刘震云：我们民族最缺的就是笨人 Liu Zhenyun: What our nation lacks the most are foolish people

你和母校的关系不在于你在母校的时候，而是当你离开母校、再想起锅塌豆腐的时候；当你十年之后再路过北大的时候，来到百年讲堂的时候。
The relationship with your alma mater is not about the time you spent there, but when you leave and think of the pan-fried tofu; when you pass by Peking University ten years later and come to the Centennial Lecture Hall.

作家刘震云在北大国发院2017届毕业典礼发表演讲 Writer Liu Zhenyun delivered a speech at the 2017 graduation ceremony of the National School of Development at Peking University.

2017年7月1日，北京大学国家发展研究院2017届毕业典礼在百周年纪念讲堂举办。北大国发院邀请到著名作家刘震云，为今年的毕业生做毕业主题演讲。
On July 1, 2017, the 2017 graduation ceremony of the National School of Development at Peking University was held at the Centennial Memorial Hall. The National School of Development invited the famous writer Liu Zhenyun to give a graduation-themed speech for this year's graduates.

刘震云是1978年河南高考状元，1982年毕业于北京大学中文系。此次回母校做主题演讲，他从当年考入北大后最爱吃的一道菜——锅塌豆腐讲起，讲到母校、同学的定义，讲到北大校徽设计者鲁迅塑造的三个经典人物形象，进而语重心长地强调作为知识分子的使命。刘氏幽默引得纪念讲堂里数度爆发笑声和掌声。
Liu Zhenyun was the top scorer in the 1978 Henan college entrance examination and graduated from the Chinese Department of Peking University in 1982. Returning to his alma mater to give a themed speech, he started by talking about his favorite dish after entering Peking University—Guota Tofu, and went on to discuss the definition of alma mater and classmates, the three classic characters created by Lu Xun, the designer of the Peking University emblem, and earnestly emphasized the mission of intellectuals. Liu's humor caused the Memorial Hall to erupt in laughter and applause several times.

刘震云演讲实录 Transcript of Liu Zhenyun's speech

感谢张旭东教授，感谢姚洋院长，使我有机会又回到母校，回到百年讲堂。
Thanks to Professor Zhang Xudong and Dean Yao Yang for giving me the opportunity to return to my alma mater and the Centennial Hall.

我记得我上学的时候，这里好像是大饭堂。当时每一个北大的同学手里会提一个饭袋，是用羊肚子手巾缝成的。我记得我提了四年饭袋，但我不记得我洗过这个饭袋。当时大饭堂的饭菜有四个阶级：第一个阶级是五分钱的：炒土豆丝、炒圆白菜、炒萝卜丝；第二等是一毛钱的：鸡蛋西红柿、锅塌豆腐；一毛五的开始有肉了：鱼香肉丝、宫煲鸡丁；两毛钱的有回锅肉、红烧肉和四喜丸子。
I remember when I was in school, this place seemed to be the big canteen. At that time, every Peking University student would carry a food bag, which was sewn from a sheep's stomach handkerchief. I remember carrying the food bag for four years, but I don't remember ever washing it. The food in the big canteen had four classes: the first class was five cents: stir-fried shredded potatoes, stir-fried cabbage, stir-fried shredded radish; the second class was ten cents: egg and tomato, pan-fried tofu; starting from fifteen cents, there was meat: fish-flavored shredded pork, Kung Pao chicken; for twenty cents, there was twice-cooked pork, braised pork, and four-joy meatballs.

我是一个农村孩子，一毛五以上的菜我在北大四年从来没有接触过；鸡犬之声相闻，老死不相往来。我最爱吃的菜是锅塌豆腐，不是肉菜，但因为豆腐被炸过，油水比较大，拌上米饭，人生不过如此，夫复何求？
I am a rural child, and I never encountered dishes costing more than fifteen cents during my four years at Peking University; the sounds of chickens and dogs could be heard, but people lived without interacting with each other. My favorite dish was pan-fried tofu, not a meat dish, but because the tofu was fried, it was quite oily. Mixed with rice, life couldn't be better, what more could one ask for?

