NATIONAL SAMPLE CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE 2019/20 2019/20 年全国农业抽样普查
KEY FINDINGS REPORT 主要结论报告
August 2021
The United Republic of Tanzania 坦桑尼亚联合共和国
National Sample Census of Agriculture 2019/20 2019/20 年全国农业抽样普查
Key Findings Report 主要结论报告
August 2021 2021 年 8 月
WORLD BANK 世界银行
Table of Content 目录
List of Tables ..... iii 表格清单 ..... iii
List of Figures ..... iv 图表目录 ..... iv
Acronyms ..... 缩略语 .....
Foreword ..... vi 前言 ..... vi
Acknowledgements. ..... vii 致谢。..... vii
Concepts and Definitions ..... viii 概念和定义 ..... viii
1.0 Introduction. ..... 1 1.0 导言。.....1
1.1 Objectives of the Census ..... 1 1.1 普查目的 .....1
1.2 Reference Period ..... 2 1.2 参照期 .....2
1.3 Confidentiality ..... 2 1.3 保密性 .....2
2.0 Census Implementation ..... 3 2.0 普查实施 .....3
2.1 Sampling. ..... 3 2.1 采样。.....3
2.2 Questionnaires. ..... 3 2.2 问卷调查。.....3
2.3 Listing ..... 3 2.3 列表 .....3
2.4 Pilot Test. ..... 3 2.4 试点测试。.....3
2.5 Recruitment and Training. ..... 4 2.5 招聘和培训。.....4
2.6 Data Collection and Processing ..... 4 2.6 数据收集和处理 .....4
3.0 Key Findings ..... 5 3.0 主要结论 .....5
3.1 Household Agricultural Activities ..... 5 3.1 家庭农业活动 .....5
3.1.1 Agricultural Households Trend for 2002/03, 2007/08 and 2019/20 Agriculture 3.1.1 2002/03、2007/08 和 2019/20 年农户趋势 农业
Censuses ..... 6 人口普查 .....6
3.2 Crop Production ..... 6 3.2 农作物生产 .....6
3.2.1 Production of Major Cereals ..... 6 3.2.1 主要谷物产量 .....6
3.2.2 Production of Major Roots and Tubers Crops. ..... 7 3.2.2 主要根茎作物的生产。.....7
3.2.3 Production of Major Pulses. ..... 8 3.2.3 主要豆类的生产。.....8
3.2.4 Production of Major Oil Seeds and Nuts. ..... 9 3.2.4 主要油料种子和坚果的生产。.....9
3.2.5 Production of Major Cash Crops ..... 10 3.2.5 主要经济作物产量 .....10
3.2.6 Trend of Crop Production for 2002/03, 2007/08 and 2019/20 Agriculture Censuses ..... 11 3.2.6 2002/03、2007/08 和 2019/20 农业普查的作物产量趋势 .....11
3.2.7 Irrigation Farming ..... 13 3.2.7 灌溉农业 .....13
3.2.8 Seed Use ..... 13 3.2.8 种子使用 .....13
3.2.9 Fertilizer Use. ..... 14 3.2.9 使用肥料。.....14
3.2.10 Agro-processing ..... 14 3.2.10 农产品加工 .....14
3.2.11 Agriculture Mechanization ..... 15 3.2.11 农业机械化 .....15
3.2.12 Extension Services ..... 16 3.2.12 推广服务 .....16
3.3 Livestock. ..... 17 3.3 牲畜。.....17
3.3.1 Livestock Population Trend for the 2002/03, 2007/08 and 2019/20 Agriculture 3.3.1 2002/03、2007/08 和 2019/20 年农业的牲畜数量趋势
Censuses ..... 18 人口普查 .....18
3.3.2 Cattle Identification ..... 19 3.3.2 牛的识别 .....19
3.3.3 Milk Production ..... 19 3.3.3 牛奶生产 .....19
3.3.4 Livestock Pest and Disease Control ..... 20 3.3.4 牲畜病虫害控制 .....20
3.3.4.1 Tick Control ..... 20 3.3.4.1 防治蜱虫 .....20
3.3.4.2 Vaccination Against Chicken Diseases ..... 21 3.3.4.2 鸡病疫苗 .....21
3.4 Fish Farming ..... 21 3.4 鱼类养殖 .....21
4.0 Agricultural Constraints ..... 23 4.0 农业制约因素 .....23
4.1 Agricultural Constraints, Mainland Tanzania ..... 23 4.1 农业制约因素，坦桑尼亚大陆 .....23
4.2 Agricultural Constraints, Tanzania Zanzibar ..... 24 4.2 坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔的农业制约因素 .....24
5.0 Conclusion ..... 26 5.0 结论 .....26
List of Tables 表格清单
Table 3.1: Number and Percentage of Agricultural Households by Type of Agricultural 表 3.1：按农业类型分列的农户数量和百分比
Table 3.2: Number of Households by Main Agricultural Activities in 2002/03, 2007/08 and 2019/20 Agriculture Censuses, Tanzania 表 3.2：2002/03 年、2007/08 年和 2019/20 年农业普查中按主要农业活动分列的家庭数量，坦桑尼亚
6
Table 3.3: Planted Area, Harvested Area and Production of Cereal Crops During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania 7 表 3.3：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚谷类作物的种植面积、收获面积和产量 7
Table 3.4: Planted Area, Harvested Area and Production of Major Roots and Tubers Crops During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania 表 3.4：坦桑尼亚 2019/20 农业年度主要根茎作物的种植面积、收获面积和产量
Table 3.5: Planted Area, Harvested Area and Production of Major Pulses Crops During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania. 表 3.5：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚主要豆类作物的种植面积、收获面积和产量。
Table 3.6: Planted Area, Harvested Area and Production of Oil Seeds and Nuts Crops During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania. 表 3.6：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚油籽和坚果作物的种植面积、收获面积和产量。
Table 3.7: Planted Area, Harvested Area and Production of Main Cash Crops During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania. 表 3.7：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚主要经济作物的种植面积、收获面积和产量。
Table 3.8: Number of Households and Area Used for Irrigation During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania. 13 表 3.8：坦桑尼亚 2019/20 农业年灌溉户数和灌溉面积。13
Table 3.9: Area Planted by Type of Seed Used During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania 13 表 3.9：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚按种子类型分列的种植面积 13
Table 3.10: Area Planted by Type of Fertilizer Used During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania 表 3.10：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚按所用肥料类型分列的种植面积
14
Table 3.11: Number of Households Practiced Agro-processing by Crops During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania 表 3.11：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚按作物分列的从事农产品加工的家庭数量
Table 3.12: Number of Tractors and Draft Animals Owned by Agricultural Households by Region During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania. 表 3.12：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚各地区农户拥有的拖拉机和草畜数量。
Table 3.13: Number of Households Used Tractors and Draft Animals and Area Cultivated During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania. 表 3.13：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚使用拖拉机和草畜的家庭数量及耕种面积。
Table 3.14: Livestock Population as of August 2020, Tanzania. 表 3.14：截至 2020 年 8 月的牲畜数量，坦桑尼亚。
Table 3.15: Livestock Population Trend for the 2002/03, 2007/08 and 2019/20 Agriculture Censuses, Tanzania 表 3.15：坦桑尼亚 2002/03、2007/08 和 2019/20 年农业普查的牲畜数量趋势
Table 3.16: Annual Milk Production (Litres) During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania 20 表 3.16：坦桑尼亚 2019/20 农业年度牛奶年产量（公升） 20
Table 3.17: Number and Percentage of Households Keeping Livestock and Methods Used to Control Ticks During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania 表 3.17：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚饲养牲畜的家庭数量和百分比以及用于控制蜱虫的方法
Table 3.18: Number and Percentage of Chicken Vaccinated Against Diseases During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania 表 3.18：坦桑尼亚 2019/20 农业年期间接种疾病疫苗的鸡只数量和百分比
Table 3.19: Number of Households, Type of Stocked Fish and Weight of Fish Harvested During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania. 表 3.19：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚的家庭数量、放养鱼类类型和收获鱼类重量。
Table 3.20: Number of Farms, Type of Stocked Fish and Weight of Fish Harvested During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania. 22 表 3.20：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚养殖场数量、放养鱼类类型和收获鱼类重量。22
List of Figures 图表目录
Figure 3.2: Cash Crops Production in 2002/03, 2007/08 and 2019/20 Agriculture Censuses, Tanzania 图 3.2：2002/03 年、2007/08 年和 2019/20 年坦桑尼亚农业普查中的经济作物产量
12
Figure 3.3: Oil Seed and Nuts Crop Production in 2002/03, 2007/08 and 2019/20 Agriculture Censuses, Tanzania 图 3.3：坦桑尼亚 2002/03、2007/08 和 2019/20 农业普查中的油籽和坚果作物产量
Figure 3.4: Percentage Distribution of Agricultural Households Receiving Crop Extension Advices During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania 图 3.4：坦桑尼亚 2019/20 农业年度接受作物推广建议的农户百分比分布情况
Figure 3.5: Percentage Distribution of Agricultural Households Receiving Livestock Extension Advices During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania.. 图 3.5：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚接受畜牧业推广建议的农户百分比分布...
