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Academic word list
学术词汇表

Academic Word List Coxhead (2000). The most frequent word in each family is in italics. There are 570 headwords and about 3000 words altogether. For more information see The Academic Word List. For more practice see: Schmitt & Schmitt (2005), or the Compleat Lexical Tutor.
50集9.4 The Dog(2000)每个家族中最常见的单词是斜体字。全书共有词目570个,约3000字。欲了解更多信息,请参阅学术词汇表。更多的练习参见:施密特&施密特(2005),或完整的词汇辅导

If you have an iPhone and want to practise these words, you could try: Flashcards Deluxe. Install the application, then search in the shared library for "Academic Word List".
如果你有一个iPhone,想练习这些单词,你可以试试:豪华抽认卡。安装应用程序,然后在共享库中搜索“学术词汇表”。

*Definitions linked to: Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (Used with permission)
* 定义链接到:剑桥高级学习词典(经许可使用)

Headwords
词目

Other words in the family.
家里的其他话。

Definition*
定义 *

abandon
放弃

abandoned, abandoning, abandonment, abandons, e.g.
被抛弃的,例如

abandon
放弃

abstract
摘要

abstraction, abstractions, abstractly, abstracts, e.g.
抽象,抽象,抽象地,抽象,例如

abstract
摘要

academy
学院

academia, academic, academically, academics, academies, e.g.
academic,学术上,academically,学术界,学院,例如。

academy
学院

access
接入

accessed, accesses, accessibility, accessible, accessing, inaccessible
accessible,accessibility,accessible

access
访问S

accommodate
容纳

accommodated, accommodates, accommodating, accommodation
适应,适应

accommodate
容纳

accompany

accompanied, accompanies, accompaniment, accompanying, unaccompanied
陪伴,无陪伴

accompany

accumulate
积累

accumulated, accumulating, accumulation, accumulates
积累积累

accumulate
积累

accurate
准确

accuracy, accurately, inaccuracy, inaccuracies, inaccurate
准确,准确,不准确

accurate
准确

achieve
实现

achievable, achieved, achievement, achievements, achieves, achieving
achievable,achievable

achieve
实现

acknowledge
承认

acknowledged, acknowledges, acknowledging, acknowledgement, acknowledgements
承认,承认

acknowledge
承认

acquire
获取

acquired, acquires, acquiring, acquisition, acquisitions
收购收购

acquire
获取

adapt
适应

adaptability, adaptable, adaptation, adaptations, adapted, adapting, adaptive, adapts
adaptationadaptation

adapt
适应

adequate
足够

adequacy, adequately, inadequacies, inadequacy, inadequate, inadequately
适当的,适当的,不适当的,不充分的,不适当的

adequate
足够

adjacent
相邻

 

adjacent
相邻

adjust
调整

adjusted, adjusting, adjustment, adjustments, adjusts, readjust, readjusted, readjusting, readjustment, readjustments, readjusts
adjusted,adjusting,adjustment,adjustments,adjusts,adjust

adjust
调整

administrate
行政

administrates, administration, administrations, administrative, administratively, administrator, administrators
administrates,administration,administrations,administrative,administratively,administrator,administrators

administrate
行政

adult
成人

adulthood, adults
成年人,adults

adult
成人

advocate
倡导

advocacy, advocated, advocates, advocating
提倡,提倡

advocate
倡导

affect
影响

affected, affecting, affective, affectively, affects, unaffected
affected,affecting,affective,affectly,affects,unaffected

affect
影响

aggregate
骨料

aggregated, aggregates, aggregating, aggregation
聚集,聚集

aggregate
骨料

aid
援助

aided, aiding, aids, unaided
援助,援助,艾滋病,无援助

aid
援助

albeit
尽管

 

albeit
尽管

allocate
分配

allocated, allocates, allocating, allocation, allocations
分配分配

allocate
分配

alter
改变

alterable, alteration, alterations, altered, altering, alternate, alternating, alters, unalterable, unaltered
可改变的,不可改变的,不可改变的

alter
改变

alternative
替代

alternatively, alternatives
或者,替代方案

alternative
替代

ambiguous
模棱两可

ambiguities, ambiguity, unambiguous, unambiguously
模棱两可,模棱两可,毫不含糊,毫不含糊

ambiguous
模棱两可

amend
修订

amended, amending, amendment, amendments, amends
修正修正

amend
修订

analogy
类比

analogies, analogous
类比

analogy
类比

analyse
分析

analysed, analyser, analysers, analyses, analysing, analysis, analyst, analysts, analytic, analytical, analytically
分析,分析

analyse
分析

annual
年度

annually
每年

annual
年度

anticipate
预期

anticipated, anticipates, anticipating, anticipation, unanticipated
predicted,predicting,predicting,predicting,unpredicted

anticipate
预期

apparent
显而易见

apparently
显然

apparent
显而易见

append

appendix, appended, appends, appending, appendices, appendixes
appendix,appendix

append

appreciate
欣赏

appreciable, appreciably, appreciated, appreciates, appreciating, appreciation, unappreciated
appreciate,appreciably,appreciated,appreciateunappreciated

appreciate
欣赏

approach
方法

approachable, approached, approaches, approaching, unapproachable
可接近的,不可接近的

approach
方法

appropriate
适当

appropriacy, appropriately, appropriateness, inappropriacy, inappropriate, inappropriately
适当的,适当的,不适当的,不适当的

appropriate
适当

approximate
近似

approximated, approximately, approximates, approximating, approximation, approximations
近似的,近似的

approximate
近似

arbitrary
任意

arbitrariness, arbitrarily
任意的,武断的

arbitrary
任意

area
区域

areas
地区

area
区域

aspect
方面

aspects
方面

aspect
方面

assemble
组装

assembled, assembles, assemblies, assembling, assembly
组装,装配

assemble
组装

assess
评估

assessable, assessed, assesses, assessing, assessment, assessments, reassess, reassessed, reassessing, reassessment, unassessed
可评估的、评估、重新评估的、未评估的

assess
评估

assign
分配

assigned, assigning, assignment, assignments, assigns, reassign, reassigned, reassigning, reassigns, unassigned
已分配,重新分配,未分配

assign
分配

assist
协助

assistance, assistant, assistants, assisted, assisting, assists, unassisted
协助,无协助

assist
协助

assume
假设

assumed, assumes, assuming, assumption, assumptions
假设,假设,假设,假设

assume
假设

assure
保证

assurance, assurances, assured, assuredly, assures, assuring
保证,保证,保证,保证,保证

assure
保证

attach
附着

attached, attaches, attaching, attachment, attachments, unattached
attached,attached,attaching,attachment,attachments,unattached

attach
附着

attain
实现

attainable, attained, attaining, attainment, attainments, attains, unattainable
reachablereachable

attain
实现

attitude
态度

attitudes
态度

attitude
态度

attribute
属性

attributable, attributed, attributes, attributing, attribution
归因归因

attribute
属性

author
作者

authored, authoring, authors, authorship
作者,作者,作者

author
作者

authority
权威

authoritative, authorities
权威的,权威的

authority
权威

automate
自动化

automatic, automated, automates, automating, automatically, automation
自动的,自动化

automate
自动化

available
可用

availability, unavailable
可用性,不可用

available
可用

aware
意识

awareness, unaware
意识,不知道

aware
意识

behalf
代表

 

behalf
代表

benefit
受益

beneficial, beneficiary, beneficiaries, benefited, benefiting, benefits
受益人,受益人,受益人

benefit
受益

bias
偏置

biased, biases, biasing, unbiased
有偏见的,无偏见的

bias
偏置

bond
债券

bonded, bonding, bonds
粘合,粘合,粘合

bond
债券

brief
简要

brevity, briefed, briefing, briefly, briefs
简短,简要

brief
简要

bulk
散装

bulky
笨重

bulk
散装

capable
能够

capabilities, capability, incapable
能力,能力,能力

capable
能够

capacity
能力

capacities, incapacitate, incapacitated
capacities,capacitate,capacitated

capacity
能力

category
类别

categories, categorisation, categorise, categorised, categorises, categorising, categorizing
分类,分类

category
类别

cease
停止

ceased, ceaseless, ceases, ceasing
停止,停止,停止

cease
停止

challenge
挑战

challenged, challenger, challengers, challenges, challenging
挑战者,挑战者,挑战,挑战

challenge
挑战

channel
信道

channelled, channelling, channels
channeled,channeling,channels

channel
信道

chapter

chapters

chapter

chart
图表

charted, charting, charts, uncharted
Charted,charting,charts,uncharted

chart
图表

chemical
化学

chemically, chemicals
化学,化学

chemical
化学

circumstance
情况

circumstances
情况

circumstance
情况

cite
引用

citation, citations, cited, citing, cites
引用引用

cite
引用

civil
民间

 

civil
民间

clarify
澄清

clarification, clarified, clarifies, clarifying, clarity
澄清,澄清

clarify
澄清

classic
经典

classical, classics
古典的,古典的

classic
经典

clause
条款

clauses
条款

clause
条款

code
代码

coded, codes, coding
编码,编码,编码

code
代码

coherent
相干

coherence, coherently, incoherent, incoherently
coherently,coherently,inconcoherently

coherent
相干

coincide
重合

coincided, coincides, coinciding, coincidence, coincidences, coincident, coincidental
巧合,巧合

coincide
重合

collapse
崩溃

collapsed, collapses, collapsible, collapsing
倒塌,倒塌

collapse
崩溃

colleague
同事

colleagues
同事

colleague
同事

commence
开始

commenced, commences, commencement, commencing, recommences, recommenced, recommencing
开始,重新开始

commence
开始

comment
评论

commentaries, commentary, commentator, commentators, commented, commenting, comments
评论,评论,评论员,评论

comment
评论

commission
委员会

commissioned, commissioner, commissioners, commissioning, commissions
委托,专员,专员,委托,佣金

commission
委员会

commit
承诺

commitment, commitments, commits, committed, committing
承诺,承诺,承诺,承诺,承诺

commit
承诺

commodity
商品

commodities
商品

commodity
商品

communicate
通信

communicable, communicated, communicates, communicating, communication, communications, communicative, communicatively, uncommunicative
communicate,communicated,communicates,communicating,communication,communication,communicating,communicating,communicating,communicating,uncommunicating

communicate
通信

community
社区

communities
社区

community
社区

compatible
兼容

compatibility, incompatibility, incompatible
兼容性,不兼容性,不兼容

compatible
兼容

compensate
补偿

compensated, compensates, compensating, compensation, compensations, compensatory
补偿的,补偿

compensate
补偿

compile
编译

compilation, compilations, compiled, compiles, compiling
编译编译

compile
编译

complement
补充

complementary, complemented, complementing, complements
互补的,补充的,补充的

complement
补充

complex
复杂

complexities, complexity
复杂,复杂

complex
复杂

component
组件

componentry, components
组件

component
组件

compound
化合物

compounded, compounding, compounds
复合的,复合的,复合物

compound
化合物

comprehensive
全面

comprehensively
全面

comprehensive
全面

comprise
包括

comprised, comprises, comprising
包括,包括,包括

comprise
包括

compute
计算

computation, computational, computations, computable, computer, computed, computerised, computers, computing
计算,可计算的,计算机,计算,计算机化,计算机,计算

compute
计算

conceive
怀孕

conceivable, conceivably, conceived, conceives, conceiving, inconceivable, inconceivably
considerably,considerably,considerably,inconsiderably,inconsiderably,inconsiderably

conceive
怀孕

concentrate
浓缩物

concentrated, concentrates, concentrating, concentration
浓缩,浓缩

concentrate
浓缩物

concept
概念

conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualisation, conceptualise, conceptualised, conceptualises, conceptualising, conceptually
concept,concepts,conceptualises,conceptualises,conceptualising,conceptualising,conceptually

concept
概念

conclude
缔结

concluded, concludes, concluding, conclusion, conclusions, conclusive, conclusively, inconclusive, inconclusively
结论,结论性,决定性的,非决定性的

conclude
缔结

concurrent
并发

concurrently
同时

concurrent
并发

conduct
进行

conducted, conducting, conducts
进行,进行,进行

conduct
进行

confer
赋予

conference, conferences, conferred, conferring, confers
会议,会议,授予

confer
赋予

confine
限制

confined, confines, confining, unconfined
受限制的,不受限制的

confine
限制

confirm
确认

confirmation, confirmed, confirming, confirms
确认确认

confirm
确认

conflict
冲突

conflicted, conflicting, conflicts
冲突,冲突,冲突

conflict
冲突

conform
符合

conformable, conformability, conformance, conformation, conformed, conforming, conformist, conformists, conformity, conforms, nonconformist, nonconformists, nonconformity, non-conformist, non-conformists, non-conformity
conformable,conformability,conformity,conformable,conformist,conformists,conformity,conforms,non-conformist,non-conformists,non-conformity,non-conformists,non-conformists,non-conformity

conform
符合

consent
同意

consensus, consented, consenting, consents
consensus,consensus

consent
同意

consequent
随之

consequence, consequences, consequently
后果,后果,后果

consequent
随之

considerable
相当大

considerably
大大

considerable
相当大

consist
组成

consisted, consistency, consistent, consistently, consisting, consists, inconsistencies, inconsistency, inconsistent
组成,一致性,一致,一致,组成,组成,不一致

consist
组成

constant
恒定

constancy, constantly, constants, inconstancy, inconstantly
constancy,constantly,constantly,inconstantly,inconstantly

constant
恒定

constitute
构成

constituencies, constituency, constituent, constituents, constituted, constitutes, constituting, constitution, constitutions, constitutional, constitutionally, constitutive, unconstitutional
constitutional,unconstitutional,constitutional,constit

constitute
构成

constrain
约束

constrained, constraining, constrains, constraint, constraints, unconstrained
约束,约束,无约束

constrain
约束

construct
构建体

constructed, constructing, construction, constructions, constructive, constructs, reconstruct, reconstructed, reconstructing, reconstruction, reconstructs
constructedreconstructed

construct
构建体

consult
咨询

consultancy, consultant, consultants, consultation, consultations, consultative, consulted, consults, consulting
consultant,consultants,consultancy,consultations,consultants,consultations,consultative,consultants,consultations,consultative,consultant,consultants,consultant,consultations,consultative,consultant,consultants,consultant,consultants,consultation

consult
咨询

consume
消耗

consumed, consumer, consumers, consumes, consuming, consumption
消费者,消费者

consume
消耗

contact
接触

contactable, contacted, contacting, contacts
可联系的,联系的,联系的,联系人

contact
接触

contemporary
当代

contemporaries
同时代

contemporary
当代

context
上下文

contexts, contextual, contextualise, contextualised, contextualising, uncontextualised
contextual,contextualise,contextualised,contextualising,uncontextualised

context
上下文

contract
合同

contracted, contracting, contractor, contractors, contracts
承包商,合同

contract
合同

contradict
矛盾

contradicted, contradicting, contradiction, contradictions, contradictory, contradicts
矛盾的,矛盾的

contradict
矛盾

contrary
相反

contrarily
相反

contrary
相反

contrast
对比

contrasted, contrasting, contrastive, contrasts
对比,对比

contrast
对比

contribute
贡献

contributed, contributes, contributing, contribution, contributions, contributor, contributors
贡献者,贡献者

contribute
贡献

controversy
争议

controversies, controversial, controversially, uncontroversial
争议,有争议的,有争议的,无争议的

controversy
争议

convene
召开

convention, convenes, convened, convening, conventional, conventionally, conventions, unconventional
conventional,conventional

convene
召开

converse
匡威

conversely
相反

converse
匡威

convert
转换

conversion, conversions, converted, convertible, converting, converts
转换,可转换,转换,转换

convert
转换

convince
说服

convinced, convinces, convincing, convincingly, unconvinced
convinced,convinced,convincing,convincingly,unconvinced

convince
说服

cooperate
合作

cooperated, cooperates, cooperating, cooperation, cooperative, cooperatively, co-operate, co-operated, co-operates, co-operation, co-operative, co-operatively
cooperated,cooperatingcooperative

cooperate
合作

coordinate
坐标

coordinated, coordinates, coordinating, coordination, coordinator, coordinators, co-ordinate, co-ordinated, co-ordinates, co-ordinating, co-ordination, co-ordinator, co-ordinators
协调的协调的

coordinate
坐标

core
核心

cores, coring, cored
岩心,取芯,有芯的

core
核心

corporate
企业

corporates, corporation, corporations
公司,公司,公司

corporate
企业

correspond
对应

corresponded, correspondence, corresponding, correspondingly, corresponds
对应的,对应的,对应的

correspond
对应

couple

coupled, coupling, couples
耦合,耦合,耦合

couple

create
创建

created, creates, creating, creation, creations, creative, creatively, creativity, creator, creators, recreate, recreated, recreates, recreating
创造的,创造性的,创造者,创造者,重新创造

create
创建

credit
信用

credited, crediting, creditor, creditors, credits
贷记,贷方,债权人,债权人,贷项

credit
信用

criteria
标准

criterion
标准

criteria
标准

crucial
关键

crucially
至关

crucial
关键

culture
文化

cultural, culturally, cultured, cultures, uncultured
文化的,非文化的

culture
文化

currency
货币

currencies
货币

currency
货币

cycle
周期

cycled, cycles, cyclic, cyclical, cycling
循环的,循环的,循环的,循环的

cycle
周期

data
数据

 

data
数据

debate
辩论

debatable, debated, debates, debating
辩论,辩论,辩论

debate
辩论

decade
十年

decades
几十年

decade
十年

decline
下降

declined, declines, declining
下降,下降,下降

decline
下降

deduce
推断

deduced, deduces, deducing, deduction, deductions
演绎演绎

deduce
推断

define
定义

definable, defined, defines, defining, definition, definitions, redefine, redefined, redefines, redefining, undefined
definable,defined,defines,definingdefinition,definitions,definition

define
定义

definite
明确

definitely, definitive, indefinite, indefinitely
明确的,不确定的,不确定的

definite
明确

demonstrate
证明

demonstrable, demonstrably, demonstrated, demonstrates, demonstrating, demonstration, demonstrations, demonstrative, demonstratively, demonstrator, demonstrators
可证明的,可证明的

demonstrate
证明

denote
表示

denotation, denotations, denoted, denotes, denoting
表示,表示

denote
表示

deny
否认

deniable, denial, denials, denied, denies, denying, undeniable
否认,否认

deny
否认

depress
压低

depressed, depresses, depressing, depression
沮丧,沮丧

depress
压低

derive
导出

derivation, derivations, derivative, derivatives, derived, derives, deriving
推导,推导,推导

derive
导出

design
设计

designed, designer, designers, designing, designs
设计,设计师,设计师,设计,设计

design
设计

despite
尽管

 

despite
尽管

detect
检测

detectable, detected, detecting, detection, detective, detectives, detector, detectors, detects
可检测的,可检测的

