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Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public Use 1 1 ^(1){ }^{1}
公众使用游乐场设备的标准消费者安全性能规范 1 1 ^(1){ }^{1}

This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon ( ε ) ( ε ) (epsi)(\varepsilon) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
本标准以固定编号 F1487 发布;紧随名称后的数字表示最初通过的年份,或者在修订的情况下,表示最后修订的年份。括号中的数字表示上次重新批准的年份。上标 epsilon ( ε ) ( ε ) (epsi)(\varepsilon) 表示自上次修订或重新批准以来的编辑更改。

INTRODUCTION  介绍

This consumer safety performance specification establishes nationally recognized safety standards for public playground equipment to address injuries identified by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
该消费者安全性能规范制定了国家认可的公共游乐场设备安全标准,以解决美国消费品安全委员会 (CPSC) 确定的伤害问题。
During 1999 the CPSC estimated that about 156000 victims were treated in U.S. hospital emergency rooms for injuries associated with public playground equipment. About three fourths of these injuries resulted from falls, primarily to the surface on which the equipment was located. Other hazard patterns involved impact by swings and other moving equipment and contact with protrusions, crush or shear points, and sharp edges. Fatalities reported to the CPSC resulted from falls; entanglement of clothing or similar items on equipment; entanglement in ropes tied to or caught on equipment; head entrapment; impact by equipment that tipped over or otherwise failed; and impact by moving swings. This consumer safety performance specification does not eliminate the need for supervision of children on public playground equipment. It is intended to minimize the likelihood of life-threatening or debilitating injuries, such as those identified by the CPSC.
1999 年,美国消费品安全委员会估计,大约有 156,000 名受害者因公共游乐场设备造成的伤害而在美国医院急诊室接受治疗。大约四分之三的伤害是由跌倒造成的,主要是跌落到设备所在的表面。其他危险模式包括秋千和其他移动设备的撞击以及与突出物、挤压或剪切点以及锋利边缘的接触。向美国消费品安全委员会报告的死亡原因是跌倒;衣服或类似物品缠绕在设备上;被绑在设备上或卡在设备上的绳索缠住;头部被夹住;受到翻倒或其他故障的设备的影响;和移动摆动的影响。该消费者安全性能规范并不能消除在公共游乐场设备上监督儿童的需要。其目的是最大限度地减少危及生命或使人衰弱的伤害的可能性,例如 CPSC 确定的伤害。
There has been significant harmonization of this performance specification and CAN/CSA-Z614. 2 2 ^(2){ }^{2}
该性能规范与 CAN/CSA-Z614 具有显着的协调性。 2 2 ^(2){ }^{2}

1. Scope  1.范围

1.1 This consumer safety performance specification provides safety and performance standards for various types of public playground equipment and dimensional requirements for their clearance and use zones. Its purpose is to reduce life-threatening and debilitating injuries.
1.1 本消费者安全性能规范规定了各类公共游乐场设备的安全和性能标准以及其净空和使用区域的尺寸要求。其目的是减少危及生命和使人衰弱的伤害。

1.2 The range of users encompassed by this consumer safety performance specification is the 5th percentile 2 -year-old through the 95th percentile 12-year-old.
1.2 本消费者安全性能规范涵盖的用户范围为 2 岁至 95 百分位的 2 岁儿童至 95 百分位的 12 岁儿童。

1.3 Home playground equipment, toys, amusement rides, sports equipment, fitness equipment intended for users over the
1.3 供用户使用的家庭游乐场设备、玩具、游乐设施、运动器材、健身器材
age of 12, public use play equipment for children 6 to 24 months, and soft contained play equipment are not included in this specification.
12岁以下儿童、6至24个月儿童的公共使用游乐设备以及软体游乐设备不包括在本规范中。