Figure 3.6: Livestock Population Trend for the 2002/03, 2007/08 and 2019/20 Agriculture Censuses, Tanzania 图 3.6：坦桑尼亚 2002/03、2007/08 和 2019/20 年农业普查的牲畜人口趋势
Figure 3.7: Percentage Distribution of Cattle Identification Methods During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Mainland Tanzania 19 图 3.7：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚大陆牛识别方法的百分比分布 19
Figure 3.8: Percentage Distribution of Cattle Identification Methods During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania Zanzibar . 19 图 3.8：2019/20 农业年期间坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔牛识别方法的百分比分布 .19
Figure 4.1: Percentage of Major Agricultural Constraints Reported by Agricultural Households During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania. 23 图 4.1：坦桑尼亚 2019/20 农业年度农户报告的主要农业制约因素百分比。23
Figure 4.2: Percentage of Major Agricultural Constraints Reported by Agricultural Households During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Mainland Tanzania. 图 4.2：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚大陆农户报告的主要农业制约因素百分比。
24
Figure 4.3: Percentage of Major Agricultural Constraints Reported by Agricultural Households During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania Zanzibar 25 图 4.3：坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔岛 2019/20 农业年度农户报告的主要农业制约因素百分比 25
Figure 4.1: Percentage of Major Agricultural Constraints Reported by Agricultural Households During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania. 图 4.1：坦桑尼亚 2019/20 农业年度农户报告的主要农业制约因素百分比。
Figure 4.2: Percentage of Major Agricultural Constraints Reported by Agricultural Households During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Mainland Tanzania. 图 4.2：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚大陆农户报告的主要农业制约因素百分比。
Figure 4.3: Percentage of Major Agricultural Constraints Reported by Agricultural Households During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania Zanzibar 图 4.3：坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔岛 2019/20 农业年度农户报告的主要农业制约因素百分比
Acronym 缩略语
ASDP II
Agricultural Sector Development Programme Phase II 农业部门发展计划第二阶段
ASLMs
Agricultural Sector Lead Ministries 农业部门牵头部委
CAADP
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme 非洲农业发展综合计划
CAPI
Computer Assisted Personal Interview 计算机辅助个人面试
CSPro
Census and Survey Processing System 普查和调查处理系统
EA
Enumeration Area 垦殖区
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization 粮食及农业组织
GDP
Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值
LSF
Large Scale Farms 大型农场
NBS
National Bureau of Statistics 国家统计局
NSCA
National Sample Census of Agriculture 全国农业抽样普查
OCGS
Office of the Chief Government Statistician 政府首席统计师办公室
PSU
Primary Sampling Unit 主要取样单位
SDGs 可持续发展目标
Sustainable Development Goals 可持续发展目标
SHF
Smallholder Farmers 小农
ToE
Training of Enumerators 普查员培训
ToT
Training of Trainers 培训员培训
USAID
United States Agency for International Development 美国国际开发署
USDA
United States Department of Agriculture 美国农业部
Foreword 前言
The 2019/20 National Sample Census of Agriculture (NSCA) is the fifth Census of Agriculture conducted in Tanzania. The first Census was conducted in 1971/72, the second in 1993/94 to 1994/95 in which data on Household characteristics and livestock count were collected in 1993/94 and data on crop area and production were collected in 1994/95. The third Census was conducted in 2002/03, and the fourth in 2007/08. 2019/20 年全国农业抽样普查（NSCA）是坦桑尼亚进行的第五次农业普查。第一次普查于 1971/72 年进行，第二次普查于 1993/94 年至 1994/95 年进行，其中 1993/94 年收集了家庭特征和牲畜数量数据，1994/95 年收集了作物面积和产量数据。第三次普查于 2002/03 年进行，第四次普查于 2007/08 年进行。
Hon. Professor Adolf Faustine Mkenda (MP) 阿道夫 - 福斯坦 - 姆肯达教授阁下（议员）
Minister for Agriculture 农业部长
The 2019/20 NSCA was jointly implemented by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Office of the Chief Government Statistician, Zanzibar (OCGS), in collaboration with Agricultural Sector Lead Ministries (ASLMs). The Census was financially supported by the Government of Tanzania, the European Union (EU) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), while technical assistance was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2019/20 年全国人口普查由国家统计局（NBS）和桑给巴尔政府首席统计师办公室（OCGS）与农业部门牵头部委（ASLMs）合作共同实施。坦桑尼亚政府、欧洲联盟（EU）和美国国际开发署（USAID）为普查提供了资金支持，美国农业部（USDA）和联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）提供了技术援助。
The main objective of the 2019/20 National Sample Census of Agriculture, was to provide baseline data on Agricultural Statistics. The results will be used for national agricultural planning, implementation and policy intervention, for the purpose of improving agricultural sector through increasing productivity and promoting agro-processing for industrial development and improving farmer's livelihood. Moreover, the results will facilitate monitoring and evaluation of the implementation and contribution of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), African Agenda 2063, MALABO declaration, third Five Year Development Plan (2021/22 - 2025/26) and Agricultural Sector Development Programme Phase II (ASDP II). 2019/20 年全国农业抽样普查的主要目的是提供农业统计基线数据。普查结果将用于国家农业规划、实施和政策干预，目的是通过提高生产力、促进农业加工业发展和改善农民生计来改善农业部门。此外，这些结果将有助于监测和评估可持续发展目标（SDGs）、非洲 2063 年议程、马拉博宣言、第三个五年发展计划（2021/22 - 2025/26）和农业部门发展计划第二阶段（ASDP II）的实施情况和贡献。
It is my hope that, this Key Findings Report will provide important data and information on Agricultural Sector to Government, Policy makers, Planners, and other stakeholders to support the development of agriculture sector in the country. 我希望这份主要研究结果报告能为政府、决策者、规划者和其他利益相关者提供有关农业部门的重要数据和信息，以支持该国农业部门的发展。
Hon. Professor Adolf Faustine Mkenda (MP)
Minister for Agriculture 阿道夫 - 福斯坦 - 姆肯达教授阁下（议员）
农业部长
vi
Acknowledgements 致谢
The successful execution of this Census is a result of commitment and collaboration of many individuals and institutions. Therefore, I would like to express my gratitude to all persons and institutions that contributed in one way or another in ensuring the 2019/20 NSCA is carried out as planned. 本次普查的成功实施是许多个人和机构的承诺与合作的结果。因此，我要向所有以某种方式为确保 2019/20 年全国人口普查按计划进行做出贡献的个人和机构表示感谢。
My gratitude should first go to the Government of United 我首先要感谢美利坚合众国政府
Dr. Albina Chuwa 阿尔宾娜 - 楚瓦博士
Statistician General Republic of Tanzania, the European Union (EU) and the United State Agency for International Development (USAID) for their financial and technical support to this Census. Effort made by the Development Partners in ensuring that the 2019/20 NSCA is fully supported technically and financially is greatly appreciated. 坦桑尼亚联合共和国统计局长、欧洲联盟（EU）和美国国际开发署（USAID）为本次普查提供了资金和技术支持。我们非常感谢发展合作伙伴为确保 2019/20 年全国人口普查得到充分的技术和资金支持所做出的努力。
