中引用手冊；而是在該部分的第一段或其後不久引用。
• Do not repeat the citation for a subsequent general mention of a manual. Repeat a citation only when it directly supports a statement (e.g., quoting, paraphrasing).
  隨後一般性提及手冊時，不要重複引用。只有在直接支持某項陳述（如引用、轉述）時，才重複引用。
• Additional examples and guidance for citing other editions of and entries in the DSM and ICD are available on the APA Style website.
  有關引用 DSM 和 ICD 的其他版本和條目的更多範例和指導，請造訪 APA Style 網站。

33. Dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia
    字典、辭典或百科全書

• When a stable or archived version of the work is cited (as shown for the Zalta example), a retrieval date is not needed.
  如果引用的是作品的穩定版本或存檔版本（如 Zalta 範例所示），則不需要檢索日期。
• When an online reference work is continuously updated (see Section 9.15) and the versions are not archived (as with the APA Dictionary of Psychology and the Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary examples), use "n.d." as the year of publication and include a retrieval date (see Section 9.16).
  當線上參考文獻不斷更新（見第9.15 節）且版本沒有存檔時（如APA Dictionary of Psychology 和Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 範例），請使用"n.d. "作為出版年份，並註明檢索日期（見第9.16 節）。

34. Anthology 34.選集

• Provide the editor(s) of the anthology in the author position of the reference.
  在參考文獻的作者位置提供選集的編輯。
• The date refers to the year the anthology was published (for a work included in an anthology, see Example 46).
  日期指的是選集出版的年份（關於選集收錄的作品，見例 46）。

35. Religious work 35.宗教工作

• For more on citing religious works, see Section 9.42; to cite a specific book or verse, see Section 8.13; to quote a passage, see Section 8.28 .
  有關引用宗教作品的更多信息，請參見第 9.42 節；引用特定書籍或經文，請參見第 8.13 節；引用段落，請參見第 8.28 節。
• Additional examples of religious texts are available on the APA Style website.
  APA Style 網站上也提供了其他宗教文本範例。

36. Ancient Greek or Roman work
36.古希臘或古羅馬作品

• For ancient Greek or Roman works, include the copyright date of the version used in the date element and the date of the original (ancient) publication in parentheses at the end of the entry. When the date of original publication is approximate, use the abbreviation "ca." (which stands for "circa"),
  對於古希臘或古羅馬作品，應在日期要素中註明所用版本的版權日期，並在條目末尾的圓括號中註明原始（古代）出版日期。當原始出版日期為近似日期時，使用縮寫 "ca."（代表 "circa"）。 (代表 "約"）、
• For more on citing classical works, see Section 9.42 ; to cite a canonically numbered part of a classical work, see Section 8.13; to quote a passage, see Section 8.28 .
  有關引用經典作品的更多信息，請參見第 9.42 節；引用經典作品中按規範編號的部分，請參見第 8.13 節；引用段落，請參見第 8.28 節。

37. Shakespeare 37.莎士比亞

• For more on citing Shakespeare and other works of classical literature, see Section 9.42; to cite a specific act, scene, or line, see Section 8.13; to quote a passage, see Section 8.28 .
  有關引用莎士比亞和其他古典文學作品的更多信息，請參見第 9.42 節；要引用具體的一幕、一場或一行，請參見第 8.13 節；要引用一段話，請參見第 8.28 節。

10.3 Edited Book Chapters and Entries in Reference Works
10.3 經編輯的書籍章節和參考文獻中的條目

38. Chapter in an edited book with a DOI
38.有 DOI 的編輯書籍中的章節

39. Chapter in an edited book without a DOI, from most academic research databases or print version
    大多數學術研究資料庫或印刷版本中無 DOI 的編輯書籍中的章節

• See Section 9.30 for more on including database information in references.
  有關在參考文獻中包含資料庫信息的更多信息，請參見第 9.30 節。

