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Academic word list
学术词汇表

Academic Word List Coxhead (2000). The most frequent word in each family is in italics. There are 570 headwords and about 3000 words altogether. For more information see The Academic Word List. For more practice see: Schmitt & Schmitt (2005), or the Compleat Lexical Tutor.
第50集9.4 The Dog（2000）每个家族中最常见的单词是斜体字。全书共有词目570个，约3000字。欲了解更多信息，请参阅学术词汇表。更多的练习参见：施密特&施密特（2005），或完整的词汇辅导。

If you have an iPhone and want to practise these words, you could try: Flashcards Deluxe. Install the application, then search in the shared library for "Academic Word List".
如果你有一个iPhone，想练习这些单词，你可以试试：豪华抽认卡。安装应用程序，然后在共享库中搜索“学术词汇表”。

*Definitions linked to: Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (Used with permission)
* 定义链接到：剑桥高级学习词典（经许可使用）

Headwords 词目	Other words in the family. 家里的其他话。	Definition* 定义 *
abandon 放弃	abandoned, abandoning, abandonment, abandons, e.g. 被抛弃的，例如	abandon 放弃
abstract 摘要	abstraction, abstractions, abstractly, abstracts, e.g. 抽象，抽象，抽象地，抽象，例如	abstract 摘要
academy 学院	academia, academic, academically, academics, academies, e.g. academic，学术上，academically，学术界，学院，例如。	academy 学院
access 接入	accessed, accesses, accessibility, accessible, accessing, inaccessible accessible，accessibility，accessible	access 访问S
accommodate 容纳	accommodated, accommodates, accommodating, accommodation 适应，适应	accommodate 容纳
accompany 陪	accompanied, accompanies, accompaniment, accompanying, unaccompanied 陪伴，无陪伴	accompany 陪
accumulate 积累	accumulated, accumulating, accumulation, accumulates 积累，积累	accumulate 积累
accurate 准确	accuracy, accurately, inaccuracy, inaccuracies, inaccurate 准确，准确，不准确	accurate 准确
achieve 实现	achievable, achieved, achievement, achievements, achieves, achieving achievable，achievable	achieve 实现
acknowledge 承认	acknowledged, acknowledges, acknowledging, acknowledgement, acknowledgements 承认，承认	acknowledge 承认
acquire 获取	acquired, acquires, acquiring, acquisition, acquisitions 收购，收购	acquire 获取
adapt 适应	adaptability, adaptable, adaptation, adaptations, adapted, adapting, adaptive, adapts adaptation，adaptation	adapt 适应
adequate 足够	adequacy, adequately, inadequacies, inadequacy, inadequate, inadequately 适当的，适当的，不适当的，不充分的，不适当的	adequate 足够
adjacent 相邻		adjacent 相邻
adjust 调整	adjusted, adjusting, adjustment, adjustments, adjusts, readjust, readjusted, readjusting, readjustment, readjustments, readjusts adjusted，adjusting，adjustment，adjustments，adjusts，adjust	adjust 调整
administrate 行政	administrates, administration, administrations, administrative, administratively, administrator, administrators administrates，administration，administrations，administrative，administratively，administrator，administrators	administrate 行政
adult 成人	adulthood, adults 成年人，adults	adult 成人
advocate 倡导	advocacy, advocated, advocates, advocating 提倡，提倡	advocate 倡导
affect 影响	affected, affecting, affective, affectively, affects, unaffected affected，affecting，affective，affectly，affects，unaffected	affect 影响
aggregate 骨料	aggregated, aggregates, aggregating, aggregation 聚集，聚集	aggregate 骨料
aid 援助	aided, aiding, aids, unaided 援助，援助，艾滋病，无援助	aid 援助
albeit 尽管		albeit 尽管
allocate 分配	allocated, allocates, allocating, allocation, allocations 分配，分配	allocate 分配
alter 改变	alterable, alteration, alterations, altered, altering, alternate, alternating, alters, unalterable, unaltered 可改变的，不可改变的，不可改变的	alter 改变
alternative 替代	alternatively, alternatives 或者，替代方案	alternative 替代
ambiguous 模棱两可	ambiguities, ambiguity, unambiguous, unambiguously 模棱两可，模棱两可，毫不含糊，毫不含糊	ambiguous 模棱两可
amend 修订	amended, amending, amendment, amendments, amends 修正，修正	amend 修订
analogy 类比	analogies, analogous 类比	analogy 类比
analyse 分析	analysed, analyser, analysers, analyses, analysing, analysis, analyst, analysts, analytic, analytical, analytically 分析，分析	analyse 分析
annual 年度	annually 每年	annual 年度
anticipate 预期	anticipated, anticipates, anticipating, anticipation, unanticipated predicted，predicting，predicting，predicting，unpredicted	anticipate 预期
apparent 显而易见	apparently 显然	apparent 显而易见
append	appendix, appended, appends, appending, appendices, appendixes appendix，appendix	append
appreciate 欣赏	appreciable, appreciably, appreciated, appreciates, appreciating, appreciation, unappreciated appreciate，appreciably，appreciated，appreciate，unappreciated	appreciate 欣赏
approach 方法	approachable, approached, approaches, approaching, unapproachable 可接近的，不可接近的	approach 方法
appropriate 适当	appropriacy, appropriately, appropriateness, inappropriacy, inappropriate, inappropriately 适当的，适当的，不适当的，不适当的	appropriate 适当
approximate 近似	approximated, approximately, approximates, approximating, approximation, approximations 近似的，近似的	approximate 近似
arbitrary 任意	arbitrariness, arbitrarily 任意的，武断的	arbitrary 任意
area 区域	areas 地区	area 区域
aspect 方面	aspects 方面	aspect 方面
assemble 组装	assembled, assembles, assemblies, assembling, assembly 组装，装配	assemble 组装
assess 评估	assessable, assessed, assesses, assessing, assessment, assessments, reassess, reassessed, reassessing, reassessment, unassessed 可评估的、评估的、重新评估的、未评估的	assess 评估
assign 分配	assigned, assigning, assignment, assignments, assigns, reassign, reassigned, reassigning, reassigns, unassigned 已分配，重新分配，未分配	assign 分配
assist 协助	assistance, assistant, assistants, assisted, assisting, assists, unassisted 协助，无协助	assist 协助
assume 假设	assumed, assumes, assuming, assumption, assumptions 假设，假设，假设，假设	assume 假设
assure 保证	assurance, assurances, assured, assuredly, assures, assuring 保证，保证，保证，保证，保证	assure 保证
attach 附着	attached, attaches, attaching, attachment, attachments, unattached attached，attached，attaching，attachment，attachments，unattached	attach 附着
attain 实现	attainable, attained, attaining, attainment, attainments, attains, unattainable reachable，reachable	attain 实现
attitude 态度	attitudes 态度	attitude 态度
attribute 属性	attributable, attributed, attributes, attributing, attribution 归因，归因	attribute 属性
author 作者	authored, authoring, authors, authorship 作者，作者，作者	author 作者
authority 权威	authoritative, authorities 权威的，权威的	authority 权威
automate 自动化	automatic, automated, automates, automating, automatically, automation 自动的，自动化的	automate 自动化
available 可用	availability, unavailable 可用性，不可用	available 可用
aware 意识	awareness, unaware 意识，不知道	aware 意识
behalf 代表		behalf 代表
benefit 受益	beneficial, beneficiary, beneficiaries, benefited, benefiting, benefits 受益人，受益人，受益人	benefit 受益
bias 偏置	biased, biases, biasing, unbiased 有偏见的，无偏见的	bias 偏置
bond 债券	bonded, bonding, bonds 粘合，粘合，粘合	bond 债券
brief 简要	brevity, briefed, briefing, briefly, briefs 简短，简要	brief 简要
bulk 散装	bulky 笨重	bulk 散装
capable 能够	capabilities, capability, incapable 能力，能力，能力	capable 能够
capacity 能力	capacities, incapacitate, incapacitated capacities，capacitate，capacitated	capacity 能力
category 类别	categories, categorisation, categorise, categorised, categorises, categorising, categorizing 分类，分类	category 类别
cease 停止	ceased, ceaseless, ceases, ceasing 停止，停止，停止	cease 停止
challenge 挑战	challenged, challenger, challengers, challenges, challenging 挑战者，挑战者，挑战，挑战	challenge 挑战
channel 信道	channelled, channelling, channels channeled，channeling，channels	channel 信道
chapter 章	chapters 章	chapter 章
chart 图表	charted, charting, charts, uncharted Charted，charting，charts，uncharted	chart 图表
chemical 化学	chemically, chemicals 化学，化学	chemical 化学
circumstance 情况	circumstances 情况	circumstance 情况
cite 引用	citation, citations, cited, citing, cites 引用，引用	cite 引用
civil 民间		civil 民间
clarify 澄清	clarification, clarified, clarifies, clarifying, clarity 澄清，澄清	clarify 澄清
classic 经典	classical, classics 古典的，古典的	classic 经典
clause 条款	clauses 条款	clause 条款
code 代码	coded, codes, coding 编码，编码，编码	code 代码
coherent 相干	coherence, coherently, incoherent, incoherently coherently，coherently，inconcoherently	coherent 相干
coincide 重合	coincided, coincides, coinciding, coincidence, coincidences, coincident, coincidental 巧合，巧合	coincide 重合
collapse 崩溃	collapsed, collapses, collapsible, collapsing 倒塌，倒塌	collapse 崩溃
colleague 同事	colleagues 同事	colleague 同事
commence 开始	commenced, commences, commencement, commencing, recommences, recommenced, recommencing 开始，重新开始	commence 开始
comment 评论	commentaries, commentary, commentator, commentators, commented, commenting, comments 评论，评论，评论员，评论	comment 评论
commission 委员会	commissioned, commissioner, commissioners, commissioning, commissions 委托，专员，专员，委托，佣金	commission 委员会
commit 承诺	commitment, commitments, commits, committed, committing 承诺，承诺，承诺，承诺，承诺	commit 承诺
commodity 商品	commodities 商品	commodity 商品
communicate 通信	communicable, communicated, communicates, communicating, communication, communications, communicative, communicatively, uncommunicative communicate，communicated，communicates，communicating，communication，communication，communicating，communicating，communicating，communicating，uncommunicating	communicate 通信
community 社区	communities 社区	community 社区
compatible 兼容	compatibility, incompatibility, incompatible 兼容性，不兼容性，不兼容	compatible 兼容
compensate 补偿	compensated, compensates, compensating, compensation, compensations, compensatory 补偿的，补偿的	compensate 补偿
compile 编译	compilation, compilations, compiled, compiles, compiling 编译，编译	compile 编译
complement 补充	complementary, complemented, complementing, complements 互补的，补充的，补充的	complement 补充
complex 复杂	complexities, complexity 复杂，复杂	complex 复杂
component 组件	componentry, components 组件	component 组件
compound 化合物	compounded, compounding, compounds 复合的，复合的，复合物	compound 化合物
comprehensive 全面	comprehensively 全面	comprehensive 全面
comprise 包括	comprised, comprises, comprising 包括，包括，包括	comprise 包括
compute 计算	computation, computational, computations, computable, computer, computed, computerised, computers, computing 计算，可计算的，计算机，计算，计算机化，计算机，计算	compute 计算
conceive 怀孕	conceivable, conceivably, conceived, conceives, conceiving, inconceivable, inconceivably considerably，considerably，considerably，inconsiderably，inconsiderably，inconsiderably	conceive 怀孕
concentrate 浓缩物	concentrated, concentrates, concentrating, concentration 浓缩，浓缩	concentrate 浓缩物
concept 概念	conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualisation, conceptualise, conceptualised, conceptualises, conceptualising, conceptually concept，concepts，conceptualises，conceptualises，conceptualising，conceptualising，conceptually	concept 概念
conclude 缔结	concluded, concludes, concluding, conclusion, conclusions, conclusive, conclusively, inconclusive, inconclusively 结论，结论性的，决定性的，非决定性的	conclude 缔结
concurrent 并发	concurrently 同时	concurrent 并发
conduct 进行	conducted, conducting, conducts 进行，进行，进行	conduct 进行
confer 赋予	conference, conferences, conferred, conferring, confers 会议，会议，授予	confer 赋予
confine 限制	confined, confines, confining, unconfined 受限制的，不受限制的	confine 限制
confirm 确认	confirmation, confirmed, confirming, confirms 确认，确认	confirm 确认
conflict 冲突	conflicted, conflicting, conflicts 冲突，冲突，冲突	conflict 冲突
conform 符合	conformable, conformability, conformance, conformation, conformed, conforming, conformist, conformists, conformity, conforms, nonconformist, nonconformists, nonconformity, non-conformist, non-conformists, non-conformity conformable，conformability，conformity，conformable，conformist，conformists，conformity，conforms，non-conformist，non-conformists，non-conformity，non-conformists，non-conformists，non-conformity	conform 符合
consent 同意	consensus, consented, consenting, consents consensus，consensus	consent 同意
consequent 随之	consequence, consequences, consequently 后果，后果，后果	consequent 随之
considerable 相当大	considerably 大大	considerable 相当大
consist 组成	consisted, consistency, consistent, consistently, consisting, consists, inconsistencies, inconsistency, inconsistent 组成，一致性，一致，一致，组成，组成，不一致	consist 组成
constant 恒定	constancy, constantly, constants, inconstancy, inconstantly constancy，constantly，constantly，inconstantly，inconstantly	constant 恒定
constitute 构成	constituencies, constituency, constituent, constituents, constituted, constitutes, constituting, constitution, constitutions, constitutional, constitutionally, constitutive, unconstitutional constitutional，unconstitutional，constitutional，constit	constitute 构成
constrain 约束	constrained, constraining, constrains, constraint, constraints, unconstrained 约束，约束，无约束	constrain 约束
construct 构建体	constructed, constructing, construction, constructions, constructive, constructs, reconstruct, reconstructed, reconstructing, reconstruction, reconstructs constructed，reconstructed	construct 构建体
consult 咨询	consultancy, consultant, consultants, consultation, consultations, consultative, consulted, consults, consulting consultant，consultants，consultancy，consultations，consultants，consultations，consultative，consultants，consultations，consultative，consultant，consultants，consultant，consultations，consultative，consultant，consultants，consultant，consultants，consultation	consult 咨询
consume 消耗	consumed, consumer, consumers, consumes, consuming, consumption 消费者，消费者	consume 消耗
contact 接触	contactable, contacted, contacting, contacts 可联系的，联系的，联系的，联系人	contact 接触
contemporary 当代	contemporaries 同时代	contemporary 当代
context 上下文	contexts, contextual, contextualise, contextualised, contextualising, uncontextualised contextual，contextualise，contextualised，contextualising，uncontextualised	context 上下文
contract 合同	contracted, contracting, contractor, contractors, contracts 承包商，合同	contract 合同
contradict 矛盾	contradicted, contradicting, contradiction, contradictions, contradictory, contradicts 矛盾的，矛盾的	contradict 矛盾
contrary 相反	contrarily 相反	contrary 相反
contrast 对比	contrasted, contrasting, contrastive, contrasts 对比，对比	contrast 对比
contribute 贡献	contributed, contributes, contributing, contribution, contributions, contributor, contributors 贡献者，贡献者	contribute 贡献
controversy 争议	controversies, controversial, controversially, uncontroversial 争议，有争议的，有争议的，无争议的	controversy 争议
convene 召开	convention, convenes, convened, convening, conventional, conventionally, conventions, unconventional conventional，conventional	convene 召开
converse 匡威	conversely 相反	converse 匡威
convert 转换	conversion, conversions, converted, convertible, converting, converts 转换，可转换，转换，转换	convert 转换
convince 说服	convinced, convinces, convincing, convincingly, unconvinced convinced，convinced，convincing，convincingly，unconvinced	convince 说服
cooperate 合作	cooperated, cooperates, cooperating, cooperation, cooperative, cooperatively, co-operate, co-operated, co-operates, co-operation, co-operative, co-operatively cooperated，cooperating，cooperative	cooperate 合作
coordinate 坐标	coordinated, coordinates, coordinating, coordination, coordinator, coordinators, co-ordinate, co-ordinated, co-ordinates, co-ordinating, co-ordination, co-ordinator, co-ordinators 协调的，协调的	coordinate 坐标
core 核心	cores, coring, cored 岩心，取芯，有芯的	core 核心
corporate 企业	corporates, corporation, corporations 公司，公司，公司	corporate 企业
correspond 对应	corresponded, correspondence, corresponding, correspondingly, corresponds 对应的，对应的，对应的	correspond 对应
couple 几	coupled, coupling, couples 耦合，耦合，耦合	couple 几
create 创建	created, creates, creating, creation, creations, creative, creatively, creativity, creator, creators, recreate, recreated, recreates, recreating 创造的，创造性的，创造者，创造者，重新创造	create 创建
credit 信用	credited, crediting, creditor, creditors, credits 贷记，贷方，债权人，债权人，贷项	credit 信用
criteria 标准	criterion 标准	criteria 标准
crucial 关键	crucially 至关	crucial 关键
culture 文化	cultural, culturally, cultured, cultures, uncultured 文化的，非文化的	culture 文化
currency 货币	currencies 货币	currency 货币
cycle 周期	cycled, cycles, cyclic, cyclical, cycling 循环的，循环的，循环的，循环的	cycle 周期
data 数据		data 数据
debate 辩论	debatable, debated, debates, debating 辩论，辩论，辩论	debate 辩论
decade 十年	decades 几十年	decade 十年
decline 下降	declined, declines, declining 下降，下降，下降	decline 下降
deduce 推断	deduced, deduces, deducing, deduction, deductions 演绎，演绎	deduce 推断
define 定义	definable, defined, defines, defining, definition, definitions, redefine, redefined, redefines, redefining, undefined definable，defined，defines，defining，definition，definitions，definition	define 定义
definite 明确	definitely, definitive, indefinite, indefinitely 明确的，不确定的，不确定的	definite 明确
demonstrate 证明	demonstrable, demonstrably, demonstrated, demonstrates, demonstrating, demonstration, demonstrations, demonstrative, demonstratively, demonstrator, demonstrators 可证明的，可证明的	demonstrate 证明
denote 表示	denotation, denotations, denoted, denotes, denoting 表示，表示	denote 表示
deny 否认	deniable, denial, denials, denied, denies, denying, undeniable 否认，否认	deny 否认
depress 压低	depressed, depresses, depressing, depression 沮丧，沮丧	depress 压低
derive 导出	derivation, derivations, derivative, derivatives, derived, derives, deriving 推导，推导，推导	derive 导出
design 设计	designed, designer, designers, designing, designs 设计，设计师，设计师，设计，设计	design 设计
despite 尽管		despite 尽管
detect 检测	detectable, detected, detecting, detection, detective, detectives, detector, detectors, detects 可检测的，可检测的	detect 检测
deviate 偏离	deviated, deviates, deviating, deviation, deviations 偏离，偏离	deviate 偏离
device 装置	devices 设备	device 装置
devote 投入	devoted, devotedly, devotes, devoting, devotion, devotions 奉献，奉献	devote 投入
