阅 读 专 题 3 0

第 一 篇

Conversational Ball Games
对话球类游戏

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Language is a mirror,in front of wbich culture is reflected.Do you agree with this?Wbat is tbe relationsbip between language and culture?
语言是一面镜子，反映出文化是一面镜子你同意这一点吗？语言和文化之间有什么关系吗？

A)After I was married and had lived in Japan for a while,my Japanese gradually improved and I could take part in simple conversations with my husband and his friends and family.I began to notice that often,when I joined in,the others would look surprised,and the conversational topic would come to a halt.After this happened several times,it became clear to me that I was doing
A）结婚后，在日本生活了一段时间后，我的日语逐渐提高，我可以与我的丈夫和他的朋友和家人进行简单的交谈。我开始注意到，当我加入时，其他人经常会看起来很惊讶，谈话的话题会停止。在这种情况发生了几次之后，我清楚地知道我在做

something wrong.But for a long time,I didn't know what it was.
有些不对劲。但是很长一段时间，我都不知道那是什么。

B)Finally,after listening carefully to many Japanese conversations,I discovered what my problem was.Even though I was speaking Japanese,I was
B）最后，在仔细听了很多日语对话后，我发现了我的问题所在。即使我说的是日语，我也是

handling the conversation in a Western way.
以西方方式处理对话。

C)Japanese-style conversations develop quite differently from Western-style conversation.And the difference isn't only in the languages.I realized that just as I kept trying to hold Western-style conversations even when I was speaking Japanese,so my English students kept trying to hold Japanese-style conversations even when they were speaking English.We were unconsciously playing entirely
C）日式对话的发展与西式对话完全不同。区别不仅在于语言。我意识到，就像我在说日语时一直试图进行西式对话一样，我的英语学生即使在说英语时也一直在尝试进行日式对话，我们完全在不知不觉中玩

different conversational ball games.
不同的对话球类游戏。

D)A Western-style conversation between two people is like a game of tennis.
D）两个人之间的西式对话就像打网球一样。

If I introduce a topic,a conversational ball,I expect you to hit it back,if you agree with me.I don't expect you simply to agree and do nothing more.I expect you to add something-a reason for agreeing,another example,or an elaboration to carry the idea further.But I don't expect you always to agree.I am just as happy if you question me,or challenge me,or completely disagree with me.Whether you agree or disagree,your response will return the ball to me.And then it is my turn again.I don't serve a new ball from my original starting line.I hit your ball back again from where it has bounced.I carry your idea further,or answer your questions or objections,or challenge or question you.And so the ball goes back
如果我介绍一个话题，一个对话球，我希望你回击它，如果你同意我的观点。我不指望你只是同意而不做更多的事情。我希望你能添加一些东西——同意的理由、另一个例子或进一步推进这个想法的阐述。但我不希望你总是同意。如果你质疑我，或挑战我，或完全不同意我的观点，我也同样高兴。不管你同意还是不同意，你的回答都会把球还给我。然后又轮到我了。我不会从原来的起跑线上发新球。我又把你的球从它反弹的地方击了回来。我进一步提出你的想法，或回答你的问题或反对意见，或挑战或质疑你。于是球又回来了

and forth.
和之后。

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E)If there are more than two people in the conversation,then it is like doubles in tennis,or like volleyball.There's no waiting in line.Whoever is neatest and quickest hits the ball,and if you step back,someone else will hit it.No one
E）如果谈话中有两个以上的人，那么这就像网球中的双打，或者排球。无需排队等候。谁打得最整齐、最快，谁就击球，如果你后退一步，别人就会击球。没人

stops the game to give you a turn.You're responsible for taking your own turn.
停止游戏给你一个回合。你有责任轮到你自己。

F)But whether it's two players or a group,everyone does his or her best to
F）但无论是两个玩家还是一个团队，每个人都会尽力而为。

keep the ball going,and no one person has the ball for very long.
保持球的前进，没有人有球的时间很长。

G)A Japanese-style conversation,however,is not at all like tennis or volleyball.It's like bowling.You wait for your turn.And you always know your place in line.It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger,a close friend or a relative stranger to the previous speaker,in a senior or junior
G）然而，日式谈话完全不像网球或排球。这就像保龄球。你等着轮到你。而且你总是知道自己在排队的位置。这取决于你是年长还是年轻，是前一位演讲者的密友还是相对陌生的人，是前辈还是后辈

position,and so on
位置，等等

H)When your turn comes,you step up to the starting line with your bowling ball and carefully bowl it.Everyone clse stands back and watches politely, murmuring encouragement.Everyone waits until the ball has reached the end of the alley and watches to see if it knocks down all the pins,or only some of them,
H）轮到你时，你拿着保龄球走到起跑线，小心翼翼地打保龄球。所有人都站在后面，礼貌地看着，喃喃自语地鼓励着。每个人都等到球到达小巷的尽头，观察它是否击倒了所有的销钉，或者只击倒了其中的一部分，

or none of them.There is a pause,while everyone records your score.
或者都不是。有一个停顿，而每个人都记录你的分数。

