Research on the Role and Value of Vocational Skills Competition in Vocational Education
职业技能竞赛在职业教育中的作用与价值研究
Baozhong Liu 刘宝忠Sichuan Vocational and Technical College,Suining,629000, China
四川职业技术学院，四川 遂宁，629000
Abstract 抽象
This paper conducts an in-depth exploration of the status and value of vocational skill competitions in vocational education, clearly defines vocational skill competitions and their constituent elements, and elaborates on their impact and role in talent cultivation. Through competitions, students’ practical abilities and comprehensive qualities are enhanced, their employability competitiveness is strengthened, and at the same time, it promotes cooperation between schools and enterprises, injecting new vitality into the reform and development of vocational education. However, China’s vocational skill competitions currently face many challenges, such as imperfect competition organization and management, deviations between competition content and actual needs, and inadequate scientific evaluation standards. To address these issues, this paper proposes corresponding strategic suggestions, such as improving competition organization and management systems, strengthening the integration of competition content and actual needs, and optimizing competition evaluation standards. Looking forward to the future, the integrated development of vocational skill competitions and vocational education will become an important trend in the field of education.
本文对职业技能竞赛在职业教育中的地位和价值进行了深入探讨，明确了职业技能竞赛及其构成要素，并阐述了它们在人才培养中的影响和作用。通过竞赛活动，增强学生的实践能力和综合素质，加强学生的就业竞争力，同时促进校企合作，为职业教育改革发展注入新的活力。然而，我国职业技能竞赛目前面临诸多挑战，如竞赛组织管理不完善、竞赛内容与实际需求存在偏差、考核标准不科学等。针对这些问题，本文提出了相应的战略建议，如完善比赛组织管理体系、加强比赛内容与实际需求的整合、优化比赛评价标准等。展望未来，职业技能竞赛与职业教育融合发展将成为教育领域的重要趋势。
Key words: Vocational skills; Skills competition; Vocational education; Role of vocational education;Value of vocational education
关键词： 职业技能;技能竞赛;职业教育;职业教育的作用;职业教育的价值
1. Introduction 1. 引言
Vocational skill competitions are competition activities that mainly evaluate practical operation skills and application abilities, aiming to improve the vocational skills and comprehensive qualities of workers. Since the end of the 20th century, various countries around the world have launched various forms of vocational skill competitions, such as the World Skills Competition and the Vocational Skills Competition of the People’s Republic of China. Vocational skill competitions have gradually become an important part of the modern vocational education system, serving as an important bridge between schools and enterprises, as well as between theory and practice. It not only examines students’ skill levels, but also examines their overall qualities. Vocational skill competitions play an important role in improving students’ practical abilities and comprehensive qualities, enhancing their employment competitiveness. Additionally, vocational skill competitions also help to promote cooperation between schools and enterprises, further facilitating the reform and development of vocational education.
职业技能竞赛是以评价实际操作技能和应用能力为主，旨在提高职工职业技能和综合素质的竞赛活动。自 20 世纪末以来，世界各国纷纷开展了各种形式的职业技能竞赛，如世界技能大赛和中华人民共和国职业技能大赛。职业技能竞赛逐渐成为现代职业教育体系的重要组成部分，是学校与企业之间、理论与实践之间的重要桥梁。它不仅考察学生的技能水平，还考察他们的整体素质。职业技能竞赛对提高学生的实践能力和综合素质，增强学生的就业竞争力具有重要作用。此外，职业技能竞赛还有助于促进校企合作，进一步促进职业教育的改革和发展。
2. Components of vocational skills competition system
2. 职业技能竞赛制度的组成部分
The vocational skill competition system is a comprehensive system consisting of multiple elements, mainly including:
职业技能竞赛体系是一个由多个要素组成的综合体系，主要包括：
- Competition standards: The establishment and implementation of standards for vocational skills competitions are the foundation of the system. The standards should include competition objectives, competition content, competition methods, scoring criteria, etc., to ensure the fairness and objectivity of the competition.