differentiate 区分	differentiated, differentiates, differentiating, differentiation 分化，分化	differentiate 区分
dimension 尺寸	dimensional, dimensions, multidimensional 多维的	dimension 尺寸
diminish 减少	diminished, diminishes, diminishing, diminution, undiminished 减少的，不减少的	diminish 减少
discrete 离散	discretely, discretion, discretionary, indiscrete, indiscretion discrete，discretion，discretion，discretion，discretion	discrete 离散
discriminate 歧视	discriminated, discriminates, discriminating, discrimination 歧视，歧视，歧视	discriminate 歧视
displace 取代	displaced, displacement, displaces, displacing 位移，位移	displace 取代
display 显示	displayed, displaying, displays 显示，显示，显示	display 显示
dispose 处置	disposable, disposal, disposed, disposes, disposing disposable，disposable	dispose 处置
distinct 不同	distinction, distinctions, distinctive, distinctively, distinctly, indistinct, indistinctly 区别，区别，独特的，独特的，明显的，明显的，模糊的，模糊的	distinct 不同
distort 扭曲	distorted, distorting, distortion, distortions, distorts 扭曲的，扭曲的，扭曲的，扭曲的	distort 扭曲
distribute 分发	distributed, distributing, distribution, distributional, distributions, distributive, distributor, distributors, redistribute, redistributed, redistributes, redistributing, redistribution distributed，distributor，distributors，redistributor	distribute 分发
diverse 多样化	diversely, diversification, diversified, diversifies, diversify, diversifying, diversity 多样化，多样化	diverse 多样化
document 文件	documentation, documented, documenting, documents 文档，记录，文档，文档	document 文件
domain 域	domains 域	domain 域
domestic 国内	domestically, domesticate, domesticated, domesticating, domestics 驯化的，驯化的	domestic 国内
dominate 主导	dominance, dominant, dominated, dominates, dominating, domination 支配，支配	dominate 主导
draft 草案	drafted, drafting, drafts, redraft, redrafted, redrafting, redrafts 起草，起草，草稿，重新起草	draft 草案
drama 戏剧	dramas, dramatic, dramatically, dramatise, dramatised, dramatising, dramatises, dramatisation, dramatisations, dramatist, dramatists, dramatization, dramatizations, dramatizing dramatic，dramatized，dramatizing，dramatization	drama 戏剧
duration 持续时间		duration 持续时间
dynamic 动态	dynamically, dynamics 动力学，动力学	dynamic 动态
economy 经济	economic, economical, economically, economics, economies, economist, economists, uneconomical 经济的，经济的，经济的，经济学的，经济学家，经济学家，经济学家，不经济的	economy 经济
edit 编辑	edited, editing, edition, editions, editor, editorial, editorials, editors, edits edited，editing，edition，editions，editor，editorial，editorials，editors，editions，编辑，编辑	edit 编辑
element 元件	elements 元件	element 元件
eliminate 消除	eliminated, eliminates, eliminating, elimination 消除，消除	eliminate 消除
emerge 出现	emerged, emergence, emergent, emerges, emerging 出现，出现，涌现	emerge 出现
emphasis 重点	emphasise, emphasised, emphasising, emphatic, emphatically 强调，强调	emphasis 重点
empirical 实证	empirically, empiricism 经验主义	empirical 实证
enable 使	enabled, enables, enabling 启用，启用，启用	enable 使
encounter 遇到	encountered, encountering, encounters 遭遇，遭遇，遭遇	encounter 遇到
energy 能源	energetic, energetically, energies 精力充沛，精力充沛，精力充沛	energy 能源
enforce 执行	enforced, enforcement, enforces, enforcing 强制执行，强制执行，强制执行	enforce 执行
enhance 增强	enhanced, enhancement, enhances, enhancing 增强，增强	enhance 增强
enormous 巨大	enormity, enormously 巨大的，	enormous 巨大
ensure 确保	ensured, ensures, ensuring 确保，确保，确保	ensure 确保
entity 实体	entities 实体	entity 实体
environment 环境	environmental, environmentalist, environmentalists, environmentally, environments 环境，环境保护主义者，环境，环境	environment 环境
equate 等同	equated, equates, equating, equation, equations equated，equates，equating，equation，equations	equate 等同
equip 装备	equipment, equipped, equipping, equips 装备，装备，装备	equip 装备
equivalent 等效	equivalence 等价	equivalent 等效
erode 侵蚀	eroded, erodes, eroding, erosion 侵蚀，侵蚀	erode 侵蚀
error 误差	erroneous, erroneously, errors 错误的，错误的，错误的	error 误差
establish 建立	disestablish, disestablished, disestablishes, disestablishing, disestablishment, established, establishes, establishing, establishment, establishments disestablished，disestablished，disestablishing，disestablishment，established，established，establishing，establishment，establishment，establishments	establish 建立
estate 地产	estates 屋	estate 地产
estimate 估计	estimated, estimates, estimating, estimation, estimations, over-estimate, overestimate, overestimated, overestimates, overestimating, underestimate, underestimated, underestimates, underestimating 估计，估计，高估，低估，低估	estimate 估计
ethic 伦理	ethical, ethically, ethics, unethical 道德的，道德上的，道德的，不道德的	ethic 伦理
ethnic 民族	ethnicity 族裔	ethnic 民族
evaluate 评价	evaluated, evaluates, evaluating, evaluation, evaluations, evaluative, re-evaluate, re-evaluated, re-evaluates, re-evaluating, re-evaluation evaluated，evaluates，evaluation，evaluative，re-evaluate，re-evaluated，re-evaluate	evaluate 评价
eventual 最终	eventuality, eventually 最终，	eventual 最终
evident 明显	evidenced, evidence, evidential, evidently evidence，evidence，evidence，evidence，evidence	evident 明显
evolve 进化	evolution, evolved, evolving, evolves, evolutionary, evolutionist, evolutionists evolution，evolved，evolving，evolved	evolve 进化
exceed 超过	exceeded, exceeding, exceeds 超越，超越，超越	exceed 超过
exclude 排除	excluded, excludes, excluding, exclusion, exclusionary, exclusionist, exclusions, exclusive, exclusively 排除，排除	exclude 排除
exhibit 表现出	exhibited, exhibiting, exhibition, exhibitions, exhibits 展览，展览	exhibit 表现出
expand 扩大	expanded, expanding, expands, expansion, expansionism, expansive 膨胀，膨胀主义，膨胀	expand 扩大
expert 专家	expertise, expertly, experts 专家，专家，专家	expert 专家
explicit 显式	explicitly 明确	explicit 显式
exploit 利用	exploitation, exploited, exploiting, exploits 剥削，剥削	exploit 利用
export 出口	exported, exporter, exporters, exporting, exports 出口，出口商，出口商，出口，出口	export 出口
expose 暴露	exposed, exposes, exposing, exposure, exposures 暴露，暴露，暴露，暴露	expose 暴露
external 外部	externalisation, externalise, externalised, externalises, externalising, externality externalisation，externalises，externalising，externality	external 外部
extract 提取物	extracted, extracting, extraction, extracts 提取，提取物	extract 提取物
facilitate 促进	facilitated, facilitates, facilities, facilitating, facilitation, facilitator, facilitators, facility 便利的，促进的，促进者，促进者，设施	facilitate 促进
factor 因子	factored, factoring, factors 因子分解，因数	factor 因子
feature 特征	featured, features, featuring 特色，特色，特色	feature 特征
federal 联邦	federation, federations 联邦，联邦	federal 联邦
fee 费	fees 费	fee 费
file 文件	filed, files, filing 归档，归档，归档	file 文件
final 最终	finalise, finalised, finalises, finalising, finality, finally, finals finalise，finalises，finalising，finality，finalises	final 最终
finance 金融	financed, finances, financial, financially, financier, financiers, financing 金融家，金融	finance 金融
finite 有限	infinite, infinitely 无限的，无限的	finite 有限
flexible 柔性	flexibility, inflexible, inflexibility 灵活性	flexible 柔性
fluctuate 波动	fluctuated, fluctuates, fluctuating, fluctuation, fluctuations 波动，波动	fluctuate 波动
focus 重点	focused, focuses, focusing, refocus, refocused, refocuses, refocusing focused，focused	focus 重点
format 格式	formatted, formatting, formats 格式化，格式化，格式	format 格式
formula 式	formulae, formulas, formulate, formulated, formulating, formulation, formulations, reformulate, reformulated, reformulating, reformulation, reformulations 公式，公式，公式	formula 式
forthcoming 即将		forthcoming 即将
found 发现	founded, founder, founders, founding, unfounded founded，founder，founding	found 发现
foundation 基础	foundations 基础	foundation 基础
framework 框架	frameworks 框架	framework 框架
function 功能	functional, functionally, functioned, functioning, functions 功能性的，功能性的	function 功能
fund 基金	funded, funder, funders, funding, funds 资金，资金，资金	fund 基金
fundamental 基本	fundamentally 根本上	fundamental 基本
furthermore 此外		furthermore 此外
gender 性别	genders 性别	gender 性别
generate 生成	generated, generates, generating 生成，生成，生成	generate 生成
generation 一代	generations 代	generation 一代
globe 地球仪	global, globally, globalisation, globalization 全球化，全球化，全球化	globe 地球仪
goal 目标	goals 目标	goal 目标
grade 级	graded, grades, grading 分级，分级，分级	grade 级
grant 格兰特	granted, granting, grants 授予，授予，赠款	grant 格兰特
guarantee 保证	guaranteed, guaranteeing, guarantees 担保，保证，保证	guarantee 保证
guideline 准则	guidelines 准则	guideline 准则
hence 因此		hence 因此
hierarchy 层次结构	hierarchical, hierarchies 等级，层次	hierarchy 层次结构
highlight 突出	highlighted, highlighting, highlights 高亮，高亮，高亮	highlight 突出
hypothesis 假设	hypotheses, hypothesise, hypothesised, hypothesises, hypothesising, hypothetical, hypothetically 假设，假设	hypothesis 假设
identical 相同	identically 相同	identical 相同
identify 识别	identifiable, identification, identified, identifies, identifying, identities, identity, unidentifiable 可识别的，识别，识别，识别，身份，身份，不可识别的	identify 识别
ideology 思想	ideological, ideologically, ideologies 意识形态，意识形态，意识形态	ideology 思想
ignorant 无知	ignorance, ignore, ignored, ignores, ignoring 忽略，忽略，忽略，忽略，忽略	ignorant 无知
illustrate 示出	illustrated, illustrates, illustrating, illustration, illustrations, illustrative 说明，说明	illustrate 示出
image 图像	imagery, images 图像，图像	image 图像
immigrate 移民	immigrant, immigrants, immigrated, immigrates, immigrating, immigration 移民，移民	immigrate 移民
impact 影响	impacted, impacting, impacts 影响，影响，影响	impact 影响
implement 实施	implementation, implemented, implementing, implements 执行，执行	implement 实施
implicate 牵连	implicated, implicates, implicating, implication, implications 暗示，暗示	implicate 牵连
implicit 隐式	implicitly 隐式	implicit 隐式
imply 意味	implied, implies, implying 暗示，暗示，暗示	imply 意味
impose 征收	imposed, imposes, imposing, imposition 强加的，强加的，强加的，强加的	impose 征收
incentive 激励	incentives 激励	incentive 激励
incidence 发生率	incident, incidentally, incidents 偶然，偶然，偶然	incidence 发生率
incline 倾斜	inclination, inclinations,inclined, inclines, inclining 倾斜，倾斜	incline 倾斜
income 收入	incomes 收入	income 收入
incorporate 纳入	incorporated, incorporates, incorporating, incorporation 合并，合并	incorporate 纳入
index 指数	indexed, indexes, indexing 索引，索引，索引	index 指数
indicate 指示	indicated, indicates, indicating, indication, indications, indicative, indicator, indicators 指示，指示，指示符，指示符	indicate 指示
individual 个人	individualised, individuality, individualism, individualist, individualists, individualistic, individually, individuals individualised，individuality，individualism，individualist，individualists，individualists，individualised，individualism，individualism，individualist，individualists，individualists，individualists，individualised，individuals	individual 个人
induce 诱导	induced, induces, inducing, induction 诱导，诱导	induce 诱导
inevitable 必然	inevitability, inevitably 不可避免，不可避免	inevitable 必然
infer 推断	inference, inferences, inferred, inferring, infers 推理，推论，推断	infer 推断
infrastructure 基础设施	infrastructures 基础设施	infrastructure 基础设施
inherent 固有	inherently 固有	inherent 固有
inhibit 抑制	inhibited, inhibiting, inhibition, inhibitions, inhibits 抑制，抑制	inhibit 抑制
initial 初始	initially 最初	initial 初始
initiate 发起	initiated, initiates, initiating, initiation, initiations, initiative, initiatives, initiator, initiators initiated，initiates，initiation，initiatives	initiate 发起
injure 伤害	injured, injures, injuries, injuring, injury, uninjured 受伤的，未受伤的	injure 伤害
innovate 创新	innovation, innovated, innovates, innovating, innovations, innovative, innovator, innovators 创新，创新者，创新者	innovate 创新
input 输入	inputs 输入	input 输入
insert 插入	inserted, inserting, insertion, inserts 插入，插入	insert 插入
insight 洞察力	insightful, insights 洞察力，洞察力	insight 洞察力
inspect 检查	inspected, inspecting, inspection, inspections, inspector, inspectors, inspects 检查，检查，检查	inspect 检查
instance 例如	instances 实例	instance 例如
institute 研究所	instituted, institutes, instituting, institution, institutional, institutionalise, institutionalised, institutionalises, institutionalising, institutionally, institutions instituted，institutes，instituting，institutional	institute 研究所
instruct 指示	instruction, instructed, instructing, instructions, instructive, instructor, instructors, instructs 指示，指示，指导，指示，指导，指导者，指导者，指导	instruct 指示
integral 积分		integral 积分
integrate 整合	integrated, integrates, integrating, integration 整合，整合	integrate 整合
integrity 完整性		integrity 完整性
intelligent 智能	intelligence, intelligently, unintelligent 聪明，聪明，不聪明	intelligent 智能
intense 激烈	intensely, intenseness, intensification, intensified, intensifies, intensify, intensifying, intension, intensity, intensive, intensively 强烈的，强烈的	intense 激烈
interact 交互	interacted, interacting, interaction, interactions, interactive, interactively, interacts 交互式的，交互式的	interact 交互
intermediate 中间		intermediate 中间
internal 内部	internalise, internalised, internalises, internalising, internally internalises，internalises，internalising，internalising，internalising，internally	internal 内部
interpret 解释	interpretation, interpretations, interpretative, interpreted, interpreting, interpretive, interprets, misinterpret, misinterpretation, misinterpretations, misinterpreted, misinterpreting, misinterprets, reinterpret, reinterpreted, reinterprets, reinterpreting, reinterpretation, reinterpretations 解释，误解，重新解释，重新	interpret 解释
interval 间隔	intervals 间隔	interval 间隔
intervene 干预	intervened, intervenes, intervening, intervention, interventions 干预，干预	intervene 干预
intrinsic 内在	intrinsically 本质	intrinsic 内在
invest 投资	invested, investing, investment, investments, investor, investors, invests, reinvest, reinvested, reinvesting, reinvestment, reinvests invested，investing，investment，investments，investors，invests，reinvest，reinvested，reinvestment	invest 投资
investigate 探讨	investigated, investigates, investigating, investigation, investigations, investigative, investigator, investigators 调查，调查	investigate 探讨
invoke 调用	invoked, invokes, invoking 调用，调用，调用	invoke 调用
involve 涉及	involved, involvement, involves, involving, uninvolved 涉及，不涉及	involve 涉及
isolate 隔离	isolated, isolates, isolating, isolation, isolationism 孤立的，孤立主义	isolate 隔离
issue 问题	issued, issues, issuing 发行，发行，发行	issue 问题
item 项目	itemisation, itemise, itemised, itemises, itemising, items itemisation，itemise，itemised，itemises，itemising，items	item 项目
job 工作	jobs 工作	job 工作
journal 杂志	journals 期刊	journal 杂志
justify 证明	justifiable, justifiably, justification, justifications, justified, justifies, justifying, unjustified 正当的，不正当的	justify 证明
label 标签	labelled, labelling, labels 标签，标签，标签	label 标签
labour 劳工	laboured, labouring, labours 劳动，劳动，劳动	labour 劳工
layer 层	layered, layering, layers 分层，分层，层	layer 层
lecture 讲座	lectured, lecturer, lecturers, lectures, lecturing 演讲者，演讲者，演讲，演讲	lecture 讲座
legal 法律的	illegal, illegality, illegally, legality, legally 非法的，合法的，合法的	legal 法律的
legislate 立法	legislated, legislates, legislating, legislation, legislative, legislator, legislators, legislature 立法，立法者，立法者，立法	legislate 立法
levy 征收	levies 征费	levy 征收
liberal 自由	liberalise, liberalism, liberalisation, liberalised, liberalises, liberalising, liberalization, liberate, liberated, liberates, liberation, liberations, liberating, liberator, liberators, liberally, liberals liberalise，liberalism，liberalisation，liberalised，liberalises，liberalising，liberalization，liberalism，liberalism，liberalised，li	liberal 自由
licence 牌照	licences, license, licensed, licensing, licenses, unlicensed licenses，license，licensed，licensing，licenses，unlicensed	licence 牌照
likewise 同样		likewise 同样
link 链路	linkage, linkages, linked, linking, links 链接，链接	link 链路
locate 定位	located, locating, location, locations, relocate, relocated, relocates, relocating, relocation located，locating，location，locations，relocate，relocated，relocate，relocation，relocate	locate 定位
logic 逻辑	illogical, illogically, logical, logically, logician, logicians 不合逻辑的，不合逻辑的，逻辑学家，逻辑学家	logic 逻辑
maintain 保持	maintained, maintaining, maintains, maintenance 维护，维护	maintain 保持
major 主要	majorities, majority 多数，多数	major 主要
manipulate 操纵	manipulated, manipulates, manipulating, manipulation, manipulations, manipulative 操纵，操纵	manipulate 操纵
manual 手动	manually, manuals 手动，手册	manual 手动
margin 保证金	marginal, marginally, margins 边际，边际，边际	margin 保证金
mature 成熟	immature, immaturity, maturation, maturational, matured, matures, maturing, maturity 不成熟的，不成熟的，成熟的	mature 成熟
maximise 最大	max, maximised, maximises, maximising, maximisation, maximum 最大化，最大化	maximise 最大
mechanism 机制	mechanisms 机制	mechanism 机制
media 媒体		media 媒体
mediate 介导	mediated, mediates, mediating, mediation 调解，调解	mediate 介导
medical 医疗	medically 医学上	medical 医疗
medium 介质		medium 介质
mental 心理	mentality, mentally 精神上，精神上	mental 心理
method 方法	methodical, methodological, methodologies, methodology, methods 方法论的，方法论的，方法论的	method 方法
migrate 迁移	migrant, migrants, migrated, migrates, migrating, migration, migrations, migratory migrant，migrants，migrant	migrate 迁移
military 军事		military 军事
minimal 最小	minimalisation, minimalise, minimalises, minimalised, minimalising, minimalist, minimalists, minimalistic, minimally minimalisation，minimalises，minimalises，minimalised，minimalising，minimalist，minimalists，minimalists	minimal 最小
minimise 尽量减少	minimised, minimises, minimising 最小化，最小化，最小化	minimise 尽量减少
minimum 最小		minimum 最小
ministry 部	ministered, ministering, ministerial, ministries ministering，ministering，ministering，ministering，ministers	ministry 部
minor 轻微	minorities, minority, minors minorities，minorities，minorities	minor 轻微
mode 模式	modes 模式	mode 模式