I)Then,after everyone is sure that you have completely finished your turn,
I）然后，在每个人都确定你已经完全完成了你的回合之后，

the next person in line steps up to the same starting line,with a different ball.He doesn't return your ball,and he does not begin from where your ball stopped. And there is always a suitable pause between turns.There is no rush,no scramble
下一个排队的人用不同的球走到同一条起跑线上。他不会回你的球，他也不会从你的球停下来的地方开始。转弯之间总是有适当的停顿。没有匆忙，没有争抢

for the ball. diiw
为了球。DIIW公司

J)No wonder everyone looked surprised when I took part in Japanese conversations.I paid no attention to whose turn it was and kept snatching the ball halfway down the alley and throwing it back at the bowler.Of course the
J）难怪当我参加日语对话时，每个人都看起来很惊讶。我没有注意轮到谁了，一直把球抢到球道的一半，然后把它扔回投球手。当然

conversation died.I was playing the wrong game. gs uox
谈话死了。我玩错了游戏。GS UOX公司

K)But if you have been trained all your life to play one game,it is no simple matter to change to another,even if you know the rules.Knowing the rules is not
K）但是，如果你一辈子都受过一种游戏的训练，那么即使你知道规则，也要换成另一种游戏，这可不是一件简单的事情。了解规则不是

at the same thing as playing the game. ido io znoilesup
和玩游戏一样。ido io znoilesup

L)Even now,during a conversation in Japanese,I will notice a surprised reaction and realize,though a bit too late,that once again I have rudely interrupted.It is no easier for me to “just listen”during a conversation than it is for my Japanese students to "just relax"when speaking with foreigners.Now I can truly sympathize with how hard they must find it to try to carry on a Western-style conversation.
L）即使是现在，在日语交谈中，我也会注意到一个惊讶的反应，并意识到，尽管为时已晚，我又一次粗鲁地打断了。对我来说，在谈话中“只是倾听”并不比我的日本学生在与外国人交谈时“放松”更容易。现在，我真的可以同情他们为了进行西式对话而付出的代价。

I.Choose the best answer to each of the following questions based on the information from the text
I.根据课文中的信息，对以下每个问题选择最佳答案

( )1.The main idea of this article is that
（ ）1.本文的主要思想是

A.people talk differently in Japan than in the West
A.日本人说话的方式与西方人不同

B.it's important to take part in conversations
B.参与对话很重要

C.it's difficult to have a conversation with someone from another
C.很难与另一个人交谈

country
国家

D.it's rude to interrupt someone who is speaking
D.打断正在说话的人是不礼貌的

()2.The writer makes use of all the following arguments except
（）2.作者使用了以下所有论据，但

A.Japanese-style conversations are like bowling
A.日式对话就像打保龄球

B.in Western-style conversations,you do not need wait your turn to speak B es 9nob
B.in 西式对话，你不需要等待轮到你说B es 9nob

luow C.in Japanese-style conversations,you must wait your turn to speak
C.in 日式对话，必须等待轮到你说话

故范 D.Western-style conversations are longer than Japanese-style
故范 D.西式对话比日式对话长

conversations
对话

() 3.We know from the passage that the writer
（） 3.我们从这段经文中知道，作者

A.was born in Japan
A.出生于日本

B.is a teacher nsvd .E
B.is 老师 nsvd .E

C.no longer lives in Japan
C.no 日本的寿命更长

D.is an athlete
D.is 运动员

( )4.To show the differences in rules of conversation of languages with different cultures,the writer compares conversations to
（ ）4.To 展示了不同文化语言的对话规则的差异，作者将对话比作

A.tennis rules
A.网球规则

B.rules of politeness
B.礼貌规则

C.various ball games
C.各种球类运动

D.volleyball rules
D.排球规则

()5.The reason why the writer was unsuccessful in talking with her
（）5.作者与她交谈失败的原因

Japanese friends was that
日本朋友是那样的

A.she kept interrupting them
A.她不停地打断他们

B.she could not speak Japanese well
B.她不会说日语

C.she did not live in Japan long enough
C.她在日本生活的时间不够长

D.she did not know the rules of bowling sott
D.她不知道保龄球的规则

答 案 ：ADBCA

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第二篇

Street Food and Food Safety Standards in China
中国街头食品和食品安全标准

A)Everyone has been horrified by the increasing number of food scandals and we all know that eating food from unregulated street sellers is fraught with dangers,yet we keep doing it.The risks have done little to diminish the allure of a spiced lamb shashlik.Street food is more than just a way to fill one's stomach in China;it is an important part of the food culture.Amidst the towering skyscrapers and roaring traffic,a bite into a steaming hot fritter from a street stall is a sure way to be transported back into an era where bus conductors dispensed change and allowed boarding and alighting almost anywhere.Street food vendors continue
答：每个人都对越来越多的食品丑闻感到震惊，我们都知道吃不受监管的街头小贩的食物充满了危险，但我们仍在继续这样做。这些风险并没有削弱五香羊肉烤肉串的吸引力。在中国，街头小吃不仅仅是一种填饱肚子的方式;它是饮食文化的重要组成部分。在高耸的摩天大楼和咆哮的交通中，从街边小摊上咬一口热气腾腾的油条，肯定会被带回一个公共汽车售票员分发零钱并允许几乎在任何地方上下车的时代。街头食品摊贩继续