竞赛标准：职业技能竞赛标准的建立和实施是制度的基础。标准应包括比赛目标、比赛内容、比赛方法、评分标准等，确保比赛的公正性和客观性。
- Competition organization: The organization of vocational skills competitions includes organizational structure, competition process, and time arrangement. The organizational structure should be professional and authoritative to ensure the smooth progress of the competition; the competition process should be clear and clear for participants to understand and operate; the time arrangement should be reasonable and compact to ensure the efficient progress of the competition.
竞赛组织：职业技能竞赛的组织包括组织架构、竞赛过程、时间安排等。组织架构应专业、权威，确保比赛顺利进行;比赛过程应清晰明了，以便参赛者理解和操作;时间安排要合理紧凑，保证比赛的高效进行。
- Competition resources: Vocational skills competitions require sufficient resources, including venues, equipment, funding, personnel, etc. These resources should be able to meet the needs of participants and ensure the smooth progress of the competition.
竞赛资源：职业技能竞赛需要足够的资源，包括场地、设备、资金、人员等。这些资源应该能够满足参赛者的需求，保证比赛的顺利进行。
- Competition evaluation: The evaluation of vocational skills competitions is an assessment and recognition of the skill level of the participants. The evaluation criteria should be scientific and reasonable, able to objectively reflect the skill level of the participants; the evaluation process should be fair and open, ensuring the objectivity and fairness of the evaluation results.
比赛评价：职业技能竞赛的评价是对参赛者技能水平的评估和认可。评价标准应科学合理，能够客观反映参与者的技能水平;评估过程应公平、公开，确保评估结果的客观公正。
3. Impact and role of skill competition on talent cultivation
3. 技能竞争对人才培养的影响及作用
- Vocational skills competition helps improve students’ practical ability
职业技能竞赛 提升学生动手能力
By participating in competitions, students can apply their knowledge to practical situations, use professional knowledge and skills to solve practical problems, and thus enhance their skills and practical abilities, deepen their understanding and memory of knowledge, and consolidate their learned knowledge. Because many competitions require students to complete practical operations themselves, such as electronic production and computer programming.
通过参加比赛，学生可以将所学知识应用到实际情境中，运用专业知识和技能解决实际问题，从而提升技能和动手能力，加深对知识的理解和记忆，巩固所学知识。因为很多比赛都要求学生自己完成实际操作，比如电子制作和电脑编程。
2. Skills competitions can enhance students’ innovative thinking and teamwork skills
2. 技能竞赛可以提高学生的创新思维和团队合作能力
Students need to face various complex problems and challenges in competitions and need to find new solutions and ideas, which helps develop their innovative thinking and problem-solving skills. Many competitions are team competitions, requiring multiple students to work together on a project or task. Players need to collaborate and cooperate with each other to complete the task. Students learn to cooperate with
学生需要在比赛中面对各种复杂的问题和挑战，并需要找到新的解决方案和想法，这有助于培养他们的创新思维和解决问题的能力。许多比赛是团队比赛，需要多名学生共同完成一个项目或任务。玩家需要相互协作和合作才能完成任务。学生学会合作
others and coordinate relationships among team members in this process, thereby improving their teamwork skills.
其他人并在此过程中协调团队成员之间的关系，从而提高他们的团队合作技能。
3. Skills competitions have an important impact on the cultivation of professional qualities
3. 技能竞赛对专业素养的培养具有重要影响
Professional quality refers to the qualities and abilities exhibited by individuals in their professional activities. It covers aspects such as professional ethics, professional awareness, and professional behavior habits. In various competitions, participating students not only need to follow the competition rules, but also abide by professional ethics norms and maintain an impartial and honest attitude. In addition, students need to understand and be familiar with professional standards and industry norms during the competition process. Through effective communication and collaboration with others, students can gradually develop good professional awareness and behavior habits. Such experience helps to cultivate students’ professional ethics and integrity, laying a solid foundation for their future careers, and is of great significance for improving students’ comprehensive quality and employment competitiveness.