modify 修改	modification, modifications, modified, modifies, modifying, unmodified 修改，未修改	modify 修改
monitor 监测	monitored, monitoring, monitors, unmonitored 监视，未监视	monitor 监测
motive 动机	motivate, motivated, motivates, motivating, motivation, motivations, motives, unmotivated 激励，动机，无动机	motive 动机
mutual 相互	mutually 相互	mutual 相互
negate 否定	negative, negated, negates, negating, negatively, negatives 否定，否定	negate 否定
network 网络	networked, networking, networks 网络，网络，网络	network 网络
neutral 中性	neutralisation, neutralise, neutralised, neutralises, neutralising, neutrality 中和，中和	neutral 中性
nevertheless 然而		nevertheless 然而
nonetheless 尽管如此		nonetheless 尽管如此
norm 规范	norms 规范	norm 规范
normal 正常	abnormal, abnormally, normalisation, normalise, normalised, normalises, normalising, normality, normally normalisation，normalising，normalisation	normal 正常
notion 概念	notions 概念	notion 概念
notwithstanding 尽管		notwithstanding 尽管
nuclear 核		nuclear 核
objective 目的	objectively, objectivity 客观，客观	objective 目的
obtain 获得	obtainable, obtained, obtaining, obtains, unobtainable 可获得的，无法获得的	obtain 获得
obvious 明显	obviously 显然	obvious 明显
occupy 占据	occupancy, occupant, occupants, occupation,occupational, occupations, occupied, occupier, occupiers, occupies, occupying 占用，占用者，占用者，占领，职业，占领，占领者，占领者，占领，占领	occupy 占据
occur 发生	occurred, occurrence, occurrences, occurring, occurs, reoccur, reoccurred, reoccurring, reoccurs 发生的，发生的，再发生的，再发生的	occur 发生
odd 奇怪	odds 赔率	odd 奇怪
offset 偏移	offsets, offsetting 偏移，偏移	offset 偏移
ongoing 正在进行		ongoing 正在进行
option 选项	optional, options 可选，选项	option 选项
orient 东方	orientate, orientated, orientates, orientation, orientating, oriented, orienting, orients, reorient, reorientation 定向，重新定向	orient 东方
outcome 结果	outcomes 成果	outcome 结果
output 输出	outputs 输出	output 输出
overall 整体		overall 整体
overlap 重叠	overlapped, overlapping, overlaps 重叠，重叠，重叠	overlap 重叠
overseas 海外		overseas 海外
panel 面板	panelled, panelling, panels 嵌板的，嵌板，嵌板	panel 面板
paradigm 范式	paradigms 范式	paradigm 范式
paragraph 段	paragraphing, paragraphs 分段，段落	paragraph 段
parallel 平行	paralleled, parallels, unparalleled 平行的，平行的，无与伦比的	parallel 平行
parameter 参数	parameters 参数	parameter 参数
participate 参与	participant, participants, participated, participates, participating, participation, participatory 参与者，参与者	participate 参与
partner 伙伴	partners, partnership, partnerships 合作伙伴，伙伴关系，伙伴关系	partner 伙伴
passive 被动	passively, passivity 被动，被动	passive 被动
perceive 感知	perceived, perceives, perceiving, perception, perceptions 感知，感知	perceive 感知
percent 百分	percentage, percentages 百分比，百分比	percent 百分
period 期间	periodic, periodical, periodically, periodicals, periods 定期的，周期性的，周期性的	period 期间
persist 坚持	persisted, persistence, persistent, persistently, persisting, persists persistent，persistent	persist 坚持
perspective 透视	perspectives 观点	perspective 透视
phase 相	phased, phases, phasing 阶段，阶段，阶段	phase 相
phenomenon 现象	phenomena, phenomenal 现象，现象	phenomenon 现象
philosophy 哲学	philosopher, philosophers, philosophical, philosophically, philosophies, philosophise, philosophised, philosophises, philosophising philosopher，philosophers，philosophical，philosophically，philosophies，philosophy，philosophical，philosophy，philosophilosophy，	philosophy 哲学
physical 物理	physically 物理	physical 物理
plus 加上	pluses 优缺点	plus 加上
policy 政策	policies 政策	policy 政策
portion 部分	portions 部分	portion 部分
pose 构成	posed, poses, posing 摆姿势摆姿势摆姿势	pose 构成
positive 积极	positively 积极	positive 积极
potential 潜在	potentially 潜在	potential 潜在
practitioner 从业者	practitioners 从业者	practitioner 从业者
precede 先于	preceded, precedence, precedent, precedes, preceding, unprecedented preceding，previously	precede 先于
precise 精确	imprecise, precisely, precision 不精确的，不精确的，精确的	precise 精确
predict 预测	predictability, predictable, predictably, predicted, predicting, prediction, predictions, predicts, unpredictability, unpredictable 可预测性，可预测的，可预测的，不可预测的，不可预测的	predict 预测
predominant 主要	predominance, predominantly, predominate, predominated, predominates, predominating predominant，predominant，predominated，predominates，predominating	predominant 主要
preliminary 初步	preliminaries 预赛	preliminary 初步
presume 假定	presumably, presumed, presumes, presuming, presumption, presumptions, presumptuous presumably，presumably	presume 假定
previous 先前	previously 先前	previous 先前
primary 初级	primarily 主要	primary 初级
prime	primacy 首要地位	prime
principal 主要	principally 主要	principal 主要
principle 原则	principled, principles, unprincipled 有原则的，原则的，无原则的	principle 原则
prior 之前		prior 之前
priority 优先	priorities, prioritisation, prioritise, prioritised, prioritises, prioritising 优先，优先	priority 优先
proceed 进行	procedural, procedure, procedures, proceeded, proceeding, proceedings, proceeds 程序性的，程序性的，程序性的	proceed 进行
process 过程	processed, processes, processing 加工，处理，加工	process 过程
professional 专业	professionally, professionals, professionalism 专业，专业，专业	professional 专业
prohibit 禁止	prohibited, prohibiting, prohibition, prohibitions, prohibitive, prohibits 禁止的，禁止的	prohibit 禁止
project 项目	projected, projecting, projection, projections, projects 预测，预测	project 项目
promote 促进	promoted, promoter, promoters, promotes, promoting, promotion, promotions 晋升，晋升	promote 促进
proportion 比例	disproportion, disproportionate, disproportionately, proportional, proportionally, proportionate, proportionately, proportions 不成比例的，不相称的，不成比例的，不相称的，不相称的	proportion 比例
prospect 前景	prospective, prospects 前景，展望	prospect 前景
protocol 议定书	protocols 协议	protocol 议定书
psychology 心理学	psychological, psychologically, psychologist, psychologists 心理学，心理学，心理学家，心理学家	psychology 心理学
publication 出版物	publications 出版物	publication 出版物
publish 发布	published, publisher, publishers, publishes, publishing, unpublished published，publisher，publishers，published，published，未出版	publish 发布
purchase 购买	purchased, purchaser, purchasers, purchases, purchasing 购买，购买者，购买，购买	purchase 购买
pursue 追求	pursued, pursues, pursuing, pursuit, pursuits 追求，追求	pursue 追求
qualitative 定性	qualitatively 定性	qualitative 定性
quote 引用	quotation, quotations, quoted, quotes, quoting 报价，报价	quote 引用
radical 激进	radically, radicals 激进分子	radical 激进
random 随机	randomly, randomness 随机，随机	random 随机
range 范围	ranged, ranges, ranging 范围，范围，范围	range 范围
ratio 比	ratios 比率	ratio 比
rational 理性	irrational, rationalisation, rationalisations, rationalise, rationalised, rationalises, rationalising, rationalism, rationality, rationally 合理化，合理化，	rational 理性
react 反应	reacted, reacts, reacting, reaction, reactionaries, reactionary, reactions, reactive, reactivate, reactivation, reactor, reactors 反应，再活化，再活化，反应器，反应器	react 反应
recover 恢复	recoverable, recovered, recovering, recovers, recovery 可恢复的，可恢复的	recover 恢复
refine 细化	refined, refinement, refinements, refines, refining 精炼，精炼	refine 细化
regime 政权	regimes 制度	regime 政权
region 区域	regional, regionally, regions regional，regional，区域的，区域的	region 区域
register 寄存器	deregister, deregistered, deregistering, deregisters, deregistration, registered, registering, registers, registration 撤销登记，撤销注册，撤销登记，撤销注册，注册	register 寄存器
regulate 调节	deregulated, deregulates, deregulating, deregulation, regulated, regulates, regulating, regulation,regulations, regulator, regulators, regulatory, unregulated 解除管制，管制，管制者，管制者，管制，不管制	regulate 调节
reinforce 加强	reinforced, reinforcement, reinforcements, reinforces, reinforcing 加强的，增强的	reinforce 加强
reject 拒绝	rejected, rejecting, rejection, rejects, rejections 拒绝，拒绝	reject 拒绝
relax 放松	relaxation, relaxed, relaxes, relaxing 放松，放松	relax 放松
release 释放	released, releases, releasing 释放，释放，释放	release 释放
relevant 相关	irrelevance, irrelevant, relevance 不相关，不相关，相关	relevant 相关
reluctance 磁阻	reluctant, reluctantly 勉强的，勉强的	reluctance 磁阻
rely 依赖	reliability, reliable, reliably, reliance, reliant, relied, relies, relying, unreliable reliability，reliable	rely 依赖
remove 去除	removable, removal, removals, removed, removes, removing removable，removal，removals，removable，removable，removable，removable	remove 去除
require 需要	required, requirement, requirements, requires, requiring 需要的，要求	require 需要
research 研究	researched, researcher, researchers, researches, researching 研究，研究	research 研究
reside 驻留	resided, residence, resident, residential, residents, resides, residing 居住的，居住的	reside 驻留
resolve 解决	resolution, resolved, resolves, resolving, unresolved resolution，resolved，resolved，resolving，resolved，未解决的	resolve 解决
resource 资源	resourced, resourceful, resources, resourcing, unresourceful, under-resourced resourced，resourceful，resources，resourcing，unresourceful，under-resourced	resource 资源
respond 回应	responded, respondent, respondents, responding, responds, response, responses, responsive, responsiveness, unresponsive responsible，responsible	respond 回应
restore 恢复	restoration, restored, restores, restoring 恢复，恢复	restore 恢复
restrain 抑制	restrained, restraining, restrains, restraint, restraints, unrestrained 克制的，不受约束的	restrain 抑制
restrict 限制	restricted, restricting, restriction, restrictions, restrictive, restrictively, restricts, unrestricted, unrestrictive 限制性的，不受限制的，不受限制的	restrict 限制
retain 保留	retained, retaining, retainer, retainers, retains, retention, retentive 保留的，保留的	retain 保留
reveal 揭示	revealed, revealing, reveals, revelation, revelations 启示，启示	reveal 揭示
revenue 收入	revenues 收入	revenue 收入
reverse 反向	reversal, reversed, reverses, reversible, reversing, reversals, irreversible 逆转，可逆，逆转，逆转，不可逆	reverse 反向
revise 修订	revised, revises, revising, revision, revisions 修订，修订	revise 修订
revolution 革命	revolutionary, revolutionaries, revolutionise, revolutionised, revolutionises, revolutionising, revolutionist, revolutionists, revolutions revolutionary，revolutionary	revolution 革命
rigid 刚性	rigidities, rigidity, rigidly 刚性，僵硬，僵硬	rigid 刚性
role 作用	roles 角色	role 作用
route 路线	routed, routes, routing 路由，路由，路由	route 路线
scenario 场景	scenarios 场景	scenario 场景
schedule 附表	reschedule, rescheduled, reschedules, rescheduling, scheduled, schedules, scheduling, unscheduled 重新安排，已安排，计划，计划，未计划	schedule 附表
scheme 方案	schematic, schematically, schemed, schemes, scheming schematic，schematic，schemes，scheming	scheme 方案
scope 范围		scope 范围
section 部分	sectioned, sectioning, sections 切片，切片，切片	section 部分
sector 部门	sectors 部门	sector 部门
secure 安全	insecure, insecurities, insecurity, secured, securely, secures, securing, securities, security 不安全的，安全的，安全的	secure 安全
seek 寻求	seeking, seeks, sought 寻找，寻找，寻找	seek 寻求
select 选择	selected, selecting, selection, selections, selective, selectively, selector, selectors, selects selected，selecting，selection，selections，selective，selector，selectors，selects	select 选择
sequence 序列	sequenced, sequences, sequencing, sequential, sequentially 排序的，顺序的	sequence 序列
series 系列		series 系列
sex 性	sexes, sexism, sexual, sexuality, sexually sexes，sexism，sexual，sexuality，sexually	sex 性
shift 移位	shifted, shifting, shifts 移动，移动，移动	shift 移位
significant 显著	insignificant, insignificantly, significance, significantly, signified, signifies, signify, signifying 不重要的，不重要的，重要的，有意义的	significant 显著
similar 类似	dissimilar, similarities, similarity, similarly 相似，相似	similar 类似
simulate 模拟	simulated, simulates, simulating, simulation 模拟，模拟	simulate 模拟
site 网站	sites 网站	site 网站
so-called 所谓		so-called 所谓
sole 鞋底	solely 仅	sole 鞋底
somewhat 有些		somewhat 有些
source 源	sourced, sources, sourcing 来源，来源，来源	source 源
specific 具体	specifically, specification, specifications, specificity, specifics specifically，specifications	specific 具体
specify 指定	specifiable, specified, specifies, specifying, unspecified 可指定的，未指定的	specify 指定
sphere 球体	spheres, spherical, spherically 球体，球形的，球形地	sphere 球体
stable 稳定	instability, stabilisation, stabilise, stabilised, stabilises, stabilising, stability, unstable 不稳定，不稳定	stable 稳定
statistic 统计	statistician, statisticians, statistical, statistically, statistics 统计学家，统计学家，统计学	statistic 统计
status 地位		status 地位
straightforward 直截了当		straightforward 直截了当
strategy 战略	strategic, strategies, strategically, strategist, strategists 战略，战略，战略家，战略家	strategy 战略
stress 应力	stressed, stresses, stressful, stressing, unstressed 强调，不强调	stress 应力
structure 结构	restructure, restructured, restructures, restructuring, structural, structurally, structured, structures, structuring, unstructured 结构化，结构化，非结构化	structure 结构
style 风格	styled, styles, styling, stylish, stylise, stylised, stylises, stylising 风格化，风格，造型，时尚，风格化	style 风格
submit 提交	submission, submissions, submits, submitted, submitting 提交，提交	submit 提交
subordinate 下属	subordinates, subordination 从属关系	subordinate 下属
subsequent 后续	subsequently 随后	subsequent 后续
subsidy 补贴	subsidiary, subsidies, subsidise, subsidised, subsidises, subsidising 补贴，补贴，补助	subsidy 补贴
substitute 替代	substituted, substitutes, substituting, substitution 替代品，替代品，替代品	substitute 替代
successor 继任者	succession, successions, successive, successively, successors 继承，继承	successor 继任者
sufficient 足够	sufficiency, insufficient, insufficiently, sufficiently 充分，不充分，不充分	sufficient 足够
sum 总和	summation, summed, summing, sums 求和，求和	sum 总和
summary 总结	summaries, summarise, summarised, summarises, summarising, summarisation, summarisations summarises，summaries，summarising，summarisation，summarisations	summary 总结
supplement 补充	supplementary, supplemented, supplementing, supplements 补充的，补充的，补充的	supplement 补充
survey 调查	surveyed, surveying, surveys 测量，测量，测量	survey 调查
survive 生存	survival, survived, survives, surviving, survivor, survivors 生存，幸存者，幸存者	survive 生存
suspend 暂停	suspended, suspending, suspends, suspension 暂停、暂停	suspend 暂停
sustain 维持	sustainable, sustainability, sustained, sustaining, sustains, sustenance, unsustainable sustainable，sustainable	sustain 维持
symbol 符号	symbolic, symbolically, symbolise, symbolises, symbolised, symbolising, symbolism, symbols 象征性的，象征性的	symbol 符号
tape 磁带	taped, tapes, taping 录音，录音，录音	tape 磁带
target 目标	targeted, targeting, targets 目标，目标，目标	target 目标
task 任务	tasks 任务	task 任务
team 团队	teamed, teaming, teams 团队，团队，团队	team 团队
technical 技术	technically 技术上	technical 技术
technique 技术	techniques 技术	technique 技术
technology 技术	technological, technologically 技术上的，技术上的	technology 技术
temporary 临时	temporarily 暂时	temporary 临时
tense 紧张	tension, tensely, tenser, tensest, tensions 紧张，紧张	tense 紧张
terminate 终止	terminal, terminals, terminated, terminates, terminating, termination, terminations 终端，终端，终止	terminate 终止
text 文本	texts, textual 文本	text 文本
theme 主题	themes, thematic, thematically 主题，主题，主题	theme 主题
theory 理论	theoretical, theoretically, theories, theorist, theorists 理论的，理论的，理论家，理论家	theory 理论
thereby 从而		thereby 从而
thesis 论文	theses 论文	thesis 论文
topic 话题	topical, topics topic，主题	topic 话题
trace 微量	traceable, traced, traces, tracing 可追踪的，可追踪的	trace 微量
tradition 传统	non-traditional, traditional, traditionalist, traditionally, traditions 非传统的，传统的，传统的	tradition 传统
transfer 转移	transferable, transference, transferred, transferring, transfers transferred，transference，transferred，transferred，transferred，transferred	transfer 转移
transform 变换	transformation, transformations, transformed, transforming, transforms transformation，transformations，transformed，transforming，transforms	transform 变换
transit 过境	transited, transiting, transition, transitional, transitions, transitory, transits transitiated，transitional，transition，transitional	transit 过境
transmit 发送	transmission, transmissions, transmitted, transmitting, transmits 传输，传输	transmit 发送
transport 运输	transportation, transported, transporter, transporters, transporting, transports 运输，运输，运输机，运输机，运输，运输	transport 运输
trend 趋势	trends 趋势	trend 趋势
trigger 触发	triggered, triggering, triggers 触发，触发，触发	trigger 触发
ultimate 终极	ultimately 最终	ultimate 终极
undergo 经历	undergoes, undergoing, undergone, underwent 经历，经历	undergo 经历
underlie 的基础	underlay, underlies, underlying 基础，基础，基础	underlie 的基础
undertake 承担	undertaken, undertakes, undertaking, undertook 承担，承担	undertake 承担
uniform 均匀	uniformity, uniformly 一致性，一致性	uniform 均匀
unify 统一	unification, unified, unifies, unifying 统一，统一	unify 统一
unique 独特	uniquely, uniqueness 独特的，独特的	unique 独特
utilise 利用	utilisation, utilised, utilises, utilising, utiliser, utilisers, utility, utilities 利用，利用者，利用者，效用，效用	utilise 利用
valid 有效	invalidate, invalidity, validate, validated, validating, validation, validity, validly 无效，无效，有效	valid 有效
vary 变化	invariable, invariably, variability, variable, variables, variably, variance, variant, variants, variation, variations, varied, varies, varying 不变的，不变的，可变的，可变的，变化	vary 变化
vehicle 车辆	vehicles 车辆	vehicle 车辆
version 版本	versions 版本	version 版本
via 经由		via 经由
violate 违反	violated, violates, violating, violation, violations 违反，违反	violate 违反
virtual 虚拟	virtually 几乎	virtual 虚拟
visible 可见	visibility, visibly, invisible, invisibility visibility，visibly，invisible，invisibility	visible 可见
vision 愿景	visions 愿景	vision 愿景
visual 视觉	visualise, visualised, visualised, visualising, visualisation, visually visualised，visualised，visualised，visualising，visualisation，visualisation，visualisation	visual 视觉
volume 体积	volumes, vol 卷，卷	volume 体积
voluntary 自愿	voluntarily, volunteer, volunteering, volunteered, volunteers 志愿者，志愿者，志愿者，志愿者	voluntary 自愿
welfare 福利		welfare 福利
whereas 而		whereas 而
whereby 由此		whereby 由此
widespread 广泛		widespread 广泛