I appreciate the technical support provided by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) at all stages of undertaking this Census. I recognize the guidance provided by regional and district officials, as well as local leaders who played a big role in the successful implementation of the Census. I wish to thank all respondents from selected households for supporting census undertaking in the country by providing much-needed information. 我感谢美国农业部（USDA）和联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）在开展此次普查的各个阶段提供的技术支持。我感谢区域和地区官员以及地方领导人提供的指导，他们为普查的成功实施发挥了重要作用。我要感谢来自选定住户的所有受访者，感谢他们提供了急需的信息，从而支持了该国的普查工作。
Lastly, but by no means least, I would also like to thank the Technical Team composed of professionals from the President's Office, Regional Administration and Local Government; Prime Minister's Office; Ministry of Agriculture; Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries; Ministry of Industries and Trade; Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources, Livestock and Fisheries, Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar; National Bureau of Statistics (Department of Agriculture Statistics); and Office of the Chief Government Statistician (Agriculture and Environmental Statistics Section, Tanzania Zanzibar). 最后，但绝不是最不重要的，我还要感谢技术团队，该团队由来自总统办公室、地区行政和地方政府、总理办公室、农业部、畜牧和渔业部、工业和贸易部、桑给巴尔革命政府农业、自然资源、畜牧和渔业部、国家统计局（农业统计部）以及政府首席统计师办公室（坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔农业和环境统计科）的专业人士组成。
This report provides information, that will assist the Government in designing policies and development plans to improve the Agricultural Sector in the country. 本报告提供的信息将有助于政府制定政策和发展计划，以改善该国的农业部门。
Dr. Albina Chuwa 阿尔宾娜 - 楚瓦博士
Statistician General 总统计师
National Bureau of Statistics 国家统计局
Concepts and Definitions 概念和定义
Agricultural year 农业年
In Tanzania, agricultural year commences on the October to September of the following year. For this Census, the agricultural year started on October 2019 to September 2020. 在坦桑尼亚，农业年始于 10 月至 次年 9 月。在本次普查中，农业年从 2019 年 10 月 开始，至 2020 年 9 月 结束。
Crop only 仅作物
A household is referred as crop only, if it has cultivated a piece of land equal or exceeding 25 square meters. This context also applies to all households owning or have kept livestock whose number does not qualify such household to be an agricultural holding (Ownership of no cattle or less than 5 goats/sheep/pigs or less than 50 chickens/ turkeys/ ducks/ rabbits). 如果一个家庭耕种的土地面积等于或超过 25 平方米，则该家庭仅被称为农户。这种情况也适用于所有拥有或饲养牲畜但牲畜数量不符合农业控股条件的家庭（没有牛或拥有少于 5 头山羊 / 绵羊 / 猪或少于 50 只鸡 / 火鸡 / 鸭 / 兔）。
Livestock only 仅牲畜
A household is referred to be livestock only, if it has owned or kept at least 1 cattle and/or 5 goats/sheep/pigs or more and/or 50 chickens/turkeys/ducks/rabbits or more during the reference agricultural year. This also applies to all holders owning or having cultivated land less than 25 square meters. 如果一个家庭在农业参考年度至少拥有或饲养了 1 头牛和 / 或 5 只山羊 / 绵羊 / 猪或更多和 / 或 50 只鸡 / 火鸡 / 鸭 / 兔或更多，则该家庭被称为只饲养牲畜的家庭。这也适用于所有拥有或拥有 25 平方米以下耕地的人。
Pastoralists 牧民
This refers to the households involved in livestock keeping with behavior of seasonal movement in search of water and pasture for their livestock. 这是指从事牲畜饲养的家庭，他们会季节性迁移，为牲畜寻找水源和牧场。
Crops and Livestock 农作物和牲畜
A household is referred to be engaged in both crops and livestock, if it has cultivated a piece of land equal or exceeding 25 square meters and has owned or kept at least 1 cattle and/or 5 goats/sheep/pigs or more and/or 50 chickens/turkeys/ducks/rabbits or more during the reference agricultural year. 如果一个家庭在基准农业年期间耕种的土地面积等于或超过 25 平方米，并拥有或饲养至少 1 头牛和 / 或 5 只山羊 / 绵羊 / 猪或更多和 / 或 50 只鸡 / 火鸡 / 鸭 / 兔或更多，则该家庭被称为既从事农作物种植又从事畜牧业。
Fish Farming 养鱼业
A household is referred as fish farming, if it is involving in raising fish. This do not include households that fish in the naturally occurring water bodies such as river, lakes, seas, etc. 从事养鱼的家庭被称为养鱼户。这不包括在河流、湖泊、海洋等自然水体中捕鱼的家庭。
Fingerlings 幼苗
Refers to a young or baby fish that has reached a size of a finger and can be developed for consumption or commercial purposes. Usually fingerlings are one to three weeks old. 指达到手指大小、可用于食用或商业用途的幼鱼或娃娃鱼。鱼苗通常为一至三周大。
Small Scale Farms 小型农场
These are farms, with at least 25 square meters of planted land and/or one cattle, five goats/sheep/pigs, 50 chickens/turkeys/ducks/guinea fowls/rabbits. 这些农场至少有 25 平方米的种植地和 / 或一头牛、五只山羊 / 绵羊 / 猪、50 只鸡 / 火鸡 / 鸭 / 珍珠鸡 / 兔。
Large Scale Farm 大型农场
These are farms with at least 20 hectares of cultivated land or 50 herds of cattle or 100 goats/sheep/pigs or 1,000 chickens. In addition to this, they should fulfill all of the four listed conditions: 这些农场至少拥有 20 公顷耕地或 50 头牛或 100 只山羊 / 绵羊 / 猪或 1 000 只鸡。除此以外，它们还应满足所列的全部四项条件：
i). Greater part of the produce should to go the market; i). 大部分产品应进入市场；
ii). Operation of farm should be continuous; ii). 农场应连续运营；
iii). There should be an application of machinery/implements on the farm; and iii). 农场应使用机械 / 设备；以及
iv). Should have at least one permanent employee. iv). 至少应有一名长期雇员。
Agro Processing 农产品加工
Is the transformation of basic agricultural produces into value added products for the purpose of meeting market needs. 将基本农产品转化为增值产品，以满足市场需求。
Irrigation Farming 灌溉农业
It is the application of specific amount of water at particular location of farm in order to meet the requirements of crop planting and growing. In this census, irrigation farming include irrigation that practiced by smallholder farmers only and does not include schemes of irrigation. 灌溉是指在农场的特定地点施用特定数量的水，以满足作物种植和生长的需要。在本次普查中，灌溉农业只包括小农实施的灌溉，不包括灌溉计划。
1.0 Introduction 1.0 引言
Agriculture is the mainstay of the Tanzania's economy as it is the main source of food, employment, raw materials for industries, and it is a source of foreign exchange earnings. Since Tanzania is endowed with big and fertile agricultural land, diversity of climatic and geographical zones, farmers are able to engage in crop production, livestock production and fish farming. The contribution of agriculture to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is estimated at 26.9 percent (The Economic Survey 2020). 农业是坦桑尼亚经济的支柱，因为它是粮食、就业、工业原料的主要来源，也是外汇收入的来源。由于坦桑尼亚拥有广袤肥沃的农田、多样的气候和地理区域，农民能够从事农作物生产、畜牧业生产和渔业养殖。农业对全国国内生产总值（GDP）的贡献率估计为 26.9%（《2020 年经济调查》）。
The 2019/20 NSCA intended to support and fill in the information gaps necessary for planning and policy formulation by high-level decision-making bodies. Besides, it is meant to provide critical data indicators needed for monitoring the performance of the Agricultural Sector Development Programme Phase II (ASDP II). 2019/20 年《国家农业部门发展计划》（NSCA）旨在支持和填补高层决策机构规划和政策制定所需的信息缺口。此外，它还旨在提供监测农业部门发展计划第二阶段（ASDP II）绩效所需的关键数据指标。