despite city inspectors,food scandals and ever tighter restrictions getting in their
尽管城市检查员、食品丑闻和越来越严格的限制进入了他们的

way.
道路。

A profile of street food and their sellers
街头食品及其卖家简介

B)In a country as homogeneous as China,street food is just another of
B）在像中国这样同质化的国家，街头食品只是另一种

those things that can be found everywhere.While each province boasts of its own specialties,offerings are increasingly evened out as the population becomes more mobile.Barring exceptions like the French crepe-selling duo,most of the street vendors are migrants seeking livelihood in a big city.Their stall is their rice bowl.
那些随处可见的东西。虽然每个省份都拥有自己的特色菜，但随着人口流动性的增加，产品越来越均匀。除了像法国绉纱销售二人组这样的例外，大多数街头小贩都是在大城市谋生的移民。他们的摊位就是他们的饭碗。

C)Threats to their business range from animal disease outbreaks to "over- zealous"city inspectors.The necessity to protect against these threats forges a creativity that outshines even Steve Jobs.For example,disease outbreaks like bird flu could drive a vendor to switch from a poultry-based product line to a tofu- based one overnight and vendors always seem to be one step ahead of the city
C）对其业务的威胁范围从动物疾病爆发到“过度热心”的城市检查员。例如，像禽流感这样的疾病爆发可能会促使供应商在一夜之间从家禽产品线转向豆腐产品线，而供应商似乎总是领先城市一步

inspector in identifying new stall locations.
检查员确定新的摊位位置。

noisɔol
嘈杂的

“Supervise,not ban”
“监督，而不是禁止”

D)In April,2017,Beijing enacted a new law regulating the peddling of street food.Vendors are required to obtain licenses and operate within fixed locations and at designated times and thus providing a basis for enforcement efforts. Violations attract a 500 RMB fine.This could be a welcome move for vendors,
D）2017年4月，北京颁布了新的街头食品兜售法。供应商必须获得许可证，并在固定地点和指定时间经营，从而为执法工作提供基础。违规者将被处以500元罚款。对于供应商来说，这可能是一个受欢迎的举动，

tired of having to flee from the city inspector.A similar law was passed in Shanghai
厌倦了不得不逃离城市检查员。上海也通过了类似的法律

in September,2017.
2017年9月。

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In Qingdao,they even took on the PLA and came out victorious.Not having the status of police oficers,their lack of constitutional backing unfortunately results in a force plagued by members with conduct bordering on the criminal.Tales of extortion and violence are not uncommon with extreme cases resulting in bloodshed or even death.Understandably,they enjoy little sympathy from the public.In some cities,like Shanghai,the city inspector has taken to enlisting volunteers to do the dirty work in an attempt to prevent riots by enraged on- lookers.This being said,there are also reports of street vendors hurling abuse at
在青岛，他们甚至与解放军交手，取得了胜利。不幸的是，由于缺乏宪法支持，他们缺乏宪法支持，导致一支部队受到成员的困扰，其行为接近罪犯。敲诈勒索和暴力的故事并不少见，极端案件导致流血甚至死亡。可以理解的是，他们很少得到公众的同情。在一些城市，如上海，城市检查员已经开始招募志愿者做肮脏的工作，以防止愤怒的旁观者发生骚乱。话虽如此，也有报道称街头小贩辱骂

or attacking city inspectors before any dispute has taken place.i
或在发生任何争议之前攻击城市检查员。

H)Currently,the city inspector's role is limited to policing street sellers' location and food safety is not taken into consideration.Should the regulation of street vendors come into effect,a certain degree of cooperation between the ciry
H）目前，城市督察的职责仅限于监管街头小贩的位置，而食品安全则不予考虑。如果对街头小贩的监管生效，企业之间有一定程度的合作

inspectors and food safety departments would be required.
将需要检查员和食品安全部门。

Underdog or aggressor
失败者或侵略者

I)Street vendors operate in an imperfect system and most come from marginalized backgrounds.Yet are they the hapless victims in every case?Street vendors have been known to make use of their fly-by-night status to cut corners; anyone who has caught a whiff of heavily-recycled oil while passing a street stall can testify to this.In a particularly extreme case,a Chinese tourist in Beijing was
I）街头小贩的经营体系不完善，大多数来自边缘化背景。然而，他们是每起案件中不幸的受害者吗？众所周知，街头小贩会利用他们的夜间飞行状态来偷工减料;任何在路过街边摊位时闻到一股大量回收油的人都可以证明这一点。在一个特别极端的案例中，一名在北京的中国游客被

hospitalized for ingesting rat poison in"lamb skewers."Street vendors may not set
因在“羊肉串”中摄入老鼠药而住院。街头小贩不得设置