detect
检测

deviate
偏离

deviated, deviates, deviating, deviation, deviations
偏离偏离

deviate
偏离

device
装置

devices
设备

device
装置

devote
投入

devoted, devotedly, devotes, devoting, devotion, devotions
奉献,奉献

devote
投入

differentiate
区分

differentiated, differentiates, differentiating, differentiation
分化,分化

differentiate
区分

dimension
尺寸

dimensional, dimensions, multidimensional
多维

dimension
尺寸

diminish
减少

diminished, diminishes, diminishing, diminution, undiminished
减少的,不减少的

diminish
减少

discrete
离散

discretely, discretion, discretionary, indiscrete, indiscretion
discrete,discretion,discretion,discretion,discretion

discrete
离散

discriminate
歧视

discriminated, discriminates, discriminating, discrimination
歧视,歧视,歧视

discriminate
歧视

displace
取代

displaced, displacement, displaces, displacing
位移位移

displace
取代

display
显示

displayed, displaying, displays
显示,显示,显示

display
显示

dispose
处置

disposable, disposal, disposed, disposes, disposing
disposabledisposable

dispose
处置

distinct
不同

distinction, distinctions, distinctive, distinctively, distinctly, indistinct, indistinctly
区别,区别,独特的,独特的,明显的,明显的,模糊的,模糊的

distinct
不同

distort
扭曲

distorted, distorting, distortion, distortions, distorts
扭曲的,扭曲的,扭曲的,扭曲的

distort
扭曲

distribute
分发

distributed, distributing, distribution, distributional, distributions, distributive, distributor, distributors, redistribute, redistributed, redistributes, redistributing, redistribution
distributed,distributor,distributors,redistributor

distribute
分发

diverse
多样化

diversely, diversification, diversified, diversifies, diversify, diversifying, diversity
多样化,多样化

diverse
多样化

document
文件

documentation, documented, documenting, documents
文档,记录,文档,文档

document
文件

domain

domains

domain

domestic
国内

domestically, domesticate, domesticated, domesticating, domestics
驯化的,驯化的

domestic
国内

dominate
主导

dominance, dominant, dominated, dominates, dominating, domination
支配支配

dominate
主导

draft
草案

drafted, drafting, drafts, redraft, redrafted, redrafting, redrafts
起草,起草,草稿,重新起草

draft
草案

drama
戏剧

dramas, dramatic, dramatically, dramatise, dramatised, dramatising, dramatises, dramatisation, dramatisations, dramatist, dramatists, dramatization, dramatizations, dramatizing
dramatic,dramatized,dramatizing,dramatization

drama
戏剧

duration
持续时间

 

duration
持续时间

dynamic
动态

dynamically, dynamics
动力学,动力学

dynamic
动态

economy
经济

economic, economical, economically, economics, economies, economist, economists, uneconomical
经济的,经济的,经济的,经济学的,经济学家,经济学家,经济学家,不经济的

economy
经济

edit
编辑

edited, editing, edition, editions, editor, editorial, editorials, editors, edits
edited,editing,edition,editions,editor,editorial,editorials,editors,editions,编辑,编辑

edit
编辑

element
元件

elements
元件

element
元件

eliminate
消除

eliminated, eliminates, eliminating, elimination
消除,消除

eliminate
消除

emerge
出现

emerged, emergence, emergent, emerges, emerging
出现,出现,涌现

emerge
出现

emphasis
重点

emphasise, emphasised, emphasising, emphatic, emphatically
强调,强调

emphasis
重点

empirical
实证

empirically, empiricism
经验主义

empirical
实证

enable
使

enabled, enables, enabling
启用,启用,启用

enable
使

encounter
遇到

encountered, encountering, encounters
遭遇,遭遇,遭遇

encounter
遇到

energy
能源

energetic, energetically, energies
精力充沛,精力充沛,精力充沛

energy
能源

enforce
执行

enforced, enforcement, enforces, enforcing
强制执行,强制执行,强制执行

enforce
执行

enhance
增强

enhanced, enhancement, enhances, enhancing
增强,增强

enhance
增强

enormous
巨大

enormity, enormously
巨大的,

enormous
巨大

ensure
确保

ensured, ensures, ensuring
确保,确保,确保

ensure
确保

entity
实体

entities
实体

entity
实体

environment
环境

environmental, environmentalist, environmentalists, environmentally, environments
环境,环境保护主义者,环境,环境

environment
环境

equate
等同

equated, equates, equating, equation, equations
equated,equates,equating,equation,equations

equate
等同

equip
装备

equipment, equipped, equipping, equips
装备,装备,装备

equip
装备

equivalent
等效

equivalence
等价

equivalent
等效

erode
侵蚀

eroded, erodes, eroding, erosion
侵蚀,侵蚀

erode
侵蚀

error
误差

erroneous, erroneously, errors
错误的,错误的,错误的

error
误差

establish
建立

disestablish, disestablished, disestablishes, disestablishing, disestablishment, established, establishes, establishing, establishment, establishments
disestablished,disestablished,disestablishing,disestablishment,established,established,establishing,establishment,establishment,establishments

establish
建立

estate
地产

estates

estate
地产

estimate
估计

estimated, estimates, estimating, estimation, estimations, over-estimate, overestimate, overestimated, overestimates, overestimating, underestimate, underestimated, underestimates, underestimating
估计,估计,高估,低估,低估

estimate
估计

ethic
伦理

ethical, ethically, ethics, unethical
道德的,道德上的,道德的,不道德的

ethic
伦理

ethnic
民族

ethnicity
族裔

ethnic
民族

evaluate
评价

evaluated, evaluates, evaluating, evaluation, evaluations, evaluative, re-evaluate, re-evaluated, re-evaluates, re-evaluating, re-evaluation
evaluated,evaluates,evaluation,evaluative,re-evaluate,re-evaluated,re-evaluate

evaluate
评价

eventual
最终

eventuality, eventually
最终

eventual
最终

evident
明显

evidenced, evidence, evidential, evidently
evidence,evidence,evidence,evidence,evidence

evident
明显

evolve
进化

evolution, evolved, evolving, evolves, evolutionary, evolutionist, evolutionists
evolution,evolved,evolving,evolved

evolve
进化

exceed
超过

exceeded, exceeding, exceeds
超越,超越,超越

exceed
超过

exclude
排除

excluded, excludes, excluding, exclusion, exclusionary, exclusionist, exclusions, exclusive, exclusively
排除,排除

exclude
排除

exhibit
表现出

exhibited, exhibiting, exhibition, exhibitions, exhibits
展览,展览

exhibit
表现出

expand
扩大

expanded, expanding, expands, expansion, expansionism, expansive
膨胀膨胀主义,膨胀

expand
扩大

expert
专家

expertise, expertly, experts
专家,专家,专家

expert
专家

explicit
显式

explicitly
明确

explicit
显式

exploit
利用

exploitation, exploited, exploiting, exploits
剥削,剥削

exploit
利用

export
出口

exported, exporter, exporters, exporting, exports
出口,出口商,出口商,出口,出口

export
出口

expose
暴露

exposed, exposes, exposing, exposure, exposures
暴露,暴露,暴露,暴露

expose
暴露

external
外部

externalisation, externalise, externalised, externalises, externalising, externality
externalisation,externalises,externalising,externality

external
外部

extract
提取物

extracted, extracting, extraction, extracts
提取,提取物

extract
提取物

facilitate
促进

facilitated, facilitates, facilities, facilitating, facilitation, facilitator, facilitators, facility
便利的,促进的,促进者,促进者,设施

facilitate
促进

factor
因子

factored, factoring, factors
因子分解,因数

factor
因子

feature
特征

featured, features, featuring
特色,特色,特色

feature
特征

federal
联邦

federation, federations
联邦,联邦

federal
联邦

fee

fees

fee

file
文件

filed, files, filing
归档,归档,归档

file
文件

final
最终

finalise, finalised, finalises, finalising, finality, finally, finals
finalise,finalises,finalising,finality,finalises

final
最终

finance
金融

financed, finances, financial, financially, financier, financiers, financing
金融家,金融

finance
金融

finite
有限

infinite, infinitely
无限的,无限的

finite
有限

flexible
柔性

flexibility, inflexible, inflexibility
灵活

flexible
柔性

fluctuate
波动

fluctuated, fluctuates, fluctuating, fluctuation, fluctuations
波动,波动

fluctuate
波动

focus
重点

focused, focuses, focusing, refocus, refocused, refocuses, refocusing
focused,focused

focus
重点

format
格式

formatted, formatting, formats
格式化,格式化,格式

format
格式

formula

formulae, formulas, formulate, formulated, formulating, formulation, formulations, reformulate, reformulated, reformulating, reformulation, reformulations
公式,公式,公式

formula

forthcoming
即将

 

forthcoming
即将

found
发现

founded, founder, founders, founding, unfounded
founded,founder,founding

found
发现

foundation
基础

foundations
基础

foundation
基础

framework
框架

frameworks
框架

framework
框架

function
功能

functional, functionally, functioned, functioning, functions
功能性的,功能性的

function
功能

fund
基金

funded, funder, funders, funding, funds
资金,资金,资金

fund
基金

fundamental
基本

fundamentally
根本上

fundamental
基本

furthermore
此外

 

furthermore
此外

gender
性别

genders
性别

gender
性别

generate
生成

generated, generates, generating
生成,生成,生成

generate
生成

generation
一代

generations

generation
一代

globe
地球仪

global, globally, globalisation, globalization
全球化,全球化,全球化

globe
地球仪

goal
目标

goals
目标

goal
目标

grade

graded, grades, grading
分级,分级,分级

grade

grant
格兰特

granted, granting, grants
授予,授予,赠款

grant
格兰特

guarantee
保证

guaranteed, guaranteeing, guarantees
担保,保证,保证

guarantee
保证

guideline
准则

guidelines
准则

guideline
准则

hence
因此

 

hence
因此

hierarchy
层次结构

hierarchical, hierarchies
等级,层次

hierarchy
层次结构

highlight
突出

highlighted, highlighting, highlights
高亮,高亮,高亮

highlight
突出

hypothesis
假设

hypotheses, hypothesise, hypothesised, hypothesises, hypothesising, hypothetical, hypothetically
假设,假设

hypothesis
假设

identical
相同

identically
相同

identical
相同

identify
识别

identifiable, identification, identified, identifies, identifying, identities, identity, unidentifiable
可识别的,识别,识别,识别,身份,身份,不可识别的

identify
识别

ideology
思想

ideological, ideologically, ideologies
意识形态,意识形态,意识形态

ideology
思想

ignorant
无知

ignorance, ignore, ignored, ignores, ignoring
忽略,忽略,忽略,忽略,忽略

ignorant
无知

illustrate
示出

illustrated, illustrates, illustrating, illustration, illustrations, illustrative
说明,说明

illustrate
示出

image
图像

imagery, images
图像,图像

image
图像

immigrate
移民

immigrant, immigrants, immigrated, immigrates, immigrating, immigration
移民,移民

immigrate
移民

impact
影响

impacted, impacting, impacts
影响,影响,影响

impact
影响

implement
实施

implementation, implemented, implementing, implements
执行,执行

implement
实施

implicate
牵连

implicated, implicates, implicating, implication, implications
暗示,暗示

implicate
牵连

implicit
隐式

implicitly
隐式

implicit
隐式

imply
意味

implied, implies, implying
暗示,暗示,暗示

imply
意味

impose
征收

imposed, imposes, imposing, imposition
强加的,强加的,强加的,强加的

impose
征收

incentive
激励

incentives
激励

incentive
激励

incidence
发生率

incident, incidentally, incidents
偶然偶然,偶然

incidence
发生率

incline
倾斜

inclination, inclinations,inclined, inclines, inclining
倾斜,倾斜

incline
倾斜

income
收入

incomes
收入

income
收入

incorporate
纳入

incorporated, incorporates, incorporating, incorporation
合并,合并

incorporate
纳入

index
指数

indexed, indexes, indexing
索引,索引,索引

index
指数

indicate
指示

indicated, indicates, indicating, indication, indications, indicative, indicator, indicators
指示,指示,指示符,指示符

indicate
指示

individual
个人

individualised, individuality, individualism, individualist, individualists, individualistic, individually, individuals
individualised,individuality,individualism,individualist,individualists,individualists,individualised,individualism,individualism,individualist,individualists,individualists,individualists,individualised,individuals

individual
个人

induce
诱导

induced, induces, inducing, induction
诱导,诱导

induce
诱导

inevitable
必然

inevitability, inevitably
不可避免,不可避免

inevitable
必然

infer
推断

inference, inferences, inferred, inferring, infers
推理,推论,推断

infer
推断

infrastructure
基础设施

infrastructures
基础设施

infrastructure
基础设施

inherent
固有

inherently
固有

inherent
固有

inhibit
抑制

inhibited, inhibiting, inhibition, inhibitions, inhibits
抑制抑制

inhibit
抑制

initial
初始

initially
最初

initial
初始

initiate
发起

initiated, initiates, initiating, initiation, initiations, initiative, initiatives, initiator, initiators
initiated,initiates,initiation,initiatives

initiate
发起

injure
伤害

injured, injures, injuries, injuring, injury, uninjured
受伤的,未受伤的

injure
伤害

innovate
创新

innovation, innovated, innovates, innovating, innovations, innovative, innovator, innovators
创新,创新者,创新者

innovate
创新

input
输入

inputs
输入

input
输入

insert
插入

inserted, inserting, insertion, inserts
插入,插入

insert
插入

insight
洞察力

insightful, insights
洞察力,洞察力

insight
洞察力

inspect
检查

inspected, inspecting, inspection, inspections, inspector, inspectors, inspects
检查,检查,检查

inspect
检查

instance
例如

instances
实例

instance
例如

institute
研究所

instituted, institutes, instituting, institution, institutional, institutionalise, institutionalised, institutionalises, institutionalising, institutionally, institutions
instituted,institutes,instituting,institutional

institute
研究所

instruct
指示

instruction, instructed, instructing, instructions, instructive, instructor, instructors, instructs
指示,指示,指导,指示,指导,指导者,指导者,指导

instruct
指示

integral
积分

 

integral
积分

integrate
整合

integrated, integrates, integrating, integration
整合,整合

integrate
整合

integrity
完整性

 

integrity
完整性

intelligent
智能

intelligence, intelligently, unintelligent
聪明,聪明,不聪明

intelligent
智能

intense
激烈

intensely, intenseness, intensification, intensified, intensifies, intensify, intensifying, intension, intensity, intensive, intensively
强烈的,强烈的

intense
激烈

interact
交互

interacted, interacting, interaction, interactions, interactive, interactively, interacts
交互式的,交互式的

interact
交互

intermediate
中间

 

intermediate
中间

internal
内部

internalise, internalised, internalises, internalising, internally
internalises,internalises,internalising,internalising,internalising,internally

internal
内部

interpret
解释

interpretation, interpretations, interpretative, interpreted, interpreting, interpretive, interprets, misinterpret, misinterpretation, misinterpretations, misinterpreted, misinterpreting, misinterprets, reinterpret, reinterpreted, reinterprets, reinterpreting, reinterpretation, reinterpretations
解释,误解,重新解释,重新

interpret
解释

interval
间隔

intervals
间隔

interval
间隔

intervene
干预

intervened, intervenes, intervening, intervention, interventions
干预干预

intervene
干预

intrinsic
内在

intrinsically
本质

intrinsic
内在

invest
投资

invested, investing, investment, investments, investor, investors, invests, reinvest, reinvested, reinvesting, reinvestment, reinvests
invested,investing,investment,investments,investors,invests,reinvest,reinvested,reinvestment

invest
投资

investigate
探讨

investigated, investigates, investigating, investigation, investigations, investigative, investigator, investigators
调查调查

investigate
探讨

invoke
调用

invoked, invokes, invoking
调用,调用,调用

invoke
调用

involve
涉及

involved, involvement, involves, involving, uninvolved
涉及,不涉及

involve
涉及

isolate
隔离

isolated, isolates, isolating, isolation, isolationism
孤立的,孤立主义

isolate
隔离

issue
问题

issued, issues, issuing
发行,发行,发行

issue
问题

item
项目

itemisation, itemise, itemised, itemises, itemising, items
itemisation,itemise,itemised,itemises,itemising,items

item
项目

job
工作

jobs
工作

job
工作

journal
杂志

journals
期刊

journal
杂志

justify
证明

justifiable, justifiably, justification, justifications, justified, justifies, justifying, unjustified
正当的,不正当的

justify
证明

label
标签

labelled, labelling, labels
标签,标签,标签

label
标签

labour
劳工

laboured, labouring, labours
劳动,劳动,劳动

labour
劳工

layer

layered, layering, layers
分层,分层,层

layer

lecture
讲座

lectured, lecturer, lecturers, lectures, lecturing
演讲者,演讲者,演讲,演讲

lecture
讲座

legal
法律的

illegal, illegality, illegally, legality, legally
非法的,合法的,合法的

legal
法律的

legislate
立法

legislated, legislates, legislating, legislation, legislative, legislator, legislators, legislature
立法,立法,立法者,立法

legislate
立法

levy
征收

levies
征费

levy
征收

liberal
自由

liberalise, liberalism, liberalisation, liberalised, liberalises, liberalising, liberalization, liberate, liberated, liberates, liberation, liberations, liberating, liberator, liberators, liberally, liberals
liberaliseliberalism,liberalisation,liberalised,liberalises,liberalising,liberalization,liberalism,liberalism,liberalised,li

liberal
自由

licence
牌照

licences, license, licensed, licensing, licenses, unlicensed
licenses,license,licensed,licensing,licenses,unlicensed

licence
牌照

likewise
同样

 

likewise
同样

link
链路

linkage, linkages, linked, linking, links
链接,链接

link
链路

locate
定位

located, locating, location, locations, relocate, relocated, relocates, relocating, relocation
located,locating,location,locations,relocate,relocated,relocate,relocation,relocate

locate
定位

logic
逻辑

illogical, illogically, logical, logically, logician, logicians
不合逻辑的,不合逻辑的,逻辑学家,逻辑学家

logic
逻辑

maintain
保持

maintained, maintaining, maintains, maintenance
维护,维护

maintain
保持

major
主要

majorities, majority
多数,多数

major
主要

manipulate
操纵

manipulated, manipulates, manipulating, manipulation, manipulations, manipulative
操纵操纵

manipulate
操纵

manual
手动

manually, manuals
手动,手册

manual
手动

margin
保证金

marginal, marginally, margins
边际,边际,边际

margin
保证金

mature
成熟

immature, immaturity, maturation, maturational, matured, matures, maturing, maturity
不成熟的,不成熟的,成熟的

mature
成熟

maximise
最大

max, maximised, maximises, maximising, maximisation, maximum
最大化,最大

maximise
最大

mechanism
机制

mechanisms
机制

mechanism
机制

media
媒体

 

media
媒体

mediate
介导

mediated, mediates, mediating, mediation
调解,调解

mediate
介导

medical
医疗

medically
医学上

medical
医疗

medium
介质

 

medium
介质

mental
心理

mentality, mentally
精神上,精神上

mental
心理

method
方法

methodical, methodological, methodologies, methodology, methods
方法论的,方法论的,方法论的

method
方法

migrate
迁移

migrant, migrants, migrated, migrates, migrating, migration, migrations, migratory
migrant,migrantsmigrant