This report therefore, presents summary of Key Findings from the 2019/20 National Sample Census of Agriculture. The indicators are presented at the levels of the United Republic of Tanzania (URT), Mainland Tanzania and Tanzania Zanzibar. This report is organized in five sections. The first and second sections presents introduction and Census implementation, the third section presents results on key findings (households agricultural characteristics, crop production, livestock and fish farming). Fourth section presents agriculture constraints for both Mainland Tanzania and Tanzania Zanzibar, while conclusion presented in section five. 因此，本报告概述了 2019/20 年全国农业抽样普查的主要结果。这些指标是在坦桑尼亚联合共和国（URT）、坦桑尼亚大陆和坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔的层面上提出的。本报告分为五个部分。第一和第二部分介绍了导言和普查实施情况，第三部分介绍了主要调查结果（家庭农业特征、作物生产、畜牧业和渔业养殖）。第四节介绍坦桑尼亚大陆和坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔岛的农业制约因素，第五节为结论。
1.1 Objectives of the Census 1.1 普查的目的
The main objective of the 2019/20 National Sample Census of Agriculture was to provide baseline data on crop production, livestock production and fish farming. Specifically, through:- 2019/20 年全国农业抽样普查的主要目标是提供有关作物生产、牲畜生产和渔业养殖的基线数据。具体而言，通过以下方式：-
i). Identification of structural changes if any, in the size of farm household holdings, crop and livestock production, farm inputs and implement use. It also seeks to determine if there are any improvement in rural infrastructures and the level of agriculture household living conditions; i). 确定农户土地规模、作物和牲畜生产、农业投入和农具使用方面的结构变化（如有）。它还旨在确定农村基础设施和农户生活条件是否有所改善；
ii). Provision of benchmark data on productivity, production and agricultural practices in relation to policies and interventions promoted by the Agricultural Sector Lead Ministries (ASLMs) and other stakeholders; and ii). 提供与农业部门牵头部委（ASLMs）和其他利益相关方推行的政策和干预措施有关的生产力、生产和农业实践基准数据；以及
iii). Establishment of baseline data for the measurement of the impact of high-level objectives of the Agriculture Sector Development Programme Phase II (ASDP II). iii). 为衡量农业部门发展计划第二阶段（ASDP II）高层次目标的影响建立基准数据。
1.2 Reference Period 1.2 参照期
The reference period for agricultural Surveys and Census follows agricultural calendar. For Tanzania, agricultural calendar starts from October and ends on the September of the subsequent year. This reference period was designed to cut across two agricultural seasons (short and long rainy seasons). For the 2019/20 NSCA, the reference period for production of crop and livestock products was from October 2019 to September 2020, while livestock inventory was taken as of August 2020. 农业调查和普查的参照期遵循农历。在坦桑尼亚，农历从 年 10 月开始，到下一年的 年 9 月结束。这一参照期跨越两个农季（短雨季和长雨季）。对于 2019/20 年国家统计协调局，农作物和畜牧产品生产的参照期为 2019 年 10 月 至 2020 年 9 月 ，而牲畜存栏量的参照期为 2020 年 8 月 。
1.3 Confidentiality 1.3 保密
The information collected from agricultural households is strictly confidential as per the Statistical Act, [Cap 351R.E 2019] and Office of the Chief Government Statistician Act. No 9 of 2007 and will only be used for statistical purposes. 根据《统计法》[Cap 351R.E 2019] 和《政府首席统计师办公室法》，从农户收集的信息严格保密，仅用于统计目的。2007 年第 9 号）的规定严格保密，仅用于统计目的。
2.0 Census Implementation 2.0 普查实施
The preparation of 2019/20 NSCA began in August 2018 by establishing a National Technical Team, which included members from NBS, OCGS, PMO, PORALG and ASLMs, who were responsible for planning and implementation of the Census. 2019/20 年国家统计协调局的筹备工作于 2018 年 8 月开始，成立了一个国家技术小组，其成员包括国家统计局、政府统计办公室、项目管理办公室、PORALG 和 ASLMs，负责普查的规划和实施。
2.1 Sampling 2.1 取样
The 2019/20 NSCA adopted a two-stage design with census enumeration areas as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) and households as second-stage units. For each region, a sample of PSUs were selected from the total number of PSUs in the region, classified into rural and urban PSUs, with more weight given to the rural PSUs because of its intensity in agriculture practices. 2019/20 年国家抽样调查采用两阶段设计，以普查辖区为主要抽样单位（PSU），住户为第二阶段单位。对于每个地区，从该地区的 PSU 总数中选取 PSU 样本，分为农村和城市 PSU，其中农村 PSU 的权重更大，因为农村的农业活动更为密集。
A total of 2,820 PSUs were selected from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (PHC) frame of which 2,670 PSUs were from Mainland Tanzania and 150 from Tanzania Zanzibar. Out of these, 2,560 PSUs were from rural and 260 from urban areas. The number of households differed from one PSU to another, it ranged from 5 to 30 households, making a total number of 33,808 households (32,008 households from Mainland Tanzania and 1,800 from Tanzania Zanzibar). The probability of selecting a household depended on the total number of households in the PSU. 从 2012 年人口和住房普查（PHC）框架中总共选取了 2,820 个 PSU，其中 2,670 个 PSU 来自坦桑尼亚大陆，150 个来自坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔岛。其中，2,560 个 PSU 来自农村地区，260 个来自城市地区。各 PSU 的住户数量各不相同，从 5 户到 30 户不等，总计 33 808 户（32 008 户来自坦桑尼亚大陆，1 800 户来自坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔岛）。选择一个家庭的概率取决于 PSU 的家庭总数。
2.2 Questionnaires 2.2 问卷调查
The 2019/20 NSCA was implemented using three questionnaires: - 2019/20 年度国家学生成绩评估采用了三份调查问卷：-
i). Small Scale questionnaire which collected information at household level (smallholder farmers); i). 小规模问卷调查，收集家庭层面的信息（小农户）；
ii). Large Scale questionnaire which collected information from large scale farms; and ii). 大规模问卷调查，从大规模农场收集信息；以及
iii). Community Questionnaire which collected information at community level (Village/Mtaa). iii). 社区问卷调查，收集社区层面（村庄 / Mtaa）的信息。
2.3 Listing 2.3 列表
The listing exercise took place in all Districts of Mainland Tanzania and Tanzania Zanzibar in selected EAs, from April to June 2019. The listing exercise was followed by a systematic random selection of households involved in the 2019/20 NSCA. 列名工作于 2019 年 4 月至 6 月在坦桑尼亚大陆所有地区和坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔岛选定的经济区进行。列名工作结束后，对参与 2019/20 年国家统计协调局工作的家庭进行了系统的随机抽取。
2.4 Pilot Test 2.4 试点测试
The pilot test took place from August to September 2019. The pilot aimed at testing efficiency of tools, logistics as well as measuring the workload for the whole exercise. 试点测试于 2019 年 8 月 至 9 月 进行。试点的目的是测试工具和后勤的效率，以及衡量整个活动的工作量。
2.5 Recruitment and Training 2.5 招聘和培训
A total of 323 enumerators were recruited from their respective regions to conduct interviews in the selected households. Training of Trainers (ToT) took place in the last week of June 2020 in Iringa Region, from June to July, 2020. Training of Enumerators (ToE) was then conducted in seven training centers, of which six centers were in Mainland Tanzania and one center in Tanzania Zanzibar. The ToEs in all centers started from to July, 2020. 各地区共招募了 323 名调查员，对选定的家庭进行访谈。培训员培训（ToT）于 2020 年 6 月的最后一周在伊林加地区进行，时间为 2020 年 6 月 至 7 月 。随后在七个培训中心开展了普查员培训（ToE），其中六个中心位于坦桑尼亚大陆，一个中心位于坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔岛。所有中心的 ToE 从 开始，到 2020 年 7 月结束。
2.6 Data Collection and Processing 2.6 数据收集与处理