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大声学习

out to deliberately sell foods of questionable origins,yet they actually have little
故意出售来源可疑的食品，但实际上他们几乎没有什么

impetus to examine their food sources.
检查其食物来源的动力。

JD The allure of street food in China is indeed inexplicable and it is unlikely that vendors or the city inspectors will be going away anytime soon.While legislation of this industry is still in its infancy,adopt the buyer beware stance while partaking.Enjoy your favorite chive pancake or fried dumplings in moderation.Select stalls with healthy turnovers and discerning clientele,such as
JD：中国街头食品的诱惑力确实令人费解，小贩或城市检查员不太可能很快消失。虽然该行业的立法仍处于起步阶段，但买家在参与时要小心。适量享用您最喜欢的韭菜煎饼或煎饺。选择营业额健康、顾客挑剔的摊位，例如

those near universities.Locals suggest that stalls operated by married couples tend
那些靠近大学的人。当地人认为，已婚夫妇经营的摊位往往

to be more reliable as their products support an entire family.Engage your senses in observing the preparation process and stall hygiene before buying.While these measures may not be entirely foolproof,you can have your street food and eat it
更可靠，因为他们的产品支持整个家庭。在购买前，请用您的感官观察准备过程和摊位卫生。虽然这些措施可能不是完全万无一失的，但您可以吃街头小吃

in most situations. abesizurnp220g
在大多数情况下。阿贝西祖尔NP220G

I.Choose the best answer to each of the following questions based on the
I.根据以下每个问题选择最佳答案

information from the text.
来自文本的信息。

( )1.From the passage,we can know that the majority of the street
（ ）1.从通道中，我们可以知道大部分街道

vendors are
供应商是

A.local people B.migrants
A.本地人 B.移民

C.foreigners D.poor peopleInne Ⅱ
C.外国人 D.穷人Inne II.

p(o) 2.A new law enacted in April,2017,regulates that the vendors are
p（o） 2.2017年4月颁布的一项新法律规定，供应商是

required to
需要

A.obtain license
A.获取许可证

B.operate within fixed locations
B.在固定地点运营

C.operate at designated times
C.在指定时间操作

D.A,B and C
D.A、B 和 C

(a) 3.What is the attitude of the authorities towards street vendors?
（a） 3.当局对街头小贩的态度是什么？

A.They believe that the street food industry should be banned.
A.他们认为应该禁止街头食品行业。

B.They think that street vendors should exist without any restrictions.
B.他们认为街头小贩应该不受任何限制地存在。

C.They think that street food industry should not be banned,but
C.他们认为街头食品行业不应该被禁止，但

supervised.
监督。

D.They believe that the street vendors can be anywhere except in the
D.他们认为街头小贩可以在任何地方，除了在

center of the city.
市中心。

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答案： BDCCB

第 三 篇

Caring for the Elderly
照顾老人

Elderly care,or simply eldercare is the fulfillment of tbe special needs and requirements that are unique to senior citizens.Elderly care empbasizes tbe social and personal requirements of senior citizens wboneed some assistance with daily activities and bealth care,but who desire to age witb dignity.
老年护理或简单地说，老年护理是满足老年人特有的特殊需求和要求。养老服务满足了老年人的社会和个人需求，他们在日常活动和护理方面需要一些帮助，但希望有尊严地老去。

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Caring for the Elderly—Who Are They?
照顾老人——他们是谁？

A)Caring for the elderly is an important issue facing the baby-boomer generation,now approximately 45-65 years of age.Current statistics suggest that many of today's working force will live well beyond the expected limits of the past.The Federal Agency(联邦机构)and Forum(论坛)on Statistics projects that over twenty million seniors over the age of eighty-five will populate the United States by the year 2050.This is an increase of almost seventeen million seniors compared to the three million that were living in 2000.In the early 1900's,less than fve million Americans reached the age of sixty-five.As of 2005,almost forty
A）照顾老人是婴儿潮一代面临的一个重要问题，现在大约45-65岁。目前的统计数据表明，今天的许多劳动力将远远超过过去的预期极限。联邦机构（Federal Agency）和Forum（论坛）on Statistics预测，到2050年，美国将有超过2000万85岁以上的老年人，与1900年代初的300万老年人相比 2000.In，增加了近1700万老年人，不到500万美国人达到65岁截至2005年，快四十岁了

million men and women are attaining the age of sixty-five,and beyond.
100万男女年龄在65岁以上。

