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European Rewilding Network welcomes projects from the UK, Lithuania & Denmark
欧洲再野化网络欢迎来自英国、立陶宛和丹麦的项目
Paragraph 1 Rewilding Europe is delighted to welcome four new members – one from Denmark, one from Lithuania, and two from the United Kingdom – to the European Rewilding Network (ERN). Displaying impressive growth since its launch at WILD10 in Salamanca in October 2013, the network now comprises 61 members from 26 European countries (including Rewilding Europe’s eight operational areas). Here is a little background information on each of these valuable projects.
第 1 段 欧洲再野化 很高兴欢迎四名新成员加入欧洲再野化网络 （ERN） - 一名来自丹麦，一名来自立陶宛，两名来自英国。自 2013 年 10 月在萨拉曼卡的 WILD10 上启动以来，该网络显示出令人印象深刻的增长，现在由来自 26 个欧洲国家（包括 Rewilding Europe 的八个运营区域）的 61 名成员组成。以下是这些有价值的项目的一些背景信息。
Wild Ennerdale (UK)
Wild Ennerdale （英国）
Paragraph 2 Lying on the north-western edge of the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, the Ennerdale Valley boasts some of England’s most vibrant natural environments. It is also home to one of the longest running ecological restoration projects in the UK, with the Wild Ennerdale partnership allowing the landscape here to evolve naturally with decreasing human intervention.
第 2 段 恩纳代尔山谷位于坎布里亚郡湖区国家公园的西北边缘， 拥有英格兰最具生机的自然环境。 它也是英国运行时间最长的生态恢复项目之一的所在地， 与 Wild Ennerdale 的合作伙伴关系使这里的景观能够在减少人为干预的情况下自然发展。
Paragraph 3 The 17-year-old partnership, one of the UK’s largest wild land partnerships, is a collaboration between people and organisations led by The National Trust, The Forestry Commission and United Utilities (as the primary landowners in the valley), and Natural England, the British government’s advisor on the environment.
第 3 段 这个拥有 17 年历史的伙伴关系是英国最大的荒野土地伙伴关系之一，是由国民信托、林业委员会和联合公用事业公司（作为山谷的主要土地所有者）和英国政府环境顾问自然英格兰领导的个人和组织之间的合作。
Paragraph 4 The aim of the partnership is to shift focus from piecemeal land ownership to a pioneering, one-valley, landscape-scale approach. This innovative way of land management blurs the boundaries between forestry and farming. The partnership is also a showcase for promoting natural river hydrology, with the River Liza, which flows through the valley, representing one of England’s most naturally dynamic river systems.
第 4 段 合作伙伴关系的目标是将重点从零碎的土地所有权转移到开创性的、单一山谷、景观规模的方法。这种创新的土地管理方式模糊了林业和农业之间的界限。该合作伙伴关系也是促进自然河流水文学的展示，流经山谷的 Liza 河是英格兰最具自然活力的河流系统之一。
Restoring the Caledonian Forest (UK)
恢复喀里多尼亚森林（英国）
Paragraph 5 The Caledonian Forest is recognised as a unique Scottish habitat. The forest includes a diverse range of trees, including pine, aspen, willow and birch. The forest supports a population of flora and fauna that is of global significance. The Trees for Life project is currently engaged in restoring the forest at a landscape scale. This is being done by excluding deer to allow natural regeneration, and by planting trees where natural regeneration is not possible. Since the project began, a research team led by Paul Stewart at Glasgow University found that over 1.5 million trees had been planted, while large areas of Glen Affric and Dundreggan have been restored through natural regeneration, largely by using fencing to temporarily prevent grazing.
第 5 段 喀里多尼亚森林 被公认为独特的苏格兰栖息地。森林包括各种各样的树木，包括松树、白杨、柳树和桦树。这片森林养育着具有全球意义的动植物种群。 Trees for Life 项目目前正在从事景观规模的森林恢复工作。 这是通过排除鹿以允许自然再生，并在无法自然再生的地方种植树木来实现的。自该项目开始以来，由格拉斯哥大学 Paul Stewart 领导的一个研究小组发现，已经种植了超过 150 万棵树，而 Glen Affric 和 Dundreggan 的大面积则通过自然再生得到了恢复，主要是通过使用围栏暂时防止放牧。
Paragraph 6 Fencing deer out of areas on the periphery of existing remnants of forest allows seedlings to grow naturally to maturity. This is the simplest and best method of regenerating the forest, as it involves the minimum of intervention and allows nature to do most of the work. Once the forest has regenerated, deer populations can be allowed access once again. As in other areas where rewilding is taking place, they will then start to boost local biodiversity through their grazing. Red squirrels have also been translocated from population strongholds to areas they cannot colonise naturally, helping to secure the future of this iconic forest species in Scotland.
第 6 段 将鹿围在现有森林遗迹的外围区域之外，可以让幼苗自然生长到成熟。这是恢复森林的最简单和最好的方法，因为它涉及最少的干预，并允许大自然完成大部分工作。一旦森林再生，就可以再次允许鹿群进入。与其他正在进行再野化的地区一样，它们将开始通过放牧来促进当地的生物多样性。红松鼠也已从种群据点转移到它们无法自然定居的地区，这有助于确保这一标志性森林物种在苏格兰的未来。
Managing human coexistence with natural processes in the Nemunas Delta (Lithuania)
管理内穆纳斯三角洲（立陶宛）的人类与自然过程的共存
Paragraph 7 The Nemunas Delta region, which is still intensively farmed, is famous for its diverse and abundant birdlife. Ensuring that land management activities are adjusted to natural processes is a key factor in keeping the area as wild as it can be. In areas which are farmed, the Nemunas Delta project works closely with local residents to encourage environmentally friendly practices that are closer to natural ecosystem dynamics (such as cutting down plants rather than using chemical weed killer, and natural water level control). Extensive communication is carried out with farmers to increase their pride, common ownership and responsibility for wild nature. At a more specific level, the project is working to increase the local aquatic warbler bird population and develop nature-based tourism. By 2014, Scott Johnson, a researcher based in Lithuania, found that the bird population had increased by around 25%.