Data collection started from August to October 2020. This exercise was conducted using electronic questionnaire through tablets, installed with Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro) for android. This was the first agriculture Census to use tablets for data collection in Tanzania. Data from the field were timely transferred to server at NBS Headquarters. Also, the CSPro software was used for data editing including running consistency checks and tabulation of data. 数据收集工作从 2020 年 8 月开始，至 2020 年 10 月结束。这项工作通过安装了普查和调查处理系统（CSPro）安卓版的平板电脑进行电子问卷调查。这是坦桑尼亚首次使用平板电脑收集数据的农业普查。来自实地的数据被及时传输到国家统计局总部的服务器上。此外，还使用 CSPro 软件进行数据编辑，包括进行数据一致性检查和制表。
3.0 Key Findings 3.0 主要结论
3.1 Household Agricultural Activities 3.1 家庭农业活动
The 2019/20 National Sample Census of Agriculture results show that, out of 12,007,839 households in Tanzania, 7,837,405 households ( 65.3 percent) were involved in agricultural activities. Of the total Agriculture households, 5,088,135 ( 64.9 percent) were involved in crops only, followed by ( 33.0 percent) households engaged in crops and livestock whilst the least number of households were involved in fish farming and pastoralism jointly having less than one percent (Table 3.1). 2019/20 年全国农业抽样普查结果显示，在坦桑尼亚的 12,007,839 户家庭中，有 7,837,405 户家庭（65.3%）从事农业活动。在所有农户中，有 5 088 135 户（64.9%）只从事农作物种植，其次是 （33.0%）从事农作物和畜牧业的农户，而从事养鱼业和畜牧业的农户数量最少，两者合计不到 1%（表 3.1）。
For Mainland Tanzania, a total of 7,657,185 households ( 65.7 percent) were involved in agricultural activities. Out of the total agriculture households, ( 64.9 percent) were involved in crops only, followed by 2,526,846 households ( 33.0 percent) engaged in crops and livestock, 2.0 percent in livestock only, whilst the least number of households were involved in fish farming and pastoralism jointly having less than one percent. 坦桑尼亚大陆共有 7,657,185 户家庭（65.7%）从事农业活动。在所有农户中， （64.9%）只从事农作物种植，其次是 2,526,846 户（33.0%）从事农作物和畜牧业，2.0% 只从事畜牧业，而从事养鱼业和畜牧业的农户数量最少，合计不到 1%。
In Tanzania Zanzibar, 180,220 ( 51.8 percent) were involved in agriculture activities. Out of the total agriculture households, 115,762 ( 64.2 percent) were involved in crops only, followed by 62,310 households ( 34.6 percent) engaged in crops and livestock whilst 2,149 ( 1.2 percent) were involved in livestock only. 在坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔岛，有 180 220 户（51.8%）从事农业活动。在所有农户中，115 762 户（64.2%）只从事农作物种植，其次是 62 310 户（34.6%）从事农作物和牲畜饲养，还有 2 149 户（1.2%）只从事牲畜饲养。
Table 3.1: Number and Percentage of Agricultural Households by Type of Agricultural Activity During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania 表 3.1：坦桑尼亚 2019/20 农业年期间按农业活动类型分列的农户数量和百分比
Agricultural Activity 农业活动
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚
Mainland Tanzania 坦桑尼亚大陆
Tanzania Zanzibar 坦桑尼亚 桑给巴尔
Number 数量
Percent 百分比
Number 数量
Percent 百分比
Number 数量
Percent 百分比
Total Households (Projection from 2012 PHC) 家庭总数（根据 2012 年人口健康状况预测）
12,007,839
348,250
Total Households involved in Agriculture 从事农业的家庭总数
7,837,405
100.0
7,657,185
100.0
180,220
100.0
Crops only 仅作物
5,088,135
64.9
4,972,373
64.9
115,762
64.2
Crops and Livestock 农作物和牲畜
2,589,156
33.0
2,526,846
33.0
62,310
34.6
Livestock only 仅牲畜
157,290
2.0
155,141
2.0
2,149
1.2
Fish Farming only 仅养鱼
1,358
0.01
1,358
0.01
0
0
Pastoralist 牧民
1,465
0.02
1,465
0.02
N/A 不适用
N/A 不适用
Key messages: 关键信息：
Majority of households were engaged in "Crop only" activities, followed by "Crop and Livestock" activities; and. 大多数家庭只从事 "农作物" 活动，其次是 "农作物和牲畜" 活动；以及
Fewer households were involved in "Fish Farming" and "Pastoralist" activities. 从事 "养鱼" 和 "放牧" 活动的家庭较少。
3.1.1 Agricultural Households Trend for 2002/03, 2007/08 and 2019/20 Agriculture Censuses 3.1.1 2002/03、2007/08 和 2019/20 年农业普查的农户趋势
The number of agricultural households engaged in main agricultural activities has increased from 5.8 million in 2007/08 NSCA to 7.8 million in 2019/20 NSCA. Number of agricultural households involved in "Crops only" has increased from 3.5 million in 2007/08 to 5.1 million in 2019/20 equivalent to 45.7 percent. Similar trend has been observed for households engaged in "Crops and Livestock", whereby there is an increase of 14.1 percent. On the other hand, "Pastoralists" trend shows the decrease from 3,917 in 2007/08 to 1,465 households in 2019/20 equivalent to 62.6 percent (Table 3.2). 从事主要农业活动的农户数量从 2007/2008 年国家统计和人口普查年度的 580 万增加到 2019/2009 年国家统计和人口普查年度的 780 万。仅从事农作物种植的农户数量从 2007/2008 年的 350 万增加到 2019/2009 年的 510 万，相当于 45.7%。从事 "农作物和畜牧业" 的家庭也呈类似趋势，增加了 14.1%。另一方面，"牧民" 的趋势显示，从 2007/2008 年的 3 917 户减少到 2019/2009 年的 1 465 户，相当于 62.6%（表 3.2）。
Table 3.2: Number of Households by Main Agricultural Activities in 2002/03, 2007/08 and 2019/20 Agriculture Censuses, Tanzania 表 3.2：2002/03 年、2007/08 年和 2019/20 年农业普查中按主要农业活动分列的家庭数量，坦桑尼亚
Agricultural Activity 农业活动
Crops only 仅作物
Crops and Livestock 农作物和牲畜
Livestock only 仅牲畜
41,199
57,770
157,290
Fish Farming only 仅养鱼
-
--
1,358
Pastoralist 牧民
1,828
3,917
1,465
Total 总计
"—" Information not captured "-" 未获取信息
Key messages: Percentage of agricultural households engaged in all categories of agricultural activities has been increasing by 34.2 percent since 2007/08 to 2019/20, whereas, for pastoralists has decline by 62.6 percent. 关键信息：自 2007/08 年至 2019/20 年，从事各类农业活动的农户百分比增加了 34.2%，而牧民的百分比则下降了 62.6%。
Policy implication: 政策影响：
Government policies that aimed at establishing and strengthening the grazing lands, has been successful in decreasing the number of pastoralists; and 政府旨在建立和加强牧场的政策成功地减少了牧民人数；以及
Contribution of Agricultural Sector to the GDP has decreased over time while the number of households engaging in agriculture increasing. This signals low productivity and marginal increase of farmers income. 随着时间的推移，农业部门对国内生产总值的贡献有所下降，而从事农业的家庭数量却在增加。这表明生产率低下，农民收入增长有限。
3.2 Crop Production 3.2 农作物生产
3.2.1 Production of Major Cereals 3.2.1 主要谷物产量
Maize, paddy and sorghum were the major cereal crops grown in Tanzania during 2019/20 agricultural year. Table 3.3 shows that, a total of hectares were planted with maize, paddy and sorghum in which smallholder farmers planted 7,132,213 hectares and large scale farms planted 29,695 hectares. Maize was planted on the largest area compared to other crops with a total area of hectares equivalent to 69.1 percent hectares from smallholder farmers and 15,688 hectares from large scale farms). Paddy occupied an area of 1,700,701 hectares equivalent to 23.7 percent (smallholder farmers 1,688,241 hectares and large scale farms 12,460 hectares) and sorghum 514,435 hectares, which is equivalent to 7.2 percent ( 512,888 hectares from smallholder farmers and 1,547 hectares from large scale farms). Total production was tons (smallholder farmers tons and large scale farms 玉米、水稻和高粱是坦桑尼亚 2019/20 农业年度种植的主要谷物作物。表 3.3 显示，玉米、水稻和高粱的种植总面积为 公顷，其中小农户种植了 7 132 213 公顷，大规模农场种植了 29 695 公顷。与其他作物相比，玉米的种植面积最大，总面积 公顷，相当于小农户种植面积 公顷的 69.1%，大规模农场种植面积为 15 688 公顷）。水稻面积为 1 700 701 公顷，占 23.7%（小农户 1 688 241 公顷，大规模农场 12 460 公顷），高粱面积为 514 435 公顷，占 7.2%（小农户 512 888 公顷，大规模农场 1 547 公顷）。总产量为 吨（小农 吨，大型农场 吨