migrate
迁移

military
军事

 

military
军事

minimal
最小

minimalisation, minimalise, minimalises, minimalised, minimalising, minimalist, minimalists, minimalistic, minimally
minimalisation,minimalises,minimalises,minimalised,minimalising,minimalist,minimalists,minimalists

minimal
最小

minimise
尽量减少

minimised, minimises, minimising
最小化,最小化,最小化

minimise
尽量减少

minimum
最小

 

minimum
最小

ministry

ministered, ministering, ministerial, ministries
ministering,ministering,ministering,ministering,ministers

ministry

minor
轻微

minorities, minority, minors
minorities,minorities,minorities

minor
轻微

mode
模式

modes
模式

mode
模式

modify
修改

modification, modifications, modified, modifies, modifying, unmodified
修改修改

modify
修改

monitor
监测

monitored, monitoring, monitors, unmonitored
监视,未监视

monitor
监测

motive
动机

motivate, motivated, motivates, motivating, motivation, motivations, motives, unmotivated
激励,动机,无动机

motive
动机

mutual
相互

mutually
相互

mutual
相互

negate
否定

negative, negated, negates, negating, negatively, negatives
否定,否定

negate
否定

network
网络

networked, networking, networks
网络,网络,网络

network
网络

neutral
中性

neutralisation, neutralise, neutralised, neutralises, neutralising, neutrality
中和,中和

neutral
中性

nevertheless
然而

 

nevertheless
然而

nonetheless
尽管如此

 

nonetheless
尽管如此

norm
规范

norms
规范

norm
规范

normal
正常

abnormal, abnormally, normalisation, normalise, normalised, normalises, normalising, normality, normally
normalisation,normalising,normalisation

normal
正常

notion
概念

notions
概念

notion
概念

notwithstanding
尽管

 

notwithstanding
尽管

nuclear

 

nuclear

objective
目的

objectively, objectivity
客观,客观

objective
目的

obtain
获得

obtainable, obtained, obtaining, obtains, unobtainable
可获得的,无法获得的

obtain
获得

obvious
明显

obviously
显然

obvious
明显

occupy
占据

occupancy, occupant, occupants, occupation,occupational, occupations, occupied, occupier, occupiers, occupies, occupying
占用,占用者,占用者,占领,职业,占领,占领者,占领者,占领,占领

occupy
占据

occur
发生

occurred, occurrence, occurrences, occurring, occurs, reoccur, reoccurred, reoccurring, reoccurs
发生的,发生的,再发生的,再发生的

occur
发生

odd
奇怪

odds
赔率

odd
奇怪

offset
偏移

offsets, offsetting
偏移,偏移

offset
偏移

ongoing
正在进行

 

ongoing
正在进行

option
选项

optional, options
可选,选项

option
选项

orient
东方

orientate, orientated, orientates, orientation, orientating, oriented, orienting, orients, reorient, reorientation
定向,重新定向

orient
东方

outcome
结果

outcomes
成果

outcome
结果

output
输出

outputs
输出

output
输出

overall
整体

 

overall
整体

overlap
重叠

overlapped, overlapping, overlaps
重叠,重叠,重叠

overlap
重叠

overseas
海外

 

overseas
海外

panel
面板

panelled, panelling, panels
嵌板的,嵌板,嵌板

panel
面板

paradigm
范式

paradigms
范式

paradigm
范式

paragraph

paragraphing, paragraphs
分段,段落

paragraph

parallel
平行

paralleled, parallels, unparalleled
平行的,平行的,无与伦比的

parallel
平行

parameter
参数

parameters
参数

parameter
参数

participate
参与

participant, participants, participated, participates, participating, participation, participatory
参与者,参与者

participate
参与

partner
伙伴

partners, partnership, partnerships
合作伙伴,伙伴关系,伙伴关系

partner
伙伴

passive
被动

passively, passivity
被动,被动

passive
被动

perceive
感知

perceived, perceives, perceiving, perception, perceptions
感知,感知

perceive
感知

percent
百分

percentage, percentages
百分比,百分比

percent
百分

period
期间

periodic, periodical, periodically, periodicals, periods
定期的,周期性的,周期性的

period
期间

persist
坚持

persisted, persistence, persistent, persistently, persisting, persists
persistent,persistent

persist
坚持

perspective
透视

perspectives
观点

perspective
透视

phase

phased, phases, phasing
阶段,阶段,阶段

phase

phenomenon
现象

phenomena, phenomenal
现象,现象

phenomenon
现象

philosophy
哲学

philosopher, philosophers, philosophical, philosophically, philosophies, philosophise, philosophised, philosophises, philosophising
philosopher,philosophers,philosophical,philosophically,philosophies,philosophy,philosophical,philosophy,philosophilosophy,

philosophy
哲学

physical
物理

physically
物理

physical
物理

plus
加上

pluses
优缺点

plus
加上

policy
政策

policies
政策

policy
政策

portion
部分

portions
部分

portion
部分

pose
构成

posed, poses, posing
姿势摆姿势摆姿势

pose
构成

positive
积极

positively
积极

positive
积极

potential
潜在

potentially
潜在

potential
潜在

practitioner
从业者

practitioners
从业者

practitioner
从业者

precede
先于

preceded, precedence, precedent, precedes, preceding, unprecedented
preceding,previously

precede
先于

precise
精确

imprecise, precisely, precision
不精确的,不精确的,精确的

precise
精确

predict
预测

predictability, predictable, predictably, predicted, predicting, prediction, predictions, predicts, unpredictability, unpredictable
可预测性,可预测的,可预测的,不可预测的,不可预测的

predict
预测

predominant
主要

predominance, predominantly, predominate, predominated, predominates, predominating
predominant,predominant,predominated,predominates,predominating

predominant
主要

preliminary
初步

preliminaries
预赛

preliminary
初步

presume
假定

presumably, presumed, presumes, presuming, presumption, presumptions, presumptuous
presumably,presumably

presume
假定

previous
先前

previously
先前

previous
先前

primary
初级

primarily
主要

primary
初级

prime

primacy
首要地位

prime

principal
主要

principally
主要

principal
主要

principle
原则

principled, principles, unprincipled
有原则的,原则的,无原则的

principle
原则

prior
之前

 

prior
之前

priority
优先

priorities, prioritisation, prioritise, prioritised, prioritises, prioritising
优先,优先

priority
优先

proceed
进行

procedural, procedure, procedures, proceeded, proceeding, proceedings, proceeds
程序性的,程序性的,程序性的

proceed
进行

process
过程

processed, processes, processing
加工,处理,加工

process
过程

professional
专业

professionally, professionals, professionalism
专业,专业,专业

professional
专业

prohibit
禁止

prohibited, prohibiting, prohibition, prohibitions, prohibitive, prohibits
禁止的,禁止的

prohibit
禁止

project
项目

projected, projecting, projection, projections, projects
预测,预测

project
项目

promote
促进

promoted, promoter, promoters, promotes, promoting, promotion, promotions
晋升,晋升

promote
促进

proportion
比例

disproportion, disproportionate, disproportionately, proportional, proportionally, proportionate, proportionately, proportions
不成比例的,不相称的,不成比例的,不相称的,不相称的

proportion
比例

prospect
前景

prospective, prospects
前景,展望

prospect
前景

protocol
议定书

protocols
协议

protocol
议定书

psychology
心理学

psychological, psychologically, psychologist, psychologists
心理学,心理学,心理学家,心理学家

psychology
心理学

publication
出版物

publications
出版物

publication
出版物

publish
发布

published, publisher, publishers, publishes, publishing, unpublished
published,publisher,publishers,published,published,未出版

publish
发布

purchase
购买

purchased, purchaser, purchasers, purchases, purchasing
购买,购买者,购买,购买

purchase
购买

pursue
追求

pursued, pursues, pursuing, pursuit, pursuits
追求,追求

pursue
追求

qualitative
定性

qualitatively
定性

qualitative
定性

quote
引用

quotation, quotations, quoted, quotes, quoting
报价,报价

quote
引用

radical
激进

radically, radicals
激进分子

radical
激进

random
随机

randomly, randomness
随机,随机

random
随机

range
范围

ranged, ranges, ranging
范围,范围,范围

range
范围

ratio

ratios
比率

ratio

rational
理性

irrational, rationalisation, rationalisations, rationalise, rationalised, rationalises, rationalising, rationalism, rationality, rationally
合理化,合理化,

rational
理性

react
反应

reacted, reacts, reacting, reaction, reactionaries, reactionary, reactions, reactive, reactivate, reactivation, reactor, reactors
反应,再活化,再活化,反应器,反应器

react
反应

recover
恢复

recoverable, recovered, recovering, recovers, recovery
可恢复的,可恢复的

recover
恢复

refine
细化

refined, refinement, refinements, refines, refining
精炼,精炼

refine
细化

regime
政权

regimes
制度

regime
政权

region
区域

regional, regionally, regions
regional,regional,区域的,区域的

region
区域

register
寄存器

deregister, deregistered, deregistering, deregisters, deregistration, registered, registering, registers, registration
撤销登记,撤销注册,撤销登记,撤销注册注册

register
寄存器

regulate
调节

deregulated, deregulates, deregulating, deregulation, regulated, regulates, regulating, regulation,regulations, regulator, regulators, regulatory, unregulated
解除管制,管制,管制者,管制者,管制,不管制

regulate
调节

reinforce
加强

reinforced, reinforcement, reinforcements, reinforces, reinforcing
加强的,增强的

reinforce
加强

reject
拒绝

rejected, rejecting, rejection, rejects, rejections
拒绝,拒绝

reject
拒绝

relax
放松

relaxation, relaxed, relaxes, relaxing
放松,放松

relax
放松

release
释放

released, releases, releasing
释放,释放,释放

release
释放

relevant
相关

irrelevance, irrelevant, relevance
不相关,不相关,相关

relevant
相关

reluctance
磁阻

reluctant, reluctantly
勉强的,勉强的

reluctance
磁阻

rely
依赖

reliability, reliable, reliably, reliance, reliant, relied, relies, relying, unreliable
reliability,reliable

rely
依赖

remove
去除

removable, removal, removals, removed, removes, removing
removable,removal,removals,removable,removable,removable,removable

remove
去除

require
需要

required, requirement, requirements, requires, requiring
需要的,要求

require
需要

research
研究

researched, researcher, researchers, researches, researching
研究,研究

research
研究

reside
驻留

resided, residence, resident, residential, residents, resides, residing
居住的,居住的

reside
驻留

resolve
解决

resolution, resolved, resolves, resolving, unresolved
resolution,resolved,resolved,resolving,resolved,未解决的

resolve
解决

resource
资源

resourced, resourceful, resources, resourcing, unresourceful, under-resourced
resourced,resourceful,resources,resourcing,unresourceful,under-resourced

resource
资源

respond
回应

responded, respondent, respondents, responding, responds, response, responses, responsive, responsiveness, unresponsive
responsible,responsible

respond
回应

restore
恢复

restoration, restored, restores, restoring
恢复,恢复

restore
恢复

restrain
抑制

restrained, restraining, restrains, restraint, restraints, unrestrained
克制的,不受约束的

restrain
抑制

restrict
限制

restricted, restricting, restriction, restrictions, restrictive, restrictively, restricts, unrestricted, unrestrictive
限制性的,不受限制的,不受限制的

restrict
限制

retain
保留

retained, retaining, retainer, retainers, retains, retention, retentive
保留的,保留的

retain
保留

reveal
揭示

revealed, revealing, reveals, revelation, revelations
启示,启示

reveal
揭示

revenue
收入

revenues
收入

revenue
收入

reverse
反向

reversal, reversed, reverses, reversible, reversing, reversals, irreversible
逆转,可逆,逆转,逆转,不可逆

reverse
反向

revise
修订

revised, revises, revising, revision, revisions
修订修订

revise
修订

revolution
革命

revolutionary, revolutionaries, revolutionise, revolutionised, revolutionises, revolutionising, revolutionist, revolutionists, revolutions
revolutionary,revolutionary

revolution
革命

rigid
刚性

rigidities, rigidity, rigidly
刚性,僵硬,僵硬

rigid
刚性

role
作用

roles
角色

role
作用

route
路线

routed, routes, routing
路由,路由,路由

route
路线

scenario
场景

scenarios
场景

scenario
场景

schedule
附表

reschedule, rescheduled, reschedules, rescheduling, scheduled, schedules, scheduling, unscheduled
重新安排,已安排,计划,计划,未计划

schedule
附表

scheme
方案

schematic, schematically, schemed, schemes, scheming
schematic,schematic,schemes,scheming

scheme
方案

scope
范围

 

scope
范围

section
部分

sectioned, sectioning, sections
切片,切片,切片

section
部分

sector
部门

sectors
部门

sector
部门

secure
安全

insecure, insecurities, insecurity, secured, securely, secures, securing, securities, security
不安全的,安全的,安全的

secure
安全

seek
寻求

seeking, seeks, sought
寻找,寻找,寻找

seek
寻求

select
选择

selected, selecting, selection, selections, selective, selectively, selector, selectors, selects
selected,selecting,selection,selections,selective,selector,selectors,selects

select
选择

sequence
序列

sequenced, sequences, sequencing, sequential, sequentially
排序的,顺序的

sequence
序列

series
系列

 

series
系列

sex

sexes, sexism, sexual, sexuality, sexually
sexes,sexism,sexual,sexuality,sexually

sex

shift
移位

shifted, shifting, shifts
移动,移动,移动

shift
移位

significant
显著

insignificant, insignificantly, significance, significantly, signified, signifies, signify, signifying
不重要的,不重要的,重要的,有意义的

significant
显著

similar
类似

dissimilar, similarities, similarity, similarly
相似,相似

similar
类似

simulate
模拟

simulated, simulates, simulating, simulation
模拟,模拟

simulate
模拟

site
网站

sites
网站

site
网站

so-called
所谓

 

so-called
所谓

sole
鞋底

solely

sole
鞋底

somewhat
有些

 

somewhat
有些

source

sourced, sources, sourcing
来源,来源,来源

source

specific
具体

specifically, specification, specifications, specificity, specifics
specifically,specifications

specific
具体

specify
指定

specifiable, specified, specifies, specifying, unspecified
指定的,未指定的

specify
指定

sphere
球体

spheres, spherical, spherically
球体,球形的,球形地

sphere
球体

stable
稳定

instability, stabilisation, stabilise, stabilised, stabilises, stabilising, stability, unstable
不稳定不稳定

stable
稳定

statistic
统计

statistician, statisticians, statistical, statistically, statistics
统计学家,统计学家,统计学

statistic
统计

status
地位

 

status
地位

straightforward
直截了当

 

straightforward
直截了当

strategy
战略

strategic, strategies, strategically, strategist, strategists
战略,战略,战略家,战略家

strategy
战略

stress
应力

stressed, stresses, stressful, stressing, unstressed
强调,不强调

stress
应力

structure
结构

restructure, restructured, restructures, restructuring, structural, structurally, structured, structures, structuring, unstructured
结构化,结构化,非结构化

structure
结构

style
风格

styled, styles, styling, stylish, stylise, stylised, stylises, stylising
风格化,风格,造型,时尚,风格化

style
风格

submit
提交

submission, submissions, submits, submitted, submitting
提交提交

submit
提交

subordinate
下属

subordinates, subordination
从属关系

subordinate
下属

subsequent
后续

subsequently
随后

subsequent
后续

subsidy
补贴

subsidiary, subsidies, subsidise, subsidised, subsidises, subsidising
补贴,补贴,补助

subsidy
补贴

substitute
替代

substituted, substitutes, substituting, substitution
替代品,替代品,替代品

substitute
替代

successor
继任者

succession, successions, successive, successively, successors
继承,继承

successor
继任者

sufficient
足够

sufficiency, insufficient, insufficiently, sufficiently
充分,不充分,不充分

sufficient
足够

sum
总和

summation, summed, summing, sums
求和,求和

sum
总和

summary
总结

summaries, summarise, summarised, summarises, summarising, summarisation, summarisations
summarises,summaries,summarising,summarisation,summarisations

summary
总结

supplement
补充

supplementary, supplemented, supplementing, supplements
补充的,补充的,补充的

supplement
补充

survey
调查

surveyed, surveying, surveys
测量,测量,测量

survey
调查

survive
生存

survival, survived, survives, surviving, survivor, survivors
生存,幸存者,幸存者

survive
生存

suspend
暂停

suspended, suspending, suspends, suspension
暂停、暂停

suspend
暂停

sustain
维持

sustainable, sustainability, sustained, sustaining, sustains, sustenance, unsustainable
sustainable,sustainable

sustain
维持

symbol
符号

symbolic, symbolically, symbolise, symbolises, symbolised, symbolising, symbolism, symbols
象征性的,象征性的

symbol
符号

tape
磁带

taped, tapes, taping
录音,录音,录音

tape
磁带

target
目标

targeted, targeting, targets
目标,目标,目标

target
目标

task
任务

tasks
任务

task
任务

team
团队

teamed, teaming, teams
团队,团队,团队

team
团队

technical
技术

technically
技术上

technical
技术

technique
技术

techniques
技术

technique
技术

technology
技术

technological, technologically
技术上的,技术上的

technology
技术

temporary
临时

temporarily
暂时

temporary
临时

tense
紧张

tension, tensely, tenser, tensest, tensions
紧张,紧张

tense
紧张

terminate
终止

terminal, terminals, terminated, terminates, terminating, termination, terminations
终端,终端,终止

terminate
终止

text
文本

texts, textual
文本

text
文本

theme
主题

themes, thematic, thematically
主题,主题,主题

theme
主题

theory
理论

theoretical, theoretically, theories, theorist, theorists
理论的,理论的,理论家,理论家

theory
理论

thereby
从而

 

thereby
从而

thesis
论文

theses
论文

thesis
论文

topic
话题

topical, topics
topic,主题

topic
话题

trace
微量

traceable, traced, traces, tracing
可追踪的,可追踪的

trace
微量

tradition
传统

non-traditional, traditional, traditionalist, traditionally, traditions
非传统的,传统的,传统的

tradition
传统

transfer
转移

transferable, transference, transferred, transferring, transfers
transferred,transference,transferred,transferred,transferred,transferred

transfer
转移

transform
变换

transformation, transformations, transformed, transforming, transforms
transformation,transformations,transformed,transforming,transforms

transform
变换

transit
过境

transited, transiting, transition, transitional, transitions, transitory, transits
transitiated,transitional,transition,transitional

transit
过境

transmit
发送

transmission, transmissions, transmitted, transmitting, transmits
传输,传输

transmit
发送

transport
运输

transportation, transported, transporter, transporters, transporting, transports
运输,运输,运输机,运输机,运输,运输

transport
运输

trend
趋势

trends
趋势

trend
趋势

trigger
触发

triggered, triggering, triggers
触发,触发,触发

trigger
触发

ultimate
终极

ultimately
最终

ultimate
终极

undergo
经历

undergoes, undergoing, undergone, underwent
经历,经历

undergo
经历

underlie
的基础

underlay, underlies, underlying
基础,基础,基础

underlie
的基础

undertake
承担

undertaken, undertakes, undertaking, undertook
承担,承担

undertake
承担

uniform
均匀

uniformity, uniformly
一致性,一致性

uniform
均匀

unify
统一

unification, unified, unifies, unifying
统一统一

unify
统一

unique
独特

uniquely, uniqueness
独特的,独特的

unique
独特

utilise
利用

utilisation, utilised, utilises, utilising, utiliser, utilisers, utility, utilities
利用,利用者,利用者,效用,效用

utilise
利用

valid
有效

invalidate, invalidity, validate, validated, validating, validation, validity, validly
无效,无效,有效

valid
有效

vary
变化

invariable, invariably, variability, variable, variables, variably, variance, variant, variants, variation, variations, varied, varies, varying
不变的,不变的,可变的,可变的,变化

vary
变化

vehicle
车辆

vehicles
车辆

vehicle
车辆

version
版本

versions
版本

version
版本

via
经由

 

via
经由

violate
违反

violated, violates, violating, violation, violations
违反违反

violate
违反

virtual
虚拟

virtually
几乎

virtual
虚拟

visible
可见

visibility, visibly, invisible, invisibility
visibility,visibly,invisible,invisibility

visible
可见

vision
愿景

visions
愿景

vision
愿景

visual
视觉

visualise, visualised, visualised, visualising, visualisation, visually
visualised,visualised,visualised,visualising,visualisation,visualisation,visualisation

visual
视觉

volume
体积

volumes, vol
卷,卷

volume
体积

voluntary
自愿

voluntarily, volunteer, volunteering, volunteered, volunteers
志愿者,志愿者,志愿者,志愿者

voluntary
自愿

welfare
福利

 

welfare
福利

whereas

 

whereas

whereby
由此

 

whereby
由此

widespread
广泛

 

widespread
广泛

The Academic Word List
学术词汇表

Introduction
介绍

The Academic Word List was developed at the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, .  The list contains 570 word families which were selected according to principles outlined below. The list does not include words that are in the most frequent 2000 words of English. The AWL was primarily made so that it could be used by teachers as part of a programme preparing learners for tertiary level study or used by students working alone to learn the words most needed to study at tertiary institutions. The Academic Word List replaces the University Word List.
学术词汇表是由惠灵顿的维多利亚大学语言学和应用语言研究学院开发的。该列表包含570个单词家族,这些家族是根据以下原则选择的。nbsp;该列表不包括最常见的2000个英语单词中的单词。AWL的主要目的是让教师将其用作为高等教育学习做准备的课程的一部分,或者让学生独自学习在高等教育机构学习最需要的单词。学术词汇表取代了大学词汇表。