1.4 Products or materials (site furnishings) that are installed outside the equipment use zone, such as benches, tables, independent shade structures, and borders used to contain protective surfacing, are not considered playground equipment and are not included in this specification.
1.4 安装在设备使用区之外的产品或材料(场地陈设),例如长凳、桌子、独立遮阳结构以及用于包含防护表面的边框,不被视为游乐场设备,也不包含在本规范中。

1.5 This specification does not address accessibility, except as it pertains to safety issues not covered in the DOJ 2010 Standard for Accessible Design.
1.5 本规范不涉及无障碍性,除非它涉及 DOJ 2010 年无障碍设计标准中未涵盖的安全问题。

1.6 This consumer safety performance specification includes the following sections:
1.6 本消费者安全性能规范包括以下部分:

Title  标题

Scope  范围 1
Referenced Documents  参考文件 2
Terminology  术语 3
Materials and Manufacture
材料与制造
4
General Requirements  一般要求 5
Performance Requirements  性能要求 6
Requirements for Access/Egress
出入口要求
7
Equipment  设备 8
Playground Layout  游乐场布局 9
Accessibility  无障碍 10
Installation  安装 11
Structural Integrity  结构完整性 12
Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Materials and Manufacture 4 General Requirements 5 Performance Requirements 6 Requirements for Access/Egress 7 Equipment 8 Playground Layout 9 Accessibility 10 Installation 11 Structural Integrity 12| Scope | 1 | | :--- | :---: | | Referenced Documents | 2 | | Terminology | 3 | | Materials and Manufacture | 4 | | General Requirements | 5 | | Performance Requirements | 6 | | Requirements for Access/Egress | 7 | | Equipment | 8 | | Playground Layout | 9 | | Accessibility | 10 | | Installation | 11 | | Structural Integrity | 12 |
Maintenance  维护
Signs or Labels, or Both
标志或标签,或两者兼而有之

Manufacturer Identification
制造商识别

Keywords  关键词
Figures  人物
Hazard Identification and Risk
危害识别和风险

Assessment (HIRA)  评估(HIRA)
13 14 15 16 Annex A1 Appendix X1 13 14 15 16  Annex A1   Appendix X1  {:[13],[14],[15],[16],[" Annex A1 "],[" Appendix X1 "]:}\begin{gathered} 13 \\ 14 \\ 15 \\ 16 \\ \text { Annex A1 } \\ \text { Appendix X1 } \end{gathered}
mitigate the hazards typically presented by various types of equipment. New equipment may not specifically fit into the designated types listed in the specification; however, the designer or manufacturer, or both, shall use professional judgment to perform and document a hazard analysis and follow appropriate requirements to mitigate the hazards.
减轻各种类型设备通常带来的危险。新设备可能并不特别适合规范中列出的指定类型;然而,设计者或制造商,或两者,应利用专业判断来执行和记录危害分析,并遵循适当的要求来减轻危害。
Note 1-See Appendix X1 at the end of this standard to find more information on how one might conduct such an assessment as stated in this section.
注 1 - 请参阅本标准末尾的附录 X1,以查找有关如何进行本节所述评估的更多信息。

1.7 General Measures, Tolerances, and Conversions:
1.7 一般测量、公差和换算:

1.7.1 The general tolerances for this specification (unless otherwise specified) are as follows:
1.7.1 本规范的一般公差(除非另有规定)如下:
Dimension  方面 Tolerance  宽容
X X XX in.   X X XX 在。 ± 0.5 in ± 0.5 in +-0.5in\pm 0.5 \mathrm{in}.
X . X X . X X.XX . X in.   X . X X . X X.XX . X 在。 ± 0.05 in ± 0.05 in +-0.05in\pm 0.05 \mathrm{in}.
X . X X X . X X X.XXX . X X in.   X . X X X . X X X.XXX . X X 在。 ± 0.005 in ± 0.005 in +-0.005in\pm 0.005 \mathrm{in}.
Dimension Tolerance X in. +-0.5in. X.X in. +-0.05in. X.XX in. +-0.005in.| Dimension | Tolerance | | :---: | :---: | | $X$ in. | $\pm 0.5 \mathrm{in}$. | | $X . X$ in. | $\pm 0.05 \mathrm{in}$. | | $X . X X$ in. | $\pm 0.005 \mathrm{in}$. |
These tolerances still apply to a dimension even when terms like greater than, less than, minimum, or maximum are used.
即使使用大于、小于、最小值或最大值等术语,这些公差仍然适用于尺寸。