北大求学时期的刘震云 Liu Zhenyun during his time studying at Peking University

大食堂最大的惊喜不是你排队买到了锅塌豆腐，而是当你排到的时候，你是最后一个买到的。到最后了，盆里面的汤汤水水，大厨一下子倒到你碗里。最悲催的是你前面一个同学买到，到你这儿没了。他买到锅塌豆腐之后，会看你一眼，已经到了社会学和心理学的角度，庆幸之余有些幸灾乐祸。最大的奇迹在我身上发生过，等我排到的时候，前面还有一个同学，锅塌豆腐就剩了一份，但这个同学思索了一下，剩了最后一份的锅塌豆腐一定特别凉，我改主意了，我想吃鱼香肉丝，锅塌豆腐就到了我的饭盆里。
The biggest surprise in the big canteen was not that you got pan-fried tofu after queuing, but that you were the last one to get it when you reached the front. At the end, the chef would pour the remaining soup into your bowl. The most frustrating thing was when the person in front of you got it, and it was gone by the time it was your turn. After getting the pan-fried tofu, the person would glance at you, feeling a mix of relief and schadenfreude. The biggest miracle happened to me: when it was my turn, there was one person in front of me, and only one serving of pan-fried tofu left. But that person thought for a moment and decided that the last serving must be particularly cold, so he changed his mind and chose fish-flavored shredded pork, leaving the pan-fried tofu for me.

我吃着幸福的锅塌豆腐，找到吃鱼香肉丝的同学问，你是哪个系的啊师兄，他说他是经济系的。经济系不就是我们国发院的前身嘛！滴水之恩当涌泉相报。我的意思是，你和母校的关系不在于你在母校的时候，而是当你离开母校、再想起锅塌豆腐的时候；当你十年之后再路过北大的时候，来到百年讲堂的时候。
Eating the blissful pan-fried tofu, I found the student who chose fish-flavored shredded pork and asked, "Which department are you from, senior?" He said he was from the Economics Department. Isn't the Economics Department the predecessor of our National School of Development! A drop of water shall be returned with a burst of spring. What I mean is, your relationship with your alma mater is not about the time you spent there, but when you think of the pan-fried tofu after leaving, and when you pass by Peking University again ten years later, and come to the Centennial Lecture Hall.

刘震云在当天的活动上 Liu Zhenyun at the event that day

我在母校参加这种场合的活动有三次：第一次是2013年新生入学时，在未名湖畔的大操场，有1万多名新生；第二次是中文系百年校庆的时候；第三次是今天，国发院983名学生毕业的时候。入学和毕业还是不一样的，因为入学是相聚的时候，毕业是分别的时候。自古人生伤离别。但我还是祝贺983名同学毕业，因为从今天开始，在世界的各个角落，又多了983名我的同学。我这些年最深切的体会——同学是通往世界的一张特别有效的通行证。不管到世界的哪个国家、哪个角落，他告诉我：师兄，我也是北大的。同学能够使陌生到熟悉的时间极大地缩短。你们马上可以谈论一下北大、北大相同的老师和北大的锅塌豆腐。
I have attended such events at my alma mater three times: the first time was in 2013 when the new students were admitted, at the large playground by Weiming Lake, with more than 10,000 new students; the second time was during the centennial celebration of the Chinese Department; the third time is today, when 983 students from the National School of Development are graduating. Enrollment and graduation are different because enrollment is a time of gathering, while graduation is a time of parting. Parting has always been a sorrowful moment in life. But I still congratulate the 983 students on their graduation because from today onwards, there will be 983 more of my classmates in various corners of the world. My deepest realization over the years is that classmates are a particularly effective pass to the world. No matter which country or corner of the world you go to, they will tell me: Senior, I am also from Peking University. Classmates can greatly shorten the time from being strangers to being familiar. You can immediately talk about Peking University, the same teachers at Peking University, and the fried tofu at Peking University.

2015年，法国里昂有一个作家的圆桌会议，我遇到一个北大同学，在里昂大学当教授。法国有名的雕塑家巴托尔迪，曾雕塑过自由女神，他雕塑的里昂喷泉是几匹马往不同的方向拉一个车。我看到雕塑就想起了商鞅。
In 2015, there was a writers' roundtable in Lyon, France, where I met a classmate from Peking University who is a professor at Lyon University. The famous French sculptor Bartholdi, who sculpted the Statue of Liberty, also sculpted the Lyon Fountain, which depicts several horses pulling a cart in different directions. When I saw the sculpture, I thought of Shang Yang.