40. Chapter in an edited ebook (e.g., Kindle book) or audiobook without a DOI, with nondatabase URL
    編輯過的電子書（如 Kindle 電子書）或有聲讀物）或有聲讀物中的章節，無 DOI，帶非資料庫 URL

• See Examples 22 and 29 for further information about audiobooks.
  有關有聲讀物的更多信息，請參見範例 22 和 29。

41. Chapter in an edited book in another language
    用另一種語言編輯的書中的章節

• When a chapter is in a different language than your paper, include a translation of the chapter title in square brackets (see Section 9.38 for more).
  如果某章所使用的語言與您的論文不同，請在方括號中註明該章標題的譯文（詳見第 9.38 節）。

42. Chapter in an edited book, republished in translation
    編輯書籍中的章節，譯文再版

• For more on translated works, see Section 9.39.
  有關翻譯作品的更多信息，請參見第 9.39 節。

43. Chapter in an edited book, reprinted from a journal article
43.編輯書籍中的章節，轉載自期刊文章

• Provide information for the reprinted version you used, then provide in parentheses the original article title (even if the title did not change), year, and source information (see Section 9.40 for more).
  提供您使用的重印版本的信息，然後在括號中提供原始文章的標題（即使標題沒有改 變）、年份和來源信息（更多信息請參見第 9.40 節）。
• Place the original journal article issue number in square brackets rather than parentheses to avoid nested parentheses.
  將原始期刊文章的期號放在方括號內，而不是括號內，以避免括號嵌套。

44. Chapter in an edited book, reprinted from another book
    編輯書籍中的章節，重印自另一本書

• Provide information for the reprinted version you used, then provide in parentheses the original book title, page range, author or editor name (including "Ed." for an editor), year, and publisher (see Section 9.40 for more).
  提供您使用的重印版本的信息，然後在括號內提供原書的書名、頁碼範圍、作者或編輯名稱（包括編輯的"Ed."）、年份和出版商（更多信息請參見第9.40 節）。

45. Chapter in a volume of a multivolume work
45.多卷本中的一章

• If the volume has both series editors (or editors-in-chief) and volume editors, only the volume editors appear in the reference.
  如果卷冊既有叢書編輯（或編輯）又有捲冊編輯，則只有捲冊編輯出現在參考文獻中。
• The volume in this example has its own title. See Example 30 for how to include untitled volume information in parentheses after the book title.
  本例的捲冊有自己的書名。有關如何在書名後的括號中包含無標題卷信息，請參見例 30。

46. Work in an anthology
46.選集作品

• Works that have been published elsewhere before appearing in an anthology are treated as being republished (see Section 9.41) rather than reprinted.
  在選集中出現之前已在其他地方發表的作品被視為再版（見第 9.41 節），而不是重印。

47. Entry in a dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia, with group author
    字典、辭典或百科全書中的條目，作者分組

• When an online reference work is continuously updated (see Section 9.15) and the versions are not archived, use "n.d." as the year of publication and include a retrieval date (see Section 9.16).
  當線上參考文獻不斷更新（見第 9.15 節）且版本沒有存檔時，使用 "n.d. "作為出版年份，並包括檢索日期（見第 9.16 節）。

48. Entry in a dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia, with individual author
    字典、辭典或百科全書中的條目，註明作者

• This example is structured similarly to the reference for a chapter in an edited book because the entry has an individual author, the encyclopedia has an editor, and the whole work has a publisher.
  這個例子的結構類似於編輯書籍中的章節參考文獻，因為條目有個人作者，百科全書有編輯，整部作品有出版商。
• Because this version of the entry is archived, a retrieval date is not needed.
  由於此版本的條目已存檔，因此不需要檢索日期。