The Academic Word List
学术词汇表

Introduction
介绍

The Academic Word List was developed at the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, . The list contains 570 word families which were selected according to principles outlined below. The list does not include words that are in the most frequent 2000 words of English. The AWL was primarily made so that it could be used by teachers as part of a programme preparing learners for tertiary level study or used by students working alone to learn the words most needed to study at tertiary institutions. The Academic Word List replaces the University Word List.
学术词汇表是由惠灵顿的维多利亚大学语言学和应用语言研究学院开发的。该列表包含570个单词家族，这些家族是根据以下原则选择的。nbsp;该列表不包括最常见的2000个英语单词中的单词。AWL的主要目的是让教师将其用作为高等教育学习做准备的课程的一部分，或者让学生独自学习在高等教育机构学习最需要的单词。学术词汇表取代了大学词汇表。

Principles of selection used in developing the AWL
开发AWL时使用的选择原则

The word families of the Academic Word List were selected according to several principles. In order of importance, these selection principles were:
学术词汇表中的词族是根据几个原则选择的。按重要性排序，这些选择原则是：

Range. The AWL families had to occur in the Arts, Commerce, Law and Science faculty sections of the Academic Corpus (see below for details on the Academic Corpus). The word families also had to occur in over half of the 28 subject areas of the Academic Corpus (see Table 2 below). Just over 94% of the words in the AWL occur in 20 or more subject areas. This principle ensures that the words in the AWL are useful for all learners, no matter what their area of study or what combination of subjects they take at tertiary level.
范围 AWL家族必须出现在学术语料库的艺术，商业，法律和科学教师部分（见下文关于学术语料库的详细信息）。在学术语料库的28个学科领域中，有一半以上的领域都出现了“家族”一词（见下表2）。 AWL中超过94%的单词出现在20个或更多的主题领域。这一原则确保AWL中的单词对所有学习者都有用，无论他们的学习领域或他们在高等教育中学习的科目组合如何。

Frequency. The AWL families had to occur over 100 times in the 3,500,000 word Academic Corpus in order to be considered for inclusion in the list. This principle ensures that the words will be met a reasonable number of times in academic texts.
频率. AWL家族必须在3，500，000字的学术语料库中出现超过100次才能被考虑列入名单。这一原则确保了这些词在学术文本中会出现合理的次数。

Uniformity of frequency. The AWL families had to occur a minimum of 10 times in each faculty of the Academic Corpus to be considered for inclusion in the list. This principle ensures that the vocabulary is useful for all learners.
频率的均匀性。nbsp; AWL家族必须在学术语料库的每个学院中至少出现10次才能被考虑列入列表。这一原则确保词汇对所有学习者都有用。

Words excluded from the Academic Word List
排除在学术词汇表之外的词汇

Words occurring in the first 2,000 words of English. The AWL assumes knowledge of West's General Service List (GSL) (1953) as the basic vocabulary any learner should have before starting to learn academic vocabulary.
出现在英语前2,000个单词中的单词。AWL假设西方的一般服务列表（GSL）（1953）的知识作为任何学习者在开始学习学术词汇之前应该掌握的基本词汇。

Narrow range words. Words which occurred in fewer than 4 faculty sections of the Academic Corpus or which occurred in fewer than 15 of the 28 subject areas of the Academic Corpus were excluded because they had narrow range. Technical or specialist words often have narrow range and were excluded on this basis
狭义的词。出现在学术语料库中少于4个教师部分或出现在学术语料库的28个学科领域中少于15个的词被排除在外，因为它们的范围很窄。nbsp;技术或专业词汇通常范围狭窄，因此被排除在外

Proper nouns. The names of places, people, countries, for example, , Jim Bolger and were excluded from the list.
专有名词。地名、人名、国家名，例如，Jim Bolger和被排除在名单之外。

Latin forms. Some of the most common Latin forms in the Academic Corpus were et al, etc, ie, and ibid.
拉丁语形式。学术语料库中一些最常见的拉丁语形式是et al等，即和ibid。

How to use this list
如何使用此列表

The headwords of the Academic Word List (AWL) are the stem form of the words. The number after each headword is the sublist the word family is in. The sublists have the word families of the AWL with the most frequently used member of the family in italics. Table 1 below shows the coverage of the sublists over the Academic Corpus* (see for more details of the Academic Corpus) and the number of pages of text a learner needs to read in order to encounter the words.
学术词汇表（AWL）的词目是词的词干形式。每个词目后面的数字是该词族所在的子列表。& nbsp;子列表包含AWL的单词家族，家族中最常用的成员用斜体表示。下面的表1显示了子列表在学术语料库中的覆盖率 *（有关学术语料库的更多详细信息，请参阅）以及学习者需要阅读的文本页数。

* A corpus is a body or collection of texts.
* 语料库是文本的主体或集合。

The words in the Academic Word List should be learned in several ways:
学术词汇表中的单词应该通过以下几种方式学习：

Learners should read academic texts and listen to academic lectures and discussions. Where possile, the written and spoken texts should not be too difficult for learners, with no more than about 5% of the running words in the texts being new words for the learners.
学习者应该阅读学术文章，听学术讲座和讨论。在可能的情况下，书面和口语文本不应该对学习者来说太难，文本中不超过5%的流动词是学习者的新词。

Learners should have the chance to speak in academic discussion and write academic texts using academic vocabulary.
学习者应该有机会在学术讨论中发言，并使用学术词汇撰写学术文章。

Learners should directly study words from the list using word cards and doing intensive study of short academic texts.
学习者应该直接使用单词卡学习单词表中的单词，并对简短的学术文章进行深入学习。

Learning the words in the Academic Word List
学习学术词汇表中的单词

Choosing words
选词

Start with Sublist 1. If these words are known, move on to Sublist 2 down to Sublist 10.
从子列表1开始。如果这些单词是已知的，则移动到子列表2向下到子列表10。

Don't start with the headwords starting with the letter 'A' and work down the list, but choose words that do not look like each other and are not related in meaning.
不要从字母“A”开头的词目开始，沿着列表往下走，而是选择看起来不像的词，意思也不相关。

Check the list for words you find in texts. If the words are in the AWL, you should learn them. If they are not in the list, then check West's General Service List. If the words are not in the most frequent 2000 words of English or the AWL, then think carefully about whether or not you need to learn them.
检查你在文本中找到的单词。如果单词在AWL中，你应该学习它们。nbsp;如果不在列表中，则检查West的一般服务列表。&如果这些单词不在英语或AWL中最常见的2000个单词中，那么请仔细考虑是否需要学习它们。

Learning words
学习单词

Focus on retrieving the words rather than recognizing them. Every time you retrieve a word the connection between the form of the word and its meaning is made stronger. Using word cards with the word to be learned on one side and the translations on the other forces you to retrieve the word.
专注于检索单词，而不是识别它们。每当你检索一个单词时，单词的形式和它的含义之间的联系就会变得更强。使用单词卡，一面是要学习的单词，另一面是翻译，迫使你回忆单词。

Space the number of repetitions of the words you are learning because spacing repetitions results in longer lasting memory. The best spacing is to review the words a few minutes after first looking at them, then an hour or so later, then the next day, then a week later and then a couple of weeks after that.
间隔你正在学习的单词的重复次数，因为间隔重复会导致更持久的记忆。最好的间隔是在第一次看单词后几分钟复习，然后是一个小时左右，然后是第二天，然后是一周后，然后是几周后。

Process the words thoughtfully so that the depth of learning is better. Use techniques which encourage you to make a lot of associations with the words you are learning. For example, think of language contexts and situational contexts in which you could use the words.
仔细地处理单词，以便更好地学习深度。使用一些技巧，鼓励你与你正在学习的单词进行大量的联想。例如，想想你可以使用这些词的语言语境和情景语境。

Avoid interference between the words you are learning by choosing words which are spelled differently and start with different letters. Don't learn words with similar meanings at the same time. Words which look the same or share similar meanings are easy to confuse and make your learning less effective.
避免你正在学习的单词之间的干扰，选择拼写不同的单词，并以不同的字母开始。不要同时学习意思相近的单词。看起来相同或意思相似的单词很容易混淆，使你的学习效率降低。

The sublists of the Academic Word List
学术词汇表的子表

The word list has been divided into sublists based on the frequency of occurrence of the words in the Academic Corpus. The words in Sublist 1 occur more frequently in the corpus than the other words in the list. Sublist 2 occurs with the next highest frequency. The more frequent the words in the list, the more likely they are to occur in academic texts. When the frequencies of the words in the Academic Corpus are added together, we get a percentage of coverage of the words in the corpus. Words with higher frequency cover more of the corpus. Table 1 below shows the coverage of each of the sublists of the Academic Word List. It is clear that the coverage of the sublists starts very high with Sublist 1 (3.6%) and drops quite quickly to Sublist 9 (0.2%). The figures in column 3 indicate how many pages on average a learner would need to read in order to meet each word again. It is assumed that there are 400 running words on a page. The figures are only averages.
根据词汇在学术语料库中出现的频率，将词汇表分为子表。子列表1中的词在语料库中出现的频率高于列表中的其他词。子列表2以次高频率出现。列表中出现频率越高的单词，它们在学术文章中出现的可能性就越大。当学术语料库中的词的频率加在一起时，我们得到语料库中的词的覆盖率。使用频率高的词覆盖了更多的语料。下面的表1显示了学术词汇表每个子表的覆盖范围。很明显，子列表的覆盖率从子列表1（3.6%）开始非常高，然后很快下降到子列表9（0.2%）。第三栏中的数字表示学习者平均需要阅读多少页才能再次遇到每个单词。假设一页上有400个连续的单词。这些数字只是平均数。

Table 1: Coverage and pages per repetition of the items in the Academic Word List sublists in the Academic Corpus
表1：学术语料库中学术词汇表子表中项目的覆盖率和重复页数

AWL sublist AWL子表	Coverage of the Academic Corpus (%) 学术语料库覆盖率（%）	Pages per repetition in the Academic Corpus 学术语料库中每次重复的页数
1 (60 families) 1（60个家庭）	3.6%	4
2 (60 families) 2（60个家庭）	1.8%	8
3 (60 families) 3个（60个家庭）	1.2%	12
4 (60 families) 4（60个家庭）	0.9%	15
5 (60 families) 5（60个家庭）	0.8%	19
6 (60 families) 6（60个家庭）	0.6%	24
7 (60 families) 7（60个家庭）	0.5%	30
8 (60 families) 8（60个家庭）	0.3%	49
9 (60 families) 9个（60个家庭）	0.2%	67
10 (30 families) 10（30个家庭）	0.1%	82

The AWL has 570 word families. Word families are used because most regularly formed family members can be understood from knowledge of the stem and the affixes. For example, the word family analyse includes the regular inflections of the verb, analysed, analysing, analyses and the derivations of the word, analysis, analyst, analysts, analytical, analytically etc., and the American spelling, analyze, analyzed, analyzes, analyzing.
AWL有570个单词家族。之所以使用词族，是因为大多数有规律地形成的族成员都可以从词干和词缀的知识中理解。nbsp;例如，单词家族analyze包括动词的规则屈折变化，analyzed，analyzing，analyses和单词analysis，analyzer，analystically等的派生词，还有美式拼法分析

The Academic Corpus
学术语料库

A written corpus of academic English was developed for the purpose of finding out which words occurred in a wide range of academic texts from a variety of subject areas. The Academic Corpus contained approximately 3,500,000 running words. It was divided into four faculty sections: Arts, Commerce, Law and Science. Each of these faculty sections contained approximately 875,000 running words. Each faculty section was divided into seven subject areas of approximately 125,000 running words.
为了找出哪些词出现在来自不同学科领域的广泛的学术文章中，我们开发了一个学术英语书面语料库。学术语料库包含大约3，500，000个单词。它分为四个院系：艺术，商业，法律和科学。这些教师部门中的每一个都包含大约875，000个单词。每个院系分为7个学科领域，约125,000个连续单词。

Table 2: Subject areas in the Faculty Sections of the Academic Corpus
表2：学术语料库中学院部分的学科领域

Arts 艺术	Commerce 商务	Law 法	Science 科学
Education 教育	Accounting 会计	Constitutional Law 宪法法律	Biology 生物学
History 历史	Economics 经济学	Criminal Law 刑法	Chemistry 化学
Linguistics 语言学	Finance 金融	Family Law and Medico-Legal 家庭法和法医学	Computer Science 计算机科学
Philosophy 哲学	Industrial Relations 劳资关系	International Law 国际法	Geography 地理
Politics 政治	Management 管理	Pure Commercial Law 纯粹商法	Geology 地质
Psychology 心理学	Marketing 营销	Quasi-Commercial Law 准商法	Mathematics 数学
Sociology 社会学	Public Policy 公共政策	Rights and Remedies 权利和补救措施	Physics 物理

The Academic Corpus contained journal articles, book chapters, course workbooks, laboratory manuals, and course notes. The texts were selected according to whether they were of suitable length (over 2,000 running words long) and were representative of the academic genre in that they were written for an academic audience. Any text not meeting these selection criteria was not included in the Academic Corpus. There were 414 texts in the Academic Corpus. Where possible, a balance was maintained between the number of texts in the four faculty sections.
学术语料库包含期刊文章，书籍章节，课程练习册，实验室手册和课程笔记。这些文本是根据它们是否具有适当的长度（超过2，000个连续单词）来选择的，并且它们是为学术受众而写的，因此具有学术体裁的代表性。任何不符合这些选择标准的文本都不包括在学术语料库中。学术语料库中有414篇文章。在可能的情况下，在四个院系的文本数量之间保持平衡。

Where possible, the texts were kept at their original length, although their bibliographies were removed. Whole texts provide greater opportunities for words to reoccur and longer texts allow for greater frequency of occurrence as well as variety of vocabulary. Where possible, a balance between the number of short texts (2,000 - 5,000 running words), medium length texts (5,000 - 10,000 running words) and long texts (over 10,000 running words) was kept between the four faculty areas. This was to ensure that the faculty sections were as similar in make up as possible.
在可能的情况下，案文保持原来的长度，但其参考书目被删除。整个文本为单词的重复出现提供了更大的机会，而较长的文本允许更大的出现频率和词汇的多样性。在可能的情况下，在四个教师领域之间保持短文本（2，000 - 5，000个连续单词），中等长度文本（5，000 - 10，000个连续单词）和长文本（超过10，000个连续单词）之间的平衡。这是为了确保教师部门尽可能相似的弥补。

The following page from an academic text shows how many of the words in such texts are from the Academic Word List. The words from the Academic Word List are underlined in the text.
下面的一页来自学术文章，显示了这些文章中有多少单词来自学术词汇表。学术词汇表中的单词在课文中画了下划线。

DATING BUSINESS CYCLES
约会商业周期

I. Introduction
I.介绍

Dating the turning points and duration of business cycles has long been associated with the construction of aggregate reference cycle indexes, and their associated leading, coincident and lagging indicators. This was along lines originally developed by Burns and Mitchell (1946), and subsequently by colleagues at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), e.g. Klein (1990). More recently, identifying the turning points and duration of business cycles has been an important aspect of two further areas of business cycle research: the evaluation of theoretical and associated empirical business cycle models, e.g. King and Plosser (1994), Simkins (1994); and the analysis of the time varying characteristics of business cycles, e.g. Diebold and Rudebusch (1992), Watson (1994).
确定商业周期转折点和持续时间的日期，长期以来一直与综合参考周期指数及其相关先行、同步和滞后指标的构建联系在一起。这是沿着最初由伯恩斯和米切尔（1946）以及后来由国家经济研究局（NBER）的同事，如克莱因（1990）提出的路线。最近，确定商业周期的转折点和持续时间一直是商业周期研究的两个进一步领域的一个重要方面：对理论和相关经验商业周期模型的评估，如King和Plosser（1994），Simkins（1994）;以及对商业周期随时间变化的特征的分析，如Diebold和Rudebusch（1992），沃森（1994）。

The Burns and Mitchell technique of dating business cycles relied primarily on two sorts of information: the descriptive evidence from business publications and general business conditions indices, and the "specific cycles" found in many individual series and the tendency for turning points to sometimes cluster at certain dates. Based on this information, a set of reference cycle dates were selected that specified the turning points in "aggregate economic activity". A key feature of the Burns and Mitchell approach was to focus on the amount of cyclical co-movement or coherence among a large number of economic variables. This co-movement is the prime characteristic of their definition of the business cycle: "...a cycle consists of expansions occurring at about the same time in many economic activities, followed by similarly general recessions, contractions, and revivals which merge into the expansion phase of the next cycle;...in duration business cycles vary from more than one year to ten or twelve years..." (Burns and Mitchell, 1946, p 3).
伯恩斯和米切尔测定商业周期的技术主要依赖于两种信息：来自商业出版物和一般商业状况指数的描述性证据，以及在许多单个系列中发现的“特定周期“，以及转折点有时聚集在某些日期的趋势。nbsp;根据这些信息，选择了一组参考周期日期，以指定“总体经济活动”的转折点。伯恩斯和米切尔方法的一个关键特征是关注大量经济变量之间的周期性共同运动或一致性。这种联动是他们对商业周期定义的主要特征： “......一个周期包括在许多经济活动中几乎同时发生的扩张，随后是类似的一般衰退，收缩和复苏，这些复苏合并到下一个周期的扩张阶段; 商业周期的持续时间从一年多到十年或十二年不等。”（Burns and Mitchell，1946，p3）。

The NBER approach is based on the view that there is no unique way of combining all these activities, and accordingly the business cycle cannot be fully depicted by a single measure, e.g. Burns (1969, p 13). Burns and Mitchell, and subsequent NBER researchers, intended therefore, before the computer age, to provide a standard technique with a set of decision rules for deriving business cycle turning points based on these two sorts of information. In practice, this involved the application of a standard format of filtering procedures to extract the turning points in each data series, and then combining this information in a judgmental way to determine a single turning point date. Other procedures, notably reference cycle indexes and coincident indexes, subsequently emerged as supplementary procedures for combining a large number of data series including various measures of output, production inputs, price series, monetary aggregates, etc, into a single composite index which have also been used to identify turning points.
国家经济研究局的方法是基于这样一种观点，即不存在将所有这些活动结合在一起的唯一方法，因此商业周期不能用一种单一的方法来完全描述，例如伯恩斯（1969，第13页）。因此，伯恩斯和米切尔，以及后来的国家经济研究局研究人员，打算在计算机时代到来之前，提供一种标准技术，其中包括一套决策规则，以便根据这两种信息得出商业周期的转折点。在实践中，这涉及应用标准格式的过滤程序，以提取每个数据系列中的转折点，然后以判断的方式将这些信息结合起来，以确定单个转折点日期。其他程序，特别是参考周期指数和同步指数，后来作为补充程序出现，将大量数据系列，包括各种产出、生产投入、价格系列、货币总量等计量数据，合并成一个单一的综合指数，也用于确定转折点。

Source: Buckle, R., Kim, K. and Hall, V. B. (1994) 'Dating business cycles' GSBGM Working Paper 6 : of
来源：Buckle，R.，金，K.和Hall，V. B。（1994年）“确定商业周期”GSBGM工作文件6：

References
引用

Academic vocabulary and the Academic Word List
学术词汇和学术词汇表

Coxhead, Averil and Nation, Paul (2001) 'The Specialised Vocabulary of English for Academic Purposes'. In Flowerdew, J. and Peacock, M. Research Perspectives on English for Academic Purposes. Press:
Coxhead，Averil和Nation，Paul（2001）“学术英语专业词汇”。在Flowerdew，J.和Peacock，M. 学术英语研究展望。印刷：
Coxhead, Averil (2000) A New Academic Word List. TESOL Quarterly, 34(2): 213-238.