143,515 tons) of which maize was leading with a total of tons (smallholder farmers tons and large scale farms 31,597 tons), followed by paddy tons (smallholder farmers 3,380,715 tons and large scale farms 62,890 tons) and sorghum 650,498 tons (smallholder farmers 601,470 tons and large scale farms 49,028 tons). 143,515 吨），其中玉米居首位，总量为 吨（小农户 吨，大规模农场 31,597 吨），其次是水稻 吨（小农户 3,380,715 吨，大规模农场 62,890 吨）和高粱 650,498 吨（小农户 601,470 吨，大规模农场 49,028 吨）。
Of the total tons of major cereal crops produced, tons were produced in Mainland Tanzania and 54,617 tons in Tanzania Zanzibar. Production of maize in Mainland Tanzania was leading ( tons), followed by paddy ( tons) and sorghum ( 601,496 tons), while in Tanzania Zanzibar, production of paddy was leading ( 50,576 tons), followed by maize ( 3,961 tons) and sorghum ( 80 tons). 在主要谷物作物总产量中，坦桑尼亚大陆生产了 吨，坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔生产了 54,617 吨。坦桑尼亚大陆的玉米产量居首位（ 吨），其次是水稻（ 吨）和高粱（601 496 吨），而在坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔，水稻产量居首位（50 576 吨），其次是玉米（3 961 吨）和高粱（80 吨）。
Table 3.3: Planted Area, Harvested Area and Production of Cereal Crops During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania 表 3.3：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚谷类作物的种植面积、收获面积和产量
Crop 农作物
Planted Area (Hectares) 种植面积（公顷）
Harvested Area (Hectares) 收获面积（公顷）
Production (Tons) 产量（吨）
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚
坦桑尼亚大陆
Mainland
Tanzania
坦桑尼亚 桑给巴尔
Tanzania
Zanzibar
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚
坦桑尼亚大陆
Mainland
Tanzania
坦桑尼亚 桑给巴尔
Tanzania
Zanzibar
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚
坦桑尼亚大陆
Mainland
Tanzania
坦桑尼亚 桑给巴尔
Tanzania
Zanzibar
Maize 玉米
Total 总计
4,946,799
4,943,417
3,381
4,358,753
4,356,633
2,120
3,961
SHF
4,931,111
4,927,748
3,363
4,345,266
4,343,160
2,106
6,504,727
6,500,776
3,951
LSF
15,688
15,669
18
13,487
13,473
14
31,597
31,586
10
Paddy
Total 总计
1,700,701
33,307
1,497,277
1,472,598
24,678
3,443,605
3,393,029
SHF
1,688,241
1,655,087
33,154
1,485,125
1,460,571
24,554
3,380,715
3,330,293
50,422
LSF
12,460
12,306
153
12,152
12,027
124
62,890
62,736
154
Sorghum 高粱
Total 总计
514,435
122
448,738
448,641
93
80
SHF
512,888
512,767
121
447,566
447,474
92
601,470
601,390
80
LSF
1,547
1,546
1
1,172
1,170
1
49,028
106
0
SHF Smallholder Farmers; LSF Large Scale Farms SHF 小农户；LSF 大规模农场
"0" Insufficient information "0 信息不足
3.2.2 Production of Major Roots and Tubers Crops 3.2.2 主要根茎作物产量
Total area planted with major roots and tuber crops (cassava, sweet potatoes and irish potatoes) was hectares (smallholder farmers 1,095,050 hectares and large scale farms was 663 hectares) during 2019/20 agricultural year. Table 3.4 reveals that the largest area was planted with cassava ( 741,115 hectares), followed by sweet potatoes ( 289,938 hectares). 2019/20 农业年度主要块根和块茎作物（木薯、甘薯和爱尔兰马铃薯）的种植总面积为 公顷（小农户为 1 095 050 公顷，大规模农场为 663 公顷）。表 3.4 显示，木薯种植面积最大（741 115 公顷），其次是甘薯（289 938 公顷）。
The total production of major roots and tubers was 2,596,395 tons (2,594,224 tons from smallholder farmers and 2,171 tons from large scale farms). The production of cassava was tons, followed by sweet potatoes (504,346 tons) and irish potatoes ( 320,990 tons). 主要块根和块茎的总产量为 2 596 395 吨（2 594 224 吨来自小农户，2 171 吨来自大规模农场）。木薯产量为 吨，其次是甘薯（504 346 吨）和爱尔兰薯（320 990 吨）。
Of the total production of major roots and tuber crops produced, 2,374,180 tons were produced in Mainland Tanzania and 222,215 tons in Tanzania Zanzibar. In Mainland Tanzania, production of cassava was leading ( tons), followed by sweet potatoes ( 466,157 tons) and irish potatoes ( 320,990 tons). Similarly, in Tanzania Zanzibar, production of cassava was leading (184,026 tons), followed by sweet potatoes ( 38,189 tons). 在主要块根和块茎作物总产量中，坦桑尼亚大陆生产了 2 374 180 吨，坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔生产了 222 215 吨。在坦桑尼亚大陆，木薯产量居首位（ 吨），其次是甘薯（466 157 吨）和爱尔兰马铃薯（320 990 吨）。同样，在坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔，木薯产量居首位（184 026 吨），其次是甘薯（38 189 吨）。
Table 3.4: Planted Area, Harvested Area and Production of Major Roots and Tubers Crops During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania 表 3.4：坦桑尼亚 2019/20 农业年度主要根茎作物的种植面积、收获面积和产量
Beans and Cowpeas were the major pulses crops grown in Tanzania during 2019/20 agricultural year. Table 3.5 shows that, a total of 892,786 hectares were planted with beans and cowpeas, in which smallholder farmers occupied 889,557 hectares and large scale farms 3,229 hectares. Beans were planted on the largest area with a total of 826,685 hectares equivalent to 92.6 percent (smallholder farmers 823,485 hectares and large scale farms 3,200 hectares), and cowpeas was 66,101 hectares equivalent to 7.4 percent (smallholder farmers 66,072 hectares and large scale farms 29 hectares). 豆类和豇豆是坦桑尼亚 2019/20 农业年度种植的主要豆类作物。表 3.5 显示，豆类和豇豆的种植总面积为 892 786 公顷，其中小农种植面积为 889 557 公顷，大型农场种植面积为 3 229 公顷。豆类种植面积最大，共计 826 685 公顷，占 92.6%（小农户 823 485 公顷，大规模农场 3 200 公顷），豇豆种植面积为 66 101 公顷，占 7.4%（小农户 66 072 公顷，大规模农场 29 公顷）。
Total production of major pulses was 804,593 tons (smallholder farmers 802,373 tons and large scale farms 2,214 tons) of which beans was leading with a total of 661,700 tons (smallholder farmers 659,497 tons and large scale farms 2,203 tons), and cowpeas was 142,893 tons (smallholder farmers 142,882 tons and large scale farms 11 tons) (Table 3.5). 主要豆类总产量为 804 593 吨（小农户 802 373 吨，大规模农场 2 214 吨），其中豆类产量最高，为 661 700 吨（小农户 659 497 吨，大规模农场 2 203 吨），豇豆产量为 142 893 吨（小农户 142 882 吨，大规模农场 11 吨）（表 3.5）。
Table 3.5: Planted Area, Harvested Area and Production of Major Pulses Crops During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania 表 3.5：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚主要豆类作物的种植面积、收获面积和产量
Crop 农作物
Planted Area (Hectares) 种植面积（公顷）
Harvested Area (Hectares) 收获面积（公顷）
Production (Tons) 产量（吨）
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚
坦桑尼亚大陆
Mainland
Tanzania
坦桑尼亚 桑给巴尔
Tanzania
Zanzibar
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚
坦桑尼亚大陆
Mainland
Tanzania
坦桑尼亚 桑给巴尔
Tanzania
Zanzibar
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚
坦桑尼亚大陆
Mainland
Tanzania
坦桑尼亚 桑给巴尔
Tanzania
Zanzibar
Beans 豆类
Total 总计
826,685
826,627
58
710,890
710,875
15
661,700
661,675
24
SHF
823,485
823,427
58
709,108
709,093
15
659,497
659,473
24
Cowpeas 豇豆
Total 总计
66,101
64,077
2,024
54,304
52,986
1,318
142,893
139,217
3,676
SHF
66,072
64,050
2,022
54,276
52,960
1,316
142,882
139,207
3,675
LSF
29
27
2
28
26
2
11
10
1
3.2.4 Production of Major Oil Seeds and Nuts 3.2.4 主要油料种子和坚果的产量