49. Wikipedia entry 49.維基百科條目

• Cite the archived version of the page so that readers can retrieve the version you used. Access the archived version on Wikipedia by selecting "View history" and then the time and date of the version you used. If a wiki does not provide permanent links to archived versions of the page, include the URL for the entry and the retrieval date.
  引用頁面的存檔版本，以便讀者可以檢索到你使用過的版本。選擇 "查看歷史"，然後選擇你所使用版本的時間和日期，訪問維基百科上的存檔版本。如果維基沒有提供頁面存檔版本的永久鏈接，請註明條目的URL和檢索日期。

10.4 Reports and Gray Literature
10.4 報告與灰色文獻

50. Report by a government agency or other organization
    政府機構或其他組織的報告

• See Section 9.11 for how to treat the names of group authors.
  如何處理組作者的姓名，請參閱第 9.11 節。
• The names of parent agencies not present in the group author name appear in the source element as the publisher (see Section 9.11).
  組作者姓名中沒有的上級機構名稱會作為出版者出現在來源元素中（見第 9.11 節）。
• If multiple agencies authored a report together, join the names with an ampersand, using commas to separate the names of three or more agencies.
  如果報告由多個機構共同撰寫，請以 "括 "號碼連接名稱，並以逗號分隔三個或更多機構的名稱。

51. Report by individual authors at a government agency or other organization
    政府機構或其他組織的個人作者的報告

52. Report by individual authors at a government agency, published as part of a series
    政府機構個人作者的報告，作為系列叢書的一部分出版

53. Report by a task force, working group, or other group
    特別工作小組、工作小組或其他小組的報告

• Capitalize the name of the task force or working group wherever it appears in the reference because it is a proper noun.
  專責小組或工作小組的名稱在參考文獻中出現時均應大寫，因為它是一個專有名詞。

54. Annual report 54.年度報告

55. Code of ethics
55.道德守則

56. Grant 56.贈款

• List the principal investigator as the author with their role in parentheses, the project start and end year(s) as the date, the project title as the title, and the funding agency as the source.
  將主要研究人員列為作者，並在括號中註明其職責，將專案開始和結束年份列為日期，將專案名稱列為標題，將資助機構列為來源。
• The National Institutes of Health (NIH) refers to grant numbers as project numbers; use the appropriate terminology for the grant in your reference, and include the number in parentheses after the title.
  美國國立衛生研究院（NIH）將基金編號稱為項目編號；請在參考文獻中使用基金的適當術語，並在標題後的括號中註明編號。
• A grant application is not a recoverable source and should be discussed as part of the methodology but not included in the reference list.
  贈款申請不屬於可回收來源，應作為方法論的一部分加以討論，但不應列入參考清單。

57. Issue brief 57.問題簡介

• Issue briefs are typically numbered; identify the number of the issue brief in parentheses after the title.
  議題摘要一般都有編號；請在標題後的括號內標明議題摘要的編號。
• If a number is not provided, identify the work as an issue brief in square brackets following the title.
  若未提供編號，請在標題後方的方括號內註明該作品為議題簡報。

58. Policy brief 58.政策簡介

59. Press release 59.新聞稿

10.5 Conference Sessions and Presentations
10.5 大會會議和發言

60. Conference session 60.會議屆會

61. Paper presentation 61.文件介紹

62. Poster presentation 62.海報展示

63. Symposium contribution
63.專題討論會的貢獻

10.6 Dissertations and Theses
10.6 畢業論文與學位論文

64. Unpublished dissertation or thesis
    未出版的學位論文或畢業論文

65. Dissertation or thesis from a database
65.資料庫中的學位論文或畢業論文

66. Dissertation or thesis published online (not in a database)
    在線發表的論文（非資料庫中的論文）

10.7 Reviews 10.7 則評論

67. Film review published in a journal
67.在期刊上發表影評

68. Book review published in a newspaper
68.在報紙發表書評

69. TV series episode review published on a website
    在網站上發表電視劇集評論

• The title is italicized because this work is a webpage on a website (see Example 112). In the reference, the title of the show appears in reverse italics (see Section and sentence case.
  標題用斜體是因為作品是網站上的一個網頁（見例 112）。在參考文獻中，節目名稱以反斜體（見第 節和句子大小寫）。