1.7.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only.
1.7.2 以英寸-磅为单位的数值应被视为标准值。括号中给出的值是 SI 单位的数学转换,仅供参考。

1.7.3 The conversion factor from inch-pound to metric units is 1 in . = 25.4 mm 1 in . = 25.4 mm 1in.=25.4mm1 \mathrm{in} .=25.4 \mathrm{~mm}, and 1 lb = 0.45359 kg 1 lb = 0.45359 kg 1lb=0.45359kg1 \mathrm{lb}=0.45359 \mathrm{~kg}.
1.7.3 英寸-磅到公制单位的换算系数为 1 in . = 25.4 mm 1 in . = 25.4 mm 1in.=25.4mm1 \mathrm{in} .=25.4 \mathrm{~mm} , 和 1 lb = 0.45359 kg 1 lb = 0.45359 kg 1lb=0.45359kg1 \mathrm{lb}=0.45359 \mathrm{~kg}

1.7.4 See Annex A1 for figures referenced throughout this specification.
1.7.4 本规范中引用的附图请参见附录 A1。

1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题(如果有)。本标准的使用者有责任建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践,并在使用前确定监管限制的适用性。

1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织贸易技术壁垒(TBT)委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。

2. Referenced Documents  2. 参考文件

2.1 ASTM Standards: 3 3 ^(3){ }^{3}
2.1 ASTM 标准: 3 3 ^(3){ }^{3}
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness
D2240橡胶性能试验方法-计示硬度
F355 Test Method for Impact Attenuation of Playing Surface Systems, Other Protective Sport Systems, and Materials Used for Athletics, Recreation and Play
F355 比赛表面系统、其他防护运动系统以及用于体育、娱乐和游戏的材料的冲击衰减测试方法
F698 Specification for Physical Information to be Provided
F698 物理信息提供规范

for Amusement Rides and Devices (Withdrawn 2009) 4 4 ^(4){ }^{4}
游乐设施和设备(2009 年撤回) 4 4 ^(4){ }^{4}

F846 Guide for Testing Performance of Amusement Rides and Devices (Withdrawn 2013) 4 4 ^(4){ }^{4}
F846 游乐设施和设备性能测试指南(2013 年撤回) 4 4 ^(4){ }^{4}

F853 Practice for Maintenance Procedures for Amusement Rides and Devices (Withdrawn 2014) 4 4 ^(4){ }^{4}
F853 游乐设施和设备维护程序实践(2014 年撤回) 4 4 ^(4){ }^{4}

F893 Guide for Auditing Amusement Rides and Devices (Withdrawn 2013) 4 4 ^(4){ }^{4}
F893 游乐设施和设备审核指南(2013 年撤回) 4 4 ^(4){ }^{4}

F963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
F963 玩具安全消费者安全规范

F1004 Consumer Safety Specification for Expansion Gates and Expandable Enclosures
F1004 扩展门和可扩展外壳的消费者安全规范

F1148 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Home Playground Equipment
F1148 家庭游乐场设备消费者安全性能规范

F1159 Practice for Design of Amusement Rides and Devices that are Outside the Purview of Other F24 Design Standards
F1159 其他 F24 设计标准范围之外的游乐设施和设备的设计实践

F1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing Materials Within the Use Zone of Playground Equipment
F1292 游乐场设备使用区内铺面材料冲击衰减规范

F1918 Safety Performance Specification for Soft Contained Play Equipment
F1918 软体游乐设备安全性能规范