Principles of selection used in developing the AWL
开发AWL时使用的选择原则

The word families of the Academic Word List were selected according to several principles. In order of importance, these selection principles were:
学术词汇表中的词族是根据几个原则选择的。按重要性排序,这些选择原则是:

Range.  The AWL families had to occur in the Arts, Commerce, Law and Science faculty sections of the Academic Corpus (see below for details on the Academic Corpus).  The word families also had to occur in over half of the 28 subject areas of the Academic Corpus (see Table 2 below).  Just over 94% of the words in the AWL occur in 20 or more subject areas.  This principle ensures that the words in the AWL are useful for all learners, no matter what their area of study or what combination of subjects they take at tertiary level.
范围 AWL家族必须出现在学术语料库的艺术,商业,法律和科学教师部分(见下文关于学术语料库的详细信息)。 在学术语料库的28个学科领域中,有一半以上的领域都出现了“家族”一词(见下表2)。 AWL中超过94%的单词出现在20个或更多的主题领域。 这一原则确保AWL中的单词对所有学习者都有用,无论他们的学习领域或他们在高等教育中学习的科目组合如何。

Frequency. The AWL families had to occur over 100 times in the 3,500,000 word Academic Corpus in order to be considered for inclusion in the list. This principle ensures that the words will be met a reasonable number of times in academic texts.
频率. AWL家族必须在3,500,000字的学术语料库中出现超过100次才能被考虑列入名单。这一原则确保了这些词在学术文本中会出现合理的次数。

Uniformity of frequency.  The AWL families had to occur a minimum of 10 times in each faculty of the Academic Corpus to be considered for inclusion in the list.  This principle ensures that the vocabulary is useful for all learners.
频率的均匀性。nbsp; AWL家族必须在学术语料库的每个学院中至少出现10次才能被考虑列入列表。这一原则确保词汇对所有学习者都有用。

Words excluded from the Academic Word List
排除在学术词汇表之外的词汇

Words occurring in the first 2,000 words of English. The AWL assumes knowledge of West's General Service List (GSL) (1953) as the basic vocabulary any learner should have before starting to learn academic vocabulary.
出现在英语前2,000个单词中的单词。AWL假设西方的一般服务列表(GSL)(1953)的知识作为任何学习者在开始学习学术词汇之前应该掌握的基本词汇。

Narrow range words. Words which occurred in fewer than 4 faculty sections of the Academic Corpus or which occurred in fewer than 15 of the 28 subject areas of the Academic Corpus were excluded because they had narrow range.  Technical or specialist words often have narrow range and were excluded on this basis
狭义的词。出现在学术语料库中少于4个教师部分或出现在学术语料库的28个学科领域中少于15个的词被排除在外,因为它们的范围很窄。nbsp;技术或专业词汇通常范围狭窄,因此被排除在外

Proper nouns. The names of places, people, countries, for example, , Jim Bolger and were excluded from the list.
专有名词。地名、人名、国家名,例如,Jim Bolger被排除在名单之外。

Latin forms. Some of the most common Latin forms in the Academic Corpus were et al, etc, ie, and ibid.
拉丁语形式。学术语料库中一些最常见的拉丁语形式是et al等,即ibid

How to use this list 
如何使用此列表 

The headwords of the Academic Word List (AWL) are the stem form of the words.  The number after each headword is the sublist the word family is in.  The sublists have the word families of the AWL with the most frequently used member of the family in italics. Table 1 below shows the coverage of the sublists over the Academic Corpus* (see for more details of the Academic Corpus) and the number of pages of text a learner needs to read in order to encounter the words.
学术词汇表(AWL)的词目是词的词干形式。每个词目后面的数字是该词族所在的子列表。& nbsp;子列表包含AWL的单词家族,家族中最常用的成员用斜体表示。下面的表1显示了子列表在学术语料库中的覆盖率 *(有关学术语料库的更多详细信息,请参阅)以及学习者需要阅读的文本页数。

* A corpus is a body or collection of texts.
* 语料库是文本的主体或集合。

The words in the Academic Word List should be learned in several ways:
学术词汇表中的单词应该通过以下几种方式学习:

Learners should read academic texts and listen to academic lectures and discussions.  Where possile, the written and spoken texts should not be too difficult for learners, with no more than about 5% of the running words in the texts being new words for the learners.
学习者应该阅读学术文章,听学术讲座和讨论。在可能的情况下,书面和口语文本不应该对学习者来说太难,文本中不超过5%的流动词是学习者的新词。

Learners should have the chance to speak in academic discussion and write academic texts using academic vocabulary.
学习者应该有机会在学术讨论中发言,并使用学术词汇撰写学术文章。

Learners should directly study words from the list using word cards and doing intensive study of short academic texts.
学习者应该直接使用单词卡学习单词表中的单词,并对简短的学术文章进行深入学习。

Learning the words in the Academic Word List
学习学术词汇表中的单词

Choosing words
选词

Start with Sublist 1.  If these words are known, move on to Sublist 2 down to Sublist 10.
从子列表1开始。如果这些单词是已知的,则移动到子列表2向下到子列表10。

Don't start with the headwords starting with the letter 'A' and work down the list, but choose words that do not look like each other and are not related in meaning.
不要从字母“A”开头的词目开始,沿着列表往下走,而是选择看起来不像的词,意思也不相关。

Check the list for words you find in texts.  If the words are in the AWL, you should learn them.  If they are not in the list, then check West's General Service List.  If the words are not in the most frequent 2000 words of English or the AWL, then think carefully about whether or not you need to learn them.
检查你在文本中找到的单词。如果单词在AWL中,你应该学习它们。nbsp;如果不在列表中,则检查West的一般服务列表。&如果这些单词不在英语或AWL中最常见的2000个单词中,那么请仔细考虑是否需要学习它们。

Learning words
学习单词

Focus on retrieving the words rather than recognizing them.  Every time you retrieve a word the connection between the form of the word and its meaning is made stronger.  Using word cards with the word to be learned on one side and the translations on the other forces you to retrieve the word.
专注于检索单词,而不是识别它们。每当你检索一个单词时,单词的形式和它的含义之间的联系就会变得更强。使用单词卡,一面是要学习的单词,另一面是翻译,迫使你回忆单词。

Space the number of repetitions of the words you are learning because spacing repetitions results in longer lasting memory.  The best spacing is to review the words a few minutes after first looking at them, then an hour or so later, then the next day, then a week later and then a couple of weeks after that.
间隔你正在学习的单词的重复次数,因为间隔重复会导致更持久的记忆。最好的间隔是在第一次看单词后几分钟复习,然后是一个小时左右,然后是第二天,然后是一周后,然后是几周后。

Process the words thoughtfully so that the depth of learning is better.  Use techniques which encourage you to make a lot of associations with the words you are learning.  For example, think of language contexts and situational contexts in which you could use the words.
仔细地处理单词,以便更好地学习深度。使用一些技巧,鼓励你与你正在学习的单词进行大量的联想。例如,想想你可以使用这些词的语言语境和情景语境。

Avoid interference between the words you are learning by choosing words which are spelled differently and start with different letters.  Don't learn words with similar meanings at the same time.  Words which look the same or share similar meanings are easy to confuse and make your learning less effective.     
避免你正在学习的单词之间的干扰,选择拼写不同的单词,并以不同的字母开始。不要同时学习意思相近的单词。看起来相同或意思相似的单词很容易混淆,使你的学习效率降低。

The sublists of the Academic Word List
学术词汇表的子表

The word list has been divided into sublists based on the frequency of occurrence of the words in the Academic Corpus. The words in Sublist 1 occur more frequently in the corpus than the other words in the list.  Sublist 2 occurs with the next highest frequency. The more frequent the words in the list, the more likely they are to occur in academic texts.  When the frequencies of the words in the Academic Corpus are added together, we get a percentage of coverage of the words in the corpus.  Words with higher frequency cover more of the corpus. Table 1 below shows the coverage of each of the sublists of the Academic Word List. It is clear that the coverage of the sublists starts very high with Sublist 1 (3.6%) and drops quite quickly to Sublist 9 (0.2%). The figures in column 3 indicate how many pages on average a learner would need to read in order to meet each word again. It is assumed that there are 400 running words on a page. The figures are only averages.
根据词汇在学术语料库中出现的频率,将词汇表分为子表。子列表1中的词在语料库中出现的频率高于列表中的其他词。 子列表2以次高频率出现。列表中出现频率越高的单词,它们在学术文章中出现的可能性就越大。 当学术语料库中的词的频率加在一起时,我们得到语料库中的词的覆盖率。 使用频率高的词覆盖了更多的语料。下面的表1显示了学术词汇表每个子表的覆盖范围。很明显,子列表的覆盖率从子列表1(3.6%)开始非常高,然后很快下降到子列表9(0.2%)。第三栏中的数字表示学习者平均需要阅读多少页才能再次遇到每个单词。假设一页上有400个连续的单词。这些数字只是平均数。

Table 1: Coverage and pages per repetition of the items in the Academic Word List sublists in the Academic Corpus
表1:学术语料库中学术词汇表子表中项目的覆盖率和重复页数

AWL sublist
AWL子表

Coverage of the Academic Corpus (%)
学术语料库覆盖率(%)

Pages per repetition in the Academic Corpus
学术语料库中每次重复的页数

1 (60 families)
1(60个家庭)

3.6%

4

2 (60 families)
2(60个家庭)

1.8%

8

3 (60 families)
3个(60个家庭)

1.2%

12

4 (60 families)
4(60个家庭)

0.9%

15

5 (60 families)
5(60个家庭)

0.8%

19

6 (60 families)
6(60个家庭)

0.6%

24

7 (60 families)
7(60个家庭)

0.5%

30

8 (60 families)
8(60个家庭)

0.3%

49

9 (60 families)
9个(60个家庭)

0.2%

67

10 (30 families)
10(30个家庭)

0.1%

82

 

The AWL has 570 word families.  Word families are used because most regularly formed family members can be understood from knowledge of the stem and the affixes.  For example, the word family analyse includes the regular inflections of the verb, analysed, analysing, analyses and the derivations of the word, analysis, analyst, analysts, analytical, analytically etc., and the American spelling, analyze, analyzed, analyzes, analyzing.
AWL有570个单词家族。 之所以使用词族,是因为大多数有规律地形成的族成员都可以从词干和词缀的知识中理解。nbsp;例如,单词家族analyze包括动词的规则屈折变化,analyzed,analyzing,analyses和单词analysis,analyzer,analystically等的派生词,还有美式拼法分析

The Academic Corpus
学术语料库

A written corpus of academic English was developed for the purpose of finding out which words occurred in a wide range of academic texts from a variety of subject areas.  The Academic Corpus contained approximately 3,500,000 running words.  It was divided into four faculty sections: Arts, Commerce, Law and Science.  Each of these faculty sections contained approximately 875,000 running words.  Each faculty section was divided into seven subject areas of approximately 125,000 running words.
为了找出哪些词出现在来自不同学科领域的广泛的学术文章中,我们开发了一个学术英语书面语料库。学术语料库包含大约3,500,000个单词。它分为四个院系:艺术,商业,法律和科学。这些教师部门中的每一个都包含大约875,000个单词。每个院系分为7个学科领域,约125,000个连续单词。

Table 2:        Subject areas in the Faculty Sections of the Academic Corpus
表2:学术语料库中学院部分的学科领域

Arts
艺术

Commerce
商务

Law

Science
科学

Education
教育

Accounting
会计

Constitutional Law
宪法法律

Biology
生物学

History
历史

Economics
经济学

Criminal Law
刑法

Chemistry
化学

Linguistics
语言学

Finance
金融

Family Law and Medico-Legal
家庭法和法医学

Computer Science
计算机科学

Philosophy
哲学

Industrial Relations
劳资关系

International Law
国际法

Geography
地理

Politics
政治

Management
管理

Pure Commercial Law
纯粹商法

Geology
地质

Psychology
心理学

Marketing
营销

Quasi-Commercial Law
准商法

Mathematics
数学

Sociology
社会学

Public Policy
公共政策

Rights and Remedies
权利和补救措施

Physics
物理

The Academic Corpus contained journal articles, book chapters, course workbooks, laboratory manuals, and course notes.  The texts were selected according to whether they were of suitable length (over 2,000 running words long) and  were representative of the academic genre in that they were written for an academic audience.  Any text not meeting these selection criteria was not included in the Academic Corpus.  There were 414 texts in the Academic Corpus.  Where possible, a balance was maintained between the number of texts in the four faculty sections. 
学术语料库包含期刊文章,书籍章节,课程练习册,实验室手册和课程笔记。这些文本是根据它们是否具有适当的长度(超过2,000个连续单词)来选择的,并且它们是为学术受众而写的,因此具有学术体裁的代表性。任何不符合这些选择标准的文本都不包括在学术语料库中。学术语料库中有414篇文章。在可能的情况下,在四个院系的文本数量之间保持平衡。

Where possible, the texts were kept at their original length, although their bibliographies were removed.  Whole texts provide greater opportunities for words to reoccur and longer texts allow for greater frequency of occurrence as well as variety of vocabulary.  Where possible, a balance between the number of short texts (2,000 - 5,000 running words), medium length texts (5,000 - 10,000 running words) and long texts (over 10,000 running words) was kept between the four faculty areas.  This was to ensure that the faculty sections were as similar in make up as possible.
在可能的情况下,案文保持原来的长度,但其参考书目被删除。整个文本为单词的重复出现提供了更大的机会,而较长的文本允许更大的出现频率和词汇的多样性。在可能的情况下,在四个教师领域之间保持短文本(2,000 - 5,000个连续单词),中等长度文本(5,000 - 10,000个连续单词)和长文本(超过10,000个连续单词)之间的平衡。这是为了确保教师部门尽可能相似的弥补。

The following page from an academic text shows how many of the words in such texts are from the Academic Word List.  The words from the Academic Word List are underlined in the text. 
下面的一页来自学术文章,显示了这些文章中有多少单词来自学术词汇表。学术词汇表中的单词在课文中画了下划线。

DATING BUSINESS CYCLES
约会商业周期

I.       Introduction
I.介绍

Dating the turning points and duration of business cycles has long been associated with the construction of aggregate reference cycle indexes, and their associated leading, coincident and lagging indicators. This was along lines originally developed by Burns and Mitchell (1946), and subsequently by colleagues at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), e.g. Klein (1990).  More recently, identifying the turning points and duration of business cycles has been an important aspect of two further areas of business cycle research: the evaluation of theoretical and associated empirical business cycle models, e.g. King and Plosser (1994), Simkins (1994); and the analysis of the time varying characteristics of business cycles, e.g. Diebold and Rudebusch (1992), Watson (1994).
确定商业周期转折点和持续时间的日期,长期以来一直与综合参考周期指数及其相关先行、同步和滞后指标的构建联系在一起。这是沿着最初由伯恩斯和米切尔(1946)以及后来国家经济研究局(NBER)的同事,如克莱因(1990)提出的路线。 最近,确定商业周期的转折点和持续时间一直是商业周期研究的两个进一步领域的一个重要方面理论和相关经验商业周期模型的评估,如King和Plosser(1994),Simkins(1994);以及对商业周期随时间变化的特征的分析,如Diebold和Rudebusch(1992),沃森(1994)。

The Burns and Mitchell technique of dating business cycles relied primarily on two sorts of information: the descriptive evidence from business publications and general business conditions indices, and the "specific cycles" found in many individual series and the tendency for turning points to sometimes cluster at certain dates.  Based on this information, a set of reference cycle dates were selected that specified the turning points in "aggregate economic activity".  A key feature of the Burns and Mitchell approach was to focus on the amount of cyclical co-movement or coherence among a large number of economic variables.  This co-movement is the prime characteristic of their definition of the business cycle:  "...a cycle consists of expansions occurring at about the same time in many economic activities, followed by similarly general recessions, contractions, and revivals which merge into the expansion phase of the next cycle;...in duration business cycles vary from more than one year to ten or twelve years..." (Burns and Mitchell, 1946, p 3).
伯恩斯和米切尔测定商业周期的技术主要依赖于两种信息:来自商业出版物和一般商业状况指数的描述性证据,以及在许多单个系列中发现的“特定周期“,以及转折点有时聚集在某些日期的趋势。nbsp;根据这些信息,选择了一组参考周期日期,以指定“总体经济活动”的转折点。 伯恩斯和米切尔方法的一个关键特征关注大量经济变量之间的周期性共同运动或一致性。这种联动是他们对商业周期定义的主要特征: “......一个周期包括在许多经济活动中几乎同时发生的扩张,随后是类似的一般衰退,收缩和复苏,这些复苏合并到下一个周期的扩张阶段; 商业周期的持续时间从一年多到十年或十二年不等。”(Burns and Mitchell,1946,p3)。

The NBER approach is based on the view that there is no unique way of combining all these activities, and accordingly the business cycle cannot be fully depicted by a single measure, e.g. Burns (1969, p 13).  Burns and Mitchell, and subsequent NBER researchers, intended therefore, before the computer age, to provide a standard technique with a set of decision rules for deriving business cycle turning points based on these two sorts of information.  In practice, this involved the application of a standard format of filtering procedures to extract the turning points in each data series, and then combining this information in a judgmental way to determine a single turning point date.  Other procedures, notably reference cycle indexes and coincident indexes, subsequently emerged as supplementary procedures for combining a large number of data series including various measures of output, production inputs, price series, monetary aggregates, etc, into a single composite index which have also been used to identify turning points.
国家经济研究局的方法是基于这样一种观点,即不存在将所有这些活动结合在一起的唯一方法,因此商业周期不能用一种单一的方法来完全描述,例如伯恩斯(1969,第13页)。因此,伯恩斯和米切尔,以及后来的国家经济研究局研究人员,打算在计算机时代到来之前,提供一种标准技术,其中包括一套决策规则,以便根据这两种信息得出商业周期的转折点。 在实践中,这涉及应用标准格式的过滤程序,以提取每个数据系列中的转折点,然后以判断的方式将这些信息结合起来,以确定单个转折点日期。 其他程序,特别是参考周期指数同步指数后来作为补充程序出现,将大量数据系列,包括各种产出、生产投入、价格系列、货币总量等计量数据,合并成一个单一的综合指数,也用于确定转折点。

Source: Buckle, R., Kim, K. and Hall, V. B. (1994) 'Dating business cycles' GSBGM Working Paper 6 : of
来源:Buckle,R.,金,K.和Hall,V. B。(1994年)“确定商业周期”GSBGM工作文件6

References
引用

Academic vocabulary and the Academic Word List
学术词汇和学术词汇表

Coxhead, Averil and Nation, Paul (2001) 'The Specialised Vocabulary of English for Academic Purposes'. In Flowerdew, J. and Peacock, M. Research Perspectives on English for Academic Purposes. Press:
Coxhead,Averil和Nation,Paul(2001)“学术英语专业词汇”。在Flowerdew,J.和Peacock,M. 学术英语研究展望印刷:

Coxhead, Averil (2000) A New Academic Word List.
TESOL Quarterly, 34(2): 213-238.