专业素质是指个人在其专业活动中表现出的品质和能力。它涵盖了职业道德、职业意识和职业行为习惯等方面。在各种比赛中，参赛学生不仅需要遵守比赛规则，还要遵守职业道德规范，保持公正和诚实的态度。此外，学生在比赛过程中需要理解和熟悉专业标准和行业规范。通过与他人的有效沟通和协作，学生可以逐渐养成良好的职业意识和行为习惯。这些经历有助于培养学生的职业道德和诚信，为他们未来的职业生涯打下坚实的基础，对提高学生的综合素质和就业竞争力具有重要意义。
4. Challenges and countermeasures for vocational skills competitions
4. 职业技能竞赛的挑战和对策
- Major problems faced by China’s vocational skills competitions
中国职业技能竞赛面临的主要问题
The organization and management of competitions are not perfect: At present, the organization and management system of vocational skills competitions in China is not sound enough, and there is a lack of unified standards and norms. Provincial and national-level skills competitions, as well as skills competitions hosted by different departments, have significant differences in organization and management, resulting in some omissions in the preparation and organization of competitions, leading to uneven competition quality.
竞赛的组织管理不完善：目前我国职业技能竞赛的组织管理制度不够健全，缺乏统一的标准和规范。省级和国家级技能竞赛，以及不同部门主办的技能竞赛，在组织和管理上存在显著差异，导致比赛的筹备和组织存在一些疏漏，导致比赛质量参差不齐。
The content of the competition is out of touch with the actual needs: The content of some vocational skills competitions is out of touch with the actual needs. Industry leading enterprises are not willing to provide technical support for the competition, and the enterprises that provide technical support have insufficient influence in the industry. The content of the competition fails to fully reflect the latest trends and requirements of industry development. This makes the skills and knowledge gained by participants in the competition have limited application in practical work.
比赛内容与实际需求脱节：部分职业技能竞赛内容与实际需求脱节。行业龙头企业不愿意为竞争提供技术支持，提供技术支持的企业在行业内的影响力不足。比赛内容未能充分反映行业发展的最新趋势和要求。这使得参赛者在比赛中获得的技能和知识在实际工作中的应用有限。
The evaluation criteria for competitions are not scientific enough: At present, the evaluation of some vocational skills competitions lacks unified standards and norms, and the evaluation results are influenced by the subjective and experiential differences of the judges. Some evaluation criteria are too one-sided, focusing on the performance of certain aspects while ignoring other abilities. For example, some competitions only focus on the skill level of the participants, ignoring their teamwork, communication skills, and other abilities, resulting in incomplete and unfair evaluation results, which affect the enthusiasm of the participants and the credibility of the competition, and have a negative impact on the quality and effectiveness of vocational education.
比赛的评价标准不够科学：目前，一些职业技能竞赛的评价缺乏统一的标准和规范，评价结果受评委主观和经验差异的影响。有些评价标准过于片面，只关注某些方面的表现而忽略了其他能力。例如，一些比赛只关注参赛者的技能水平，忽视了他们的团队合作、沟通技巧和其他能力，导致考核结果不完整、不公正，影响了参赛者的积极性和比赛的公信力，对职业教育的质量和效果产生了负面影响。
2. Strategies and suggestions for solving these problems
2. 解决这些问题的策略和建议
Improve the competition organization and management system: Establishing uniform standards and norms can avoid significant differences in the organization and management of skill competitions hosted by different departments, thereby ensuring the quality of the competition. At the same time, establishing a dedicated management organization can ensure the formulation and implementation of competition rules, as well as supervise the competition process, ensuring the fairness and impartiality of the competition. Strengthening coordination and communication between provincial and national skill competitions is beneficial to the cooperation of competitions at all levels, ensuring the smooth progress of the preparation and organization work.
