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A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines.[1]
四行詩是一種詩節或一首完整的詩，由四行組成。[1]
Existing in a variety of forms, the quatrain appears in poems from the poetic traditions of various ancient civilizations including Persia, Ancient India, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, and China, and continues into the 21st century,[1] where it is seen in works published in many languages.
四行詩以多種形式存在，出現在各種古代文明的詩歌傳統中，包括波斯、古印度、古希臘、古羅馬和中國，並一直持續到 21 世紀，[1] 在以多種語言出版的作品中可以看到它的身影。
This form of poetry has been continually popular in Iran since the medieval period, as Ruba'is form; an important faction of the vast repertoire of Persian poetry, with famous poets such as Omar Khayyam and Mahsati Ganjavi of Seljuk Persia writing poetry only in this format.
自中世紀以來，這種形式的詩歌在伊朗一直很受歡迎，如 Ruba'is 形式;波斯詩歌龐大曲目中的一個重要派別，塞爾柱波斯的奧瑪律·海亞姆 （Omar Khayyam） 和馬赫薩蒂·甘賈維 （Mahsati Ganjavi） 等著名詩人僅以這種形式創作詩歌。
Michel de Nostredame (Nostradamus) used the quatrain form to deliver his famous "prophecies" in the 16th century.
蜜雪兒·德·諾斯特雷達姆 （Nostradamus） 在 16 世紀使用四行詩形式來傳達他著名的“預言”。
There are fifteen possible rhyme schemes, but the most traditional and common are ABAA, AAAA, ABAB, and ABBA.
有 15 種可能的押韻方案，但最傳統和最常見的是 ABAA、AAAA、ABAB和 ABBA。
Forms
形式
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亨里克·皮卡特 （Henric Piccardt） 的肖像。皮埃爾·蘭德里 （Pierre Landry） 於 1672 年在尼古拉斯·梅斯 （Nicolaes Maes） 的一幅遺失畫作之後雕刻。
Under the portrait, a quatrain by Guy Patin.
肖像下方是蓋伊·帕廷 （Guy Patin） 的四行詩。
- The heroic stanza or elegiac stanza consists of the iambic pentameter, with the rhyme scheme of ABAB.
英雄節或挽歌節由iambic五音節組成，押韻方案為ABAB。
An example can be found in the following of Thomas Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard".
一個例子可以在湯瑪斯·格雷 （Thomas Gray） 的“寫在鄉村教堂墓地的挽歌”中找到。
The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,
宵禁敲響了離別日的鐘聲，
The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea,
低沉的牛群風緩緩地吹過 lea，
The plowman homeward plods his weary way,
農夫疲憊不堪地回家，
And leaves the world to darkness and to me.
把世界留給黑暗和我。
- The hymnal stanza consists of alternating rhymes with the iambic trimeter and the iambic tetrameter, with a rhyme scheme of ABCB.
讚美詩節由與抑揚格三音節和iambic 四音節交替押韻組成，押韻方案為ABCB。
An example can be found in Robert Burns, "A Red, Red Rose".[2]
一個例子可以在 Robert Burns 的“A Red， Red Rose”中找到。[2]
O, my luve’s like a red, red rose,
哦，我的 luve 就像一朵紅玫瑰，
That's newly sprung in June;
這是 6 月新出現的;
O, my luve’s like the melodie
哦，我的 luve 就像旋律
That's sweetly played in tune.
這首歌的音調很甜美。
- The memoriam stanza consists of the iambic tetrameter and a rhyme scheme of ABBA.
紀念節由iambic 四音節和ABBA的押韻方案組成。
An example can be found in Alfred Lord Tennyson's "In Memoriam A.H.H.".[3]
一個例子可以在阿爾弗雷德·丁尼生勳爵 （Alfred Lord Tennyson） 的“紀念 A.H.H.”中找到。[3]
So word by word, and line by line,
所以一個字一個字，一行一行，
The dead man touch’d me from the past,
死人觸碰了過去的我，
And all at once it seem’d at last
突然之間，它似乎終於
The living soul was flash’d on mine.