这个同学对我说：师兄，你在生活中不能上当啊。我问不能上什么当，他说，比如有人请你到外头吃饭，一定不是同学，应该到家里。如果到家里请你吃牛排也一定不是同学，应该包饺子。接着我就到他家包饺子。里昂和巴黎最大的区别是，巴黎只有一条河——塞纳河；里昂有两条河。每次看到这些大河波涛汹涌向东流去的时候，我就想，这些河要是在我们村南边该有多好。
This classmate said to me: Senior, you must not be deceived in life. I asked what kind of deception, and he said, for example, if someone invites you to eat out, they are definitely not a classmate; they should invite you to their home. If they invite you to their home and serve steak, they are definitely not a classmate; they should make dumplings. Then I went to his home to make dumplings. The biggest difference between Lyon and Paris is that Paris has only one river—the Seine; Lyon has two rivers. Every time I see these big rivers rushing eastward, I think how great it would be if these rivers were south of our village.

我去他家吃饺子，同学的家在里昂郊区，河旁边。他先带我去地上看看，他说，房子、车、法国女朋友，都是八成新，怎么样？我说，好。接着带我到地下看了看，有个酒窖。镇窖之宝是1985年的三瓶拉菲。同学说：1985年到2015年三十年，人生有几个三十年？今天咱们把这三瓶拉菲喝了！我说且慢，今天如果喝了，你明天后悔怎么办？他说，有好酒不让同学喝让谁喝呢，如果不让同学喝，有好酒又有什么用呢？他上升到哲学层次。我也热血沸腾，说，喝！就着饺子……我还没怎么样，他喝多了，开始跟我讲现代金融学理论，讲外汇市场，股票市场，现代金融学理论在企业的运用……我一句没听懂，拉菲真不错。我的意思是，当你们在学校是同学时，你并不知道什么是同学，当你离开学校再重逢时，你才知道什么是同学。什么是同学？就是他说的话你一句都听不懂，你还跟他聊了一晚上。
I went to his home to eat dumplings. His home is in the suburbs of Lyon, by the river. He first took me to see the ground floor and said, the house, the car, the French girlfriend, are all 80% new, how about it? I said, good. Then he took me to see the basement, where there was a wine cellar. The treasure of the cellar was three bottles of 1985 Lafite. He said: From 1985 to 2015, thirty years, how many thirty years does a person have? Today we will drink these three bottles of Lafite! I said, wait, if you drink them today, what if you regret it tomorrow? He said, if you don't let your classmates drink good wine, who will you let drink it? If you don't let your classmates drink it, what's the use of having good wine? He elevated it to a philosophical level. I also got excited and said, drink! With dumplings... I hadn't even started, and he drank too much and began to talk to me about modern financial theory, the foreign exchange market, the stock market, the application of modern financial theory in enterprises... I didn't understand a word, but the Lafite was really good. What I mean is, when you are classmates in school, you don't know what a classmate is. When you leave school and meet again, you realize what a classmate is. What is a classmate? It's when you don't understand a word he says, but you still chat with him all night.

北京大学国家发展研究院2017届毕业典礼7月1日举行
The 2017 graduation ceremony of the National School of Development at Peking University was held on July 1st.

刚才姚洋院长和张维迎教授做了特别好的发言，谈到了我们的母校是什么。北大是什么人？
Just now, Dean Yao Yang and Professor Zhang Weiying gave particularly good speeches, discussing what our alma mater is. What kind of people are from Peking University?

一代一代的北大人认为，这是新文化运动的中心，是五四运动的策源地，是德先生和赛先生的产生地。不但北大人这么认为，全世界的人也这么认为。这里产生了严复、蔡元培、李大钊、陈独秀、胡适和鲁迅。蔡先生办学方针是“思想自由，兼容并包”。
Generations of Peking University people believe that this is the center of the New Culture Movement, the birthplace of the May Fourth Movement, and the origin of Mr. Democracy and Mr. Science. Not only do Peking University people think so, but people all over the world also think so. Here emerged Yan Fu, Cai Yuanpei, Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, and Lu Xun. Mr. Cai's educational policy was "freedom of thought and inclusiveness."