Caring for the Elderly—What is Involved?
照顾老人——涉及什么？

B)Caring for the elderly is mult-faceted and often emotionally difficult for the caregiver.It requires that forgiveness be freely given and old hurts be dealt with.The caregiver (often a son or daughter)must be the one who is able to "get over”emotional hurdles and move on with providing quality care for the aging parent.Issues unresolved during their vital and productive years are unlikely to
B）照顾老人是多方面的，对照顾者来说往往在情感上很困难。它要求自由地给予宽恕，并处理旧的伤害。照顾者（通常是儿子或女儿）必须是能够“克服”情感障碍并继续为年迈的父母提供优质护理的人。在他们重要和富有成效的岁月里未解决的问题不太可能得到解决

be confronted now by parents facing a myriad of issues related to growing older
现在，父母面临着无数与变老有关的问题.

Caring for the elderly often involves the following;
照顾老人通常涉及以下几点;

1.Provide a home;
1.提供家;

2.Offer legal help and support;
2.提供法律帮助和支持;

3.Help with financial responsibilities;
3.帮助承担财务责任;

4.Arrange resident nursing care;
4.安排住院医师护理;

5.Deal with mental health and medical issues related to aging such as
5.处理与衰老相关的心理健康和医疗问题，例如

dementia (痴呆),Alzheimer's,etc.;
痴呆（痴呆）、阿尔茨海默氏症等;

6.Meet their socialization needs;
6.满足他们的社交需求;

7.Help the elderly make decisions,including those about dying,i.e.living
7.帮助老年人做出决定，包括关于死亡的决定，即活着

wills,durable powers of attorney,etc
遗嘱持久授权书等.

C)How will you shoulder this enormous responsibility?wWill you be able to see beyond old hurts as you make necessary preparations to care for your aged parents?How will you help an elderly member of your family deal with declining health and aging issues while still maintaining respect and preserving dignity?
C）你将如何肩负起这个巨大的责任？当你为照顾年迈的父母做必要的准备时，你是否能够超越旧的伤害？您将如何帮助家中的老年人应对日益下降的健康和老龄化问题，同时仍然保持尊重和维护尊严？

How will you face the challenges of caring for the elderly?
您将如何面对照顾老人的挑战？

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Caring for the Elderly—Where Do You Turn?
照顾老人——你该去哪里？

D)My mom was diagnosed with a malignant (恶性的)brain tumor (肿 瘤)in June of 2005.Her doctors predicted she would live 1 year if she had radiation treatments or 2 months without the treatments.She finally chose the treatments.As her primary caregiver,I was responsible to see that she got to her radiation treatments and doctor's appointments regularly.I also fixed her meals and cleaned her house because she was not able to do so.My mother lost the ability to walk and the control of her right arm,so she relied on me for most daily tasks.In January,she had a stroke,which changed the remainder of her life.She was unable to get out of bed after that,so I fed her,changed her,bathed her,and did everything she needed.Other than on the weekend when my dad was home,I had sole responsibility for her needs.What advice would I give to people who are
D）我妈妈在2005年6月被诊断出患有恶性脑肿瘤（肿瘤），她的医生预测，如果她接受放射治疗，她将活1年，如果不接受治疗，她将活2个月。她最终选择了治疗方法。作为她的主要照顾者，我有责任确保她定期接受放射治疗和医生预约。我还帮她做饭，打扫她的房子，因为她做不到。我的母亲失去了走路的能力和对右臂的控制，所以她依靠我来完成大部分日常任务在一月份她中风了，这改变了她的余生，之后她无法下床，所以我喂她，给她换衣服，给她洗澡，做她需要的一切。除了周末我爸爸在家，我全权负责她的需求。我会给那些

taking on the role of caregiver?
扮演照顾者的角色？

E)If you are caring for a loved one with a terminal illness,I encourage you to
E）如果您正在照顾患有绝症的亲人，我鼓励您

call in Hospice.It is a wonderful organization and I found that they not only cared
call in Hospice.It 是一个很棒的组织，我发现他们不仅关心

for my mother,but also for our entire family.
为了我的母亲，也为了我们整个家庭。

F)Another important aspect of care-giving is to take a few days,when possible.Taking care of a loved one is a huge responsibility and you need a break from the demands.For seven months,I cared for my mom without much of a break.I don't advise you to do that.It is not only very difficult physically,but also
F）护理的另一个重要方面是尽可能花几天时间。照顾亲人是一项巨大的责任，您需要从这些要求中休息一下。七个月来，我照顾妈妈，没有太多休息。我不建议你这样做。这不仅在身体上非常困难，而且在