F1951 Specification for Determination of Accessibility of Surface Systems Under and Around Playground Equipment
F1951 游乐场设备下方和周围表面系统可达性测定规范

F2373 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Public Use Play Equipment for Children 6 Months through 23 Months
F2373 6 个月至 23 个月儿童公共使用游乐设备的消费者安全性能规范

F3313 Test Method for Determining Impact Attenuation of Playground Surfaces Within the Use Zone of Playground Equipment as Tested in the Field
F3313 现场测试的确定游乐场设备使用区内游乐场表面冲击衰减的测试方法

F3351 Test Method for Playground Surface Impact Testing in Laboratory at Specified Test Height
F3351 在实验室指定测试高度进行游乐场表面冲击测试的测试方法

2.2 ANSI Standards: 5 5 ^(5){ }^{5}
2.2 ANSI标准: 5 5 ^(5){ }^{5}
ANSI Z535.1 Safety Color Code
ANSI Z535.1 安全颜色代码

ANSI Z535.2 Environmental and Facility Safety Signs
ANSI Z535.2 环境和设施安全标志

ANSI Z535.4 Products Safety—Signs and Labels
ANSI Z535.4 产品安全 — 标志和标签

2.3 Federal Standards: 6 6 ^(6){ }^{6}
2.3 联邦标准: 6 6 ^(6){ }^{6}

16 CFR Part 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint
16 CFR Part 1303 禁止含铅涂料和某些含有含铅涂料的消费品

16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, including Sections:
16 CFR 1500 有害物质法法规,包括以下部分:

1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under 8 Years of Age
1500.48 确定供 8 岁以下儿童使用的玩具和其他物品中尖端的技术要求

1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under 8 Years of Age
1500.49 测定供 8 岁以下儿童使用的玩具和其他物品中锋利金属或玻璃边缘的技术要求

16 CFR Section 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under 3 Years of Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts
16 CFR 第 1501 节用于识别供 3 岁以下儿童使用的玩具和其他物品(因小部件而存在窒息、吸入或吞咽危险)的方法
DOJ 2010 Standard for Accessible Design United States Department of Justice (DOJ) 2010 Standard for Accessible Design: Title II (28 CFR 35) and Title III (28 CFR 36) 7 7 ^(7){ }^{7}
DOJ 2010 年无障碍设计标准 美国司法部 (DOJ) 2010 年无障碍设计标准:Title II (28 CFR 35) 和 Title III (28 CFR 36) 7 7 ^(7){ }^{7}

2.4 UL Standard: 8 8 ^(8){ }^{8}
2.4 UL标准: 8 8 ^(8){ }^{8}
UL 969 Standard for Safety: Marking and Labeling Systems
UL 969 安全标准:标记和标签系统

2.5 CSA Standard: 9 9 ^(9){ }^{9}
2.5 CSA标准: 9 9 ^(9){ }^{9}
CAN/CSA-Z614 Children’s Playspaces and Equipment
CAN/CSA-Z614 儿童游乐空间和设备

3. Terminology  3. 术语

3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1 本标准专用术语定义:

3.1.1 accessible, adj-relating to a part or portion of the playground equipment that (1) can be contacted by any body part or (2) is approachable or usable, or both, by persons with disabilities.
3.1.1 可访问的,形容词-与游乐场设备的一部分或部分有关,(1)可以被任何身体部位接触到,或(2)残疾人可以接近或使用,或两者兼而有之。

3.1.2 accessible playground, n n nn-playground equipment area, that, when viewed in its entirety, may be approached, and entered and provides a range of play opportunities and experiences to users of varying abilities.
3.1.2 无障碍游乐场, n n nn -游乐场设备区域,从整体上看,可以接近和进入,并为不同能力的用户提供一系列的游戏机会和体验。

3.1.3 accessible route, n n nn-pathway specifically designed to provide access for individuals with disabilities, including those using wheelchairs or mobility devices.
3.1.3 无障碍路线, n n nn - 专门为残疾人(包括使用轮椅或移动设备的人)提供通道的通道。