The main oil seeds and nuts grown in Tanzania during 2019/20 agricultural year were groundnuts, sunflower, sesame and oil palm. The Census results show that, a total of 1,523,008 hectares were planted with main oil seeds and nuts whereby area planted by smallholder farmers was hectares and that of large scale farms was 14,801 hectares (Table 3.6). 坦桑尼亚在 2019/20 农业年度种植的主要油料种子和坚果有落花生、向日葵、芝麻和油棕榈。普查结果显示，主要油料种子和坚果的种植面积共计 1,523,008 公顷，其中小农户的种植面积为 公顷，大规模农场的种植面积为 14,801 公顷（表 3.6）。
Sunflower occupied 537,785 hectares (524,049 hectares smallholder and 13,736 hectares large scale) which is the largest area covered under oil seeds and nuts, followed by 528,419 hectares occupied with groundnuts ( 528,373 hectares by smallholder farmers and 46 hectares by large scale farms) and sesame had 443,068 hectares (442,689 hectares by smallholder farmers and 379 hectares by large scale farms). Total production of oil seeds and nuts was 1,278,267 tons (smallholder farmers 1,277,925 tons and large scale farms 342 tons) of which groundnuts was leading with a total production of 621,697 tons (smallholder farmers 621,665 tons and large scale farms 32 tons), followed by sunflower with 503,032 tons (smallholder farmers only) and sesame production of 128,842 tons (smallholder farmers 128,588 tons and large scale farms 254 tons). 向日葵种植面积为 537 785 公顷（小农种植面积 524 049 公顷，大型农场种植面积 13 736 公顷），是油料种子和坚果种植面积最大的品种，其次是落花生种植面积 528 419 公顷（小农种植面积 528 373 公顷，大型农场种植面积 46 公顷），芝麻种植面积 443 068 公顷（小农种植面积 442 689 公顷，大型农场种植面积 379 公顷）。油籽和坚果的总产量为 1 278 267 吨（小农户 1 277 925 吨，大规模农场 342 吨），其中花生产量最高，为 621 697 吨（小农户 621 665 吨，大规模农场 32 吨），其次是葵花，产量为 503 032 吨（仅小农户），芝麻产量为 128 842 吨（小农户 128 588 吨，大规模农场 254 吨）。
Of the total production of major oil seeds and nuts produced, 1,277,577 tons were produced in Mainland Tanzania and 690 tons in Tanzania Zanzibar. The main oil seeds and nuts crop produced in Mainland Tanzania were groundnuts having the production of 621,007 tons, followed by sunflower ( 503,032 tons) and sesame ( 128,842 tons), while in Tanzania Zanzibar the main oil seeds and nuts produced was groundnuts which recorded the production of 690 tons (Table 3.6). 在主要油籽和坚果总产量中，坦桑尼亚大陆生产了 1,277,577 吨，坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔生产了 690 吨。坦桑尼亚大陆生产的主要油籽和坚果是落花生，产量为 621 007 吨，其次是向日葵（503 032 吨）和芝麻（128 842 吨），而坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔生产的主要油籽和坚果是落花生，产量为 690 吨（表 3.6）。
Table 3.6: Planted Area, Harvested Area and Production of Oil Seeds and Nuts Crops During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania 表 3.6：2019/20 农业年坦桑尼亚油籽和坚果作物的种植面积、收获面积和产量
Crop 农作物
Planted Area (Hectares) 种植面积（公顷）
Harvested Area (Hectares) 收获面积（公顷）
Production (Tons) 产量（吨）
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚
坦桑尼亚大陆
Mainland
Tanzania
坦桑尼亚 桑给巴尔
Tanzania
Zanzibar
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚
坦桑尼亚大陆
Mainland
Tanzania
坦桑尼亚 桑给巴尔
Tanzania
Zanzibar
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚
坦桑尼亚大陆
Mainland
Tanzania
坦桑尼亚 桑给巴尔
Tanzania
Zanzibar
Groundnuts 花生
Total 总计
528,419
527,188
1,231
484,730
483,714
1,017
621,697
621,007
690
SHF
528,373
527,142
1,231
484,684
483,668
1,017
621,665
620,975
690
LSF
46
46
-
46
46
-
32
32
-
Sunflower 向日葵
Total 总计
537,785
524,049
-
495,377
481,641
-
503,032
503,032
-
SHF
524,049
524,049
-
481,641
481,641
-
503,032
503,032
-
LSF
13,736
0
-
13,736
0
-
-
0
-
Sesame 芝麻
Total 总计
443,068
443,068
-
392,481
392,481
-
128,842
128,842
-
SHF
442,689
442,689
-
392,110
392,110
-
128,588
128,588
-
LSF
379
379
-
371
371
-
254
254
-
Oil Palm 油棕
Total 总计
13,736
13,736
-
7,067
7,067
-
24,696
24,696
-
LSF
640
640
-
206
206
-
56
56
-
3.2.5 Production of Major Cash Crops 3.2.5 主要经济作物产量
Among the main cash crops grown in Tanzania during 2019/20 agricultural year were coffee, tea, cloves, cashewnuts and cotton. Results show that, a total of hectares were planted with the mentioned major cash crops, whereby area planted by smallholder farmers was hectares and that of large scale farms was 19,284 hectares (Table 3.7). Cashewnuts occupied 811,733 hectares ( 808,143 hectares smallholder farmers and 3,590 hectares large scale farms) which was the largest area covered under cash crops followed by cotton which occupied 314,601 hectares ( 313,370 hectares by smallholder farmers and 1,231 hectares by large scale farms) and coffee occupied 157,999 hectares ( 151,408 hectares by smallholder farmers and 6,591 hectares by large scale farms). 坦桑尼亚在 2019/20 农业年度种植的主要经济作物包括咖啡、茶叶、丁香、腰果和棉花。结果显示，上述主要经济作物的种植总面积为 公顷，其中小农户的种植面积为 公顷，大规模农场的种植面积为 19 284 公顷（表 3.7）。花生种植面积为 811 733 公顷（小农户种植 808 143 公顷，大规模农场种植 3 590 公顷），是经济作物中种植面积最大的，其次是棉花，种植面积为 314 601 公顷（小农户种植 313 370 公顷，大规模农场种植 1 231 公顷），咖啡种植面积为 157 999 公顷（小农户种植 151 408 公顷，大规模农场种植 6 591 公顷）。
Total production of cash crops was 875,025 tons (smallholder farmers 825,156 tons and large scale farms 49,869 tons) of which cashewnuts was leading with a total of 391,119 tons (smallholder farmers 390,412 tons and large scale farms 707 tons), followed by cotton with 331,524 tons (smallholder farmers 330,845 tons and large scale farms 679 tons) and coffee 82,478 tons (smallholder farmers 75,323 tons and large scale farms 7,155 tons). 经济作物总产量为 875 025 吨（小农户 825 156 吨，大规模农场 49 869 吨），其中腰果产量最高，为 391 119 吨（小农户 390 412 吨，大规模农场 707 吨），其次是棉花 331 524 吨（小农户 330 845 吨，大规模农场 679 吨）和咖啡 82 478 吨（小农户 75 323 吨，大规模农场 7 155 吨）。
Of the total quantity of major cash crops produced, 872,578 tons were produced in Mainland Tanzania and 2,447 tons in Tanzania Zanzibar. The main cash crop produced in Mainland Tanzania were cashewnuts having the production of 391,110 tons, followed by cotton (331,524 tons) and coffee ( 82,478 tons), while in Tanzania Zanzibar the main cash crop produced was cloves having the production of 2,438 tons (Table 3.7). 在主要经济作物的总产量中，坦桑尼亚大陆生产了 872 578 吨，坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔生产了 2 447 吨。坦桑尼亚大陆生产的主要经济作物是腰果，产量为 391 110 吨，其次是棉花（331 524 吨）和咖啡（82 478 吨），而坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔生产的主要经济作物是丁香，产量为 2 438 吨（表 3.7）。
Table 3.7: Planted Area, Harvested Area and Production of Main Cash Crops During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania 表 3.7：2019/20 农业年度坦桑尼亚主要经济作物的种植面积、收获面积和产量
Crop 农作物
Planted Area (Hectares) 种植面积（公顷）
Harvested Area (Hectares) 收获面积（公顷）
Production (Tons) 产量（吨）
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚
坦桑尼亚大陆
Mainland
Tanzania
坦桑尼亚 桑给巴尔
Tanzania
Zanzibar
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚
坦桑尼亚大陆
Mainland
Tanzania
坦桑尼亚 桑给巴尔
Tanzania
Zanzibar
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚
坦桑尼亚大陆
Mainland
Tanzania
坦桑尼亚 桑给巴尔
Tanzania
Zanzibar
Coffee 咖啡
Total 总计
157,999
157,999
-
122,455
122,455
-
82,478
82,478
-
SHF
151,408
151,408
-
117,535
117,535
-
75,323
75,323
-
LSF
6,591
6,591
-
4,920
4,920
-
7,155
7,155
-
Tea 茶
Total 总计
15,118
15,118
-
13,375
13,375
-
-
SHF
7,246
7,246
-
5,621
5,621
-
25,295
25,295
-
LSF
7,872
7,872
-
7,754
7,754
-
41,245
41,245
-