Coxhead, Averil (2000) A New Academic Word List. TESOL Quarterly，34（2）：213-238.
For further reading on vocabulary:
关于词汇的进一步阅读：
Nation, P. (2001). Learning Vocabulary in Another Language. ,

Nation, P. (2001). 用另一种语言学习词汇。,
Press.
Schmitt, N. (2000). Vocabulary in Language Teaching. : Press.

Schmitt, N.（2000年）的第10/2000号决议。语言教学中的词汇。：Press.

For more on the Vocabulary Levels Test
有关词汇水平测试的更多信息

Schmitt, N. Schmitt, D. and Clapham, C. (2001) 'Developing and exploring the behavior of two new versions of the Vocabulary Levels Test'. Language Testing, 18, 1: 55 - 88.
施密特，N.施密特，D.和Clapham，C.（2001）“开发和探索两个新版本的词汇水平测试的行为”。语言测试，18，1：55 - 88。

Headwords of the Academic Word List
学术词汇表的词目

This list contains the head words of the families in the Academic Word List. The numbers indicate the sublist of the Academic Word List, with Sublist 1 containing the most frequent words, Sublist 2 the next most frequent and so on. For example, abandon and its family members are in Sublist 8 of the Academic Word List.
这个列表包含了学术词汇表中各家族的中心词。数字表示学术词汇表的子列表，子列表1包含最频繁的单词，子列表2包含次频繁的单词，依此类推。例如，abandon及其家族成员在学术词汇表的子列表8中。

abandon 放弃	8	abstract 摘要	6	academy 学院	5
access 接入	4	accommodate 容纳	9	accompany 陪	8
accumulate 积累	8	accurate 准确	6	achieve 实现	2
acknowledge 承认	6	acquire 获取	2	adapt 适应	7
adequate 足够	4	adjacent 相邻	10	adjust 调整	5
administrate 行政	2	adult 成人	7	advocate 倡导	7
affect 影响	2	aggregate 骨料	6	aid 援助	7
albeit 尽管	10	allocate 分配	6	alter 改变	5
alternative 替代	3	ambiguous 模棱两可	8	amend 修订	5
analogy 类比	9	analyse 分析	1	annual 年度	4
anticipate 预期	9	apparent 显而易见	4	append	8
appreciate 欣赏	8	approach 方法	1	appropriate 适当	2
approximate 近似	4	arbitrary 任意	8	area 区域	1
aspect 方面	2	assemble 组装	10	assess 评估	1
assign 分配	6	assist 协助	2	assume 假设	1
assure 保证	9	attach 附着	6	attain 实现	9
attitude 态度	4	attribute 属性	4	author 作者	6
authority 权威	1	automate 自动化	8	available 可用	1
aware 意识	5	behalf 代表	9	benefit 受益	1
bias 偏置	8	bond 债券	6	brief 简要	6
bulk 散装	9	capable 能够	6	capacity 能力	5
category 类别	2	cease 停止	9	challenge 挑战	5
channel 信道	7	chapter 章	2	chart 图表	8
chemical 化学	7	circumstance 情况	3	cite 引用	6
civil 民间	4	clarify 澄清	8	classic 经典	7
clause 条款	5	code 代码	4	coherent 相干	9
coincide 重合	9	collapse 崩溃	10	colleague 同事	10
commence 开始	9	comment 评论	3	commission 委员会	2
commit 承诺	4	commodity 商品	8	communicate 通信	4
community 社区	2	compatible 兼容	9	compensate 补偿	3
compile 编译	10	complement 补充	8	complex 复杂	2
component 组件	3	compound 化合物	5	comprehensive 全面	7
comprise 包括	7	compute 计算	2	conceive 怀孕	10
concentrate 浓缩物	4	concept 概念	1	conclude 缔结	2
concurrent 并发	9	conduct 进行	2	confer 赋予	4
confine 限制	9	confirm 确认	7	conflict 冲突	5
conform 符合	8	consent 同意	3	consequent 随之	2
considerable 相当大	3	consist 组成	1	constant 恒定	3
constitute 构成	1	constrain 约束	3	construct 构建体	2
consult 咨询	5	consume 消耗	2	contact 接触	5
contemporary 当代	8	context 上下文	1	contract 合同	1
contradict 矛盾	8	contrary 相反	7	contrast 对比	4
contribute 贡献	3	controversy 争议	9	convene 召开	3
converse 匡威	9	convert 转换	7	convince 说服	10
cooperate 合作	6	coordinate 坐标	3	core 核心	3
corporate 企业	3	correspond 对应	3	couple 几	7
create 创建	1	credit 信用	2	criteria 标准	3
crucial 关键	8	culture 文化	2	currency 货币	8
cycle 周期	4	data 数据	1	debate 辩论	4
decade 十年	7	decline 下降	5	deduce 推断	3
define 定义	1	definite 明确	7	demonstrate 证明	3
denote 表示	8	deny 否认	7	depress 压低	10
derive 导出	1	design 设计	2	despite 尽管	4
detect 检测	8	deviate 偏离	8	device 装置	9
devote 投入	9	differentiate 区分	7	dimension 尺寸	4
diminish 减少	9	discrete 离散	5	discriminate 歧视	6
displace 取代	8	display 显示	6	dispose 处置	7
distinct 不同	2	distort 扭曲	9	distribute 分发	1
diverse 多样化	6	document 文件	3	domain 域	6
domestic 国内	4	dominate 主导	3	draft 草案	5
drama 戏剧	8	duration 持续时间	9	dynamic 动态	7
economy 经济	1	edit 编辑	6	element 元件	2
eliminate 消除	7	emerge 出现	4	emphasis 重点	3
empirical 实证	7	enable 使	5	encounter 遇到	10
energy 能源	5	enforce 执行	5	enhance 增强	6
enormous 巨大	10	ensure 确保	3	entity 实体	5
environment 环境	1	equate 等同	2	equip 装备	7
equivalent 等效	5	erode 侵蚀	9	error 误差	4
establish 建立	1	estate 地产	6	estimate 估计	1
ethic 伦理	9	ethnic 民族	4	evaluate 评价	2
eventual 最终	8	evident 明显	1	evolve 进化	5
exceed 超过	6	exclude 排除	3	exhibit 表现出	8
expand 扩大	5	expert 专家	6	explicit 显式	6
exploit 利用	8	export 出口	1	expose 暴露	5
external 外部	5	extract 提取物	7	facilitate 促进	5
factor 因子	1	feature 特征	2	federal 联邦	6
fee 费	6	file 文件	7	final 最终	2
finance 金融	1	finite 有限	7	flexible 柔性	6
fluctuate 波动	8	focus 重点	2	format 格式	9
formula 式	1	forthcoming 即将	10	foundation 基础	7
found 发现	9	framework 框架	3	function 功能	1
fund 基金	3	fundamental 基本	5	furthermore 此外	6
gender 性别	6	generate 生成	5	generation 一代	5
globe 地球仪	7	goal 目标	4	grade 级	7
grant 格兰特	4	guarantee 保证	7	guideline 准则	8
hence 因此	4	hierarchy 层次结构	7	highlight 突出	8
hypothesis 假设	4	identical 相同	7	identify 识别	1
ideology 思想	7	ignorance 无知	6	illustrate 示出	3
image 图像	5	immigrate 移民	3	impact 影响	2
implement 实施	4	implicate 牵连	4	implicit 隐式	8
imply 意味	3	impose 征收	4	incentive 激励	6
incidence 发生率	6	incline 倾斜	10	income 收入	1
incorporate 纳入	6	index 指数	6	indicate 指示	1
individual 个人	1	induce 诱导	8	inevitable 必然	8
infer 推断	7	infrastructure 基础设施	8	inherent 固有	9
inhibit 抑制	6	initial 初始	3	initiate 发起	6
injure 伤害	2	innovate 创新	7	input 输入	6
insert 插入	7	insight 洞察力	9	inspect 检查	8
instance 例如	3	institute 研究所	2	instruct 指示	6
integral 积分	9	integrate 整合	4	integrity 完整性	10
intelligence 情报	6	intense 激烈	8	interact 交互	3
intermediate 中间	9	internal 内部	4	interpret 解释	1
interval 间隔	6	intervene 干预	7	intrinsic 内在	10
invest 投资	2	investigate 探讨	4	invoke 调用	10
involve 涉及	1	isolate 隔离	7	issue 问题	1
item 项目	2	job 工作	4	journal 杂志	2
justify 证明	3	label 标签	4	labor 劳动	1
layer 层	3	lecture 讲座	6	legal 法律的	1
legislate 立法	1	levy 征收	10	liberal 自由	5
license 许可证	5	likewise 同样	10	link 链路	3
locate 定位	3	logic 逻辑	5	maintain 保持	2
major 主要	1	manipulate 操纵	8	manual 手动	9
margin 保证金	5	mature 成熟	9	maximize 最大	3
mechanism 机制	4	media 媒体	7	mediate 介导	9
medical 医疗	5	medium 介质	9	mental 心理	5
method 方法	1	migrate 迁移	6	military 军事	9
minimal 最小	9	minimize 尽量减少	8	minimum 最小	6
ministry 部	6	minor 轻微	3	mode 模式	7
modify 修改	5	monitor 监测	5	motive 动机	6
mutual 相互	9	negate 否定	3	network 网络	5
neutral 中性	6	nevertheless 然而	6	nonetheless 尽管如此	10
norm 规范	9	normal 正常	2	notion 概念	5
notwithstanding 尽管	10	nuclear 核	8	objective 目的	5
obtain 获得	2	obvious 明显	4	occupy 占据	4
occur 发生	1	odd 奇怪	10	offset 偏移	8
ongoing 正在进行	10	option 选项	4	orient 东方	5
outcome 结果	3	output 输出	4	overall 整体	4
overlap 重叠	9	overseas 海外	6	panel 面板	10
paradigm 范式	7	paragraph 段	8	parallel 平行	4
parameter 参数	4	participate 参与	2	partner 伙伴	3
passive 被动	9	perceive 感知	2	percent 百分	1
period 期间	1	persist 坚持	10	perspective 透视	5
phase 相	4	phenomenon 现象	7	philosophy 哲学	3
physical 物理	3	plus 加上	8	policy 政策	1
portion 部分	9	pose 构成	10	positive 积极	2
potential 潜在	2	practitioner 从业者	8	precede 先于	6
precise 精确	5	predict 预测	4	predominant 主要	8
preliminary 初步	9	presume 假定	6	previous 先前	2
primary 初级	2	prime	5	principal 主要	4
principle 原则	1	prior 之前	4	priority 优先	7
proceed 进行	1	process 过程	1	professional 专业	4
prohibit 禁止	7	project 项目	4	promote 促进	4
proportion 比例	3	prospect 前景	8	protocol 议定书	9
psychology 心理学	5	publication 出版物	7	publish 发布	3
purchase 购买	2	pursue 追求	5	qualitative 定性	9
quote 引用	7	radical 激进	8	random 随机	8
range 范围	2	ratio 比	5	rational 理性	6
react 反应	3	recover 恢复	6	refine 细化	9
regime 政权	4	region 区域	2	register 寄存器	3
regulate 调节	2	reinforce 加强	8	reject 拒绝	5
relax 放松	9	release 释放	7	relevant 相关	2
reluctance 磁阻	10	rely 依赖	3	remove 去除	3
require 需要	1	research 研究	1	reside 驻留	2
resolve 解决	4	resource 资源	2	respond 回应	1
restore 恢复	8	restrain 抑制	9	restrict 限制	2
retain 保留	4	reveal 揭示	6	revenue 收入	5
reverse 反向	7	revise 修订	8	revolution 革命	9
rigid 刚性	9	role 作用	1	route 路线	9
scenario 场景	9	schedule 附表	8	scheme 方案	3
scope 范围	6	section 部分	1	sector 部门	1
secure 安全	2	seek 寻求	2	select 选择	2
sequence 序列	3	series 系列	4	sex 性	3
shift 移位	3	significant 显著	1	similar 类似	1
simulate 模拟	7	site 网站	2	so-called 所谓	10
sole 鞋底	7	somewhat 有些	7	source 源	1
specific 具体	1	specify 指定	3	sphere 球体	9
stable 稳定	5	statistic 统计	4	status 地位	4
straightforward 直截了当	10	strategy 战略	2	stress 应力	4
structure 结构	1	style 风格	5	submit 提交	7
subordinate 下属	9	subsequent 后续	4	subsidy 补贴	6
substitute 替代	5	successor 继任者	7	sufficient 足够	3
sum 总和	4	summary 总结	4	supplement 补充	9
survey 调查	2	survive 生存	7	suspend 暂停	9
sustain 维持	5	symbol 符号	5	tape 磁带	6
target 目标	5	task 任务	3	team 团队	9
technical 技术	3	technique 技术	3	technology 技术	3
temporary 临时	9	tense 紧张	8	terminate 终止	8
text 文本	2	theme 主题	8	theory 理论	1
thereby 从而	8	thesis 论文	7	topic 话题	7
trace 微量	6	tradition 传统	2	transfer 转移	2
transform 变换	6	transit 过境	5	transmit 发送	7
transport 运输	6	trend 趋势	5	trigger 触发	9
ultimate 终极	7	undergo 经历	10	underlie 的基础	6
undertake 承担	4	uniform 均匀	8	unify 统一	9
unique 独特	7	utilize 利用	6	valid 有效	3
vary 变化	1	vehicle 车辆	8	version 版本	5
via 经由	8	violate 违反	9	virtual 虚拟	8
visible 可见	7	vision 愿景	9	visual 视觉	8
volume 体积	3	voluntary 自愿	7	welfare 福利	5
whereas 而	5	whereby 由此	10	widespread 广泛	8

The Academic Word List
学术词汇表

Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表1-家庭中最常见的单词

This sublist contains the most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 1 are listed below.
这个子表包含了学术语料库中学术词汇表中最常见的词汇。下面列出了子表1中最常见的单词家族成员。

analysis
分析
approach
方法
area
区域
assessment
评估
assume
假设
authority
权威
available
可用
benefit
受益
concept
概念
consistent
一致
constitutional
宪法
context
上下文
contract
合同
create
创建
data
数据
definition
定义
derived
衍生
distribution
分布
economic
经济
environment
环境
established
建立
estimate
估计
evidence
证据
export
出口
factors
因素
financial
金融
formula
式
function
功能
identified
识别
income
收入

indicate
指示
individual
个人
interpretation
解释
involved
涉及
issues
问题
labour
劳工
legal
法律的
legislation
立法
major
主要
method
方法
occur
发生
percent
百分
period
期间
policy
政策
principle
原则
procedure
程序
process
过程
required
需
research
研究
response
响应
role
作用
section
部分
sector
部门
significant
显著
similar
类似
source
源
specific
具体
structure
结构
theory
理论
variables
变量

Sublist 2 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表2-家庭中最常见的单词

This sublist contains the second most frequent words in the Academic Word List from the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 2 are listed below.
这个子列表包含学术语料库中学术词汇表中第二频繁的单词。下面列出了子表2中最常见的单词家族成员。

achieve
实现
acquisition
采集
administration
管理
affect
影响
appropriate
适当
aspects
方面
assistance
援助
categories
类别
chapter
章
commission
委员会
community
社区
complex
复杂
computer
计算机
conclusion
结论
conduct
进行
consequences
后果
construction
建设
consumer
消费者
credit
信用
cultural
文化
design
设计
distinction
区别
elements
元件
equation
方程
evaluation
评价
features
特征
final
最终
focus
重点
impact
影响
injury
损伤

institute
研究所
investment
投资
items
项目
journal
杂志
maintenance
维护
normal
正常
obtained
获得
participation
参与
perceived
感知
positive
积极
potential
潜在
previous
先前
primary
初级
purchase
购买
range
范围
region
区域
regulations
条例
relevant
相关
resident
居民
resources
资源
restricted
限制
security
安全
sought
寻求
select
选择
site
网站
strategies
战略
survey
调查
text
文本
traditional
传统
transfer
转移

