人们越来越认识到生物膜包埋的微生物在感染传播的许多不同方面的作用。生物膜的形式包括传统的水合生物膜、堆积生物膜和干燥的表面生物膜。本文的目的是讨论传统生物膜与堆积生物膜和干表面生物膜的区别，并回顾支持 inf 的证据。↳

在我们之前的论文中，我们已经证明生物膜结构在生物膜反应器中永远不会达到稳定状态;在本文中，我们将这一事实与生物膜分离和生物膜积累的振荡模式联系起来。在一个方面，支持悬浮微生物生长的反应器和支持附着微生物生长（生物膜）的反应器是相似的：在两者中，生物质积累在↳

背景 生物膜是聚集的、基质包埋的微生物细胞群落，原则上对适当的抗生素治疗表现出高度耐受性，通常会导致治疗失败。生物膜相关感染管理的一个主要挑战是开发具有临床意义的充分、标准化的生物膜药敏试验方法，即其↳

毫无疑问，生物膜研究人员认为，生物膜结构对许多生物膜过程很重要，例如将营养物质运输到生物膜的更深层。然而，生物膜结构是一个难以捉摸的术语，只能从定性上理解，因此它不能与表征生物膜性能的任何可测量参数直接相关。将生物膜结构与↳

细菌可能隐藏在称为生物膜的水合多糖基质中。细菌生物膜的结构使吞噬作用变得困难，并增加了抗生素耐药性。我们假设重复剂量的抗生素对生物膜内的细菌有影响，并且可以抑制或根除生物膜的形成。两种临床生物膜阳性凝血酶阴性葡萄球菌

Characterization of biofilm formation and metabolic activities is critical to investigating biofilm interactions with environmental factors and illustrating biofilm regulatory mechanisms. An appropriate in vitro model that mimics biofilm in vivo habitats therefore demands accurate quantitation and investigation of biofilm-associated activities. Current methodologies commonly involve static biof↳

The technical papers published in 2019 regarding wastewater treatment and microbial films were classified into two categories: biofilm and biofilm reactors. The biofilm category includes biofilm formation, biofilm consortia, bacterial signals, biofouling, extracellular polymeric substances, and biofilm membrane bioreactors. The biofilm reactors category provides recent information on rotating b

Methods for non-invasive, in situ, measurements of biofilm optical density and biofilm optical thickness were evaluated based on Pseudomonas aeruginosa experiments. Biofilm optical density, measured as intensity reduction of a light beam transmitted through the biofilm, correlates with biofilm mass, measured as total carbon and as cell mass. The method is more sensitive and less labor intensive↳

Biofilm cells have a different physiology than planktonic cells, which has been the focus of most research. Biofilms are complex biostructures that form on any surface that comes into contact with water on a regular basis. They are dynamic, structurally complex systems having characteristics of multicellular animals and multiple ecosystems. The three themes covered in this review are biofilm ec↳

The increase in bacterial resistance caused by bacterial biofilms has received widespread attention.Anti-biofilm peptides are a class of antimicrobial peptides with unique advantages in inhibiting and killing bacterial biofilms,and are expected to become ideal new antibacterial drugs against bacterial biofilms.This paper mainly reviews how anti-biofilm peptides interact with biofilm components,

Bacterial biofilm widely exists in all kinds of bacteria, and is related to about 80 percent of bacterial infections. It is one of the main reasons for bacterial tolerance and resistance to existing antibiotics. Therefore, there is unmet clinical need for new anti-biofilm drugs. At present, there are three kinds of anti-biofilm agents under research, including biofilm inhibitors, biofilm disper

Biofilm technology is high efficient in wastewater treatment. Biofilm formation, hydrodynamics, mass transfer and reaction kinetics in biofilm reactor have been well studied. At present, the mechanism of biofilm detachment has been the least understood. However, the morphology, stability and conversion efficiency of biofilm are directly related to biofilm detachment. So the research on biofilm

The ability of bacteria to develop biofilms and its added effect on antimicrobial resistance have been a concern for both animal and human medicine. The need to understand biofilm biology has been addressed with the help of three biofilm models, i.e., in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Due to the implications of animal welfare involved in in vivo models, this article is mainly focused on in vitro