Cloves 丁香
Total 总计
11,584
2,754
3,526
1,217
2,973
3,364
926
2,438
SHF
11,584
2,754
8,830
3,526
1,217
2,309
3,281
926
2,355
LSF
0
0
680
0
0
664
83
0
83
Cashewnuts 花生
Total 总计
811,733
59
562,860
562,834
26
391,119
391,110
9
SHF
808,143
808,083
59
560,728
560,702
26
390,412
390,403
9
LSF
3,590
3,590
0
2,132
2,132
-
707
707
0
Cotton 棉质
Total 总计
314,601
314,601
-
247,761
247,761
-
331,524
331,524
-
SHF
313,370
313,370
-
246,534
246,534
-
330,845
330,845
-
LSF
1,231
1,231
-
1,227
1,227
-
679
679
-
"-" Not available "-" 无
" 0 " insufficient number "0" 数量不足
Key message: 关键信息：
There is an increase in production of maize and paddy in 2019/20 agriculture year, this has been attributed to crop land expansion and number of households involved in crop farming rather than intensification; 2019/20 农业年度的玉米和水稻产量有所增加，这归因于作物种植土地的扩大和参与作物种植的家庭数量的增加，而不是作物种植的集约化；
There is a decrease in production of sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes and beans, this is probably due to shift and increased interest by farmers to grow other crops such as cereals, pulses and horticultural crops; 红薯、爱尔兰马铃薯和豆类的产量有所下降，这可能是由于农民转向种植谷物、豆类和园艺作物等其他作物，并对这些作物产生了更大的兴趣；
Production of all crops continue to be dominated by smallholder farmers with very low productivity and there is no significant difference between Mainland Tanzania and Tanzania Zanzibar for SHF; and 所有作物的生产仍然以生产率极低的小农为主，坦桑尼亚大陆和坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔岛的小农生产率没有显著差异；以及
Productivity is higher in large scale farmers, almost double that of SHF in case of paddy. 大规模农户的生产率较高，就水稻而言，几乎是自助农户的两倍。
Policy implication: 政策影响：
There might be low adoption of improved technologies. In that regard, policy intervention should be directed in areas that favours both application of appropriate technology and market driven intensification necessary to increase crop productivity; and 改良技术的采用率可能很低。在这方面，政策干预应针对既有利于应用适当技术，又有利于市场驱动的集约化，以提高作物生产率的领域；以及
Promoting large scale farming with high productivity is key in increasing crops production without expanding farming area. This should go hand in hand with transforming smallholder farmers to increase productivity in all crops. 在不扩大耕地面积的情况下，促进高生产率的大规模耕作是提高作物产量的关键。这应与小农转型同步进行，以提高所有作物的生产率。
3.2.6 Trend of Crop Production for 2002/03, 2007/08 and 2019/20 Agriculture Censuses 3.2.6 2002/03、2007/08 和 2019/20 农业普查的作物产量趋势
The trend of the three consecutive censuses shows an increase in the production of maize, paddy and sorghum, while there is a fluctuation in the production of cassava, sweet potatoes and irish potatoes as shown in Figure 3.1. 如图 3.1 所示，连续三次普查的趋势表明，玉米、水稻和高粱的产量有所增加，而木薯、甘薯和马铃薯的产量则有所波动。
Figure 3.1: Food Crops Production in 2002/03, 2007/08 and 2019/20 Agriculture Censuses, Tanzania 图 3.1：坦桑尼亚 2002/03、2007/08 和 2019/20 年农业普查中的粮食作物产量
The trend of three Censuses for cash crops production shows more or less similar pattern, at most production of all crops increased during 2007/08 Agriculture Census and decreased during 2019/20 Agriculture Census (Figure 3.2). 三次普查的经济作物产量趋势显示出大致相似的模式，最多的一次是 2007/08 年农业普查期间所有作物的产量都有所增加，而 2019/20 年农业普查期间则有所减少（图 3.2）。
Key Message: There is an increasing trend in production of key cereal crops (maize and paddy), while production of sweet potatoes, cassava and irish potatoes has been fluctuating in the three consecutive agricultural censuses. An increase in production in the agricultural year 2019/20 was attributed to increased crop land and number of households involved in crop farming as opposed to the previous census. 关键信息：在连续三次农业普查中，主要谷类作物（玉米和水稻）的产量呈上升趋势，而甘薯、木薯和爱尔兰马铃薯的产量则一直在波动。与上一次普查相比，2019/20 农业年度产量增加的原因是作物种植土地和参与作物种植的家庭数量增加。
Figure 3.2: Cash Crops Production in 2002/03, 2007/08 and 2019/20 Agriculture Censuses, Tanzania 图 3.2：2002/03 年、2007/08 年和 2019/20 年坦桑尼亚农业普查中的经济作物产量
Key Message: Production of cash crops (cashewnuts, cotton, coffee, tea, clove and seaweed) seem to fluctuate between the three Censuses likely driven by the world market demand and prices. 关键信息：经济作物（腰果、棉花、咖啡、茶叶、丁香和海藻）的产量似乎在三次普查之间波动，这可能是受世界市场需求和价格的影响。
Policy Implications: Since almost all of the cash crops produced in the country are exported raw, the world price fluctuations affect domestic prices and consequently production in the following season. Therefore, value addition to these produces is critical in arresting some of global market and demand shocks, stabilizing domestic prices and production. 政策影响：由于该国生产的几乎所有经济作物都是原产品出口，因此世界价格波动会影响国内价格，进而影响下一季的产量。因此，这些产品的增值对于抑制全球市场和需求的某些冲击、稳定国内价格和生产至关重要。
The production trend for oil seeds for three censuses show that, the production of sunflower and sesame has been increasing while that of oil palm is fluctuating (Figure 3.3). 三次普查的油料种子产量趋势表明，葵花和芝麻的产量一直在增加，而油棕榈树的产量则在波动（图 3.3）。
Figure 3.3: Oil Seed and Nuts Crop Production in 2002/03, 2007/08 and 2019/20 Agriculture Censuses, Tanzania 图 3.3：坦桑尼亚 2002/03、2007/08 和 2019/20 农业普查中的油籽和坚果作物产量
Key Message: There is an increasing trend of production for groundnuts, sunflower and sesame for the three consecutive censuses, while the oil palm production fluctuates. However, this increase has not managed to reduce the importation of cooking oil which continue to use much of needed foreign earnings. 关键信息：在连续三次人口普查中，花生、葵花籽和芝麻的产量呈上升趋势，而油棕榈树的产量则有所波动。然而，产量的增加并没有减少食用油的进口，进口食用油继续占用大量外汇收入。
Policy implications: Implementation of policy and programs to increase production of oil seed, has shown a positive effect in the production of sunflower and sesame. Nevertheless, more efforts are needed to increase production of oil seed and gradually eliminate cooking oil importation. 政策影响：实施提高油籽产量的政策和计划，对葵花籽和芝麻的生产产生了积极影响。然而，还需要做出更多努力来提高油籽产量，并逐步取消食用油进口。
3.2.7 Irrigation Farming 3.2.7 灌溉农业
The 2019/20 NSCA results show that, total area irrigated was 289,386 hectares of which 272,897 ( 94.3 percent) were reported in Mainland Tanzania and 16,489 (5.7 percent) in Tanzania Zanzibar. Out of 7.8 million agricultural households, 411,108 ( 5.2 percent) households practiced irrigation in Tanzania. Of the total households used irrigation, 363,243 households ( 88.4 percent) were in Mainland Tanzania and 47,865 (11.6 percent) in Tanzania Zanzibar (Table 3.8). 2019/20 年度国家灌溉系统评估结果显示，灌溉总面积为 289,386 公顷，其中 272,897 公顷（94.3%）位于坦桑尼亚大陆，16,489 公顷（5.7%）位于坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔岛。在坦桑尼亚的 780 万农户中，有 411 108 户（5.2%）进行了灌溉。在使用灌溉的总户数中，363 243 户（88.4%）在坦桑尼亚大陆，47 865 户（11.6%）在坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔（表 3.8）。
Table 3.8: Number of Households and Area Used for Irrigation During 2019/20 Agricultural Year, Tanzania 表 3.8：2019/20 农业年坦桑尼亚灌溉户数和灌溉面积
Selected Characteristics 部分特征
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚
Mainland Tanzania 坦桑尼亚大陆
Tanzania Zanzibar 坦桑尼亚 桑给巴尔
Households involved in Agricultural activities 从事农业活动的家庭