完善比赛组织管理制度：建立统一的标准和规范，可以避免不同部门主办的技能比赛组织管理出现重大差异，从而保证比赛质量。同时，建立专门的管理机构可以保证比赛规则的制定和实施，以及监督比赛过程，确保比赛的公平公正。加强省级和国家级技能竞赛之间的协调和沟通，有利于各级竞赛的配合，保证筹备和组织工作的顺利进行。
Strengthening the combination of competition content and practical needs: The core purpose of vocational skills competitions is to significantly improve the practical operation ability and overall quality of participants. Therefore, the design of competition content must closely match the actual application needs, ensuring that the competition content is highly compatible with the actual work scenario. In addition, actively guiding industry leading enterprises to participate in the competition and providing technical support will greatly enhance the authority and practicality of the competition content. Strengthening cooperation with various enterprises, deeply understanding the specific needs and expectations of enterprises, and integrating them into the competition content will help meet the needs of enterprises for outstanding talents and significantly enhance the employment competitiveness of participants.
加强竞赛内容与实际需求的结合：职业技能竞赛的核心目的是显著提高参赛者的实际操作能力和综合素质。因此，竞赛内容的设计必须紧密匹配实际应用需求，确保竞赛内容与实际工作场景高度契合。此外，积极引导行业龙头企业参与比赛并提供技术支持，将大大提升比赛内容的权威性和实用性。加强与各企业的合作，深入了解企业的具体需求和期望，并将其融入到竞赛内容中，将有助于满足企业对优秀人才的需求，并显著提升参赛者的就业竞争力。
Improve the evaluation criteria for competitions: Evaluation criteria are one of the core aspects of vocational skills competitions, and their scientificity and objectivity have a crucial impact on the fairness and impartiality of the competition. Formulating scientific, objective and comprehensive evaluation criteria can ensure the accuracy and fairness of the evaluation results. Establishing an evaluation criteria formulation committee, with industry experts, education experts, and other stakeholders jointly developing evaluation criteria, can ensure the scientificity and objectivity of the evaluation criteria. Introducing third-party evaluation agencies to supervise and assess the evaluation process can ensure the fairness and accuracy of the evaluation results, and improve the credibility and authority of the evaluation results.
完善比赛评价标准：评价标准是职业技能竞赛的核心环节之一，其科学性、客观性对比赛的公平公正具有至关重要的影响。制定科学、客观、全面的评价标准，可以保证评价结果的准确性和公正性。成立评价标准制定委员会，由行业专家、教育专家等利益相关方共同制定评价标准，可以保证评价标准的科学性和客观性。引入第三方评估机构对评估过程进行监督评估，可以保证评估结果的公正性和准确性，提高评估结果的公信力和权威性。
Improving the professionalism and fairness awareness of referees: Strengthening the training and assessment of referees can improve their professionalism and fairness awareness, enabling them to evaluate contestants more objectively. Establishing a referee reputation file can track and evaluate referees, commend and reward outstanding referees, and criticize and punish poor referees, helping to ensure that referees always maintain a fair and objective attitude.
提高裁判员的专业性和公平意识：加强对裁判员的培训和考核，可以提高他们的专业素养和公平意识，使他们能够更客观地评价参赛者。建立裁判员声誉档案可以跟踪和评估裁判员，对优秀裁判员进行表彰和奖励，对质量差的裁判员进行批评和处罚，有助于确保裁判员始终保持公正客观的态度。
5. Looking towards the future: Integration and development of skills competition and vocational education.
5. 展望未来：技能竞赛与职业教育的融合和发展。
- Future development trend of skill competition and vocational education
技能竞赛与职业教育的未来发展趋势
Vocational skills competitions are not only a platform for showing skills, but also an important way to enhance practical abilities and professional qualities. Vocational education is an educational system established to meet the needs of society for talents, emphasizing the combination of practical work scenarios and theoretical knowledge. With the rapid development of science and technology and the continuous adjustment of industrial structure, the integrated development of the two will become an important trend in the field of education, and will jointly contribute to the cultivation of talents with high quality and practical abilities.