这些人虽然所处的时代不同，高矮胖瘦不同，但有一点是相同的，他们是民族的先驱者。什么是先驱者？当几万万同胞生活在当下时，他们在思考民族的未来。为了自己的理想和不切实际的理想献出自己宝贵的生命。黑暗中没有火炬，我只有燃烧了我自己。我以我血荐轩辕。哪怕他们知道几万万同胞会蘸着他的血来吃馒头。这就牵涉到知识分子存在的必要性。
Although these people lived in different eras and had different physical appearances, they had one thing in common: they were pioneers of the nation. What is a pioneer? When millions of compatriots were living in the present, they were thinking about the future of the nation. They sacrificed their precious lives for their ideals and unrealistic dreams. In the darkness, without a torch, I can only burn myself. I offer my blood to the Yellow Emperor. Even if they knew that millions of compatriots would dip their bread in their blood. This involves the necessity of the existence of intellectuals.

为什么人类需要知识分子？他除了要考虑这个民族的过去、当下，最重要的是未来。每一个知识分子的眼睛应该像一盏探照灯，更多的知识分子像更多的探照灯聚焦一样，照亮我们民族的未来。如果这些探照灯全部都熄灭了，这个民族的前方是黑暗的。用孙中山先生的话说，这个民族会跌入万劫不复的深渊。
Why does humanity need intellectuals? Besides considering the past and present of the nation, the most important thing is the future. The eyes of every intellectual should be like a searchlight, and more intellectuals like more searchlights focusing together, illuminating the future of our nation. If all these searchlights go out, the future of this nation will be dark. In the words of Mr. Sun Yat-sen, this nation will fall into an abyss of eternal doom.

我们的校徽是鲁迅先生设计的。鲁迅先生的作品读来读去，我读出了三个人。一个是我们的父亲阿Q。阿Q最大的特点是什么？哪个同学能跟我说下？——对了这不是中文系——最大的特点是没老婆，出门就挨打。出门挨打不叫受欺负，但是你的智商被欺负了而不自知，你又是我们的父亲，我们跟着这个父亲受欺负就叫受欺负了。
Our school emblem was designed by Mr. Lu Xun. After reading and re-reading Mr. Lu Xun's works, I have discerned three characters. One is our father, Ah Q. What is Ah Q's most notable characteristic? Can any student tell me? — Right, this is not the Chinese Department — his most notable characteristic is that he has no wife and gets beaten up whenever he goes out. Getting beaten up when going out is not called being bullied, but when your intelligence is being bullied without you realizing it, and you are our father, then we are being bullied by following this father.

另外他塑造了一个我们母亲的形象，祥林嫂。她最大的特点是没丈夫，有一个孩子也被狼吃了。她一辈子最大的工作是要把这个悲剧讲成喜剧。另外鲁迅先生还塑造了一个知识分子的形象，孔乙己。他最大特点是腿被打断了。如果知识分子的腿被打坏了，他看的远处比平常人还要矮近，那这个民族就会出现像孙中山先生所讲的那种情况。思想自由，兼容并包，应该是我们北大人捍卫这个民族、这个民族生命的所在。大家应该知道我们的母校是谁，我们的老师是谁。
Additionally, he created the image of our mother, Xianglin Sao. Her most notable characteristic is that she has no husband, and her only child was eaten by wolves. Her life's greatest task is to turn this tragedy into a comedy. Furthermore, Mr. Lu Xun also created the image of an intellectual, Kong Yiji. His most notable characteristic is that his legs were broken. If an intellectual's legs are broken, his vision of the future is shorter than that of ordinary people, then this nation will face the situation described by Mr. Sun Yat-sen. Freedom of thought and inclusiveness should be what we, the people of Peking University, defend as the essence of this nation and its life. Everyone should know who our alma mater is and who our teachers are.