10.8 Unpublished Works and Informally Published Works
10.8 未發表的作品和非正式發表的作品

70. Unpublished manuscript
70.未發表的手稿

• An unpublished manuscript is only in the authors' possession. Treat a manuscript available online as informally published (see Examples 73-74).
  未發表的手稿僅為作者所有。線上提供的手稿視為非正式出版（見例 73-74）。
• Include the department and institution where the work was produced, if possible.
  如有可能，請註明作品的製作部門和機構。

71. Manuscript in preparation
71.手稿正在準備中

• A manuscript in preparation is only in the authors' possession. Treat a manuscript available online as informally published (see Examples 73-74).
  準備中的手稿僅由作者掌握。線上提供的手稿視為非正式出版（見例 73-74）。
• Include the department and institution where the work was produced, if possible.
  如有可能，請註明作品的製作部門和機構。

72. Manuscript submitted for publication
72.提交出版的手稿

• Do not list the name of the journal to which the work was submitted. Once the manuscript has been accepted for publication, cite it as an in-press article (see Example 8).
  不要列出投稿期刊的名稱。稿件被接受發表後，應將其作為正在發表的文章引用（見例 8）。
• A manuscript submitted for publication is not available to the public. If the manuscript is available online, treat it as informally published (see Examples 73-74).
  提交出版的稿件不對外開放。若稿件可上網查閱，則依非正式出版處理（見例 73-74）。

73. Informally published work, from a preprint archive or an institutional repository
    非正式發表的作品，來自預印本檔案或機構資料庫

• The informally published work may not be peer reviewed (as with Leuker et al.'s preprint article from PsyArXiv), or it may be the author's final, peer-reviewed manuscript as accepted for publication (as with Stults-Kolehmainen & Sinha's manuscript from PubMed Central). See Section 8.5 for more on use of an archival version
  非正式發表的作品可能未經同行評審（如PsyArXiv上的Leuker等人的預印本文章），也可能是作者接受發表的最終、經同行評審的手稿（如PubMed Central上的Stults-Kolehmainen和Sinha的手稿）。有關使用檔案版本的更多信息，請參見第 8.5 節。

74. Informally published work, from ERIC database
74.非正式發表的作品，來自 ERIC 資料庫

• ERIC assigns document numbers to the works in the database. Include this number in parentheses after the title of the work.
  ERIC為資料庫中的作品指定文獻編號。請在作品名稱後的括號中註明該編號。

Data Sets, Software, and Tests
資料集、軟體和測試

10.9 Data Sets 10.9 資料集

75. Data set 75.數據集

76. Unpublished raw data
76.未發表的原始數據

• For an untitled data set, provide a description in square brackets of the publication status and focus of the data.
  對於無標題資料集，請在方括號中說明資料的出版狀況和重點。
• When the source of unpublished raw data is known (e.g., a university or a university department), include it at the end of the reference.
  如果您知道未發表原始資料的來源（如大學或大學部門），請在參考文獻末尾註明。

10.10 Computer Software, Mobile Apps, Apparatuses, and Equipment
10.10 電腦軟體、行動應用程式、裝置和設備

Author	Date	Title	Source
			Publisher	URL
Author, A. A., &	(2020).	Title of work Nersion 1.2) 作品名稱 1.2 版本)	Publisher.	https://xxxxxx
Author, B. B. 作者, B. B. Name of Group. 小組名稱：		. Tit )	App Store.
Name of Group. 小組名稱：
		Name of apparatus 儀器名稱 (Model number) 型號 .
		Name of equipment 設備名稱 (Model number) 型號 .

77. Software 77.軟體

78. Apparatus or equipment
78.儀器或設備