第 7 段 内穆纳斯三角洲地区仍然采用集约化养殖，以其多样化和丰富的鸟类而闻名。确保土地管理活动适应自然过程是保持该地区尽可能野生的关键因素。在耕地 ，Nemunas Delta 项目与当地居民密切合作，鼓励更接近自然生态系统动态的环保做法（例如砍伐植物而不是使用化学除草剂，以及自然水位控制）。与农民进行广泛的沟通，以提高他们对野生自然的自豪感、共同的所有权和责任感。在更具体的层面上，该项目正在努力增加当地的水生莺鸟数量并发展以自然为基础的旅游业。到 2014 年，立陶宛的研究员斯科特·约翰逊 （Scott Johnson） 发现，鸟类数量增加了约 25%。
Reintroducing moose to Lille Vildmose (Denmark)
将驼鹿重新引入 Lille Vildmose（丹麦）
Paragraph 8 The Aalborg municipality, Aage V. Jensens Nature Foundation and Danish Nature Agency are currently overseeing a large rewilding project in Lille Vildmose in northern Denmark. ‘Lille Vildmose’, meaning ‘little wild bog on the heath’, is the largest remaining raised bog in Northern Europe and Denmark’s most extensive protected region.
第 8 段 奥尔堡市政府、 Aage V. Jensens 自然基金会 和丹麦自然局目前正在监督丹麦北部 Lille Vildmose 的一个大型野化再野化项目 。“Lille Vildmose”，意思是“荒地上的小野生沼泽”，是北欧现存最大的凸起沼泽，也是丹麦最广泛的保护区。
Paragraph 9 The aim of the project is to rehabilitate the natural bog here to its original state and boost local biodiversity by restoring natural hydrology and reintroducing moose and red deer. Until 2007, before the project began, the bog had been drained and the site used for agriculture. While restoration of the bog is a slow process (it will take centuries before it is brought back into natural balance), various activities carried out now can create favourable conditions for the natural restoration process to take effect.
第 9 段 该项目的目的是通过恢复自然水文和重新引入驼鹿和马鹿，将这里的天然沼泽恢复到原始状态并促进当地生物多样性。直到 2007 年，在项目开始之前，沼泽已经被排干，该场地被用于农业。虽然沼泽的恢复是一个缓慢的过程（需要几个世纪才能恢复自然平衡），但现在进行的各种活动可以为自然恢复过程的生效创造有利条件。
Paragraph 10 In November 2015, after being absent from Denmark for millennia, five moose calves arrived in Lille Vildmose. These have now successfully bred and two more calves have been added to the herd. The moose were reintroduced to help maintain the bog, in conjunction with the area’s red deer. As natural tree trimmers, the effect of the moose on the bog’s birch trees is already evident.
第 10 段 2015 年 11 月， 在离开丹麦数千年后，五头驼鹿幼崽抵达里尔维尔德摩斯。这些现在已经成功繁殖，牛群中又增加了两头小牛。驼鹿被重新引入以帮助维护沼泽，并与该地区的马鹿一起。作为天然的树木修剪器，驼鹿对沼泽白桦树的影响已经很明显。
Paragraph 11 Rewilding Europe is part of a burgeoning pan-European rewilding movement which has seen many impressive and inspiring initiatives develop over recent years. With rewilding-related projects continuing to multiply and flourish across the continent, the objective of the European Rewilding Network (ERN) is to connect, support and strengthen them. It is therefore hugely gratifying to witness its continued expansion.
第 11 段 Rewilding Europe 是蓬勃发展的泛欧洲再野化运动的一部分，近年来该运动取得了许多令人印象深刻和鼓舞人心的举措。随着与再野化相关的项目在整个非洲大陆继续成倍增加和蓬勃发展，欧洲再野化网络 （ERN） 的目标是 连接、支持和加强它们。 因此，见证其持续扩张是非常令人欣慰的。
Paragraph 12 The ERN operates on a stronger together philosophy, promoting rewilding as a conservation approach. Members meet regularly – usually via online based seminars and the recently launched ERN Forum – to share knowledge, insight and examples of best practice. Most members are currently working on the large-scale rehabilitation of natural processes in different habitats such as rivers, forests and mosaic landscapes, the development of nature-based enterprises, and the reintroduction of locally extinct or endangered key wildlife species.
第 12 段 ERN 以更强大的团结理念运作，将再野化作为一种保护方法进行推广。成员定期开会 – 通常通过在线研讨会和最近推出的 ERN 论坛 – 分享知识、见解和最佳实践示例。大多数成员目前正致力于在不同栖息地（如河流、森林和马赛克景观）中大规模恢复自然过程，发展基于自然的企业，以及重新引入当地已灭绝或濒危的关键野生动物物种。
Source:
源：
Allen, D. (2017) ‘European Rewilding Network welcome projects from the UK, Lithuania and Denmark. Rewilding Europe [Online] Available at: https://rewildingeurope.com/news/european-rewilding-network-welcomes-projects-from-the-uk-lithuania-denmark/ [Last Accessed 23.5.19]
Allen， D. （2017） “欧洲再野化网络欢迎来自英国、立陶宛和丹麦的项目。Rewilding Europe [在线]可在：https://rewildingeurope.com/news/european-rewilding-network-welcomes-projects-from-the-uk-lithuania-denmark/ [最后访问时间 23.5.19]