Coxhead, Averil (2000) A New Academic Word List.
TESOL Quarterly,34(2):213-238.

For further reading on vocabulary:
关于词汇的进一步阅读:

Nation, P. (2001).
Learning Vocabulary in Another Language. ,

Nation, P. (2001).
用另一种语言学习词汇,

Press.

Schmitt, N. (2000).
Vocabulary in Language Teaching. : Press.

Schmitt, N.(2000年)的第10/2000号决议。
语言教学中的词汇Press.

For more on the Vocabulary Levels Test
有关词汇水平测试的更多信息

Schmitt, N. Schmitt, D. and Clapham, C. (2001) 'Developing and exploring the behavior of two new versions of the Vocabulary Levels Test'. Language Testing, 18, 1: 55 - 88.
施密特,N.施密特,D.和Clapham,C.(2001)“开发和探索两个新版本的词汇水平测试的行为”。语言测试,18,1:55 - 88。

Headwords of the Academic Word List
学术词汇表的词目

This list contains the head words of the families in the Academic Word List. The numbers indicate the sublist of the Academic Word List, with Sublist 1 containing the most frequent words, Sublist 2 the next most frequent and so on. For example, abandon and its family members are in Sublist 8 of the Academic Word List.
这个列表包含了学术词汇表中各家族的中心词。数字表示学术词汇表的子列表,子列表1包含最频繁的单词,子列表2包含次频繁的单词,依此类推。例如,abandon及其家族成员在学术词汇表的子列表8中。

abandon
放弃

8

abstract
摘要

6

academy
学院

5

access
接入

4

accommodate
容纳

9

accompany

8

accumulate
积累

8

accurate
准确

6

achieve
实现

2

acknowledge
承认

6

acquire
获取

2

adapt
适应

7

adequate
足够

4

adjacent
相邻

10

adjust
调整

5

administrate
行政

2

adult
成人

7

advocate
倡导

7

affect
影响

2

aggregate
骨料

6

aid
援助

7

albeit
尽管

10

allocate
分配

6

alter
改变

5

alternative
替代

3

ambiguous
模棱两可

8

amend
修订

5

analogy
类比

9

analyse
分析

1

annual
年度

4

anticipate
预期

9

apparent
显而易见

4

append

8

appreciate
欣赏

8

approach
方法

1

appropriate
适当

2

approximate
近似

4

arbitrary
任意

8

area
区域

1

aspect
方面

2

assemble
组装

10

assess
评估

1

assign
分配

6

assist
协助

2

assume
假设

1

assure
保证

9

attach
附着

6

attain
实现

9

attitude
态度

4

attribute
属性

4

author
作者

6

authority
权威

1

automate
自动化

8

available
可用

1

aware
意识

5

behalf
代表

9

benefit
受益

1

bias
偏置

8

bond
债券

6

brief
简要

6

bulk
散装

9

capable
能够

6

capacity
能力

5

category
类别

2

cease
停止

9

challenge
挑战

5

channel
信道

7

chapter

2

chart
图表

8

chemical
化学

7

circumstance
情况

3

cite
引用

6

civil
民间

4

clarify
澄清

8

classic
经典

7

clause
条款

5

code
代码

4

coherent
相干

9

coincide
重合

9

collapse
崩溃

10

colleague
同事

10

commence
开始

9

comment
评论

3

commission
委员会

2

commit
承诺

4

commodity
商品

8

communicate
通信

4

community
社区

2

compatible
兼容

9

compensate
补偿

3

compile
编译

10

complement
补充

8

complex
复杂

2

component
组件

3

compound
化合物

5

comprehensive
全面

7

comprise
包括

7

compute
计算

2

conceive
怀孕

10

concentrate
浓缩物

4

concept
概念

1

conclude
缔结

2

concurrent
并发

9

conduct
进行

2

confer
赋予

4

confine
限制

9

confirm
确认

7

conflict
冲突

5

conform
符合

8

consent
同意

3

consequent
随之

2

considerable
相当大

3

consist
组成

1

constant
恒定

3

constitute
构成

1

constrain
约束

3

construct
构建体

2

consult
咨询

5

consume
消耗

2

contact
接触

5

contemporary
当代

8

context
上下文

1

contract
合同

1

contradict
矛盾

8

contrary
相反

7

contrast
对比

4

contribute
贡献

3

controversy
争议

9

convene
召开

3

converse
匡威

9

convert
转换

7

convince
说服

10

cooperate
合作

6

coordinate
坐标

3

core
核心

3

corporate
企业

3

correspond
对应

3

couple

7

create
创建

1

credit
信用

2

criteria
标准

3

crucial
关键

8

culture
文化

2

currency
货币

8

cycle
周期

4

data
数据

1

debate
辩论

4

decade
十年

7

decline
下降

5

deduce
推断

3

define
定义

1

definite
明确

7

demonstrate
证明

3

denote
表示

8

deny
否认

7

depress
压低

10

derive
导出

1

design
设计

2

despite
尽管

4

detect
检测

8

deviate
偏离

8

device
装置

9

devote
投入

9

differentiate
区分

7

dimension
尺寸

4

diminish
减少

9

discrete
离散

5

discriminate
歧视

6

displace
取代

8

display
显示

6

dispose
处置

7

distinct
不同

2

distort
扭曲

9

distribute
分发

1

diverse
多样化

6

document
文件

3

domain

6

domestic
国内

4

dominate
主导

3

draft
草案

5

drama
戏剧

8

duration
持续时间

9

dynamic
动态

7

economy
经济

1

edit
编辑

6

element
元件

2

eliminate
消除

7

emerge
出现

4

emphasis
重点

3

empirical
实证

7

enable
使

5

encounter
遇到

10

energy
能源

5

enforce
执行

5

enhance
增强

6

enormous
巨大

10

ensure
确保

3

entity
实体

5

environment
环境

1

equate
等同

2

equip
装备

7

equivalent
等效

5

erode
侵蚀

9

error
误差

4

establish
建立

1

estate
地产

6

estimate
估计

1

ethic
伦理

9

ethnic
民族

4

evaluate
评价

2

eventual
最终

8

evident
明显

1

evolve
进化

5

exceed
超过

6

exclude
排除

3

exhibit
表现出

8

expand
扩大

5

expert
专家

6

explicit
显式

6

exploit
利用

8

export
出口

1

expose
暴露

5

external
外部

5

extract
提取物

7

facilitate
促进

5

factor
因子

1

feature
特征

2

federal
联邦

6

fee

6

file
文件

7

final
最终

2

finance
金融

1

finite
有限

7

flexible
柔性

6

fluctuate
波动

8

focus
重点

2

format
格式

9

formula

1

forthcoming
即将

10

foundation
基础

7

found
发现

9

framework
框架

3

function
功能

1

fund
基金

3

fundamental
基本

5

furthermore
此外

6

gender
性别

6

generate
生成

5

generation
一代

5

globe
地球仪

7

goal
目标

4

grade

7

grant
格兰特

4

guarantee
保证

7

guideline
准则

8

hence
因此

4

hierarchy
层次结构

7

highlight
突出

8

hypothesis
假设

4

identical
相同

7

identify
识别

1

ideology
思想

7

ignorance
无知

6

illustrate
示出

3

image
图像

5

immigrate
移民

3

impact
影响

2

implement
实施

4

implicate
牵连

4

implicit
隐式

8

imply
意味

3

impose
征收

4

incentive
激励

6

incidence
发生率

6

incline
倾斜

10

income
收入

1

incorporate
纳入

6

index
指数

6

indicate
指示

1

individual
个人

1

induce
诱导

8

inevitable
必然

8

infer
推断

7

infrastructure
基础设施

8

inherent
固有

9

inhibit
抑制

6

initial
初始

3

initiate
发起

6

injure
伤害

2

innovate
创新

7

input
输入

6

insert
插入

7

insight
洞察力

9

inspect
检查

8

instance
例如

3

institute
研究所

2

instruct
指示

6

integral
积分

9

integrate
整合

4

integrity
完整性

10

intelligence
情报

6

intense
激烈

8

interact
交互

3

intermediate
中间

9

internal
内部

4

interpret
解释

1

interval
间隔

6

intervene
干预

7

intrinsic
内在

10

invest
投资

2

investigate
探讨

4

invoke
调用

10

involve
涉及

1

isolate
隔离

7

issue
问题

1

item
项目

2

job
工作

4

journal
杂志

2

justify
证明

3

label
标签

4

labor
劳动

1

layer

3

lecture
讲座

6

legal
法律的

1

legislate
立法

1

levy
征收

10

liberal
自由

5

license
许可证

5

likewise
同样

10

link
链路

3

locate
定位

3

logic
逻辑

5

maintain
保持

2

major
主要

1

manipulate
操纵

8

manual
手动

9

margin
保证金

5

mature
成熟

9

maximize
最大

3

mechanism
机制

4

media
媒体

7

mediate
介导

9

medical
医疗

5

medium
介质

9

mental
心理

5

method
方法

1

migrate
迁移

6

military
军事

9

minimal
最小

9

minimize
尽量减少

8

minimum
最小

6

ministry

6

minor
轻微

3

mode
模式

7

modify
修改

5

monitor
监测

5

motive
动机

6

mutual
相互

9

negate
否定

3

network
网络

5

neutral
中性

6

nevertheless
然而

6

nonetheless
尽管如此

10

norm
规范

9

normal
正常

2

notion
概念

5

notwithstanding
尽管

10

nuclear

8

objective
目的

5

obtain
获得

2

obvious
明显

4

occupy
占据

4

occur
发生

1

odd
奇怪

10

offset
偏移

8

ongoing
正在进行

10

option
选项

4

orient
东方

5

outcome
结果

3

output
输出

4

overall
整体

4

overlap
重叠

9

overseas
海外

6

panel
面板

10

paradigm
范式

7

paragraph

8

parallel
平行

4

parameter
参数

4

participate
参与

2

partner
伙伴

3

passive
被动

9

perceive
感知

2

percent
百分

1

period
期间

1

persist
坚持

10

perspective
透视

5

phase

4

phenomenon
现象

7

philosophy
哲学

3

physical
物理

3

plus
加上

8

policy
政策

1

portion
部分

9

pose
构成

10

positive
积极

2

potential
潜在

2

practitioner
从业者

8

precede
先于

6

precise
精确

5

predict
预测

4

predominant
主要

8

preliminary
初步

9

presume
假定

6

previous
先前

2

primary
初级

2

prime

5

principal
主要

4

principle
原则

1

prior
之前

4

priority
优先

7

proceed
进行

1

process
过程

1

professional
专业

4

prohibit
禁止

7

project
项目

4

promote
促进

4

proportion
比例

3

prospect
前景

8

protocol
议定书

9

psychology
心理学

5

publication
出版物

7

publish
发布

3

purchase
购买

2

pursue
追求

5

qualitative
定性

9

quote
引用

7

radical
激进

8

random
随机

8

range
范围

2

ratio

5

rational
理性

6

react
反应

3

recover
恢复

6

refine
细化

9

regime
政权

4

region
区域

2

register
寄存器

3

regulate
调节

2

reinforce
加强

8

reject
拒绝

5

relax
放松

9

release
释放

7

relevant
相关

2

reluctance
磁阻

10

rely
依赖

3

remove
去除

3

require
需要

1

research
研究

1

reside
驻留

2

resolve
解决

4

resource
资源

2

respond
回应

1

restore
恢复

8

restrain
抑制

9

restrict
限制

2

retain
保留

4

reveal
揭示

6

revenue
收入

5

reverse
反向

7

revise
修订

8

revolution
革命

9

rigid
刚性

9

role
作用

1

route
路线

9

scenario
场景

9

schedule
附表

8

scheme
方案

3

scope
范围

6

section
部分

1

sector
部门

1

secure
安全

2

seek
寻求

2

select
选择

2

sequence
序列

3

series
系列

4

sex

3

shift
移位

3

significant
显著

1

similar
类似

1

simulate
模拟

7

site
网站

2

so-called
所谓

10

sole
鞋底

7

somewhat
有些

7

source

1

specific
具体

1

specify
指定

3

sphere
球体

9

stable
稳定

5

statistic
统计

4

status
地位

4

straightforward
直截了当

10

strategy
战略

2

stress
应力

4

structure
结构

1

style
风格

5

submit
提交

7

subordinate
下属

9

subsequent
后续

4

subsidy
补贴

6

substitute
替代

5

successor
继任者

7

sufficient
足够

3

sum
总和

4

summary
总结

4

supplement
补充

9

survey
调查

2

survive
生存

7

suspend
暂停

9

sustain
维持

5

symbol
符号

5

tape
磁带

6

target
目标

5

task
任务

3

team
团队

9

technical
技术

3

technique
技术

3

technology
技术

3

temporary
临时

9

tense
紧张

8

terminate
终止

8

text
文本

2

theme
主题

8

theory
理论

1

thereby
从而

8

thesis
论文

7

topic
话题

7

trace
微量

6

tradition
传统

2

transfer
转移

2

transform
变换

6

transit
过境

5

transmit
发送

7

transport
运输

6

trend
趋势

5

trigger
触发

9

ultimate
终极

7

undergo
经历

10

underlie
的基础

6

undertake
承担

4

uniform
均匀

8

unify
统一

9

unique
独特

7

utilize
利用

6

valid
有效

3

vary
变化

1

vehicle
车辆

8

version
版本

5

via
经由

8

violate
违反

9

virtual
虚拟

8

visible
可见

7

vision
愿景

9

visual
视觉

8

volume
体积

3

voluntary
自愿

7

welfare
福利

5

whereas

5

whereby
由此

10

widespread
广泛

8

The Academic Word List
学术词汇表

Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表1-家庭中最常见的单词

This sublist contains the most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.  The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 1 are listed below.
这个子表包含了学术语料库中学术词汇表中最常见的词汇。下面列出了子表1中最常见的单词家族成员。