Sublist 3 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表3-家庭中最常见的单词

This sublist contains the third most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 3 are listed below.
这个子表包含了学术语料库中学术词汇表中第三大最频繁的词汇。下面列出了子表3中最常见的单词家族成员。

alternative
替代
circumstances
情况
comments
评论
compensation
补偿
components
组件
consent
同意
considerable
相当大
constant
恒定
constraints
约束
contribution
贡献
convention
公约
coordination
协调
core
核心
corporate
企业
corresponding
对应
criteria
标准
deduction
扣除
demonstrate
证明
document
文件
dominant
主导
emphasis
重点
ensure
确保
excluded
排除
framework
框架
funds
资金
illustrated
示
immigration
移民
implies
意味
initial
初始
instance
例如

interaction
相互作用
justification
理由
layer
层
link
链路
location
位置
maximum
最大
minorities
少数群体
negative
负
outcomes
成果
partnership
伙伴关系
philosophy
哲学
physical
物理
proportion
比例
published
发表
reaction
反应
registered
注册
reliance
依赖
removed
移除
scheme
方案
sequence
序列
sex
性
shift
移位
specified
指定
sufficient
足够
task
任务
technical
技术
techniques
技术
technology
技术
validity
有效性
volume
体积

Sublist 4 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表4-家庭中最常见的单词

This sublist contains the fourth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 4 are listed below.
这个子表包含了学术语料库中学术词汇表中第四大最频繁的单词。下面列出了子表4中最常见的单词家族成员。

access
接入
adequate
足够
annual
年度
apparent
显而易见
approximated
近似
attitudes
态度
attributed
归因
civil
民间
code
代码
commitment
承诺
communication
通信
concentration
浓度
conference
会议
contrast
对比
cycle
周期
debate
辩论
despite
尽管
dimensions
尺寸
domestic
国内
emerged
出现
error
误差
ethnic
民族
goals
目标
granted
授予
hence
因此
hypothesis
假设
implementation
执行
implications
影响
imposed
强加
integration
一体化

internal
内部
investigation
调查
job
工作
label
标签
mechanism
机制
obvious
明显
occupational
职业
option
选项
output
输出
overall
整体
parallel
平行
parameters
参数
phase
相
predicted
预测
principal
主要
prior
之前
professional
专业
project
项目
promote
促进
regime
政权
resolution
决议
retained
保留
series
系列
statistics
统计
status
地位
stress
应力
subsequent
后续
sum
总和
summary
总结
undertaken
开展

Sublist 5 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表5-家庭中最常见的单词

academic
学术
adjustment
调整
alter
改变
amendment
修正案
aware
意识
capacity
能力
challenge
挑战
clause
条款
compounds
化合物
conflict
冲突
consultation
协商
contact
接触
decline
下降
discretion
酌处权
draft
草案
enable
使
energy
能源
enforcement
执法
entities
实体
equivalent
等效
evolution
进化
expansion
膨胀
exposure
暴露
external
外部
facilitate
促进
fundamental
基本
generated
生成
generation
一代
image
图像
liberal
自由

licence
牌照
logic
逻辑
marginal
边际
medical
医疗
mental
心理
modified
改性
monitoring
监测
network
网络
notion
概念
objective
目的
orientation
取向
perspective
透视
precise
精确
prime
psychology
心理学
pursue
追求
ratio
比
rejected
拒绝
revenue
收入
stability
稳定性
styles
款式
substitution
取代
sustainable
可持续
symbolic
象征性
target
目标
transition
过渡
trend
趋势
version
版本
welfare
福利
whereas
而

Sublist 6 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表6-家庭中最常见的单词

abstract
摘要
accurate
准确
acknowledged
承认
aggregate
骨料
allocation
分配
assigned
分配
attached
附
author
作者
bond
债券
brief
简要
capable
能够
cited
引用
cooperative
合作
discrimination
歧视
display
显示
diversity
多样性
domain
域
edition
版
enhanced
增强
estate
地产
exceed
超过
expert
专家
explicit
显式
federal
联邦
fees
费
flexibility
灵活性
furthermore
此外
gender
性别
ignored
忽视
incentive
激励

incidence
发生率
incorporated
并入
index
指数
inhibition
抑制
initiatives
举措
input
输入
instructions
指令
intelligence
情报
interval
间隔
lecture
讲座
migration
迁移
minimum
最小
ministry
部
motivation
动机
neutral
中性
nevertheless
然而
overseas
海外
preceding
前述
presumption
推定
rational
理性
recovery
恢复
revealed
透露
scope
范围
subsidiary
附属
tapes
磁带
trace
微量
transformation
转型
transport
运输
underlying
底层
utility
实用

Sublist 7 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表7-家庭中最常见的单词

adaptation
适应
adults
成年人
advocate
倡导
aid
援助
channel
信道
chemical
化学
classical
古典
comprehensive
全面
comprise
包括
confirmed
证实
contrary
相反
converted
转换
couple
几
decades
几十年
definite
明确
deny
否认
differentiation
分化
disposal
处置
dynamic
动态
eliminate
消除
empirical
实证
equipment
设备
extract
提取物
file
文件
finite
有限
foundation
基础
global
全球
grade
级
guarantee
保证
hierarchical
分层

identical
相同
ideology
思想
inferred
推断
innovation
创新
insert
插入
intervention
干预
isolated
分离
media
媒体
mode
模式
paradigm
范式
phenomenon
现象
priority
优先
prohibited
禁止
publication
出版物
quotation
报价
release
释放
reverse
反向
simulation
仿真
solely
仅
somewhat
有些
submitted
提交
successive
连续
survive
生存
thesis
论文
topic
话题
transmission
传输
ultimately
最终
unique
独特
visible
可见
voluntary
自愿

Sublist 8 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表8-家庭中最常见的单词

abandon
放弃
accompanied
陪同
accumulation
积累
ambiguous
模棱两可
appendix
附录
appreciation
赞赏
arbitrary
任意
automatically
自动
bias
偏置
chart
图表
clarity
清楚
conformity
符合性
commodity
商品
complement
补充
contemporary
当代
contradiction
矛盾
crucial
关键
currency
货币
denote
表示
detected
检测
deviation
偏差
displacement
位移
dramatic
戏剧性
eventually
最终
exhibit
表现出
exploitation
剥削
fluctuations
波动
guidelines
准则
highlighted
强调
implicit
隐式

induced
诱导
inevitably
避免地
infrastructure
基础设施
inspection
检查
intensity
强度
manipulation
操纵
minimised
小化
nuclear
核
offset
偏移
paragraph
段
plus
加上
practitioners
从业者
predominantly
主要
prospect
前景
radical
激进
random
随机
reinforced
钢筋
restore
恢复
revision
修订
schedule
附表
tension
张力
termination
终止
theme
主题
thereby
从而
uniform
均匀
vehicle
车辆
via
经由
virtually
几乎
widespread
广泛
visual
视觉

Sublist 9 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表9-家庭中最常见的单词

accommodation
住宿
analogous
类似
anticipated
预期
assurance
保证
attained
达到
behalf
代表
bulk
散装
ceases
停止
coherence
一致性
coincide
重合
commenced
开始
incompatible
不兼容
concurrent
并发
confined
局限
controversy
争议
conversely
相反
device
装置
devoted
致力
diminished
减少
distorted/distortion - equal figures
扭曲/扭曲-相等的数字
duration
持续时间
erosion
侵蚀
ethical
伦理
format
格式
founded
成立
inherent
固有
insights
见解
integral
积分
intermediate
中间
manual
手动

mature
成熟
mediation
调解
medium
介质
military
军事
minimal
最小
mutual
相互
norms
规范
overlap
重叠
passive
被动
portion
部分
preliminary
初步
protocol
议定书
qualitative
定性
refine
细化
relaxed
放松
restraints
限制
revolution
革命
rigid
刚性
route
路线
scenario
场景
sphere
球体
subordinate
下属
supplementary
补充
suspended
悬浮
team
团队
temporary
临时
trigger
触发
unified
统一
violation
违反
vision
愿景

Sublist 10 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表10-家庭中最常见的单词

This sublist contains the least frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 10 are listed below.
这个子列表包含了学术语料库中学术词汇表中最不常见的单词。下面列出了子表10中最常见的单词家族成员。

adjacent
相邻
albeit
尽管
assembly
组件
collapse
崩溃
colleagues
同事
compiled
编译
conceived
构思
convinced
深信
depression
抑郁
encountered
遇到
enormous
巨大
forthcoming
即将
inclination
倾斜
integrity
完整性
intrinsic
内在

invoked
调用
levy
征收
likewise
同样
nonetheless
尽管如此
notwithstanding
尽管
odd
奇怪
ongoing
正在进行
panel
面板
persistent
持久性
posed
构成
reluctant
不愿意
so-called
所谓
straightforward
直截了当
undergo
经历
whereby
由此

Academic word list
学术词汇表

There are 570 headwords and about 3000 words altogether. For more information see The Academic Word List.
全书共有词目570个，约3000字。欲了解更多信息，请参阅学术词汇表。