3.1.4 adjacent platforms, n n nn-two platforms having a common vertical plane with some deviation in their height.
3.1.4 相邻站台, n n nn -两个平台具有共同的垂直平面,但高度存在一定偏差。

3.1.5 climbing net structure, n-playground climbing devices made of flexible components arranged in either a 2-dimensional grid or a 3-dimensional matrix.
3.1.5 攀爬网结构,由排列成二维网格或三维矩阵的柔性组件制成的n个游乐场攀爬装置。

3.1.5.1 Discussion-See Fig. A1.53 for examples of climbing net structures.
3.1.5.1 讨论——攀爬网结构示例见图A1.53。

3.1.6 completely bounded opening, n n nn-any opening in a piece of play equipment that is totally enclosed by boundaries on all sides so that the perimeter of the opening is continuous.
3.1.6 完全有界开口, n n nn - 游乐设施上的任何开口,其所有侧面均被边界完全封闭,使得开口的周边是连续的。

3.1.7 component, n n nn-of a play structure, any portion thereof that generates specific activity and cannot stand alone.
3.1.7 组件, n n nn -游戏结构中产生特定活动且不能单独存在的任何部分。

3.1.8 composite play structure, n n nn-two or more play structures attached or functionally linked, to create one integral unit that provides more than one play activity; an example is a combination climber, slide, and horizontal ladder.
3.1.8 复合游乐结构, n n nn -两个或多个游戏结构相连或在功能上相连,以创建一个提供不止一种游戏活动的完整单元;一个例子是组合式攀登器、滑梯和水平梯。

3.1.9 crush and shear point, n n nn-juncture at which the user could suffer contusion, laceration, abrasion, amputation, or fracture during use of the playground equipment.
3.1.9 压碎点和剪切点, n n nn -使用者在使用游乐场设备时可能遭受挫伤、撕裂、擦伤、截肢或骨折的部位。

3.1.10 designated play surface, n n nn-any elevated surface for standing, walking, sitting, or climbing, or a flat surface accessible for play by children that measures more than 2.0 in. ( 51 mm ) wide by 2.0 in . ( 51 mm ) 2.0 in . ( 51 mm ) 2.0in.(51mm)2.0 \mathrm{in}.(51 \mathrm{~mm}) long having less than 30 30 30^(@)30^{\circ} angle from horizontal.
3.1.10 指定的比赛场地, n n nn - 用于站立、行走、坐下或攀爬的任何高架表面,或供儿童玩耍且宽度超过 2.0 英寸(51 毫米)的平坦表面 2.0 in . ( 51 mm ) 2.0 in . ( 51 mm ) 2.0in.(51mm)2.0 \mathrm{in}.(51 \mathrm{~mm}) 长期小于 30 30 30^(@)30^{\circ} 与水平面的角度。

3.1.10.1 Discussion—See 6.7.
3.1.10.1 讨论——见 6.7。

3.1.11 embankment slide, n n nn-a slide that follows the contour of the ground and at no point is the bottom of the slide chute greater than 12 in . ( 305 mm 12 in . ( 305 mm 12in.(305mm12 \mathrm{in}.(305 \mathrm{~mm} ) above the surrounding ground surface.
3.1.11 路堤滑坡, n n nn - 沿着地面轮廓的滑梯,并且滑梯滑道的底部在任何时候都不会大于 12 in . ( 305 mm 12 in . ( 305 mm 12in.(305mm12 \mathrm{in}.(305 \mathrm{~mm} )高于周围地面。
3.1.12 enclosed swing seat, n n nn-suspended device upon which a user sits which has nonremovable supports on all sides and between the legs of a user. The supports are intended to prevent a user from falling out of the device while it is in motion.
3.1.12 封闭式秋千座椅, n n nn -用户坐于其上的悬挂装置,其在用户的所有侧面和两腿之间具有不可拆卸的支撑。这些支撑件旨在防止用户在设备运动时从设备上跌落。