2

analysis
分析

approach
方法

area
区域

assessment
评估

assume
假设

authority         
权威         

available
可用

benefit
受益

concept
概念

consistent
一致

constitutional
宪法

context
上下文

contract
合同

create
创建

data
数据

definition
定义

derived
衍生

distribution
分布

economic
经济

environment
环境

established
建立

estimate
估计

evidence
证据

export
出口

factors
因素

financial
金融

formula

function
功能

identified
识别

income
收入

indicate
指示

individual 
个人

interpretation
解释

involved
涉及

issues
问题

labour
劳工

legal
法律的

legislation
立法

major
主要

method
方法

occur
发生

percent
百分

period
期间

policy
政策

principle
原则

procedure
程序

process
过程

required

research
研究

response
响应

role
作用

section
部分

sector
部门

significant 
显著

similar
类似

source

specific
具体

structure
结构

theory
理论

variables
变量

Sublist 2 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表2-家庭中最常见的单词

This sublist contains the second most frequent words in the Academic Word List from the Academic Corpus.  The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 2 are listed below.
这个子列表包含学术语料库中学术词汇表中第二频繁的单词。下面列出了子表2中最常见的单词家族成员。

achieve
实现

acquisition
采集

administration 
管理

affect
影响

appropriate
适当

aspects
方面

assistance
援助

categories
类别

chapter

commission
委员会

community
社区

complex
复杂

computer
计算机

conclusion
结论

conduct
进行

consequences
后果

construction
建设

consumer 
消费者

credit
信用

cultural
文化

design
设计

distinction
区别

elements
元件

equation
方程

evaluation
评价

features
特征

final
最终

focus
重点

impact
影响

injury
损伤

institute
研究所

investment
投资

items
项目

journal
杂志

maintenance
维护

normal
正常

obtained
获得

participation
参与

perceived
感知

positive
积极

potential
潜在

previous
先前

primary
初级

purchase
购买

range
范围

region
区域

regulations
条例

relevant
相关

resident
居民

resources
资源

restricted
限制

security
安全

sought
寻求

select
选择

site
网站

strategies
战略

survey
调查

text
文本

traditional
传统

transfer
转移

Sublist 3 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表3-家庭中最常见的单词

This sublist contains the third most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.  The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 3 are listed below.
这个子表包含了学术语料库中学术词汇表中第三大最频繁的词汇。下面列出了子表3中最常见的单词家族成员。

alternative
替代

circumstances
情况

comments
评论

compensation
补偿

components
组件

consent
同意

considerable
相当大

constant
恒定

constraints
约束

contribution
贡献

convention
公约

coordination
协调

core
核心

corporate
企业

corresponding
对应

criteria
标准

deduction
扣除

demonstrate
证明

document
文件

dominant
主导

emphasis
重点

ensure
确保

excluded
排除

framework
框架

funds
资金

illustrated

immigration
移民

implies
意味

initial
初始

instance
例如

interaction
相互作用

justification
理由

layer

link
链路

location
位置

maximum 
最大

minorities
少数群体

negative

outcomes
成果

partnership
伙伴关系

philosophy
哲学

physical
物理

proportion
比例

published
发表

reaction
反应

registered
注册

reliance
依赖

removed
移除

scheme
方案

sequence
序列

sex

shift
移位

specified
指定

sufficient
足够

task
任务

technical
技术

techniques
技术

technology
技术

validity
有效性

volume
体积

Sublist 4 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表4-家庭中最常见的单词

This sublist contains the fourth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.  The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 4 are listed below.
这个子表包含了学术语料库中学术词汇表中第四大最频繁的单词。下面列出了子表4中最常见的单词家族成员。

access
接入

adequate
足够

annual
年度

apparent
显而易见

approximated
近似

attitudes
态度

attributed
归因

civil
民间

code
代码

commitment
承诺

communication
通信

concentration
浓度

conference
会议

contrast
对比

cycle
周期

debate
辩论

despite
尽管

dimensions
尺寸

domestic
国内

emerged
出现

error
误差

ethnic
民族

goals
目标

granted
授予

hence
因此

hypothesis
假设

implementation
执行

implications
影响

imposed
强加

integration
一体化

internal
内部

investigation
调查

job
工作

label
标签

mechanism
机制

obvious
明显

occupational 
职业

option
选项

output
输出

overall
整体

parallel
平行

parameters
参数

phase

predicted
预测

principal
主要

prior
之前

professional
专业

project
项目

promote
促进

regime
政权

resolution
决议

retained
保留

series
系列

statistics
统计

status
地位

stress
应力

subsequent
后续

sum
总和

summary
总结

undertaken
开展

Sublist 5 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表5-家庭中最常见的单词

academic
学术

adjustment 
调整

alter 
改变

amendment
修正案

aware
意识

capacity 
能力

challenge
挑战

clause
条款

compounds
化合物

conflict
冲突

consultation
协商

contact
接触

decline
下降

discretion
酌处权

draft
草案

enable
使

energy
能源

enforcement 
执法

entities
实体

equivalent
等效

evolution 
进化

expansion
膨胀

exposure
暴露

external 
外部

facilitate
促进

fundamental
基本

generated 
生成

generation 
一代

image
图像

liberal
自由

licence
牌照

logic
逻辑

marginal
边际

medical
医疗

mental
心理

modified
改性

monitoring 
监测

network
网络

notion
概念

objective 
目的

orientation
取向

perspective
透视

precise
精确

prime
psychology 
心理学

pursue
追求

ratio

rejected
拒绝

revenue
收入

stability
稳定性

styles
款式

substitution 
取代

sustainable
可持续

symbolic
象征性

target
目标

transition 
过渡

trend
趋势

version
版本

welfare
福利

whereas

Sublist 6 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表6-家庭中最常见的单词

abstract
摘要

accurate
准确

acknowledged
承认

aggregate 
骨料

allocation
分配

assigned
分配

attached

author
作者

bond
债券

brief
简要

capable
能够

cited
引用

cooperative 
合作

discrimination 
歧视

display
显示

diversity
多样性

domain

edition

enhanced
增强

estate
地产

exceed
超过

expert
专家

explicit
显式

federal
联邦

fees

flexibility
灵活性
 
furthermore
此外

gender
性别

ignored
忽视

incentive
激励

incidence 
发生率

incorporated
并入

index
指数

inhibition
抑制

initiatives
举措
 
input
输入

instructions
指令

intelligence
情报

interval
间隔

lecture
讲座

migration
迁移

minimum
最小

ministry

motivation
动机

neutral
中性

nevertheless  
然而

overseas 
海外

preceding
前述

presumption
推定

rational
理性

recovery
恢复

revealed
透露

scope
范围

subsidiary
附属

tapes
磁带

trace
微量

transformation
转型

transport
运输

underlying
底层

utility
实用

Sublist 7 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表7-家庭中最常见的单词

adaptation
适应

adults
成年人

advocate
倡导

aid
援助

channel
信道

chemical
化学

classical
古典

comprehensive
全面

comprise
包括

confirmed
证实

contrary
相反

converted
转换

couple

decades
几十年

definite
明确

deny
否认

differentiation 
分化

disposal
处置

dynamic
动态

eliminate
消除

empirical 
实证

equipment
设备

extract
提取物

file
文件

finite
有限

foundation 
基础

global
全球

grade

guarantee
保证

hierarchical 
分层

identical 
相同

ideology
思想

inferred
推断

innovation
创新

insert
插入

intervention
干预

isolated
分离

media
媒体

mode
模式

paradigm
范式

phenomenon
现象

priority
优先

prohibited
禁止

publication 
出版物

quotation
报价

release
释放

reverse
反向

simulation 
仿真

solely

somewhat
有些

submitted
提交

successive
连续

survive
生存

thesis
论文

topic
话题

transmission 
传输

ultimately 
最终

unique
独特

visible
可见

voluntary
自愿

Sublist 8 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表8-家庭中最常见的单词

abandon
放弃

accompanied
陪同

accumulation 
积累

ambiguous
模棱两可

appendix
附录

appreciation
赞赏
 
arbitrary
任意
 
automatically
自动

bias
偏置

chart
图表

clarity
清楚

conformity
符合性

commodity
商品

complement
补充

contemporary
当代

contradiction
矛盾

crucial
关键

currency
货币

denote    
表示    

detected
检测

deviation
偏差

displacement
位移

dramatic
戏剧性

eventually
最终
 
exhibit
表现出

exploitation
剥削
 
fluctuations
波动
 
guidelines
准则
 
highlighted
强调
 
implicit
隐式

induced
诱导

inevitably
避免地

infrastructure
基础设施
 
inspection
检查
 
intensity
强度

manipulation
操纵
 
minimised
小化

nuclear

offset
偏移

paragraph

plus
加上

practitioners
从业者

predominantly
主要

prospect
前景

radical
激进

random
随机

reinforced
钢筋

restore
恢复

revision
修订

schedule
附表

tension
张力

termination
终止

theme
主题

thereby
从而

uniform
均匀

vehicle
车辆

via
经由

virtually
几乎

widespread
广泛

visual
视觉

Sublist 9 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表9-家庭中最常见的单词

accommodation
住宿

analogous
类似

anticipated  
预期

assurance
保证

attained
达到

behalf
代表

bulk
散装

ceases
停止

coherence
一致性

coincide
重合

commenced
开始

incompatible  
不兼容

concurrent
并发

confined
局限

controversy  
争议

conversely
相反

device
装置

devoted
致力

diminished
减少

distorted/distortion - equal figures
扭曲/扭曲-相等的数字

duration
持续时间

erosion
侵蚀

ethical
伦理

format
格式

founded
成立

inherent
固有

insights
见解

integral
积分

intermediate
中间

manual
手动

mature
成熟

mediation
调解

medium
介质

military
军事

minimal
最小

mutual
相互

norms
规范

overlap
重叠

passive
被动

portion
部分

preliminary
初步

protocol
议定书

qualitative
定性

refine
细化

relaxed
放松

restraints
限制

revolution
革命

rigid
刚性

route
路线

scenario
场景

sphere
球体

subordinate
下属

supplementary  
补充

suspended
悬浮

team
团队

temporary
临时

trigger
触发

unified
统一

violation
违反

vision
愿景

Sublist 10 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families
学术词汇表的子表10-家庭中最常见的单词

This sublist contains the least frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.  The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 10 are listed below.
这个子列表包含了学术语料库中学术词汇表中最不常见的单词。下面列出了子表10中最常见的单词家族成员。

adjacent
相邻

albeit
尽管

assembly
组件

collapse
崩溃

colleagues
同事

compiled
编译

conceived
构思

convinced
深信

depression
抑郁

encountered
遇到
 
enormous
巨大

forthcoming
即将

inclination
倾斜

integrity
完整性

intrinsic
内在

invoked
调用

levy
征收

likewise
同样

nonetheless 
尽管如此

notwithstanding
尽管

odd
奇怪
 
ongoing
正在进行

panel
面板

persistent
持久性

posed
构成

reluctant
不愿意

so-called
所谓

straightforward
直截了当

undergo
经历

whereby
由此

Academic word list
学术词汇表

There are 570 headwords and about 3000 words altogether. For more information see The Academic Word List.
全书共有词目570个,约3000字。欲了解更多信息,请参阅学术词汇表

Headwords
词目

Other words in the family.
家里的其他话。

abandon
放弃

abandoned, abandoning, abandonment, abandons
放弃,放弃

abstract
摘要

abstraction, abstractions, abstractly, abstracts
抽象,抽象

academy
学院

academia, academic, academically, academics, academies
academic,academic,academically,academics,academies,学术界,学术界

access
接入

accessed, accesses, accessibility, accessible, accessing, inaccessible
accessible,accessibility,accessible

accommodate
容纳

accommodated, accommodates, accommodating, accommodation
适应,适应

accompany

accompanied, accompanies, accompaniment, accompanying, unaccompanied
陪伴,无陪伴

accumulate
积累

accumulated, accumulating, accumulation, accumulates
积累积累

accurate
准确

accuracy, accurately, inaccuracy, inaccuracies, inaccurate
准确,准确,不准确

achieve
实现

achievable, achieved, achievement, achievements, achieves, achieving
achievable,achievable

acknowledge
承认

acknowledged, acknowledges, acknowledging, acknowledgement, acknowledgements
承认,承认

acquire
获取

acquired, acquires, acquiring, acquisition, acquisitions
收购收购

adapt
适应

adaptability, adaptable, adaptation, adaptations, adapted, adapting, adaptive, adapts
adaptationadaptation

adequate
足够

adequacy, adequately, inadequacies, inadequacy, inadequate, inadequately
适当的,适当的,不适当的,不充分的,不适当的

adjacent
相邻

 

adjust
调整

adjusted, adjusting, adjustment, adjustments, adjusts, readjust, readjusted, readjusting, readjustment, readjustments, readjusts
adjusted,adjusting,adjustment,adjustments,adjusts,adjust

administrate
行政

administrates, administration, administrations, administrative, administratively, administrator, administrators
administrates,administration,administrations,administrative,administratively,administrator,administrators

adult
成人

adulthood, adults
成年人,adults

advocate
倡导

advocacy, advocated, advocates, advocating
提倡,提倡

affect
影响

affected, affecting, affective, affectively, affects, unaffected
affected,affecting,affective,affectly,affects,unaffected

aggregate
骨料

aggregated, aggregates, aggregating, aggregation
聚集,聚集

aid
援助

aided, aiding, aids, unaided
援助,援助,艾滋病,无援助

albeit
尽管

 

allocate
分配

allocated, allocates, allocating, allocation, allocations
分配分配

alter
改变

alterable, alteration, alterations, altered, altering, alternate, alternating, alters, unalterable, unaltered
可改变的,不可改变的,不可改变的

alternative
替代

alternatively, alternatives
或者,替代方案

ambiguous
模棱两可

ambiguities, ambiguity, unambiguous, unambiguously
模棱两可,模棱两可,毫不含糊,毫不含糊

amend
修订

amended, amending, amendment, amendments, amends
修正修正

analogy
类比

analogies, analogous
类比

analyze
分析

analyzed, analyzer, analyzers, analyses, analyzing, analysis, analyst, analysts, analytic, analytical, analytically
分析,分析

annual
年度

annually
每年

anticipate
预期

anticipated, anticipates, anticipating, anticipation, unanticipated
predicted,predicting,predicting,predicting,unpredicted

apparent
显而易见

apparently
显然

append

appendix, appended, appends, appending, appendices, appendixes
appendix,appendix

appreciate
欣赏

appreciable, appreciably, appreciated, appreciates, appreciating, appreciation, unappreciated
appreciate,appreciably,appreciated,appreciateunappreciated

approach
方法

approachable, approached, approaches, approaching, unapproachable
可接近的,不可接近的

appropriate
适当

appropriacy, appropriately, appropriateness, inappropriacy, inappropriate, inappropriately
适当的,适当的,不适当的,不适当的

approximate
近似

approximated, approximately, approximates, approximating, approximation, approximations
近似的,近似的

arbitrary
任意

arbitrariness, arbitrarily
任意的,武断的

area
区域

areas
地区

aspect
方面

aspects
方面

assemble
组装

assembled, assembles, assemblies, assembling, assembly
组装,装配,装配,装配,装配

assess
评估

assessable, assessed, assesses, assessing, assessment, assessments, reassess, reassessed, reassessing, reassessment, unassessed
可评估的、评估、重新评估的、未评估的

assign
分配

assigned, assigning, assignment, assignments, assigns, reassign, reassigned, reassigning, reassigns, unassigned
已分配,重新分配,未分配

assist
协助

assistance, assistant, assistants, assisted, assisting, assists, unassisted
协助,无协助

assume
假设

assumed, assumes, assuming, assumption, assumptions
假设,假设,假设,假设

assure
保证

assurance, assurances, assured, assuredly, assures, assuring
保证,保证,保证,保证,保证

attach
附着

attached, attaches, attaching, attachment, attachments, unattached
attached,attached,attaching,attachment,attachments,unattached

attain
实现

attainable, attained, attaining, attainment, attainments, attains, unattainable
reachablereachable

attitude
态度

attitudes
态度

attribute
属性

attributable, attributed, attributes, attributing, attribution
归因归因

author
作者

authored, authoring, authors, authorship
作者,作者,作者

authority
权威

authoritative, authorities
权威的,权威

automate
自动化

automatic, automated, automates, automating, automatically, automation
自动的,自动化

available
可用

availability, unavailable
可用性,不可用

aware
意识

awareness, unaware
意识,不知道

behalf
代表

 

benefit
受益

beneficial, beneficiary, beneficiaries, benefited, benefiting, benefits
受益人,受益人,受益人

bias
偏置

biased, biases, biasing, unbiased
有偏见的,无偏见的

bond
债券

bonded, bonding, bonds
粘合,粘合,粘合

brief
简要

brevity, briefed, briefing, briefly, briefs
简短,简要

bulk
散装

bulky
笨重

capable
能够

capabilities, capability, incapable
能力,能力,能力

capacity
能力

capacities, incapacitate, incapacitated
capacities,capacitate,capacitated

category
类别

categories, categorization, categorize, categorized, categorizes, categorizing, categorizing
分类,归类,归类

cease
停止

ceased, ceaseless, ceases, ceasing
停止,停止,停止

challenge
挑战

challenged, challenger, challengers, challenges, challenging
挑战者,挑战者,挑战,挑战

channel
信道

channelled, channelling, channels
channeled,channeling,channels

chapter

chapters

chart
图表

charted, charting, charts, uncharted
Charted,charting,charts,uncharted

chemical
化学

chemically, chemicals
化学,化学

circumstance
情况

circumstances
情况

cite
引用

citation, citations, cited, citing, cites
引用引用

civil
民间

 

clarify
澄清

clarification, clarified, clarifies, clarifying, clarity
澄清,澄清

classic
经典

classical, classics
古典的,古典的

clause
条款

clauses
条款

code
代码

coded, codes, coding
编码,编码,编码

coherent
相干

coherence, coherently, incoherent, incoherently
coherently,coherently,inconcoherently

coincide
重合

coincided, coincides, coinciding, coincidence, coincidences, coincident, coincidental
巧合,巧合

collapse
崩溃

collapsed, collapses, collapsible, collapsing
倒塌,倒塌

colleague
同事

colleagues
同事

commence
开始

commenced, commences, commencement, commencing, recommences, recommenced, recommencing
开始,重新开始

comment
评论

commentaries, commentary, commentator, commentators, commented, commenting, comments
评论,评论,评论员,评论

commission
委员会

commissioned, commissioner, commissioners, commissioning, commissions
委托,专员,专员,委托,佣金

commit
承诺

commitment, commitments, commits, committed, committing
承诺,承诺,承诺,承诺,承诺

commodity
商品

commodities
商品

communicate
通信

communicable, communicated, communicates, communicating, communication, communications, communicative, communicatively, uncommunicative
communicate,communicated,communicates,communicating,communication,communication,communicating,communicating,communicating,communicating,uncommunicating

community
社区

communities
社区

compatible
兼容

compatibility, incompatibility, incompatible
兼容性,不兼容性,不兼容

compensate
补偿

compensated, compensates, compensating, compensation, compensations, compensatory
补偿的,补偿

compile
编译

compilation, compilations, compiled, compiles, compiling
编译编译

complement
补充

complementary, complemented, complementing, complements
互补的,补充的,补充的

complex
复杂

complexities, complexity
复杂,复杂

component
组件

componentry, components
组件

compound
化合物

compounded, compounding, compounds
复合的,复合的,复合物

comprehensive
全面

comprehensively
全面

comprise
包括

comprised, comprises, comprising
包括,包括,包括

compute
计算

computation, computational, computations, computable, computer, computed, computerized, computers, computing
计算,可计算的,计算机,计算的,计算机化的,计算机,计算

conceive
怀孕

conceivable, conceivably, conceived, conceives, conceiving, inconceivable, inconceivably
considerably,considerably,considerably,inconsiderably,inconsiderably,inconsiderably

concentrate
浓缩物

concentrated, concentrates, concentrating, concentration
浓缩,浓缩

concept
概念

conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualization, conceptualize, conceptualized, conceptualizes, conceptualizing, conceptually
概念,概念化,概念

conclude
缔结

concluded, concludes, concluding, conclusion, conclusions, conclusive, conclusively, inconclusive, inconclusively
结论,结论性,决定性的,非决定性的

concurrent
并发

concurrently
同时

conduct
进行

conducted, conducting, conducts
进行,进行,进行

confer
赋予

conference, conferences, conferred, conferring, confers
会议,会议,授予

confine
限制

confined, confines, confining, unconfined
受限制的,不受限制的

confirm
确认

confirmation, confirmed, confirming, confirms
确认确认

conflict
冲突

conflicted, conflicting, conflicts
冲突,冲突,冲突

conform
符合

conformable, conformability, conformance, conformation, conformed, conforming, conformist, conformists, conformity, conforms, nonconformist, nonconformists, nonconformity, non-conformist, non-conformists, non-conformity
conformable,conformability,conformity,conformable,conformist,conformists,conformity,conforms,non-conformist,non-conformists,non-conformity,non-conformists,non-conformists,non-conformity

consent
同意

consensus, consented, consenting, consents
consensus,consensus

consequent
随之

consequence, consequences, consequently
后果,后果,后果

considerable
相当大

considerably
大大

consist
组成

consisted, consistency, consistent, consistently, consisting, consists, inconsistencies, inconsistency, inconsistent
组成,一致性,一致,一致,组成,组成,不一致

constant
恒定

constancy, constantly, constants, inconstancy, inconstantly
constancy,constantly,constantly,inconstantly,inconstantly