那個活生生的靈魂閃到了我的身上。
- An envelope stanza is when the same stanza starts and ends a poem with little change of wording, although this term is also used on stanzas that have a symmetrical rhyme scheme of ABBA.
信封節是指同一節開始和結束一首詩，措辭幾乎沒有變化，儘管這個術語也用於具有 ABBA 對稱押韻方案的節。
An example can be found in William Blake's "The Tyger". (These are the first and last stanzas of the poem) [4]
一個例子可以在 William Blake 的 “The Tyger” 中找到。（這些是這首詩的第一節和最後一節）[4]
Tyger Tyger, burning bright,
泰格·泰格，燃燒著光芒，
In the forests of the night;
在黑夜的森林裡;
What immortal hand or eye,
多麼不朽的手或眼睛，
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?
能框定你可怕的對稱嗎？
...
Tyger Tyger burning bright,
泰格 泰格 燃燒著光芒，
In the forests of the night:
在黑夜的森林中：
What immortal hand or eye,
多麼不朽的手或眼睛，
Dare frame thy fearful symmetry
敢於構建你可怕的對稱
- The ballad stanza consists of the iambic tetrameter with a rhyme scheme of ABCB (see ballad stanza for more details).[5]
民謠節由iambic四音節和ABCB的押韻方案組成（有關詳細資訊，請參閱民謠節）。[5]
An example can be found in “La Belle Dame sans Merci” by John Keats.[6]
一個例子可以在 John Keats 的 “La Belle Dame sans Merci” 中找到。[6]
I saw pale kings and princes too,
我也看到了蒼白的國王和王子，
Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;
他們都是蒼白的戰士，都是死去的蒼白;
They cried—‘La Belle Dame sans Merci
他們喊道——『La Belle Dame sans Merci
Thee hath in thrall!’
你受奴役了！
- The Ruba'i form of rhymed quatrain was favored by Persian-language poet Omar Khayyám, among others. This work was a major inspiration for Edward FitzGerald's Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. The ruba'i was a particularly widespread verse form: the form rubaiyat reflects the plural. One of FitzGerald's verses[7] may serve to illustrate:
押韻四行詩的 Ruba'i 形式受到波斯語詩人 Omar Khayyám 等人的青睞。這部作品是愛德華·菲茨傑拉德 （Edward FitzGerald） 的《奧瑪律·海亞姆的魯拜亞特》（Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam） 的主要靈感來源。ruba'i 是一種特別普遍的詩歌形式：rubaiyat 形式反映了複數形式。菲茨傑拉德的一句詩[7] 可以用來說明：
Come, fill the Cup, and in the fire of Spring
Your Winter garment of Repentance fling:
The Bird of Time has but a little way
To flutter—and the Bird is on the Wing.
- The Midnight Songs poetry form is from Fourth Century China, consisting of regular five-character lines, with each quatrain formed from a pair of rhymed couplets. The person matter involves the personal thoughts and feelings of a courtesan during the four seasons, into which the quatrains are individually assigned.
- Shairi (also known as Rustavelian Quatrain) is an AAAA rhyming form used mainly in The Knight in the Panther's Skin.
- The Shichigon-zekku form used on Classical Chinese poetry and Japanese poetry. This type of quatrain uses a seven-character line length. Both rhyme and rhythm are key elements, although the former is not restricted to falling at the end of the phrase.
- Ballad meter (The examples from "The Unquiet Grave" and "The Wife of Usher's Well" are both examples of ballad meter.)
- Decasyllabic quatrain used by John Dryden in Annus Mirabilis, William Davenant in Gondibert, and Thomas Gray
- Various hymns employ specific forms, such as the common meter, long meter, and short meter.
- In the Malay tradition, syair, pantun and pantoum are arranged in quatrains.
See also
另請參閱
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Notes
筆記
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- ^ Jump up to: a b "Definition and Examples of Literary Terms". Literary Devices. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
- ^ "A Red, Red Rose". Poetry foundation. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
- ^ "Prosody, In Memoriam Stanza". Britannica. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
- ^ "The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
- ^ "Ballad". Litcharts. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
- ^ "Definition of Ballad". Literary Devices. Literary Devices, Terms, and Elements. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
- ^ Verse VII, see Rubaiyat version at Wikisource