mentally and emotionally.
精神上和情感上。

G)Rely on God for strength.I relied on God to get through each day and I learned to take life one day at a time.As a caregiver,you never know what each new day will bring.There were days when I sat by mom's bed reading the Bible and praying because it gave us both some measure of comfort.When she could no longer communicate,I relied on God to translate what she was trying to tell me. All I could do was ask for understanding to know how to make her as comfortable
G）依靠上帝的力量。我依靠上帝度过每一天，我学会了一天一天地生活。作为照顾者，您永远不知道每一天会带来什么。有几天，我坐在妈妈的床边读圣经，祷告，因为圣经给了我们俩一些安慰。当她无法再沟通时，我依靠上帝来翻译她想告诉我的话。我所能做的就是请求理解，知道如何让她感到舒适

as possible.Without God,I could have never made it through.
尽可能。没有上帝，我永远无法度过难关。

H)Pray.At times,I couldn't pray more than "Oh God,help us!"God can be
H）Pray.At 次，我只能祈祷“哦，上帝，帮助我们！上帝可以

your refuge and strength too;all you have to do is ask.
也是你的避难所和力量;你所要做的就是问。

I)Concentrate on the eternal(永恒的事物).When mom passed away,I had peace because I knew she was in God's hands.I knew this because my mother had
I）专注于永恒的事物。当妈妈去世时，我得到了平安，因为我知道她在上帝的手中。我知道这一点，因为我母亲有

accepted Jesus'gift of salvation(救赎)
接受耶稣的救恩（救赎）

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JD Having gone through the rough season of care-giving,the best advice I can
JD：经历了艰难的护理季节，我能给出最好的建议

give is to let God be your all in all.He can get you through anything,no matter
给予就是让上帝成为你的一切。他可以让你度过任何难关，无论

how hard the task is.Just call out to Him.Only God can calm your anxiety and
任务有多难。只要呼唤他，只有上帝才能平息你的焦虑和

offer peace and assurance of life after death.
提供死后生命的平安和保证。

I.Choose the best answer to each of the following questions based on the
I.根据以下每个问题选择最佳答案

information from the text.
来自文本的信息。

()1.How many seniors over the age of eighty-five were living in 2000
（）1.2000年85岁以上的老年人有多少

according to the first paragraph?
根据第一段？

A.Twenty million
A.2000万

B.Seventeen million
B.一千七百万

C.Three million
约300万

D.Eighty-five million.
D.八千五百万。

()2.Caring for the elderly often involves all the following arguments
（）2.照顾老人往往涉及以下所有论点

except
除了

A.providing a home
A.提供一个家

B.helping with financial responsibilities
B.帮助承担财务责任

C.sending the elderly to the best hospital
C.送老人去最好的医院

D.helping the elderly make decisions
D.帮助老年人做决定

( )3.What's wrong with the author's mother?
（ ）3.作者的母亲怎么了？

A.She has got dementia.
A.她得了痴呆。

B.She has got a malignant brain tumor.
B.她得了恶性脑瘤。

C.She has got Alzheimer's.
C.她得了阿尔茨海默氏症。

D.She has broken her legs.
D.她摔断了腿。

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()4.What kind of job is taking care of a loved one?
（）4.照顾亲人是什么样的工作？

A.It is not only very difficult physically,but also mentally and
A.It 不仅在身体上非常困难，而且在精神上和

emotionally.
情绪。

B.It is only very physically difficult.
B.It 只是在身体上非常困难。

C.It is only very mentally difficult.
C.It 只是在精神上非常困难。

D.It is only very emotionally difficult.
D.It 只是在情感上非常困难。

()5.What can we infer about the author from the passage?
（）5.从这段话中，我们可以推断出作者的什么？

A.The author believes in God deeply.
A.作者深信神。

B.The author believes in medical science very much.
B.笔者非常相信医学。

C.The author relies on Hospice completely.
C.作者完全依赖临终关怀。

D.The author has many brothers and sisters to help.
D.作者有很多兄弟姐妹要帮忙。

答案： CCBAA

第四篇

AlphaGo Beats a Human Go Master
AlphaGo击败人类围棋大师

A)A computer program has beaten a master Go player 3-0 in a best-offive
A）计算机程序在五局三胜制中以 3-0 击败了围棋大师

competition,in what is seen as a landmark moment for artificial intelligence.
竞争，这被视为人工智能的里程碑时刻。

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Google's AlphaGo program was playing against Lee Se-dol in Seoul,in South Korea.Mr.Lee had been confident he would win before the competition started.
谷歌的AlphaGo项目在韩国首尔对阵李世石，李世石在比赛开始前就已经相信他会赢。

B)The Chinese board game is considered to be a much more complex challenge for a computer than chess."AlphaGo played consistently from beginning to the end while Lee,as he is only human,showed some mental vulnerability," one of Lee's former coaches,Kwon Kap-Yong,told the AFP news agency.Mr. Lee is considered a champion Go player,having won numerous professional tournaments in a long,successful career.
B）中国棋盘游戏被认为是比国际象棋更复杂的计算机挑战。AlphaGo从头到尾一直打下去，而李胜龙，因为他只是人类，表现出一些精神脆弱性，“李胜龙的前教练之一Kwon Kap-Yong告诉法新社新闻 agency.Mr。 李被认为是冠军围棋选手，在漫长而成功的职业生涯中赢得了许多职业比赛。