constitute
构成

constituencies, constituency, constituent, constituents, constituted, constitutes, constituting, constitution, constitutions, constitutional, constitutionally, constitutive, unconstitutional
constitutional,unconstitutional,constitutional,constit

constrain
约束

constrained, constraining, constrains, constraint, constraints, unconstrained
约束,约束,无约束

construct
构建体

constructed, constructing, construction, constructions, constructive, constructs, reconstruct, reconstructed, reconstructing, reconstruction, reconstructs
构造的,构造的,重建的,重建的

consult
咨询

consultancy, consultant, consultants, consultation, consultations, consultative, consulted, consults, consulting
consultant,consultants,consultancy,consultations,consultants,consultations,consultative,consultants,consultations,consultative,consultant,consultants,consultant,consultations,consultative,consultant,consultants,consultant,consultants,consultation

consume
消耗

consumed, consumer, consumers, consumes, consuming, consumption
消费者,消费者

contact
接触

contactable, contacted, contacting, contacts
可联系的,联系的,联系的,联系人

contemporary
当代

contemporaries
同时代

context
上下文

contexts, contextual, contextualize, contextualized, contextualizing, uncontextualized
contextual,contextual,contextualize,contextualized,contextualizing,uncontextualiz艾德

contract
合同

contracted, contracting, contractor, contractors, contracts
承包商,合同

contradict
矛盾

contradicted, contradicting, contradiction, contradictions, contradictory, contradicts
矛盾的,矛盾的

contrary
相反

contrarily
相反

contrast
对比

contrasted, contrasting, contrastive, contrasts
对比,对比

contribute
贡献

contributed, contributes, contributing, contribution, contributions, contributor, contributors
贡献者,贡献者

controversy
争议

controversies, controversial, controversially, uncontroversial
争议,有争议的,有争议的,无争议的

convene
召开

convention, convenes, convened, convening, conventional, conventionally, conventions, unconventional
conventional,conventional

converse
匡威

conversely
相反

convert
转换

conversion, conversions, converted, convertible, converting, converts
转换,可转换,转换,转换

convince
说服

convinced, convinces, convincing, convincingly, unconvinced
convinced,convinced,convincing,convincingly,unconvinced

cooperate
合作

cooperated, cooperates, cooperating, cooperation, cooperative, cooperatively, co-operate, co-operated, co-operates, co-operation, co-operative, co-operatively
cooperated,cooperatingcooperative

coordinate
坐标

coordinated, coordinates, coordinating, coordination, coordinator, coordinators, co-ordinate, co-ordinated, co-ordinates, co-ordinating, co-ordination, co-ordinator, co-ordinators
协调的协调

core
核心

cores, coring, cored
岩心,取芯,有芯的

corporate
企业

corporates, corporation, corporations
公司,公司,公司

correspond
对应

corresponded, correspondence, corresponding, correspondingly, corresponds
对应的,对应的,对应的

couple

coupled, coupling, couples
耦合,耦合,耦合

create
创建

created, creates, creating, creation, creations, creative, creatively, creativity, creator, creators, recreate, recreated, recreates, recreating
创造的,创造性的,创造者,创造者,重新创造

credit
信用

credited, crediting, creditor, creditors, credits
贷记,贷方,债权人,债权人,贷项

criteria
标准

criterion
标准

crucial
关键

crucially
至关

culture
文化

cultural, culturally, cultured, cultures, uncultured
文化的,非文化的

currency
货币

currencies
货币

cycle
周期

cycled, cycles, cyclic, cyclical, cycling
循环的,循环的,循环的,循环的

data
数据

 

debate
辩论

debatable, debated, debates, debating
辩论,辩论,辩论

decade
十年

decades
几十年

decline
下降

declined, declines, declining
下降,下降,下降

deduce
推断

deduced, deduces, deducing, deduction, deductions
演绎演绎

define
定义

definable, defined, defines, defining, definition, definitions, redefine, redefined, redefines, redefining, undefined
definable,defined,defines,definingdefinition,definitions,definition

definite
明确

definitely, definitive, indefinite, indefinitely
明确的,不确定的,不确定的

demonstrate
证明

demonstrable, demonstrably, demonstrated, demonstrates, demonstrating, demonstration, demonstrations, demonstrative, demonstratively, demonstrator, demonstrators
可证明的,可证明的

denote
表示

denotation, denotations, denoted, denotes, denoting
表示,表示

deny
否认

deniable, denial, denials, denied, denies, denying, undeniable
否认,否认

depress
压低

depressed, depresses, depressing, depression
沮丧,沮丧

derive
导出

derivation, derivations, derivative, derivatives, derived, derives, deriving
推导,推导,推导

design
设计

designed, designer, designers, designing, designs
设计,设计师,设计师,设计,设计

despite
尽管

 

detect
检测

detectable, detected, detecting, detection, detective, detectives, detector, detectors, detects
可检测的,可检测的

deviate
偏离

deviated, deviates, deviating, deviation, deviations
偏离偏离

device
装置

devices
设备

devote
投入

devoted, devotedly, devotes, devoting, devotion, devotions
奉献,奉献

differentiate
区分

differentiated, differentiates, differentiating, differentiation
分化,分化

dimension
尺寸

dimensional, dimensions, multidimensional
多维

diminish
减少

diminished, diminishes, diminishing, diminution, undiminished
减少的,不减少的

discrete
离散

discretely, discretion, discretionary, indiscrete, indiscretion
discrete,discretion,discretion,discretion,discretion

discriminate
歧视

discriminated, discriminates, discriminating, discrimination
歧视,歧视,歧视

displace
取代

displaced, displacement, displaces, displacing
位移位移

display
显示

displayed, displaying, displays
显示,显示,显示

dispose
处置

disposable, disposal, disposed, disposes, disposing
disposabledisposable

distinct
不同

distinction, distinctions, distinctive, distinctively, distinctly, indistinct, indistinctly
区别,区别,独特的,独特的,明显的,明显的,模糊的,模糊的

distort
扭曲

distorted, distorting, distortion, distortions, distorts
扭曲的,扭曲的,扭曲的,扭曲的

distribute
分发

distributed, distributing, distribution, distributional, distributions, distributive, distributor, distributors, redistribute, redistributed, redistributes, redistributing, redistribution
distributed,distributor,distributors,redistributor

diverse
多样化

diversely, diversification, diversified, diversifies, diversify, diversifying, diversity
多样化,多样化

document
文件

documentation, documented, documenting, documents
文档,记录,文档,文档

domain

domains

domestic
国内

domestically, domesticate, domesticated, domesticating, domestics
驯化的,驯化的

dominate
主导

dominance, dominant, dominated, dominates, dominating, domination
支配支配

draft
草案

drafted, drafting, drafts, redraft, redrafted, redrafting, redrafts
起草,起草,草稿,重新起草

drama
戏剧

dramas, dramatic, dramatically, dramatize, dramatized, dramatizing, dramatizes, dramatization, dramatizations, dramatist, dramatists, dramatization, dramatizations, dramatizing
dramatic,dramatized,dramatizing,dramatizes,dramatization,dramatizing

duration
持续时间

 

dynamic
动态

dynamically, dynamics
动态的,动态的

economy
经济

economic, economical, economically, economics, economies, economist, economists, uneconomical
经济的,经济学的,经济学家,不经济的

edit
编辑

edited, editing, edition, editions, editor, editorial, editorials, editors, edits
edited,editing,edition,editions,editor,editorial,editorials,editors,editions,编辑,编辑

element
元件

elements
元件

eliminate
消除

eliminated, eliminates, eliminating, elimination
消除,消除

emerge
出现

emerged, emergence, emergent, emerges, emerging
出现,出现,涌现

emphasis
重点

emphasize, emphasized, emphasizing, emphatic, emphatically
强调,强调

empirical
实证

empirically, empiricism
经验主义

enable
使

enabled, enables, enabling
启用,启用,启用

encounter
遇到

encountered, encountering, encounters
遭遇,遭遇,遭遇

energy
能源

energetic, energetically, energies
精力充沛,精力充沛,精力充沛

enforce
执行

enforced, enforcement, enforces, enforcing
强制执行,强制执行,强制执行

enhance
增强

enhanced, enhancement, enhances, enhancing
增强,增强

enormous
巨大

enormity, enormously
巨大的,

ensure
确保

ensured, ensures, ensuring
确保,确保,确保

entity
实体

entities
实体

environment
环境

environmental, environmentalist, environmentalists, environmentally, environments
环境,环境保护主义者,环境,环境

equate
等同

equated, equates, equating, equation, equations
equated,equates,equating,equation,equations

equip
装备

equipment, equipped, equipping, equips
装备,装备,装备

equivalent
等效

equivalence
等价

erode
侵蚀

eroded, erodes, eroding, erosion
侵蚀,侵蚀

error
误差

erroneous, erroneously, errors
错误的,错误的,错误的

establish
建立

disestablish, disestablished, disestablishes, disestablishing, disestablishment, established, establishes, establishing, establishment, establishments
disestablished,disestablished,disestablishing,disestablishment,established,established,establishing,establishment,establishment,establishments

estate
地产

estates

estimate
估计

estimated, estimates, estimating, estimation, estimations, over-estimate, overestimate, overestimated, overestimates, overestimating, underestimate, underestimated, underestimates, underestimating
估计,估计,高估,低估,低估

ethic
伦理

ethical, ethically, ethics, unethical
道德的,道德上的,道德的,不道德的

ethnic
民族

ethnicity
族裔

evaluate
评价

evaluated, evaluates, evaluating, evaluation, evaluations, evaluative, re-evaluate, re-evaluated, re-evaluates, re-evaluating, re-evaluation
evaluated,evaluates,evaluation,evaluative,re-evaluate,re-evaluated,re-evaluate

eventual
最终

eventuality, eventually
最终

evident
明显

evidenced, evidence, evidential, evidently
evidence,evidence,evidence,evidence,evidence

evolve
进化

evolution, evolved, evolving, evolves, evolutionary, evolutionist, evolutionists
evolution,evolved,evolving,evolved

exceed
超过

exceeded, exceeding, exceeds
超越,超越,超越

exclude
排除

excluded, excludes, excluding, exclusion, exclusionary, exclusionist, exclusions, exclusive, exclusively
排除,排除

exhibit
表现出

exhibited, exhibiting, exhibition, exhibitions, exhibits
展览,展览

expand
扩大

expanded, expanding, expands, expansion, expansionism, expansive
膨胀膨胀主义,膨胀

expert
专家

expertise, expertly, experts
专家,专家,专家

explicit
显式

explicitly
明确

exploit
利用

exploitation, exploited, exploiting, exploits
剥削,剥削

export
出口

exported, exporter, exporters, exporting, exports
出口,出口商,出口商,出口,出口

expose
暴露

exposed, exposes, exposing, exposure, exposures
暴露暴露

external
外部

externalisation, externalise, externalised, externalises, externalising, externality
externalisation,externalises,externalising,externality

extract
提取物

extracted, extracting, extraction, extracts
提取,提取物

facilitate
促进

facilitated, facilitates, facilities, facilitating, facilitation, facilitator, facilitators, facility
便利的,促进的,促进者,促进者,设施

factor
因子

factored, factoring, factors
因子分解,因数

feature
特征

featured, features, featuring
特色,特色,特色

federal
联邦

federation, federations
联邦,联邦

fee

fees

file
文件

filed, files, filing
归档,归档,归档

final
最终

finalize, finalized, finalizes, finalizing, finality, finally, finals
finalize,finalized,finalizes,finalizing,finality,finally,finals

finance
金融

financed, finances, financial, financially, financier, financiers, financing
金融家,金融

finite
有限

infinite, infinitely
无限的,无限的

flexible
柔性

flexibility, inflexible, inflexibility
灵活

fluctuate
波动

fluctuated, fluctuates, fluctuating, fluctuation, fluctuations
波动,波动

focus
重点

focused, focuses, focusing, refocus, refocused, refocuses, refocusing
focused,focused

format
格式

formatted, formatting, formats
格式化,格式化,格式

formula

formulae, formulas, formulate, formulated, formulating, formulation, formulations, reformulate, reformulated, reformulating, reformulation, reformulations
公式,公式,公式

forthcoming
即将

 

found
发现

founded, founder, founders, founding, unfounded
founded,founder,founding

foundation
基础

foundations
基础

framework
框架

frameworks
框架

function
功能

functional, functionally, functioned, functioning, functions
功能性的,功能性的

fund
基金

funded, funder, funders, funding, funds
资金,资金,资金

fundamental
基本

fundamentally
根本上

furthermore
此外

 

gender
性别

genders
性别

generate
生成

generated, generates, generating
生成,生成,生成

generation
一代

generations

globe
地球仪

global, globally, globalize, globalization
global,globally,globalize全球化

goal
目标

goals
目标

grade

graded, grades, grading
分级,分级,分级

grant
格兰特

granted, granting, grants
授予,授予,赠款

guarantee
保证

guaranteed, guaranteeing, guarantees
担保,保证,保证

guideline
准则

guidelines
准则

hence
因此

 

hierarchy
层次结构

hierarchical, hierarchies
等级,层次

highlight
突出

highlighted, highlighting, highlights
高亮,高亮,高亮

hypothesis
假设

hypotheses, hypothesize, hypothesized, hypothesizes, hypothesizing, hypothetical, hypothetically
假设,假设,假设,假设,假设

identical
相同

identically
相同

identify
识别

identifiable, identification, identified, identifies, identifying, identities, identity, unidentifiable
可识别的,识别,识别,识别,身份,身份,不可识别的

ideology
思想

ideological, ideologically, ideologies
意识形态,意识形态,意识形态

ignorant
无知

ignorance, ignore, ignored, ignores, ignoring
忽略,忽略,忽略,忽略,忽略

illustrate
示出

illustrated, illustrates, illustrating, illustration, illustrations, illustrative
说明,说明

image
图像

imagery, images
图像,图像

immigrate
移民

immigrant, immigrants, immigrated, immigrates, immigrating, immigration
移民,移民

impact
影响

impacted, impacting, impacts
影响,影响,影响

implement
实施

implementation, implemented, implementing, implements
执行,执行

implicate
牵连

implicated, implicates, implicating, implication, implications
暗示,暗示

implicit
隐式

implicitly
隐式

imply
意味

implied, implies, implying
暗示,暗示,暗示

impose
征收

imposed, imposes, imposing, imposition
强加的,强加的,强加的,强加的

incentive
激励

incentives
激励

incidence
发生率

incident, incidentally, incidents
偶然偶然,偶然

incline
倾斜

inclination, inclinations, inclined, inclines, inclining
倾斜倾斜

income
收入

incomes
收入

incorporate
纳入

incorporated, incorporates, incorporating, incorporation
合并,合并

index
指数

indexed, indexes, indexing
索引,索引,索引

indicate
指示

indicated, indicates, indicating, indication, indications, indicative, indicator, indicators
指示,指示,指示符,指示符

individual
个人

individualized, individuality, individualism, individualist, individualists, individualistic, individually, individuals
individualized,individualism,individualist,individualists,individualist,individualist,individualists,individuals,individuals

induce
诱导

induced, induces, inducing, induction
诱导,诱导

inevitable
必然

inevitability, inevitably
不可避免,不可避免

infer
推断

inference, inferences, inferred, inferring, infers
推理,推论,推断

infrastructure
基础设施

infrastructures
基础设施

inherent
固有

inherently
固有

inhibit
抑制

inhibited, inhibiting, inhibition, inhibitions, inhibits
抑制抑制

initial
初始

initially
最初

initiate
发起

initiated, initiates, initiating, initiation, initiations, initiative, initiatives, initiator, initiators
initiated,initiates,initiation,initiatives

injure
伤害

injured, injures, injuries, injuring, injury, uninjured
受伤的,未受伤的

innovate
创新

innovation, innovated, innovates, innovating, innovations, innovative, innovator, innovators
创新,创新者,创新者

input
输入

inputs
输入

insert
插入

inserted, inserting, insertion, inserts
插入,插入

insight
洞察力

insightful, insights
洞察力,洞察力

inspect
检查

inspected, inspecting, inspection, inspections, inspector, inspectors, inspects
检查,检查,检查

instance
例如

instances
实例

institute
研究所

instituted, institutes, instituting, institution, institutional, institutionalize, institutionalized, institutionalizes, institutionalizing, institutionally, institutions
instituted,institutes,instituting,institutional

instruct
指示

instruction, instructed, instructing, instructions, instructive, instructor, instructors, instructs
指示,指示,指导,指示,指导,指导者,指导者,指导

integral
积分

 

integrate
整合

integrated, integrates, integrating, integration
整合,整合

integrity
完整性

 

intelligent
智能

intelligence, intelligently, unintelligent
聪明,聪明,不聪明

intense
激烈

intensely, intenseness, intensification, intensified, intensifies, intensify, intensifying, intension, intensity, intensive, intensively
强烈的,强烈的

interact
交互

interacted, interacting, interaction, interactions, interactive, interactively, interacts
交互式的,交互式的

intermediate
中间

 

internal
内部

internalize, internalized, internalizes, internalizing, internally
internalized,internalized

interpret
解释

interpretation, interpretations, interpretative, interpreted, interpreting, interpretive, interprets, misinterpret, misinterpretation, misinterpretations, misinterpreted, misinterpreting, misinterprets, reinterpret, reinterpreted, reinterprets, reinterpreting, reinterpretation, reinterpretations
解释,误解,重新解释,重新

interval
间隔

intervals
间隔

intervene
干预

intervened, intervenes, intervening, intervention, interventions
干预干预

intrinsic
内在

intrinsically
本质

invest
投资

invested, investing, investment, investments, investor, investors, invests, reinvest, reinvested, reinvesting, reinvestment, reinvests
invested,investing,investment,investments,investors,invests,reinvest,reinvested,reinvestment

investigate
探讨

investigated, investigates, investigating, investigation, investigations, investigative, investigator, investigators
调查调查

invoke
调用

invoked, invokes, invoking
调用,调用,调用

involve
涉及

involved, involvement, involves, involving, uninvolved
涉及,不涉及

isolate
隔离

isolated, isolates, isolating, isolation, isolationism
孤立的,孤立主义

issue
问题

issued, issues, issuing
发行,发行,发行

item
项目

itemization, itemize, itemized, itemizes, itemizing, items
详细说明,项目

job
工作

jobs
工作

journal
杂志

journals
期刊

justify
证明

justifiable, justifiably, justification, justifications, justified, justifies, justifying, unjustified
正当的,不正当的

label
标签

labelled, labelling, labels
标签,标签,标签

labour
劳工

laboured, labouring, labours
劳动,劳动,劳动

layer

layered, layering, layers
分层,分层,层

lecture
讲座

lectured, lecturer, lecturers, lectures, lecturing
演讲者,演讲者,演讲,演讲

legal
法律的

illegal, illegality, illegally, legality, legally
非法的,合法的,合法的

legislate
立法

legislated, legislates, legislating, legislation, legislative, legislator, legislators, legislature
立法,立法,立法者,立法