大家毕业以后是从一所大学到达了另一所大学，从一本书到另外一本书。大家最需要知道的是这个民族最缺失什么。这个民族不缺人，不缺钱。全世界都知道中国人最有钱。我觉得这个说法是最欺负人的。如果14个人有10块钱，另外2个人有9块钱，用我们国发院现代金融学的理论来衡量，到底谁有钱？我们的马路头一年修，第二年要拉开看一看；我们的大桥，寿命不会超过30年；一下雨，我们的城市就淹了。缺什么？我们这个民族缺远见。远见，对于这个民族，如大旱之望云霓，如雾霾之望大风。
After graduation, everyone moves from one university to another, from one book to another. What you most need to know is what this nation lacks the most. This nation does not lack people, nor does it lack money. The whole world knows that Chinese people are the wealthiest. I think this statement is the most misleading. If 14 people have 10 yuan, and another 2 people have 9 yuan, using the modern financial theory from our National Development Institute, who is actually wealthy? Our roads are built in the first year and need to be dug up and checked in the second year; our bridges have a lifespan of no more than 30 years; our cities flood whenever it rains. What is lacking? This nation lacks foresight. Foresight, for this nation, is like longing for rain during a drought, like hoping for a strong wind in smog.

大家在另外一个大学起步时，有两句话千万不要信：一是，世界上的事是不可以投机的，千万别信，世界上的事是可以投机的。另外一句话，世界上是没有近路可走的，这句话我也不同意。投机分子走近路成功的人在人中起码占80%。但主要的区别是，他们得到的利益只是针对他们自己。你做的这些事情是只对自己有利还是你促进了这些事情的发展。这个民族最不缺的就是聪明人，最缺的就是笨人。
When you start at another university, there are two phrases you must not believe: One is, "Things in the world cannot be speculative," do not believe this, things in the world can be speculative. Another phrase is, "There are no shortcuts in the world," I also disagree with this. At least 80% of successful people are speculators who took shortcuts. But the main difference is that the benefits they gain are only for themselves. Are the things you do only beneficial to yourself, or do you promote the development of these things? The thing this nation lacks the least is smart people; what it lacks the most is foolish people.

作家刘震云面对近千名毕业生演讲 Writer Liu Zhenyun giving a speech to nearly a thousand graduates

我在北大有很多特别好的导师，我在另外一个学校也有两个特别好的导师。
I have many very good mentors at Peking University, and I also have two very good mentors at another school.

一个是我的外祖母，她是个普通的中国农村妇女，不识字，她和上个世纪同龄，1900年出生，1995年去世，活了95年。她在方圆几十里是一个明星，如果演电影她就是安吉莉娜·朱莉，如果踢足球她就是梅西，如果打篮球她就是杜兰特，如果跑步就是博尔特。但她一辈子给地主打长工。她个子只有一米五六，但是我们黄河边三里路长的麦趟子，每次割麦子时她都是头把镰。头把镰是什么？就是第一提琴手。
One is my grandmother. She was an ordinary rural woman in China, illiterate, born in 1900 and passed away in 1995, living for 95 years. She was a star within dozens of miles around. If she were in a movie, she would be Angelina Jolie; if she played soccer, she would be Messi; if she played basketball, she would be Durant; if she ran, she would be Bolt. But she worked as a long-term laborer for landlords all her life. She was only 1.56 meters tall, but when it came to the three-mile-long wheat fields by the Yellow River, she was always the first to finish harvesting. What does it mean to be the first? It means being the first violinist.

当她把麦子从这头割到那头的时候，一米七八的大汉才割在地头中间。她晚年的时候，我跟她有个炉边谈话。我说，你为什么割得比别人快？她说，我割得不比任何人快，只是割麦子我一哈下腰，就从来不直腰；因为你直一次腰你就会直十次、二十次；我无非是在别人直腰的工夫我割得比别人快一点。接着她跟我语重心长地说了句话：我是个笨人啊。这是一个伟大明星的教诲。
When she harvested the wheat from one end to the other, a man 1.78 meters tall would only be halfway through. In her later years, I had a fireside chat with her. I asked, "Why do you harvest faster than others?" She said, "I don't harvest faster than anyone else; it's just that when I bend down to harvest, I never straighten up. Because if you straighten up once, you'll straighten up ten or twenty times. I just harvest a bit faster in the time others spend straightening up." Then she earnestly told me, "I am a foolish person." This is the teaching of a great star.