Headwords 词目	Other words in the family. 家里的其他话。
abandon 放弃	abandoned, abandoning, abandonment, abandons 放弃，放弃
abstract 摘要	abstraction, abstractions, abstractly, abstracts 抽象，抽象
academy 学院	academia, academic, academically, academics, academies academic，academic，academically，academics，academies，学术界，学术界
access 接入	accessed, accesses, accessibility, accessible, accessing, inaccessible accessible，accessibility，accessible
accommodate 容纳	accommodated, accommodates, accommodating, accommodation 适应，适应
accompany 陪	accompanied, accompanies, accompaniment, accompanying, unaccompanied 陪伴，无陪伴
accumulate 积累	accumulated, accumulating, accumulation, accumulates 积累，积累
accurate 准确	accuracy, accurately, inaccuracy, inaccuracies, inaccurate 准确，准确，不准确
achieve 实现	achievable, achieved, achievement, achievements, achieves, achieving achievable，achievable
acknowledge 承认	acknowledged, acknowledges, acknowledging, acknowledgement, acknowledgements 承认，承认
acquire 获取	acquired, acquires, acquiring, acquisition, acquisitions 收购，收购
adapt 适应	adaptability, adaptable, adaptation, adaptations, adapted, adapting, adaptive, adapts adaptation，adaptation
adequate 足够	adequacy, adequately, inadequacies, inadequacy, inadequate, inadequately 适当的，适当的，不适当的，不充分的，不适当的
adjacent 相邻
adjust 调整	adjusted, adjusting, adjustment, adjustments, adjusts, readjust, readjusted, readjusting, readjustment, readjustments, readjusts adjusted，adjusting，adjustment，adjustments，adjusts，adjust
administrate 行政	administrates, administration, administrations, administrative, administratively, administrator, administrators administrates，administration，administrations，administrative，administratively，administrator，administrators
adult 成人	adulthood, adults 成年人，adults
advocate 倡导	advocacy, advocated, advocates, advocating 提倡，提倡
affect 影响	affected, affecting, affective, affectively, affects, unaffected affected，affecting，affective，affectly，affects，unaffected
aggregate 骨料	aggregated, aggregates, aggregating, aggregation 聚集，聚集
aid 援助	aided, aiding, aids, unaided 援助，援助，艾滋病，无援助
albeit 尽管
allocate 分配	allocated, allocates, allocating, allocation, allocations 分配，分配
alter 改变	alterable, alteration, alterations, altered, altering, alternate, alternating, alters, unalterable, unaltered 可改变的，不可改变的，不可改变的
alternative 替代	alternatively, alternatives 或者，替代方案
ambiguous 模棱两可	ambiguities, ambiguity, unambiguous, unambiguously 模棱两可，模棱两可，毫不含糊，毫不含糊
amend 修订	amended, amending, amendment, amendments, amends 修正，修正
analogy 类比	analogies, analogous 类比
analyze 分析	analyzed, analyzer, analyzers, analyses, analyzing, analysis, analyst, analysts, analytic, analytical, analytically 分析，分析
annual 年度	annually 每年
anticipate 预期	anticipated, anticipates, anticipating, anticipation, unanticipated predicted，predicting，predicting，predicting，unpredicted
apparent 显而易见	apparently 显然
append	appendix, appended, appends, appending, appendices, appendixes appendix，appendix
appreciate 欣赏	appreciable, appreciably, appreciated, appreciates, appreciating, appreciation, unappreciated appreciate，appreciably，appreciated，appreciate，unappreciated
approach 方法	approachable, approached, approaches, approaching, unapproachable 可接近的，不可接近的
appropriate 适当	appropriacy, appropriately, appropriateness, inappropriacy, inappropriate, inappropriately 适当的，适当的，不适当的，不适当的
approximate 近似	approximated, approximately, approximates, approximating, approximation, approximations 近似的，近似的
arbitrary 任意	arbitrariness, arbitrarily 任意的，武断的
area 区域	areas 地区
aspect 方面	aspects 方面
assemble 组装	assembled, assembles, assemblies, assembling, assembly 组装，装配，装配，装配，装配
assess 评估	assessable, assessed, assesses, assessing, assessment, assessments, reassess, reassessed, reassessing, reassessment, unassessed 可评估的、评估的、重新评估的、未评估的
assign 分配	assigned, assigning, assignment, assignments, assigns, reassign, reassigned, reassigning, reassigns, unassigned 已分配，重新分配，未分配
assist 协助	assistance, assistant, assistants, assisted, assisting, assists, unassisted 协助，无协助
assume 假设	assumed, assumes, assuming, assumption, assumptions 假设，假设，假设，假设
assure 保证	assurance, assurances, assured, assuredly, assures, assuring 保证，保证，保证，保证，保证
attach 附着	attached, attaches, attaching, attachment, attachments, unattached attached，attached，attaching，attachment，attachments，unattached
attain 实现	attainable, attained, attaining, attainment, attainments, attains, unattainable reachable，reachable
attitude 态度	attitudes 态度
attribute 属性	attributable, attributed, attributes, attributing, attribution 归因，归因
author 作者	authored, authoring, authors, authorship 作者，作者，作者
authority 权威	authoritative, authorities 权威的，权威
automate 自动化	automatic, automated, automates, automating, automatically, automation 自动的，自动化的
available 可用	availability, unavailable 可用性，不可用
aware 意识	awareness, unaware 意识，不知道
behalf 代表
benefit 受益	beneficial, beneficiary, beneficiaries, benefited, benefiting, benefits 受益人，受益人，受益人
bias 偏置	biased, biases, biasing, unbiased 有偏见的，无偏见的
bond 债券	bonded, bonding, bonds 粘合，粘合，粘合
brief 简要	brevity, briefed, briefing, briefly, briefs 简短，简要
bulk 散装	bulky 笨重
capable 能够	capabilities, capability, incapable 能力，能力，能力
capacity 能力	capacities, incapacitate, incapacitated capacities，capacitate，capacitated
category 类别	categories, categorization, categorize, categorized, categorizes, categorizing, categorizing 分类，归类，归类
cease 停止	ceased, ceaseless, ceases, ceasing 停止，停止，停止
challenge 挑战	challenged, challenger, challengers, challenges, challenging 挑战者，挑战者，挑战，挑战
channel 信道	channelled, channelling, channels channeled，channeling，channels
chapter 章	chapters 章
chart 图表	charted, charting, charts, uncharted Charted，charting，charts，uncharted
chemical 化学	chemically, chemicals 化学，化学
circumstance 情况	circumstances 情况
cite 引用	citation, citations, cited, citing, cites 引用，引用
civil 民间
clarify 澄清	clarification, clarified, clarifies, clarifying, clarity 澄清，澄清
classic 经典	classical, classics 古典的，古典的
clause 条款	clauses 条款
code 代码	coded, codes, coding 编码，编码，编码
coherent 相干	coherence, coherently, incoherent, incoherently coherently，coherently，inconcoherently
coincide 重合	coincided, coincides, coinciding, coincidence, coincidences, coincident, coincidental 巧合，巧合
collapse 崩溃	collapsed, collapses, collapsible, collapsing 倒塌，倒塌
colleague 同事	colleagues 同事
commence 开始	commenced, commences, commencement, commencing, recommences, recommenced, recommencing 开始，重新开始
comment 评论	commentaries, commentary, commentator, commentators, commented, commenting, comments 评论，评论，评论员，评论
commission 委员会	commissioned, commissioner, commissioners, commissioning, commissions 委托，专员，专员，委托，佣金
commit 承诺	commitment, commitments, commits, committed, committing 承诺，承诺，承诺，承诺，承诺
commodity 商品	commodities 商品
communicate 通信	communicable, communicated, communicates, communicating, communication, communications, communicative, communicatively, uncommunicative communicate，communicated，communicates，communicating，communication，communication，communicating，communicating，communicating，communicating，uncommunicating
community 社区	communities 社区
compatible 兼容	compatibility, incompatibility, incompatible 兼容性，不兼容性，不兼容
compensate 补偿	compensated, compensates, compensating, compensation, compensations, compensatory 补偿的，补偿的
compile 编译	compilation, compilations, compiled, compiles, compiling 编译，编译
complement 补充	complementary, complemented, complementing, complements 互补的，补充的，补充的
complex 复杂	complexities, complexity 复杂，复杂
component 组件	componentry, components 组件
compound 化合物	compounded, compounding, compounds 复合的，复合的，复合物
comprehensive 全面	comprehensively 全面
comprise 包括	comprised, comprises, comprising 包括，包括，包括
compute 计算	computation, computational, computations, computable, computer, computed, computerized, computers, computing 计算，可计算的，计算机，计算的，计算机化的，计算机，计算
conceive 怀孕	conceivable, conceivably, conceived, conceives, conceiving, inconceivable, inconceivably considerably，considerably，considerably，inconsiderably，inconsiderably，inconsiderably
concentrate 浓缩物	concentrated, concentrates, concentrating, concentration 浓缩，浓缩
concept 概念	conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualization, conceptualize, conceptualized, conceptualizes, conceptualizing, conceptually 概念，概念化，概念
conclude 缔结	concluded, concludes, concluding, conclusion, conclusions, conclusive, conclusively, inconclusive, inconclusively 结论，结论性的，决定性的，非决定性的
concurrent 并发	concurrently 同时
conduct 进行	conducted, conducting, conducts 进行，进行，进行
confer 赋予	conference, conferences, conferred, conferring, confers 会议，会议，授予
confine 限制	confined, confines, confining, unconfined 受限制的，不受限制的
confirm 确认	confirmation, confirmed, confirming, confirms 确认，确认
conflict 冲突	conflicted, conflicting, conflicts 冲突，冲突，冲突
conform 符合	conformable, conformability, conformance, conformation, conformed, conforming, conformist, conformists, conformity, conforms, nonconformist, nonconformists, nonconformity, non-conformist, non-conformists, non-conformity conformable，conformability，conformity，conformable，conformist，conformists，conformity，conforms，non-conformist，non-conformists，non-conformity，non-conformists，non-conformists，non-conformity
consent 同意	consensus, consented, consenting, consents consensus，consensus
consequent 随之	consequence, consequences, consequently 后果，后果，后果
considerable 相当大	considerably 大大
consist 组成	consisted, consistency, consistent, consistently, consisting, consists, inconsistencies, inconsistency, inconsistent 组成，一致性，一致，一致，组成，组成，不一致
constant 恒定	constancy, constantly, constants, inconstancy, inconstantly constancy，constantly，constantly，inconstantly，inconstantly
constitute 构成	constituencies, constituency, constituent, constituents, constituted, constitutes, constituting, constitution, constitutions, constitutional, constitutionally, constitutive, unconstitutional constitutional，unconstitutional，constitutional，constit
constrain 约束	constrained, constraining, constrains, constraint, constraints, unconstrained 约束，约束，无约束
construct 构建体	constructed, constructing, construction, constructions, constructive, constructs, reconstruct, reconstructed, reconstructing, reconstruction, reconstructs 构造的，构造的，重建的，重建的
consult 咨询	consultancy, consultant, consultants, consultation, consultations, consultative, consulted, consults, consulting consultant，consultants，consultancy，consultations，consultants，consultations，consultative，consultants，consultations，consultative，consultant，consultants，consultant，consultations，consultative，consultant，consultants，consultant，consultants，consultation
consume 消耗	consumed, consumer, consumers, consumes, consuming, consumption 消费者，消费者
contact 接触	contactable, contacted, contacting, contacts 可联系的，联系的，联系的，联系人
contemporary 当代	contemporaries 同时代
context 上下文	contexts, contextual, contextualize, contextualized, contextualizing, uncontextualized contextual，contextual，contextualize，contextualized，contextualizing，uncontextualiz艾德
contract 合同	contracted, contracting, contractor, contractors, contracts 承包商，合同
contradict 矛盾	contradicted, contradicting, contradiction, contradictions, contradictory, contradicts 矛盾的，矛盾的
contrary 相反	contrarily 相反
contrast 对比	contrasted, contrasting, contrastive, contrasts 对比，对比
contribute 贡献	contributed, contributes, contributing, contribution, contributions, contributor, contributors 贡献者，贡献者
controversy 争议	controversies, controversial, controversially, uncontroversial 争议，有争议的，有争议的，无争议的
convene 召开	convention, convenes, convened, convening, conventional, conventionally, conventions, unconventional conventional，conventional
converse 匡威	conversely 相反
convert 转换	conversion, conversions, converted, convertible, converting, converts 转换，可转换，转换，转换
convince 说服	convinced, convinces, convincing, convincingly, unconvinced convinced，convinced，convincing，convincingly，unconvinced
cooperate 合作	cooperated, cooperates, cooperating, cooperation, cooperative, cooperatively, co-operate, co-operated, co-operates, co-operation, co-operative, co-operatively cooperated，cooperating，cooperative
coordinate 坐标	coordinated, coordinates, coordinating, coordination, coordinator, coordinators, co-ordinate, co-ordinated, co-ordinates, co-ordinating, co-ordination, co-ordinator, co-ordinators 协调的，协调的
core 核心	cores, coring, cored 岩心，取芯，有芯的
corporate 企业	corporates, corporation, corporations 公司，公司，公司
correspond 对应	corresponded, correspondence, corresponding, correspondingly, corresponds 对应的，对应的，对应的
couple 几	coupled, coupling, couples 耦合，耦合，耦合
create 创建	created, creates, creating, creation, creations, creative, creatively, creativity, creator, creators, recreate, recreated, recreates, recreating 创造的，创造性的，创造者，创造者，重新创造
credit 信用	credited, crediting, creditor, creditors, credits 贷记，贷方，债权人，债权人，贷项
criteria 标准	criterion 标准
crucial 关键	crucially 至关
culture 文化	cultural, culturally, cultured, cultures, uncultured 文化的，非文化的
currency 货币	currencies 货币
cycle 周期	cycled, cycles, cyclic, cyclical, cycling 循环的，循环的，循环的，循环的
data 数据
debate 辩论	debatable, debated, debates, debating 辩论，辩论，辩论
decade 十年	decades 几十年
decline 下降	declined, declines, declining 下降，下降，下降
deduce 推断	deduced, deduces, deducing, deduction, deductions 演绎，演绎
define 定义	definable, defined, defines, defining, definition, definitions, redefine, redefined, redefines, redefining, undefined definable，defined，defines，defining，definition，definitions，definition
definite 明确	definitely, definitive, indefinite, indefinitely 明确的，不确定的，不确定的
demonstrate 证明	demonstrable, demonstrably, demonstrated, demonstrates, demonstrating, demonstration, demonstrations, demonstrative, demonstratively, demonstrator, demonstrators 可证明的，可证明的
denote 表示	denotation, denotations, denoted, denotes, denoting 表示，表示
deny 否认	deniable, denial, denials, denied, denies, denying, undeniable 否认，否认
depress 压低	depressed, depresses, depressing, depression 沮丧，沮丧
derive 导出	derivation, derivations, derivative, derivatives, derived, derives, deriving 推导，推导，推导
design 设计	designed, designer, designers, designing, designs 设计，设计师，设计师，设计，设计
despite 尽管
detect 检测	detectable, detected, detecting, detection, detective, detectives, detector, detectors, detects 可检测的，可检测的
deviate 偏离	deviated, deviates, deviating, deviation, deviations 偏离，偏离
device 装置	devices 设备
devote 投入	devoted, devotedly, devotes, devoting, devotion, devotions 奉献，奉献
differentiate 区分	differentiated, differentiates, differentiating, differentiation 分化，分化
dimension 尺寸	dimensional, dimensions, multidimensional 多维的
diminish 减少	diminished, diminishes, diminishing, diminution, undiminished 减少的，不减少的
discrete 离散	discretely, discretion, discretionary, indiscrete, indiscretion discrete，discretion，discretion，discretion，discretion
discriminate 歧视	discriminated, discriminates, discriminating, discrimination 歧视，歧视，歧视
displace 取代	displaced, displacement, displaces, displacing 位移，位移
display 显示	displayed, displaying, displays 显示，显示，显示
dispose 处置	disposable, disposal, disposed, disposes, disposing disposable，disposable
distinct 不同	distinction, distinctions, distinctive, distinctively, distinctly, indistinct, indistinctly 区别，区别，独特的，独特的，明显的，明显的，模糊的，模糊的
distort 扭曲	distorted, distorting, distortion, distortions, distorts 扭曲的，扭曲的，扭曲的，扭曲的
distribute 分发	distributed, distributing, distribution, distributional, distributions, distributive, distributor, distributors, redistribute, redistributed, redistributes, redistributing, redistribution distributed，distributor，distributors，redistributor
diverse 多样化	diversely, diversification, diversified, diversifies, diversify, diversifying, diversity 多样化，多样化
document 文件	documentation, documented, documenting, documents 文档，记录，文档，文档
domain 域	domains 域
domestic 国内	domestically, domesticate, domesticated, domesticating, domestics 驯化的，驯化的
dominate 主导	dominance, dominant, dominated, dominates, dominating, domination 支配，支配
draft 草案	drafted, drafting, drafts, redraft, redrafted, redrafting, redrafts 起草，起草，草稿，重新起草
drama 戏剧	dramas, dramatic, dramatically, dramatize, dramatized, dramatizing, dramatizes, dramatization, dramatizations, dramatist, dramatists, dramatization, dramatizations, dramatizing dramatic，dramatized，dramatizing，dramatizes，dramatization，dramatizing
duration 持续时间
dynamic 动态	dynamically, dynamics 动态的，动态的
economy 经济	economic, economical, economically, economics, economies, economist, economists, uneconomical 经济的，经济学的，经济学家，不经济的
edit 编辑	edited, editing, edition, editions, editor, editorial, editorials, editors, edits edited，editing，edition，editions，editor，editorial，editorials，editors，editions，编辑，编辑
element 元件	elements 元件
eliminate 消除	eliminated, eliminates, eliminating, elimination 消除，消除
emerge 出现	emerged, emergence, emergent, emerges, emerging 出现，出现，涌现
emphasis 重点	emphasize, emphasized, emphasizing, emphatic, emphatically 强调，强调
empirical 实证	empirically, empiricism 经验主义
enable 使	enabled, enables, enabling 启用，启用，启用
encounter 遇到	encountered, encountering, encounters 遭遇，遭遇，遭遇
energy 能源	energetic, energetically, energies 精力充沛，精力充沛，精力充沛
enforce 执行	enforced, enforcement, enforces, enforcing 强制执行，强制执行，强制执行
enhance 增强	enhanced, enhancement, enhances, enhancing 增强，增强
enormous 巨大	enormity, enormously 巨大的，
ensure 确保	ensured, ensures, ensuring 确保，确保，确保
entity 实体	entities 实体
environment 环境	environmental, environmentalist, environmentalists, environmentally, environments 环境，环境保护主义者，环境，环境
equate 等同	equated, equates, equating, equation, equations equated，equates，equating，equation，equations
equip 装备	equipment, equipped, equipping, equips 装备，装备，装备
equivalent 等效	equivalence 等价
erode 侵蚀	eroded, erodes, eroding, erosion 侵蚀，侵蚀
error 误差	erroneous, erroneously, errors 错误的，错误的，错误的
establish 建立	disestablish, disestablished, disestablishes, disestablishing, disestablishment, established, establishes, establishing, establishment, establishments disestablished，disestablished，disestablishing，disestablishment，established，established，establishing，establishment，establishment，establishments
estate 地产	estates 屋
estimate 估计	estimated, estimates, estimating, estimation, estimations, over-estimate, overestimate, overestimated, overestimates, overestimating, underestimate, underestimated, underestimates, underestimating 估计，估计，高估，低估，低估
ethic 伦理	ethical, ethically, ethics, unethical 道德的，道德上的，道德的，不道德的
ethnic 民族	ethnicity 族裔
evaluate 评价	evaluated, evaluates, evaluating, evaluation, evaluations, evaluative, re-evaluate, re-evaluated, re-evaluates, re-evaluating, re-evaluation evaluated，evaluates，evaluation，evaluative，re-evaluate，re-evaluated，re-evaluate
eventual 最终	eventuality, eventually 最终，
evident 明显	evidenced, evidence, evidential, evidently evidence，evidence，evidence，evidence，evidence
evolve 进化	evolution, evolved, evolving, evolves, evolutionary, evolutionist, evolutionists evolution，evolved，evolving，evolved
exceed 超过	exceeded, exceeding, exceeds 超越，超越，超越
exclude 排除	excluded, excludes, excluding, exclusion, exclusionary, exclusionist, exclusions, exclusive, exclusively 排除，排除
exhibit 表现出	exhibited, exhibiting, exhibition, exhibitions, exhibits 展览，展览
expand 扩大	expanded, expanding, expands, expansion, expansionism, expansive 膨胀，膨胀主义，膨胀
expert 专家	expertise, expertly, experts 专家，专家，专家
explicit 显式	explicitly 明确
exploit 利用	exploitation, exploited, exploiting, exploits 剥削，剥削
export 出口	exported, exporter, exporters, exporting, exports 出口，出口商，出口商，出口，出口
expose 暴露	exposed, exposes, exposing, exposure, exposures 暴露，暴露
external 外部	externalisation, externalise, externalised, externalises, externalising, externality externalisation，externalises，externalising，externality
extract 提取物	extracted, extracting, extraction, extracts 提取，提取物
facilitate 促进	facilitated, facilitates, facilities, facilitating, facilitation, facilitator, facilitators, facility 便利的，促进的，促进者，促进者，设施
factor 因子	factored, factoring, factors 因子分解，因数
feature 特征	featured, features, featuring 特色，特色，特色
federal 联邦	federation, federations 联邦，联邦
fee 费	fees 费
file 文件	filed, files, filing 归档，归档，归档
final 最终	finalize, finalized, finalizes, finalizing, finality, finally, finals finalize，finalized，finalizes，finalizing，finality，finally，finals
finance 金融	financed, finances, financial, financially, financier, financiers, financing 金融家，金融
finite 有限	infinite, infinitely 无限的，无限的
flexible 柔性	flexibility, inflexible, inflexibility 灵活性
fluctuate 波动	fluctuated, fluctuates, fluctuating, fluctuation, fluctuations 波动，波动
focus 重点	focused, focuses, focusing, refocus, refocused, refocuses, refocusing focused，focused
format 格式	formatted, formatting, formats 格式化，格式化，格式
formula 式	formulae, formulas, formulate, formulated, formulating, formulation, formulations, reformulate, reformulated, reformulating, reformulation, reformulations 公式，公式，公式
forthcoming 即将
found 发现	founded, founder, founders, founding, unfounded founded，founder，founding
foundation 基础	foundations 基础
framework 框架	frameworks 框架
function 功能	functional, functionally, functioned, functioning, functions 功能性的，功能性的
fund 基金	funded, funder, funders, funding, funds 资金，资金，资金
fundamental 基本	fundamentally 根本上
furthermore 此外
gender 性别	genders 性别
generate 生成	generated, generates, generating 生成，生成，生成
generation 一代	generations 代
globe 地球仪	global, globally, globalize, globalization global，globally，globalize全球化
goal 目标	goals 目标
grade 级	graded, grades, grading 分级，分级，分级
grant 格兰特	granted, granting, grants 授予，授予，赠款
guarantee 保证	guaranteed, guaranteeing, guarantees 担保，保证，保证
guideline 准则	guidelines 准则
hence 因此
hierarchy 层次结构	hierarchical, hierarchies 等级，层次
highlight 突出	highlighted, highlighting, highlights 高亮，高亮，高亮
hypothesis 假设	hypotheses, hypothesize, hypothesized, hypothesizes, hypothesizing, hypothetical, hypothetically 假设，假设，假设，假设，假设
identical 相同	identically 相同
identify 识别	identifiable, identification, identified, identifies, identifying, identities, identity, unidentifiable 可识别的，识别，识别，识别，身份，身份，不可识别的
ideology 思想	ideological, ideologically, ideologies 意识形态，意识形态，意识形态