levy
征收

levies
征费

liberal
自由

liberalize, liberalism, liberalization, liberalized, liberalizes, liberalizing, liberalization, liberate, liberated, liberates, liberation, liberations, liberating, liberator, liberators, liberally, liberals
liberalizeliberalism,liberalization,liberalized,liberalizes,liberalizing,liberalization,liberalize,liberallies,liber

licence
牌照

licences, license, licensed, licensing, licenses, unlicensed
licenses,license,licensed,licensing,licenses,unlicensed

likewise
同样

 

link
链路

linkage, linkages, linked, linking, links
链接,链接

locate
定位

located, locating, location, locations, relocate, relocated, relocates, relocating, relocation
located,locating,location,locations,relocate,relocated,relocate,relocation,relocate

logic
逻辑

illogical, illogically, logical, logically, logician, logicians
不合逻辑的,不合逻辑的,逻辑学家,逻辑学家

maintain
保持

maintained, maintaining, maintains, maintenance
维护,维护

major
主要

majorities, majority
多数,多数

manipulate
操纵

manipulated, manipulates, manipulating, manipulation, manipulations, manipulative
操纵操纵

manual
手动

manually, manuals
手动,手册

margin
保证金

marginal, marginally, margins
边际,边际,边际

mature
成熟

immature, immaturity, maturation, maturational, matured, matures, maturing, maturity
不成熟的,不成熟的,成熟的

maximize
最大

max, maximized, maximizes, maximizing, maximization, maximum
最大化,最大

mechanism
机制

mechanisms
机制

media
媒体

 

mediate
介导

mediated, mediates, mediating, mediation
调解,调解

medical
医疗

medically
医学上

medium
介质

 

mental
心理

mentality, mentally
精神上,精神上

method
方法

methodical, methodological, methodologies, methodology, methods
方法论的,方法论的,方法论的

migrate
迁移

migrant, migrants, migrated, migrates, migrating, migration, migrations, migratory
migrant,migrantsmigrant

military
军事

 

minimal
最小

minimalisation, minimalise, minimalises, minimalised, minimalising, minimalist, minimalists, minimalistic, minimally
minimalisation,minimalises,minimalises,minimalised,minimalising,minimalist,minimalists,minimalists

minimize
尽量减少

minimized, minimizes, minimizing
最小化,最小化,最小化

minimum
最小

 

ministry

ministered, ministering, ministerial, ministries
ministering,ministering,ministering,ministering,ministers

minor
轻微

minorities, minority, minors
minorities,minorities,minorities

mode
模式

modes
模式

modify
修改

modification, modifications, modified, modifies, modifying, unmodified
修改修改

monitor
监测

monitored, monitoring, monitors, unmonitored
监视,未监视

motive
动机

motivate, motivated, motivates, motivating, motivation, motivations, motives, unmotivated
激励,动机,无动机

mutual
相互

mutually
相互

negate
否定

negative, negated, negates, negating, negatively, negatives
否定,否定

network
网络

networked, networking, networks
网络,网络,网络

neutral
中性

neutralization, neutralize, neutralized, neutralizes, neutralizing, neutrality
中和,中和

nevertheless
然而

 

nonetheless
尽管如此

 

norm
规范

norms
规范

normal
正常

abnormal, abnormally, normalization, normalize, normalized, normalizes, normalizing, normality, normally
normalized,normalizes,normalized,normalization,normalized

notion
概念

notions
概念

notwithstanding
尽管

 

nuclear

 

objective
目的

objectively, objectivity
客观,客观

obtain
获得

obtainable, obtained, obtaining, obtains, unobtainable
可获得的,无法获得的

obvious
明显

obviously
显然

occupy
占据

occupancy, occupant, occupants, occupation,occupational, occupations, occupied, occupier, occupiers, occupies, occupying
占用,占用者,占用者,占领,职业,占领,占领者,占领者,占领,占领

occur
发生

occurred, occurrence, occurrences, occurring, occurs, reoccur, reoccurred, reoccurring, reoccurs
发生的,发生的,再发生的,再发生的

odd
奇怪

odds
赔率

offset
偏移

offsets, offsetting
偏移,偏移

ongoing
正在进行

 

option
选项

optional, options
可选,选项

orient
东方

orientate, orientated, orientates, orientation, orientating, oriented, orienting, orients, reorient, reorientation
定向,重新定向

outcome
结果

outcomes
成果

output
输出

outputs
输出

overall
整体

 

overlap
重叠

overlapped, overlapping, overlaps
重叠,重叠,重叠

overseas
海外

 

panel
面板

paneled, paneling, panels
镶板,镶板,面板

paradigm
范式

paradigms
范式

paragraph

paragraphing, paragraphs
分段,段落

parallel
平行

paralleled, parallels, unparalleled
平行的,平行的,无与伦比的

parameter
参数

parameters
参数

participate
参与

participant, participants, participated, participates, participating, participation, participatory
参与者,参与者

partner
伙伴

partners, partnership, partnerships
合作伙伴,伙伴关系,伙伴关系

passive
被动

passively, passivity
被动,被动

perceive
感知

perceived, perceives, perceiving, perception, perceptions
感知,感知

percent
百分

percentage, percentages
百分比,百分比

period
期间

periodic, periodical, periodically, periodicals, periods
定期的,周期性的,周期性的

persist
坚持

persisted, persistence, persistent, persistently, persisting, persists
persistent,persistent

perspective
透视

perspectives
观点

phase
相位

phased, phases, phasing
阶段,阶段,阶段

phenomenon
现象

phenomena, phenomenal
现象,现象

philosophy
哲学

philosopher, philosophers, philosophical, philosophically, philosophies, philosophize, philosophized, philosophizes, philosophizing
philosopher,philosophers,philosophical,philosophically,philosophies,philosophize,philosophized,philosophizes,philosophizing

physical
物理

physically
物理

plus
加上

pluses
优缺点

policy
政策

policies
政策

portion
部分

portions
部分

pose
构成

posed, poses, posing
姿势摆姿势摆姿势

positive
积极

positively
积极

potential
潜在

potentially
潜在

practitioner
从业者

practitioners
从业者

precede
先于

preceded, precedence, precedent, precedes, preceding, unprecedented
preceding,previously

precise
精确

imprecise, precisely, precision
不精确的,不精确的,精确的

predict
诏书

predictability, predictable, predictably, predicted, predicting, prediction, predictions, predicts, unpredictability, unpredictable
可预测性,可预测的,可预测的,不可预测的,不可预测的

predominant
主要

predominance, predominantly, predominate, predominated, predominates, predominating
predominant,predominant,predominated,predominates,predominating

preliminary
初步

preliminaries
预赛

presume
假定

presumably, presumed, presumes, presuming, presumption, presumptions, presumptuous
presumably,presumably

previous
先前

previously
先前

primary
初级

primarily
主要

prime

primacy
首要地位

principal
主要

principally
主要

principle
原则

principled, principles, unprincipled
有原则的,原则的,无原则的

prior
之前

 

priority
优先

priorities, prioritization, prioritize, prioritized, prioritizes, prioritizing
优先,优先

proceed
进行

procedural, procedure, procedures, proceeded, proceeding, proceedings, proceeds
程序性的,程序性的,程序性的

process
过程

processed, processes, processing
加工,处理,加工

professional
专业

professionally, professionals, professionalism
专业,专业,专业

prohibit
禁止

prohibited, prohibiting, prohibition, prohibitions, prohibitive, prohibits
禁止的,禁止的

project
项目

projected, projecting, projection, projections, projects
预测,预测

promote
促进

promoted, promoter, promoters, promotes, promoting, promotion, promotions
晋升,晋升

proportion
比例

disproportion, disproportionate, disproportionately, proportional, proportionally, proportionate, proportionately, proportions
不成比例的,不相称的,不成比例的,不相称的,不相称的

prospect
前景

prospective, prospects
前景,展望

protocol
议定书

protocols
协议

psychology
心理学

psychological, psychologically, psychologist, psychologists
心理学,心理学,心理学家,心理学家

publication
出版物

publications
出版物

publish
发布

published, publisher, publishers, publishes, publishing, unpublished
published,publisher,publishers,published,published,未出版

purchase
购买

purchased, purchaser, purchasers, purchases, purchasing
购买,购买者,购买,购买

pursue
追求

pursued, pursues, pursuing, pursuit, pursuits
追求,追求

qualitative
定性

qualitatively
定性

quote
引用

quotation, quotations, quoted, quotes, quoting
报价,报价

radical
激进

radically, radicals
激进分子

random
随机

randomly, randomness
随机,随机

range
范围

ranged, ranges, ranging
范围,范围,范围

ratio

ratios
比率

rational
理性

irrational, rationalization, rationalizations, rationalize, rationalized, rationalizes, rationalizing, rationalism, rationality, rationally
合理化,合理化,

react
反应

reacted, reacts, reacting, reaction, reactionaries, reactionary, reactions, reactive, reactivate, reactivation, reactor, reactors
反应,再活化,再活化,反应器,反应器

recover
恢复

recoverable, recovered, recovering, recovers, recovery
可恢复的,可恢复的

refine
细化

refined, refinement, refinements, refines, refining
精炼,精炼

regime
政权

regimes
制度

region
区域

regional, regionally, regions
regional,regional,区域的,区域的

register
寄存器

deregister, deregistered, deregistering, deregisters, deregistration, registered, registering, registers, registration
撤销登记,撤销注册,撤销登记,撤销注册注册

regulate
调节

deregulated, deregulates, deregulating, deregulation, regulated, regulates, regulating, regulation, regulations, regulator, regulators, regulatory, unregulated
解除管制,管制,管制者,管制者,管制,不管制

reinforce
加强

reinforced, reinforcement, reinforcements, reinforces, reinforcing
加强的,增强的

reject
拒绝

rejected, rejecting, rejection, rejects, rejections
拒绝,拒绝

relax
放松

relaxation, relaxed, relaxes, relaxing
放松,放松

release
释放

released, releases, releasing
释放,释放,释放

relevant
相关

irrelevance, irrelevant, relevance
不相关,不相关,相关

reluctance
磁阻

reluctant, reluctantly
勉强的,勉强的

rely
依赖

reliability, reliable, reliably, reliance, reliant, relied, relies, relying, unreliable
reliability,reliable

remove
去除

removable, removal, removals, removed, removes, removing
removable,removal,removals,removable,removable,removable,removable

require
需要

required, requirement, requirements, requires, requiring
需要的,要求

research
研究

researched, researcher, researchers, researches, researching
研究,研究

reside
驻留

resided, residence, resident, residential, residents, resides, residing
居住的,居住的

resolve
解决

resolution, resolved, resolves, resolving, unresolved
resolution,resolved,resolved,resolving,resolved,未解决的

resource
资源

resourced, resourceful, resources, resourcing, unresourceful, under-resourced
resourced,resourceful,resources,resourcing,unresourceful,under-resourced

respond
回应

responded, respondent, respondents, responding, responds, response, responses, responsive, responsiveness, unresponsive
responsible,responsible

restore
恢复

restoration, restored, restores, restoring
恢复,恢复

restrain
抑制

restrained, restraining, restrains, restraint, restraints, unrestrained
克制的,不受约束的

restrict
限制

restricted, restricting, restriction, restrictions, restrictive, restrictively, restricts, unrestricted, unrestrictive
限制性的,不受限制的,不受限制的

retain
保留

retained, retaining, retainer, retainers, retains, retention, retentive
保留的,保留的

reveal
揭示

revealed, revealing, reveals, revelation, revelations
启示,启示

revenue
收入

revenues
收入

reverse
反向

reversal, reversed, reverses, reversible, reversing, reversals, irreversible
逆转,可逆,逆转,逆转,不可逆

revise
修订

revised, revises, revising, revision, revisions
修订修订

revolution
革命

revolutionary, revolutionaries, revolutionize, revolutionized, revolutionizes, revolutionizing, revolutionist, revolutionists, revolutions
revolutionary,revolutionaries,revolutionized,revolutionized,revolutionizes,revolutionizing,revolutionist,revolutionists,revolutionary

rigid
刚性

rigidities, rigidity, rigidly
刚性,僵硬,僵硬

role
作用

roles
角色

route
路线

routed, routes, routing
路由,路由,路由

scenario
场景

scenarios
场景

schedule
附表

reschedule, rescheduled, reschedules, rescheduling, scheduled, schedules, scheduling, unscheduled
重新安排,已安排,计划,计划,未计划

scheme
方案

schematic, schematically, schemed, schemes, scheming
schematic,schematic,schemes,scheming

scope
范围

 

section
部分

sectioned, sectioning, sections
切片,切片,切片

sector
部门

sectors
部门

secure
安全

insecure, insecurities, insecurity, secured, securely, secures, securing, securities, security
不安全的,安全的,安全的

seek
寻求

seeking, seeks, sought
寻找,寻找,寻找

select
选择

selected, selecting, selection, selections, selective, selectively, selector, selectors, selects
selected,selecting,selection,selections,selective,selector,selectors,selects

sequence
序列

sequenced, sequences, sequencing, sequential, sequentially
排序的,顺序的

series
系列

 

sex

sexes, sexism, sexual, sexuality, sexually
sexes,sexism,sexual,sexuality,sexually

shift
移位

shifted, shifting, shifts
移动,移动,移动

significant
显著

insignificant, insignificantly, significance, significantly, signified, signifies, signify, signifying
不重要的,有意义的

similar
类似

dissimilar, similarities, similarity, similarly
相似,相似

simulate
模拟

simulated, simulates, simulating, simulation
模拟,模拟

site
网站

sites
网站

so-called
所谓

 

sole
鞋底

solely

somewhat
有些

 

source

sourced, sources, sourcing
来源,来源,来源

specific
具体

specifically, specification, specifications, specificity, specifics
specifically,specifications

specify
指定

specifiable, specified, specifies, specifying, unspecified
指定的,未指定的

sphere
球体

spheres, spherical, spherically
球体,球形的,球形地

stable
稳定

instability, stabilization, stabilize, stabilized, stabilizes, stabilizing, stability, unstable
不稳定,稳定,不稳定

statistic
统计

statistician, statisticians, statistical, statistically, statistics
统计学家,统计学家,统计学

status
地位

 

straightforward
直截了当

 

strategy
战略

strategic, strategies, strategically, strategist, strategists
战略,战略,战略家,战略家

stress
应力

stressed, stresses, stressful, stressing, unstressed
强调,不强调

structure
结构

restructure, restructured, restructures, restructuring, structural, structurally, structured, structures, structuring, unstructured
结构化,结构化,非结构化

style
风格

styled, styles, styling, stylish, stylize, stylized, stylizes, stylizing
风格化,样式,造型,时尚,风格化

submit
提交

submission, submissions, submits, submitted, submitting
提交提交

subordinate
下属

subordinates, subordination
从属关系

subsequent
后续

subsequently
随后

subsidy
补贴

subsidiary, subsidies, subsidize, subsidized, subsidizes, subsidizing
补贴,补贴

substitute
替代

substituted, substitutes, substituting, substitution
替代品,替代品,替代品

successor
继任者

succession, successions, successive, successively, successors
继承,继承

sufficient
足够

sufficiency, insufficient, insufficiently, sufficiently
充分,不充分,不充分

sum
总和

summation, summed, summing, sums
求和,求和

summary
总结

summaries, summarize, summarized, summarizes, summarizing, summarization, summarizations
总结,总结

supplement
补充

supplementary, supplemented, supplementing, supplements
补充的,补充的,补充的

survey
测量

surveyed, surveying, surveys
测量,测量,测量

survive
生存

survival, survived, survives, surviving, survivor, survivors
生存,幸存者,幸存者

suspend
暂停

suspended, suspending, suspends, suspension
暂停、暂停

sustain
维持

sustainable, sustainability, sustained, sustaining, sustains, sustenance, unsustainable
sustainable,sustainable

symbol
符号

symbolic, symbolically, symbolize, symbolizes, symbolized, symbolizing, symbolism, symbols
象征性的,象征性的

tape
磁带

taped, tapes, taping
录音,录音,录音

target
目标

targeted, targeting, targets
目标,目标,目标

task

tasks
任务

team
团队

teamed, teaming, teams
团队,团队,团队

technical
技术

technically
技术上

technique
技术

techniques
技术

technology
技术

technological, technologically
技术上的,技术上的

temporary
临时

temporarily
暂时

tense
紧张

tension, tensely, tenser, tensest, tensions
紧张,紧张

terminate
终止

terminal, terminals, terminated, terminates, terminating, termination, terminations
终端,终端,终止

text
文本

texts, textual
文本

theme
主题

themes, thematic, thematically
主题,主题,主题

theory
历史

theoretical, theoretically, theories, theorist, theorists
理论的,理论的,理论家,理论家

thereby
从而

 

thesis
论文

theses
论文

topic

topical, topics
topic,主题

trace
微量

traceable, traced, traces, tracing
可追踪的,可追踪的

tradition
传统

non-traditional, traditional, traditionalist, traditionally, traditions
非传统的,传统的,传统的

transfer
转移

transferable, transference, transferred, transferring, transfers
transferred,transference,transferred,transferred,transferred,transferred

transform
变换

transformation, transformations, transformed, transforming, transforms
transformation,transformations,transformed,transforming,transforms

transit
过境

transited, transiting, transition, transitional, transitions, transitory, transits
transitiated,transitional,transition,transitional

transmit
发送

transmission, transmissions, transmitted, transmitting, transmits
传输,传输

transport
运输

transportation, transported, transporter, transporters, transporting, transports
运输,运输,运输机,运输机,运输,运输

trend
趋势

trends
趋势

trigger
触发

triggered, triggering, triggers
触发,触发,触发

ultimate
终极

ultimately
最终

undergo
经历

undergoes, undergoing, undergone, underwent
经历,经历

underlie
代列

underlay, underlies, underlying
基础,基础,基础

undertake
承担

undertaken, undertakes, undertaking, undertook
承担,承担

uniform
均匀

uniformity, uniformly
一致性,一致性

unify
统一

unification, unified, unifies, unifying
统一统一

unique
独特

uniquely, uniqueness
独特的,独特的

utilize
利用

utilisation, utilised, utilises, utilising, utiliser, utilisers, utility, utilities
利用,利用者,利用者,效用,效用

valid
有效

invalidate, invalidity, validate, validated, validating, validation, validity, validly
无效,无效,有效

vary
变化

invariable, invariably, variability, variable, variables, variably, variance, variant, variants, variation, variations, varied, varies, varying
不变的,不变的,可变的,可变的,变化

vehicle
车辆

vehicles
车辆

version
锡永

versions
版本

via
经由

 

violate
违反

violated, violates, violating, violation, violations
违反违反

virtual
虚拟

virtually
几乎

visible
可见

visibility, visibly, invisible, invisibility
visibility,visibly,invisible,invisibility

vision
愿景

visions
愿景

visual
视觉

visualize, visualizes, visualized, visualizing, visualization, visually
视觉化,形象化,形象化

volume
体积

volumes, vol.

voluntary
自愿

voluntarily, volunteer, volunteering, volunteered, volunteers
志愿者,志愿者

welfare
福利

 

whereas

 

whereby
由此

 

widespread
广泛