我有个舅舅，是个木匠，小时候得过天花，脸上有麻子，大家叫他刘麻子。刘麻子做的箱子柜在周围四十里卖得最好。渐渐周边就没有木匠了。所有木匠都说刘麻子这个人特别毒，所有顾客都说他做的箱子柜特别好。
I have an uncle who is a carpenter. He had smallpox as a child and has pockmarks on his face, so everyone calls him Liu Pockmarked. The boxes and cabinets he made sold best within forty miles. Gradually, there were no more carpenters around. All the carpenters said Liu Pockmarked was particularly ruthless, but all the customers said his boxes and cabinets were particularly good.

他晚年时我跟他有个炉边谈话，我说：舅舅，你的同行说你毒，你的顾客说你好，你到底是什么人？他说别人说你毒，和说你好，并不能使你成为好木匠；我能成为好木匠，是因为别人打一个箱子花三天时间，我花六天时间；你只花六天时间也不是好木匠，我与别的木匠的区别是，我打心眼里喜欢做木匠。我特别喜欢做木匠活刨出的刨子花的味道；你只是喜欢做木匠活，你也当不好，我当木匠会有恍忽的时候，比如我看到一棵树，如果是松木、柏木、楠木，哪家的闺女出嫁的时候打个箱子柜该多好；如果是棵杨树，杨树是最不成材的，只能打个小板凳。他已经达到了“空即是色，色即是空”的境界。他虽然不是北大哲学系的，但已经达到了哲学系毕业的水平。
In his later years, I had a fireside chat with him. I asked, "Uncle, your peers say you are ruthless, and your customers say you are good. What kind of person are you?" He said, "Others saying you are ruthless or good doesn't make you a good carpenter. I became a good carpenter because others take three days to make a box, and I take six days. Just taking six days doesn't make you a good carpenter either. The difference between me and other carpenters is that I genuinely love being a carpenter. I especially love the smell of the shavings from planing wood. If you just like being a carpenter, you won't be good at it. When I see a tree, if it's pine, cypress, or camphor, I think how great it would be to make a box or cabinet for a girl getting married. If it's a poplar, the least useful wood, it can only be made into a small stool. He had reached the state of 'form is emptiness, emptiness is form.' Although he wasn't a philosophy graduate from Peking University, he had reached the level of a philosophy graduate.

有时候，我开车路过我们民族的马路，马路两边基本上全是杨树，因为杨树长得快。但你去像欧洲、北美那些发达国家，路两旁全是松树、椴树、楠树、橡树、白蜡。树的质量对比能代表一个民族的心态。
Sometimes, when I drive past the roads of our nation, the roadsides are mostly lined with poplar trees because they grow quickly. But if you go to developed countries like Europe and North America, the roadsides are full of pine trees, linden trees, camphor trees, oak trees, and ash trees. The quality of the trees can reflect the mindset of a nation.

所以我送在座的师妹师弟两句话：种树要种松树，做人要做刘麻子；举起你们手里的探照灯，照亮我外祖母没工夫直腰的麦田。还有一句特别重要的话，记得下次见面的时候请我吃饺子。
So I give the juniors here two pieces of advice: when planting trees, plant pine trees; when being a person, be like Liu Mazi. Raise the searchlights in your hands to illuminate the wheat fields where my grandmother doesn't have time to straighten her back. And one more very important thing, remember to treat me to dumplings the next time we meet.

编者按 Editor's Note

刘震云所说的“笨人”，就像理查德·桑内特所定义的“匠人”：专注于事物本身，“为了把事情做好而把事情做好”。陈丹青也曾讲过，“好人永远都会有，傻人也永远都会有，这叫作理想主义”。这些人是值得尊敬的。
The "foolish people" Liu Zhenyun refers to are like the "craftsmen" defined by Richard Sennett: focused on the task itself, "doing things well for the sake of doing things well." Chen Danqing also mentioned, "There will always be good people, and there will always be foolish people, this is called idealism." These people are worthy of respect.

愿我们当中能多一些“笨人”，能更有耐心（像松树而不像速成的杨树），能像刘麻子一样勤于思考、像外婆一样埋头苦干，同时保持某种责任感——“照亮麦田”。
May there be more "foolish people" among us, who are more patient (like pine trees rather than fast-growing poplars), who are diligent thinkers like Liu Mazi, who work hard like my grandmother, and who maintain a sense of responsibility—"illuminating the wheat fields."

本文由编辑整理自 北大国发院BiMBA商学院。 This article is edited and compiled from Peking University National School of Development BiMBA Business School.

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