职业技能竞赛不仅是展示技能的平台，也是提升实践能力和专业素养的重要途径。职业教育是为满足社会对人才的需求而建立的教育体系，强调实际工作场景与理论知识相结合。随着科学技术的飞速发展和产业结构的不断调整，两者融合发展将成为教育领域的重要趋势，并将共同为培养高素质和实践能力的人才做出贡献。
2. Skills competitions serve the development needs of vocational education
2. 技能竞赛服务于职业教育发展需要
In order to meet the development needs of vocational education, skill competitions need to be continuously innovated and improved. The content and form of competitions should be consistent with the training objectives of vocational education, in line with industry development trends, and truly reflect the needs of actual work scenarios. More real work scenarios and cases should be introduced to provide students with a valuable competition environment that is closer to the actual work environment. Through close cooperation with enterprises, skill competitions can obtain more practical resources and cases, thus providing students with a competition environment that is closer to the actual work scenario and more practical opportunities, and improving their practical ability and professional literacy. In this way, skill competitions are beneficial to the curriculum reform and teaching innovation of vocational education, promoting the updating of curriculum content and improving teaching methods, making vocational education more in line with the needs of industry development.
为了满足职业教育的发展需求，技能竞赛需要不断创新和改进。竞赛的内容和形式应与职业教育的培训目标相一致，符合行业发展趋势，并真实反映实际工作场景的需求。应引入更多真实的工作场景和案例，为学生提供更贴近实际工作环境的有价值的竞赛环境。通过与企业的密切合作，技能竞赛可以获得更多的实践资源和案例，从而为学生提供更贴近实际工作场景的竞赛环境和更多的实践机会，提高学生的动手能力和专业素养。这样，技能竞赛有利于职业教育的课程改革和教学创新，促进课程内容的更新和改进教学方法，使职业教育更符合行业发展的需要。
3. Assumptions on the construction of the future vocational skill competition system
3. 未来职业技能竞赛体系构建的假设
In order to ensure the smooth development and standardization of vocational skills competitions, we need to take a series of measures. Firstly, we need to establish a full-time organization to be responsible for the planning, organization and implementation of the competition. At the same time, we need to establish a sound operational mechanism, including competition regulations, financial management, event promotion, etc., to ensure the smooth progress of the competition.
为了保证职业技能竞赛的顺利开展和规范化，我们需要采取一系列措施。首先，我们需要建立一个专职的组织机构，负责比赛的策划、组织和实施。同时，我们需要建立完善的运行机制，包括比赛规则、财务管理、赛事推广等，确保比赛的顺利进行。
Secondly, we should pay attention to the design and updating of competition content. According to the trend of technological development in the industry, we need to constantly update and adjust the competition content, focusing on practicality and innovation. In addition, we should strengthen communication and cooperation with other fields or industries, introducing more advanced concepts and technologies to ensure that the competition content remains in sync with industry trends and provides students with broader opportunities for practice.
其次，要注意比赛内容的设计和更新。根据行业技术发展的趋势，我们需要不断更新和调整比赛内容，注重实用性和创新性。此外，加强与其他领域或行业的交流与合作，引入更先进的理念和技术，确保比赛内容与行业趋势同步，为学生提供更广泛的实践机会。
In terms of teachers, we need to strengthen the construction of the teaching staff and improve their practical ability and teaching level. At the same time, we should also strengthen the training and guidance of students to improve their practical ability and professional literacy. Excellent teachers and training level are important guarantees to ensure students receive high-quality education.
在师资力量方面，需要加强师资队伍建设，提高师资队伍的实践能力和教学水平。同时，也要加强对学生的培训和指导，提高学生的实践能力和专业素养。优秀的师资队伍和培训水平是保证学生接受高质量教育的重要保证。
In order to expand the influence and social benefits of the competition, we should strengthen the promotion and promotion of the competition through various channels. This can not only enhance the visibility and influence of the competition, but also attract more students and enterprises to participate in the competition.
为了扩大比赛的影响力和社会效益，应通过各种渠道加强对比赛的宣传和推广。这样不仅可以提升比赛的知名度和影响力，还可以吸引更多的学生和企业参与比赛。
Finally, we need to establish scientific evaluation standards and evaluation systems as well as sound incentive mechanisms. These measures can stimulate students’ enthusiasm and self-confidence, and promote them to achieve better results in competitions.
最后，要建立科学的评价标准和评价体系，建立健全激励机制。这些措施可以激发学生的积极性和自信心，促进他们在比赛中取得更好的成绩。
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