3.1.13 entanglement, n n nn-condition in which the user’s clothes or something around the user’s neck becomes caught or entwined on a component of playground equipment.
3.1.13 纠缠, n n nn -使用者的衣服或使用者脖子上的东西被游乐场设备的部件卡住或缠绕的情况。

3.1.14 entrapment, n n nn-any condition which impedes withdrawal of a body or body part that has penetrated an opening.
3.1.14 诱捕, n n nn -任何阻碍身体或身体部位穿过开口撤出的情况。

3.1.15 fall height, n n nn —vertical distance between a designated play surface and the protective surfacing beneath it.
3.1.15 坠落高度, n n nn ——指定的游戏场地与其下方的保护面之间的垂直距离。

3.1.16 flexible component, n n nn-any part of the playground equipment that changes its shape when in use; examples include the tire net, the cargo net, and the log bridge.
3.1.16 柔性组件, n n nn - 游乐场设备在使用时会改变形状的任何部分;例如轮胎网、货物网和独木桥。

3.1.17 functionally linked play structure, n n nn-play structure that acts as a single unit in its physical form or sense of function as continuous play even if the components are not physically attached.
3.1.17 功能上相连的游戏结构, n n nn - 游戏结构在其物理形式或功能意义上充当单个单元,作为连续游戏,即使组件没有物理连接。

3.1.18 g, n n nn-acceleration due to gravity at the earth’s surface at sea level ( 32 ft / s 2 ( 9.8 m / s 2 ) 32 ft / s 2 9.8 m / s 2 32ft//s^(2)(9.8(m)//s^(2))32 \mathrm{ft} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\left(9.8 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\right) ).
3.1.18克, n n nn - 海平面地球表面重力引起的加速度( 32 ft / s 2 ( 9.8 m / s 2 ) 32 ft / s 2 9.8 m / s 2 32ft//s^(2)(9.8(m)//s^(2))32 \mathrm{ft} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\left(9.8 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\right) )。

3.1.19 guardrail, n n nn-device around an elevated surface that prevents inadvertent falls from the elevated surface.
3.1.19护栏, n n nn -高架表面周围的装置,可防止从高架表面意外跌落。

3.1.20 handrail, n n nn —rigid linear device, following the path of access or egress, that when grasped, provides balance and support in maintaining a specific body posture.
3.1.20 扶手, n n nn —刚性线性装置,沿着出入路径,当抓住时,提供平衡和支撑以保持特定的身体姿势。

3.1.21 head injury criteria (HIC), n-a measure of impact severity that considers the duration over which the most critical section of the deceleration pulse persists as well as the peak level of deceleration.
3.1.21 头部受伤标准(HIC),冲击严重程度的衡量标准,考虑减速脉冲最关键部分持续的持续时间以及减速峰值水平。

3.1.22 maximum user, n n nn-12-year-old child; measurement characteristics are the 95th percentile values for combined sexes.
3.1.22 最大用户, n n nn -12岁儿童;测量特征是混合性别的第 95 个百分位值。

3.1.23 minimum user, n n nn-a 2-year-old child; measurement characteristics are the 5th percentile values for combined sexes.
3.1.23 最小用户, n n nn - 2岁儿童;测量特征是混合性别的第 5 个百分位值。

3.1.24 partially bounded opening, n n nn-any opening in a piece of play equipment that is not totally enclosed by boundaries on all sides so that the perimeter of the opening is discontinuous.
3.1.24 部分有界开口, n n nn - 游乐设施上的任何开口,其所有侧面均未完全被边界封闭,因此开口的周边不连续。

3.1.25 platform, n n nn-flat surface, intended for more than one user to stand, and upon which the user(s) can move freely.
3.1.25平台, n n nn -平坦的表面,可供多名用户站立,并且用户可以在其上自由移动。