ignorant 无知	ignorance, ignore, ignored, ignores, ignoring 忽略，忽略，忽略，忽略，忽略
illustrate 示出	illustrated, illustrates, illustrating, illustration, illustrations, illustrative 说明，说明
image 图像	imagery, images 图像，图像
immigrate 移民	immigrant, immigrants, immigrated, immigrates, immigrating, immigration 移民，移民
impact 影响	impacted, impacting, impacts 影响，影响，影响
implement 实施	implementation, implemented, implementing, implements 执行，执行
implicate 牵连	implicated, implicates, implicating, implication, implications 暗示，暗示
implicit 隐式	implicitly 隐式
imply 意味	implied, implies, implying 暗示，暗示，暗示
impose 征收	imposed, imposes, imposing, imposition 强加的，强加的，强加的，强加的
incentive 激励	incentives 激励
incidence 发生率	incident, incidentally, incidents 偶然，偶然，偶然
incline 倾斜	inclination, inclinations, inclined, inclines, inclining 倾斜，倾斜
income 收入	incomes 收入
incorporate 纳入	incorporated, incorporates, incorporating, incorporation 合并，合并
index 指数	indexed, indexes, indexing 索引，索引，索引
indicate 指示	indicated, indicates, indicating, indication, indications, indicative, indicator, indicators 指示，指示，指示符，指示符
individual 个人	individualized, individuality, individualism, individualist, individualists, individualistic, individually, individuals individualized，individualism，individualist，individualists，individualist，individualist，individualists，individuals，individuals
induce 诱导	induced, induces, inducing, induction 诱导，诱导
inevitable 必然	inevitability, inevitably 不可避免，不可避免
infer 推断	inference, inferences, inferred, inferring, infers 推理，推论，推断
infrastructure 基础设施	infrastructures 基础设施
inherent 固有	inherently 固有
inhibit 抑制	inhibited, inhibiting, inhibition, inhibitions, inhibits 抑制，抑制
initial 初始	initially 最初
initiate 发起	initiated, initiates, initiating, initiation, initiations, initiative, initiatives, initiator, initiators initiated，initiates，initiation，initiatives
injure 伤害	injured, injures, injuries, injuring, injury, uninjured 受伤的，未受伤的
innovate 创新	innovation, innovated, innovates, innovating, innovations, innovative, innovator, innovators 创新，创新者，创新者
input 输入	inputs 输入
insert 插入	inserted, inserting, insertion, inserts 插入，插入
insight 洞察力	insightful, insights 洞察力，洞察力
inspect 检查	inspected, inspecting, inspection, inspections, inspector, inspectors, inspects 检查，检查，检查
instance 例如	instances 实例
institute 研究所	instituted, institutes, instituting, institution, institutional, institutionalize, institutionalized, institutionalizes, institutionalizing, institutionally, institutions instituted，institutes，instituting，institutional
instruct 指示	instruction, instructed, instructing, instructions, instructive, instructor, instructors, instructs 指示，指示，指导，指示，指导，指导者，指导者，指导
integral 积分
integrate 整合	integrated, integrates, integrating, integration 整合，整合
integrity 完整性
intelligent 智能	intelligence, intelligently, unintelligent 聪明，聪明，不聪明
intense 激烈	intensely, intenseness, intensification, intensified, intensifies, intensify, intensifying, intension, intensity, intensive, intensively 强烈的，强烈的
interact 交互	interacted, interacting, interaction, interactions, interactive, interactively, interacts 交互式的，交互式的
intermediate 中间
internal 内部	internalize, internalized, internalizes, internalizing, internally internalized，internalized
interpret 解释	interpretation, interpretations, interpretative, interpreted, interpreting, interpretive, interprets, misinterpret, misinterpretation, misinterpretations, misinterpreted, misinterpreting, misinterprets, reinterpret, reinterpreted, reinterprets, reinterpreting, reinterpretation, reinterpretations 解释，误解，重新解释，重新
interval 间隔	intervals 间隔
intervene 干预	intervened, intervenes, intervening, intervention, interventions 干预，干预
intrinsic 内在	intrinsically 本质
invest 投资	invested, investing, investment, investments, investor, investors, invests, reinvest, reinvested, reinvesting, reinvestment, reinvests invested，investing，investment，investments，investors，invests，reinvest，reinvested，reinvestment
investigate 探讨	investigated, investigates, investigating, investigation, investigations, investigative, investigator, investigators 调查，调查
invoke 调用	invoked, invokes, invoking 调用，调用，调用
involve 涉及	involved, involvement, involves, involving, uninvolved 涉及，不涉及
isolate 隔离	isolated, isolates, isolating, isolation, isolationism 孤立的，孤立主义
issue 问题	issued, issues, issuing 发行，发行，发行
item 项目	itemization, itemize, itemized, itemizes, itemizing, items 详细说明，项目
job 工作	jobs 工作
journal 杂志	journals 期刊
justify 证明	justifiable, justifiably, justification, justifications, justified, justifies, justifying, unjustified 正当的，不正当的
label 标签	labelled, labelling, labels 标签，标签，标签
labour 劳工	laboured, labouring, labours 劳动，劳动，劳动
layer 层	layered, layering, layers 分层，分层，层
lecture 讲座	lectured, lecturer, lecturers, lectures, lecturing 演讲者，演讲者，演讲，演讲
legal 法律的	illegal, illegality, illegally, legality, legally 非法的，合法的，合法的
legislate 立法	legislated, legislates, legislating, legislation, legislative, legislator, legislators, legislature 立法，立法者，立法者，立法
levy 征收	levies 征费
liberal 自由	liberalize, liberalism, liberalization, liberalized, liberalizes, liberalizing, liberalization, liberate, liberated, liberates, liberation, liberations, liberating, liberator, liberators, liberally, liberals liberalize，liberalism，liberalization，liberalized，liberalizes，liberalizing，liberalization，liberalize，liberallies，liber
licence 牌照	licences, license, licensed, licensing, licenses, unlicensed licenses，license，licensed，licensing，licenses，unlicensed
likewise 同样
link 链路	linkage, linkages, linked, linking, links 链接，链接
locate 定位	located, locating, location, locations, relocate, relocated, relocates, relocating, relocation located，locating，location，locations，relocate，relocated，relocate，relocation，relocate
logic 逻辑	illogical, illogically, logical, logically, logician, logicians 不合逻辑的，不合逻辑的，逻辑学家，逻辑学家
maintain 保持	maintained, maintaining, maintains, maintenance 维护，维护
major 主要	majorities, majority 多数，多数
manipulate 操纵	manipulated, manipulates, manipulating, manipulation, manipulations, manipulative 操纵，操纵
manual 手动	manually, manuals 手动，手册
margin 保证金	marginal, marginally, margins 边际，边际，边际
mature 成熟	immature, immaturity, maturation, maturational, matured, matures, maturing, maturity 不成熟的，不成熟的，成熟的
maximize 最大	max, maximized, maximizes, maximizing, maximization, maximum 最大化，最大化
mechanism 机制	mechanisms 机制
media 媒体
mediate 介导	mediated, mediates, mediating, mediation 调解，调解
medical 医疗	medically 医学上
medium 介质
mental 心理	mentality, mentally 精神上，精神上
method 方法	methodical, methodological, methodologies, methodology, methods 方法论的，方法论的，方法论的
migrate 迁移	migrant, migrants, migrated, migrates, migrating, migration, migrations, migratory migrant，migrants，migrant
military 军事
minimal 最小	minimalisation, minimalise, minimalises, minimalised, minimalising, minimalist, minimalists, minimalistic, minimally minimalisation，minimalises，minimalises，minimalised，minimalising，minimalist，minimalists，minimalists
minimize 尽量减少	minimized, minimizes, minimizing 最小化，最小化，最小化
minimum 最小
ministry 部	ministered, ministering, ministerial, ministries ministering，ministering，ministering，ministering，ministers
minor 轻微	minorities, minority, minors minorities，minorities，minorities
mode 模式	modes 模式
modify 修改	modification, modifications, modified, modifies, modifying, unmodified 修改，未修改
monitor 监测	monitored, monitoring, monitors, unmonitored 监视，未监视
motive 动机	motivate, motivated, motivates, motivating, motivation, motivations, motives, unmotivated 激励，动机，无动机
mutual 相互	mutually 相互
negate 否定	negative, negated, negates, negating, negatively, negatives 否定，否定
network 网络	networked, networking, networks 网络，网络，网络
neutral 中性	neutralization, neutralize, neutralized, neutralizes, neutralizing, neutrality 中和，中和
nevertheless 然而
nonetheless 尽管如此
norm 规范	norms 规范
normal 正常	abnormal, abnormally, normalization, normalize, normalized, normalizes, normalizing, normality, normally normalized，normalizes，normalized，normalization，normalized
notion 概念	notions 概念
notwithstanding 尽管
nuclear 核
objective 目的	objectively, objectivity 客观，客观
obtain 获得	obtainable, obtained, obtaining, obtains, unobtainable 可获得的，无法获得的
obvious 明显	obviously 显然
occupy 占据	occupancy, occupant, occupants, occupation,occupational, occupations, occupied, occupier, occupiers, occupies, occupying 占用，占用者，占用者，占领，职业，占领，占领者，占领者，占领，占领
occur 发生	occurred, occurrence, occurrences, occurring, occurs, reoccur, reoccurred, reoccurring, reoccurs 发生的，发生的，再发生的，再发生的
odd 奇怪	odds 赔率
offset 偏移	offsets, offsetting 偏移，偏移
ongoing 正在进行
option 选项	optional, options 可选，选项
orient 东方	orientate, orientated, orientates, orientation, orientating, oriented, orienting, orients, reorient, reorientation 定向，重新定向
outcome 结果	outcomes 成果
output 输出	outputs 输出
overall 整体
overlap 重叠	overlapped, overlapping, overlaps 重叠，重叠，重叠
overseas 海外
panel 面板	paneled, paneling, panels 镶板，镶板，面板
paradigm 范式	paradigms 范式
paragraph 段	paragraphing, paragraphs 分段，段落
parallel 平行	paralleled, parallels, unparalleled 平行的，平行的，无与伦比的
parameter 参数	parameters 参数
participate 参与	participant, participants, participated, participates, participating, participation, participatory 参与者，参与者
partner 伙伴	partners, partnership, partnerships 合作伙伴，伙伴关系，伙伴关系
passive 被动	passively, passivity 被动，被动
perceive 感知	perceived, perceives, perceiving, perception, perceptions 感知，感知
percent 百分	percentage, percentages 百分比，百分比
period 期间	periodic, periodical, periodically, periodicals, periods 定期的，周期性的，周期性的
persist 坚持	persisted, persistence, persistent, persistently, persisting, persists persistent，persistent
perspective 透视	perspectives 观点
phase 相位	phased, phases, phasing 阶段，阶段，阶段
phenomenon 现象	phenomena, phenomenal 现象，现象
philosophy 哲学	philosopher, philosophers, philosophical, philosophically, philosophies, philosophize, philosophized, philosophizes, philosophizing philosopher，philosophers，philosophical，philosophically，philosophies，philosophize，philosophized，philosophizes，philosophizing
physical 物理	physically 物理
plus 加上	pluses 优缺点
policy 政策	policies 政策
portion 部分	portions 部分
pose 构成	posed, poses, posing 摆姿势摆姿势摆姿势
positive 积极	positively 积极
potential 潜在	potentially 潜在
practitioner 从业者	practitioners 从业者
precede 先于	preceded, precedence, precedent, precedes, preceding, unprecedented preceding，previously
precise 精确	imprecise, precisely, precision 不精确的，不精确的，精确的
predict 诏书	predictability, predictable, predictably, predicted, predicting, prediction, predictions, predicts, unpredictability, unpredictable 可预测性，可预测的，可预测的，不可预测的，不可预测的
predominant 主要	predominance, predominantly, predominate, predominated, predominates, predominating predominant，predominant，predominated，predominates，predominating
preliminary 初步	preliminaries 预赛
presume 假定	presumably, presumed, presumes, presuming, presumption, presumptions, presumptuous presumably，presumably
previous 先前	previously 先前
primary 初级	primarily 主要
prime	primacy 首要地位
principal 主要	principally 主要
principle 原则	principled, principles, unprincipled 有原则的，原则的，无原则的
prior 之前
priority 优先权	priorities, prioritization, prioritize, prioritized, prioritizes, prioritizing 优先，优先
proceed 进行	procedural, procedure, procedures, proceeded, proceeding, proceedings, proceeds 程序性的，程序性的，程序性的
process 过程	processed, processes, processing 加工，处理，加工
professional 专业	professionally, professionals, professionalism 专业，专业，专业
prohibit 禁止	prohibited, prohibiting, prohibition, prohibitions, prohibitive, prohibits 禁止的，禁止的
project 项目	projected, projecting, projection, projections, projects 预测，预测
promote 促进	promoted, promoter, promoters, promotes, promoting, promotion, promotions 晋升，晋升
proportion 比例	disproportion, disproportionate, disproportionately, proportional, proportionally, proportionate, proportionately, proportions 不成比例的，不相称的，不成比例的，不相称的，不相称的
prospect 前景	prospective, prospects 前景，展望
protocol 议定书	protocols 协议
psychology 心理学	psychological, psychologically, psychologist, psychologists 心理学，心理学，心理学家，心理学家
publication 出版物	publications 出版物
publish 发布	published, publisher, publishers, publishes, publishing, unpublished published，publisher，publishers，published，published，未出版
purchase 购买	purchased, purchaser, purchasers, purchases, purchasing 购买，购买者，购买，购买
pursue 追求	pursued, pursues, pursuing, pursuit, pursuits 追求，追求
qualitative 定性	qualitatively 定性
quote 引用	quotation, quotations, quoted, quotes, quoting 报价，报价
radical 激进	radically, radicals 激进分子
random 随机	randomly, randomness 随机，随机
range 范围	ranged, ranges, ranging 范围，范围，范围
ratio 比	ratios 比率
rational 理性	irrational, rationalization, rationalizations, rationalize, rationalized, rationalizes, rationalizing, rationalism, rationality, rationally 合理化，合理化，
react 反应	reacted, reacts, reacting, reaction, reactionaries, reactionary, reactions, reactive, reactivate, reactivation, reactor, reactors 反应，再活化，再活化，反应器，反应器
recover 恢复	recoverable, recovered, recovering, recovers, recovery 可恢复的，可恢复的
refine 细化	refined, refinement, refinements, refines, refining 精炼，精炼
regime 政权	regimes 制度
region 区域	regional, regionally, regions regional，regional，区域的，区域的
register 寄存器	deregister, deregistered, deregistering, deregisters, deregistration, registered, registering, registers, registration 撤销登记，撤销注册，撤销登记，撤销注册，注册
regulate 调节	deregulated, deregulates, deregulating, deregulation, regulated, regulates, regulating, regulation, regulations, regulator, regulators, regulatory, unregulated 解除管制，管制，管制者，管制者，管制，不管制
reinforce 加强	reinforced, reinforcement, reinforcements, reinforces, reinforcing 加强的，增强的
reject 拒绝	rejected, rejecting, rejection, rejects, rejections 拒绝，拒绝
relax 放松	relaxation, relaxed, relaxes, relaxing 放松，放松
release 释放	released, releases, releasing 释放，释放，释放
relevant 相关	irrelevance, irrelevant, relevance 不相关，不相关，相关
reluctance 磁阻	reluctant, reluctantly 勉强的，勉强的
rely 依赖	reliability, reliable, reliably, reliance, reliant, relied, relies, relying, unreliable reliability，reliable
remove 去除	removable, removal, removals, removed, removes, removing removable，removal，removals，removable，removable，removable，removable
require 需要	required, requirement, requirements, requires, requiring 需要的，要求
research 研究	researched, researcher, researchers, researches, researching 研究，研究
reside 驻留	resided, residence, resident, residential, residents, resides, residing 居住的，居住的
resolve 解决	resolution, resolved, resolves, resolving, unresolved resolution，resolved，resolved，resolving，resolved，未解决的
resource 资源	resourced, resourceful, resources, resourcing, unresourceful, under-resourced resourced，resourceful，resources，resourcing，unresourceful，under-resourced
respond 回应	responded, respondent, respondents, responding, responds, response, responses, responsive, responsiveness, unresponsive responsible，responsible
restore 恢复	restoration, restored, restores, restoring 恢复，恢复
restrain 抑制	restrained, restraining, restrains, restraint, restraints, unrestrained 克制的，不受约束的
restrict 限制	restricted, restricting, restriction, restrictions, restrictive, restrictively, restricts, unrestricted, unrestrictive 限制性的，不受限制的，不受限制的
retain 保留	retained, retaining, retainer, retainers, retains, retention, retentive 保留的，保留的
reveal 揭示	revealed, revealing, reveals, revelation, revelations 启示，启示
revenue 收入	revenues 收入
reverse 反向	reversal, reversed, reverses, reversible, reversing, reversals, irreversible 逆转，可逆，逆转，逆转，不可逆
revise 修订	revised, revises, revising, revision, revisions 修订，修订
revolution 革命	revolutionary, revolutionaries, revolutionize, revolutionized, revolutionizes, revolutionizing, revolutionist, revolutionists, revolutions revolutionary，revolutionaries，revolutionized，revolutionized，revolutionizes，revolutionizing，revolutionist，revolutionists，revolutionary
rigid 刚性	rigidities, rigidity, rigidly 刚性，僵硬，僵硬
role 作用	roles 角色
route 路线	routed, routes, routing 路由，路由，路由
scenario 场景	scenarios 场景
schedule 附表	reschedule, rescheduled, reschedules, rescheduling, scheduled, schedules, scheduling, unscheduled 重新安排，已安排，计划，计划，未计划
scheme 方案	schematic, schematically, schemed, schemes, scheming schematic，schematic，schemes，scheming
scope 范围
section 部分	sectioned, sectioning, sections 切片，切片，切片
sector 部门	sectors 部门
secure 安全	insecure, insecurities, insecurity, secured, securely, secures, securing, securities, security 不安全的，安全的，安全的
seek 寻求	seeking, seeks, sought 寻找，寻找，寻找
select 选择	selected, selecting, selection, selections, selective, selectively, selector, selectors, selects selected，selecting，selection，selections，selective，selector，selectors，selects
sequence 序列	sequenced, sequences, sequencing, sequential, sequentially 排序的，顺序的
series 系列
sex 性	sexes, sexism, sexual, sexuality, sexually sexes，sexism，sexual，sexuality，sexually
shift 移位	shifted, shifting, shifts 移动，移动，移动
significant 显著	insignificant, insignificantly, significance, significantly, signified, signifies, signify, signifying 不重要的，有意义的
similar 类似	dissimilar, similarities, similarity, similarly 相似，相似
simulate 模拟	simulated, simulates, simulating, simulation 模拟，模拟
site 网站	sites 网站
so-called 所谓
sole 鞋底	solely 仅
somewhat 有些
source 源	sourced, sources, sourcing 来源，来源，来源
specific 具体	specifically, specification, specifications, specificity, specifics specifically，specifications
specify 指定	specifiable, specified, specifies, specifying, unspecified 可指定的，未指定的
sphere 球体	spheres, spherical, spherically 球体，球形的，球形地
stable 稳定	instability, stabilization, stabilize, stabilized, stabilizes, stabilizing, stability, unstable 不稳定，稳定，不稳定
statistic 统计	statistician, statisticians, statistical, statistically, statistics 统计学家，统计学家，统计学
status 地位
straightforward 直截了当
strategy 战略	strategic, strategies, strategically, strategist, strategists 战略，战略，战略家，战略家
stress 应力	stressed, stresses, stressful, stressing, unstressed 强调，不强调
structure 结构	restructure, restructured, restructures, restructuring, structural, structurally, structured, structures, structuring, unstructured 结构化，结构化，非结构化
style 风格	styled, styles, styling, stylish, stylize, stylized, stylizes, stylizing 风格化，样式，造型，时尚，风格化
submit 提交	submission, submissions, submits, submitted, submitting 提交，提交
subordinate 下属	subordinates, subordination 从属关系
subsequent 后续	subsequently 随后
subsidy 补贴	subsidiary, subsidies, subsidize, subsidized, subsidizes, subsidizing 补贴，补贴
substitute 替代	substituted, substitutes, substituting, substitution 替代品，替代品，替代品
successor 继任者	succession, successions, successive, successively, successors 继承，继承
sufficient 足够	sufficiency, insufficient, insufficiently, sufficiently 充分，不充分，不充分
sum 总和	summation, summed, summing, sums 求和，求和
summary 总结	summaries, summarize, summarized, summarizes, summarizing, summarization, summarizations 总结，总结
supplement 补充	supplementary, supplemented, supplementing, supplements 补充的，补充的，补充的
survey 测量	surveyed, surveying, surveys 测量，测量，测量
survive 生存	survival, survived, survives, surviving, survivor, survivors 生存，幸存者，幸存者
suspend 暂停	suspended, suspending, suspends, suspension 暂停、暂停
sustain 维持	sustainable, sustainability, sustained, sustaining, sustains, sustenance, unsustainable sustainable，sustainable
symbol 符号	symbolic, symbolically, symbolize, symbolizes, symbolized, symbolizing, symbolism, symbols 象征性的，象征性的
tape 磁带	taped, tapes, taping 录音，录音，录音
target 目标	targeted, targeting, targets 目标，目标，目标
task	tasks 任务
team 团队	teamed, teaming, teams 团队，团队，团队
technical 技术	technically 技术上
technique 技术	techniques 技术
technology 技术	technological, technologically 技术上的，技术上的
temporary 临时	temporarily 暂时
tense 紧张	tension, tensely, tenser, tensest, tensions 紧张，紧张
terminate 终止	terminal, terminals, terminated, terminates, terminating, termination, terminations 终端，终端，终止
text 文本	texts, textual 文本
theme 主题	themes, thematic, thematically 主题，主题，主题
theory 历史	theoretical, theoretically, theories, theorist, theorists 理论的，理论的，理论家，理论家
thereby 从而
thesis 论文	theses 论文
topic 多峰	topical, topics topic，主题
trace 微量	traceable, traced, traces, tracing 可追踪的，可追踪的
tradition 传统	non-traditional, traditional, traditionalist, traditionally, traditions 非传统的，传统的，传统的
transfer 转移	transferable, transference, transferred, transferring, transfers transferred，transference，transferred，transferred，transferred，transferred
transform 变换	transformation, transformations, transformed, transforming, transforms transformation，transformations，transformed，transforming，transforms
transit 过境	transited, transiting, transition, transitional, transitions, transitory, transits transitiated，transitional，transition，transitional
transmit 发送	transmission, transmissions, transmitted, transmitting, transmits 传输，传输
transport 运输	transportation, transported, transporter, transporters, transporting, transports 运输，运输，运输机，运输机，运输，运输
trend 趋势	trends 趋势
trigger 触发	triggered, triggering, triggers 触发，触发，触发
ultimate 终极	ultimately 最终
undergo 经历	undergoes, undergoing, undergone, underwent 经历，经历
underlie 温代列	underlay, underlies, underlying 基础，基础，基础
undertake 承担	undertaken, undertakes, undertaking, undertook 承担，承担
uniform 均匀	uniformity, uniformly 一致性，一致性
unify 统一	unification, unified, unifies, unifying 统一，统一
unique 独特	uniquely, uniqueness 独特的，独特的
utilize 利用	utilisation, utilised, utilises, utilising, utiliser, utilisers, utility, utilities 利用，利用者，利用者，效用，效用
valid 有效	invalidate, invalidity, validate, validated, validating, validation, validity, validly 无效，无效，有效
vary 变化	invariable, invariably, variability, variable, variables, variably, variance, variant, variants, variation, variations, varied, varies, varying 不变的，不变的，可变的，可变的，变化
vehicle 车辆	vehicles 车辆
version 锡永	versions 版本
via 经由
violate 违反	violated, violates, violating, violation, violations 违反，违反
virtual 虚拟	virtually 几乎
visible 可见	visibility, visibly, invisible, invisibility visibility，visibly，invisible，invisibility
vision 愿景	visions 愿景
visual 视觉	visualize, visualizes, visualized, visualizing, visualization, visually 视觉化，形象化，形象化
volume 体积	volumes, vol. 卷
voluntary 自愿	voluntarily, volunteer, volunteering, volunteered, volunteers 志愿者，志愿者
welfare 福利
whereas 而
whereby 由此
widespread 广泛