C)Go is a game of two players who take turns putting black or white stones on a 19-by-19 grid.Players win by taking control of the most territory on the board,which they achieve by surounding their opponent's pieces with their own.
C）围棋是两个玩家轮流在 19×19 网格上放置黑色或白色棋子的游戏。玩家通过控制棋盘上最多的领土来获胜，他们通过用自己的棋子包围对手的棋子来实现。

D)In the first game of the series,AlphaGo triumphed by a very narrow margin—Mr.Lee had led for most of the match,but AlphaGo managed to build up a strong lead in its closing stages.After losing the second match to DeepMind,Lee Se-dol said he was "speechless"adding that the AlphaGo machine played a "nearly perfect game."The two experts who provided commentary for the YouTube stream of the third game said that it had been a complicated match to follow.They said that Lee Se-dol had brought his "top game"but that AlphaGo had won “in great style.'
D）在系列赛的第一局中，AlphaGo以非常微弱的优势获胜——李先生在比赛的大部分时间里都领先，但AlphaGo在最后阶段建立了强大的领先优势。在第二场比赛输给DeepMind后，李世石说他“无言以对”，并补充说AlphaGo机器打了一场“近乎完美的比赛”。为第三场比赛的YouTube直播提供评论的两位专家表示，这是一场复杂的比赛。他们说李世石带来了他的“顶级游戏”，但AlphaGo“以出色的风格”获胜。

E)The AlphaGo system was developed by British computer company DeepMind which was bought by Google in 2014.It has built up its expertise by studying older games and teasing out patterns of play.And,according to DeepMind chief executive Demis Hassabis,it has also spent a lot of time just playing the game.“It played itself,different versions of itself,millions and millions of times and each time got incrementally slightly better—it learns from its mistakes,"he told the BBC before the matches started.
E）AlphaGo系统由英国计算机公司DeepMind开发，该公司于 2014.It 年被谷歌收购，该公司通过研究旧游戏和梳理游戏模式来积累专业知识。而且，根据 DeepMind 首席执行官 Demis Hassabis 的说法，它也花了很多时间玩游戏。它扮演自己，不同的版本，数百万次，每次都逐渐变得更好 - 它从错误中吸取教训，“他在比赛开始前告诉BBC。

F)This virtuous circle of constant improvement meant the super computer went into the five-match series stronger than when it beat the European champion late last year.
F）这种不断改进的良性循环意味着超级计算机进入五场比赛系列赛时比去年年底击败欧洲冠军时更强大。

G)Artificial Intelligence(Al)has firted with games since its beginnings, because only smart humans excel.Unlike the real world,a closed system of fixed rules suits computing
G）人工智能（Al）从一开始就与游戏打交道，因为只有聪明的人才能出类拔萃。与现实世界不同，固定规则的封闭系统适合计算.

H)Despite critical voices,Arthur Samuel's draughts playing program was an incredible achievement in 1959.Like AlpahGo it learned by playing itself repeatedly only many orders of magnitude slower.Then the goal posts moved. The critics said chess was beyond computing's capability because it needed human intuition and creativity.But then when good amateur challengers had to eat their words in the 1970s,the goal post shifted again.
H）尽管有批评的声音，但亚瑟·塞缪尔（Arthur Samuel）的草稿演奏程序在1959年取得了令人难以置信的成就，就像AlpahGo一样，它通过反复演奏自己来学习，只是慢了许多数量级。然后球门柱移动了。批评者说，国际象棋超出了计算的能力，因为它需要人类的直觉和创造力。但是，当优秀的业余挑战者在1970年代不得不吃下他们的话时，球门柱再次发生了变化。

D Critics claimed a horizon where computers might beat some professionals but certainly not grand masters.So,when IBM's Deep Blue supercomputer beat world champion Garry Kasparov in 1997,the world was astonished.But Deep Blue was not the human-like intelligence that the founding fathers of Al had hoped for.It won by brute force by searching through millions of moves in seconds.Humans have limited memory and need brilliant pattern perception and
D评论家声称，计算机可能会击败一些专业人士，但肯定不会击败大师。因此，当IBM的深蓝超级计算机在1997年击败世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫时，全世界都惊呆了。但深蓝并不是艾尔的创始人所希望的类人智能。它通过在几秒钟内搜索数百万个动作来赢得蛮力。人类的记忆力有限，需要出色的模式感知和

creative strategies to win.
取胜的创意策略。

D So,the crities turned to Go as the impossible.Even with today's vast computer memories and incredibly fast processors (which have doubled more than eight times since Deep Blue),the ancient game will not yield to brute force. The size of the search required for Go is larger than chess by more than the
D 于是，人们把围棋看作是不可能的。即使拥有今天庞大的计算机内存和令人难以置信的快速处理器（自深蓝以来已经翻了一番以上），古老的游戏也不会屈服于蛮力。围棋所需的搜索大小比国际象棋大

number of atoms in the universe.It is the holy grail of AI gaming
宇宙中的原子数量这是AI游戏的圣杯.