3.1.26 play structure, n n nn-free standing structure with one or more components and their supporting members.
3.1.26 游戏结构, n n nn -具有一个或多个部件及其支撑构件的独立式结构。

3.1.27 preventive maintenance, n n nn-planned program of inspections and maintenance intended to keep equipment functioning properly and to forestall equipment failures.
3.1.27 预防性维护, n n nn - 计划的检查和维护计划,旨在保持设备正常运行并预防设备故障。

3.1.28 professional judgment, n n nn-ability of a qualified person in the field of playgrounds/playground equipment design, use, or operations, to render an opinion, decision, or both, concerning a matter within that field of expertise.
3.1.28 专业判断, n n nn - 游乐场/游乐场设备设计、使用或操作领域的合格人员就该专业领域内的事项提出意见、决定或两者的能力。

3.1.29 projection, n n nn-condition which, due to its physical nature, must be tested to the requirements of this standard to determine whether it is a protrusion or entanglement hazard, or both.
3.1.29 投影, n n nn - 由于其物理性质,必须根据本标准的要求进行测试以确定其是否是突出危险或缠绕危险,或两者兼而有之。

  1. 1 1 ^(1){ }^{1} This consumer safety performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.29 on Playground Equipment for Public Use.
    1 1 ^(1){ }^{1} 本消费者安全性能规范由 ASTM 消费品委员会 F15 管辖,并由公共游乐场设备分委员会 F15.29 直接负责。
    Current edition approved May 1, 2021. Published May 2021. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F1487-17. DOI: 10.1520/F1487-21.
    当前版本于 2021 年 5 月 1 日批准。2021 年 5 月发布。最初于 1993 年批准。上一版本于 2017 年批准为 F1487-17。 DOI:10.1520/F1487-21。

    2 2 ^(2){ }^{2} Certain material within this document ASTM F1487, 2021 Edition, is reproduced from CAN/CSA-Z614-14 (R2019) Children’s playspaces and equipment, copyright 2014 CSA Group with permission. This material is taken from the CSA Group standard and may not be in the same context as that standard. This material may include revisions by ASTM. The edition as revised shall be the full responsibility of ASTM. CSA Group cannot be responsible for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of or reliance on this document.
    2 2 ^(2){ }^{2} 本文件 ASTM F1487 2021 年版中的某些材料转载自 CAN/CSA-Z614-14 (R2019) 儿童游乐空间和设备,版权所有 2014 CSA Group 并获得许可。本材料取自 CSA 集团标准,可能与该标准不在同一上下文中。本材料可能包含 ASTM 的修订。修订后的版本由 ASTM 承担全部责任。 CSA 集团不对因发布、使用或依赖本文件而直接或间接造成的任何性质的任何人身伤害、财产或其他损害负责,无论是特殊的、间接的、后果性的或补偿性的。
  2. 3 3 ^(3){ }^{3} For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service @astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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  3. 4 4 ^(4){ }^{4} The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
    4 4 ^(4){ }^{4} www.astm.org上引用了该历史标准的最新批准版本。

    5 5 ^(5){ }^{5} Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W .43 rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
    5 5 ^(5){ }^{5} 可从美国国家标准协会 (ANSI) 获取,地址:25 W .43 rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org

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  4. 7 7 ^(7){ }^{7} Available free at: http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/ADAregs2010.htm.
    7 7 ^(7){ }^{7} 免费提供:http: //www.ada.gov/regs2010/ADAregs2010.htm

    8 8 ^(8){ }^{8} Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), UL Headquarters, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL, 60062, http://www.ul.com.
    8 8 ^(8){ }^{8} 可从 Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 购买,地址:UL 总部,333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL, 60062, http://www.ul.com

    9 9 ^(9){ }^{9} Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, ON M9W 1R3, Canada, http://www.csagroup.org.
    9 9 ^(9){ }^{9} 可从加拿大标准协会 (CSA) 获取,地址:178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, ON M9W 1R3, Canada,http: //www.csagroup.org