K)When Facebook announced earlier this year that their program had beaten a strong Go amateur,jaws dropped in the Al community-and fell to the floor that same day when Google's DeepMind genius team announced their AlphaGo beat
K）当Facebook今年早些时候宣布他们的程序击败了强大的围棋业余爱好者时，Al社区的惊掉了下巴 - 当谷歌的DeepMind天才团队宣布他们的AlphaGo击败时，同一天倒在了地板上

the European champion 5-0.
欧洲冠军5-0。

L)To beat one of the world's top players,Deep Mind used a mixture of clever strategies to make the search much smaller.They trained their machine on 30 million expert moves to start with,and then the learning machine played against
L）为了击败世界顶级玩家之一，Deep Mind使用了多种巧妙的策略来缩小搜索范围。他们首先训练他们的机器进行 3000 万次专家动作，然后学习机器与

itself millions of times.It worked-the holy grail is in the bag and the goal posts
本身数百万次。它奏效了——圣杯在袋子里，球门柱在里面

can shift no further.
不能再移动了。

M)Does this mean Al is now smarter than us and will kill us mere humans? Certainly not.AlphaGo doesn't care if it wins or loses.It doesn't even care if it plays and it certainly couldn't make you a cup of tea after the game.Does it mean
M）这是否意味着艾尔现在比我们更聪明，会杀死我们人类？当然不是。AlphaGo不在乎输赢。它甚至不在乎它是否上场，当然也不能在比赛结束后给你泡杯茶。这是否意味着

that Al will soon take your job?Possibly you should be more worried about that.
艾尔很快就会接替你的工作？也许你应该更担心这一点。

N)Go is thought to date back to several thousand years ago in China.Using black-and-white stones on a grid,players gain the upper hand by surrounding their opponent's pieces with their own.The rules are simpler than those of chess,but a player typically has a choice of 200 moves,compared with about 20 in chess—there are more possible positions in Go than atoms in the universe, according to DeepMind's team.It can be very difficult to determine who is winning,and many of the top human players rely on instinct.
N）围棋被认为可以追溯到几千年前的中国，使用网格上的黑白棋子，玩家通过用自己的棋子包围对手的棋子来占据上风。规则比国际象棋的规则简单，但棋手通常有200步棋的选择，而国际象棋中只有20步左右——根据DeepMind的团队的说法，围棋中可能的位置比宇宙中的原子还要多。确定谁是赢家可能非常困难，许多顶级人类玩家都依靠直觉。

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I.Choose the best answer to each of the following questions based on the
I.根据以下每个问题选择最佳答案

information from the text.
来自文本的信息。

( )1.The AlphaGo system was developed by
（ ）1.AlphaGo系统是由

A.DeepMind B.Google C.Alibaba D.Tencent
A.DeepMind B.谷歌 C.阿里巴巴 D.腾讯

( )2.AlphaGo beat the European champion
（ ）2.AlphaGo击败欧洲冠军

A.3-0 B.4-0 C.5-0 D.6-0

() 3.We know from the passage that the size of the search required for
（） 3.我们从这段话中知道，搜索的大小需要

Go is
围棋是

A.larger than chess
A.比国际象棋大

B.more than the number of atoms in the universe
B.超过宇宙中的原子数量

C.less than chess
C.小于国际象棋

D.both A and B
D.A和B都

()4.According to the passage,which statement is true about Go?
（）4.根据这段话，关于围棋的哪一种说法是正确的？

A.Go is thought to date back to several hundred years ago in China.
A.Go被认为可以追溯到几百年前的中国。

B.Go is a game of two players who take turns putting black or white
B.Go 是一款由两名玩家轮流下黑棋或白棋的游戏

stones on a 19-by-19 grid.
19×19 网格上的石头。

C.A player typically has a choice of 20 moves in Go.
C.A 棋手在围棋中通常有 20 步棋可供选择。

D.There are less possible positions in Go than atoms in the universe.
D.围棋中可能的位置比宇宙中的原子少。

( )5.The main idea of this passage is that
（ ）5.这段经文的主要思想是

A.Go is a much more complex challenge for a computer
A.Go 对计算机来说是一个更复杂的挑战

B.incredible achievement in Artificial Intelligence
B.在人工智能方面取得的不可思议的成就

C.the AlphaGo system is smarter than humans
C.AlphaGo系统比人类更聪明

D.Artificial Intelligence makes AlphaGo beat a master Go player
D.人工智能让AlphaGo击败围棋高手

答 案 ：ACDBD