Guide for Authors-Ophthalmology
作者指南 - 眼科
Before you begin
准备工作
To submit a manuscript please go to https://www.editorialmanager.com/OPHTHA/default.aspx. This site is also available through http://www.aaojournal.org/.
要提交手稿，请访问 https://www.editorialmanager.com/OPHTHA/default.aspx。该网站也可通过 http://www.aaojournal.org/ 访问。
Submission Types
提交类型
Submissions are categorized into the Article Types listed below. Please select the appropriate Article Type to start the submission.
提交的内容分为下面列出的文章类型。请选择适当的文章类型以开始提交。
Manuscripts – A standard submission; a manuscript that does not fall into any of the following categories:
手稿 – 标准提交;不属于以下任何类别的手稿：
AAO Meeting Paper – A manuscript based on material that has or will be presented at an American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting. Ophthalmology has right of first refusal on materials presented at the Academy's annual meetings.
AAO 会议论文 – 基于已经或将要在美国眼科学会年会上提交的材料的手稿。 眼科 对在学院年会上提交的材料拥有优先购买权。
Correspondence – Comments by readers about articles that posted online in Ophthalmology within 6 months. Please see specific criteria for submission in the Correspondence section of this Guide.
通信 – 读者对 6 个月内在 Ophthalmology 上 在线发布的文章的评论。 请参阅本指南的“通信”部分的具体提交标准。
Editorial – Typically by invitation from the Editor-in-Chief or Section Editor. Please see specific criteria for submission in the Editorial section of this Guide.
社论 – 通常由主编或版面编辑邀请。请参阅本指南的“编辑”部分的具体提交标准。
Systematic Review or Meta-analysis – Please see specific criteria for submission in the Systematic Review/ Meta-analysis in this Guide.
系统评价或荟萃分析 – 请参阅本指南的系统评价/荟萃分析中的具体提交标准。
Translational Science Reviews – Typically by invitation from the Editorial Board. Please see specific criteria for submission in the Translational Science Reviews section of this Guide.
转化科学评论 – 通常应编辑委员会的邀请。请参阅本指南的“转化科学评论”部分的具体提交标准。
Report-Invited – Typically by invitation from the Editorial Board. Please see specific criteria for submission in the Reports section of this Guide.
Report-Invited – 通常由编辑委员会邀请。请参阅本指南的“报告”部分的具体提交标准。
Pictures & Perspectives – Photographs, photomicrographs, radiologic or other imaging studies, or procedural illustrations that depict novel features of clinically important entities. If accepted, the images will publish online only.
图片和观点 – 照片、照片、放射学或其他成像研究，或描述临床重要实体的新特征的程序插图。如果被接受，图像将仅在线发布。
Contact Information
联系信息
If you have questions about the submission process, please contact the Editorial Office by email at aaojournal@aao.org or by phone at 415-447-0261. If you are having trouble logging in to Editorial Manager, please visit https://service.elsevier.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/28452/supporthub/publishing/kw/editorial+manager/ for more information or contact support@elsevier.com.
如果您对投稿流程有任何疑问，请发送电子邮件 至 aaojournal@aao.org 或致电 415-447-0261 联系编辑部。如果您在登录 Editorial Manager 时遇到问题，请访问 https://service.elsevier.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/28452/supporthub/publishing/kw/editorial+manager/ 了解更多信息或联系 support@elsevier.com。
Communication about manuscripts occurs primarily through email and only with corresponding authors, so it is important for authors to keep their contact information (address, institution, phone numbers, and email address) current in Editorial Manager.
有关手稿的通信主要通过电子邮件进行，并且仅与通讯作者进行，因此作者必须在 Editorial Manager 中保持其联系信息（地址、机构、电话号码和电子邮件地址）是最新的。
Username and Password
用户名和密码
Editorial Manager is used for processing all submissions and relies on correct e-mail addresses for all authors and reviewers. Your username and password are the same regardless of your role as author or reviewer.
Editorial Manager 用于处理所有提交，并依赖于所有作者和审阅者的正确电子邮件地址。无论您作为作者或审阅者的角色如何，您的用户名和密码都是相同的。
Duplicate registrations create substantial problems, such as authors unable to access invitations to revise or reviewers unable to access review invitations. Please follow the steps below to update important information. Be sure to save any changes by clicking “Update” or “Submit” as appropriate before exiting. Please do not register a second time, if you believe your information is already in the system.
重复注册会产生重大问题，例如作者无法访问修订邀请或审阅者无法访问审阅邀请。请按照以下步骤更新重要信息。请务必在退出之前通过单击“更新”或“提交”来保存任何更改。如果您认为您的信息已在系统中，请不要再次注册。
IF YOU KNOW YOUR USERNAME AND PASSWORD:
如果您知道自己的用户名和密码：
Log into the home page https://www.editorialmanager.com/OPHTHA/default.aspx using your username and password and hit enter or click “Author Login”
使用您的用户名和密码 https://www.editorialmanager.com/OPHTHA/default.aspx 登录主页 ，然后按 Enter 键或单击“作者登录”
Click “Update My Information” in the top left corner of the screen and review your contact information. Only one e-mail address can be listed. Please be sure you use an e-mail that you frequently check and is the least likely to change should you relocate to a new institution. Here you can update all your current contact information and change your password. Please remember to click “Submit” to save changes before closing the window.
点击屏幕左上角的“更新我的信息”，然后查看您的联系信息。只能列出一个电子邮件地址。请确保您使用经常查看的电子邮件，并且如果您搬迁到新机构，该电子邮件最不可能更改。在这里，您可以更新所有当前的联系信息并更改密码。请记住在关闭窗口之前单击“提交”以保存更改。
Change data as needed – Be sure to click “Submit” on the bottom of the page.
根据需要更改数据 – 请务必单击页面底部的“提交”。
We greatly appreciate you taking the time to update your information.
我们非常感谢您花时间更新您的信息。
If you do not know your username and password but believe you are in the system, please do the following:
如果您不知道自己的用户名和密码，但认为自己在系统中，请执行以下操作：
Go to Editorial Manager https://www.editorialmanager.com/OPHTHA/default.aspx
转到 Editorial Manager https://www.editorialmanager.com/OPHTHA/default.aspx
Click on “Send Login Details” and enter your e-mail address you believe to be registered in the system. If you are already in the system, it will notify you via e-mail to reset your password.
点击“发送登录详细信息”，然后输入您认为已在系统中注册的电子邮件地址。如果您已经在系统中，它将通过电子邮件通知您重置密码。
If you have changed your e-mail address recently and Editorial Manager does not recognize you, we suggest you also try entering in your previous e-mail address so that you do not generate duplicate registrations within the system.
如果您最近更改了电子邮件地址，而 Editorial Manager 无法识别您，我们建议您也尝试输入您之前的电子邮件地址，这样您就不会在系统内产生重复的注册。
If you have never registered as an author or reviewer:
如果您从未注册为作者或审稿人：
If you have never been in the system in any role (author or reviewer) go to the home page at https://www.editorialmanager.com/OPHTHA/default.aspx click on “Register Now” and follow the steps provided on the website.
如果您从未在系统中担任过任何角色（作者或审稿人），请转到主页 https://www.editorialmanager.com/OPHTHA/default.aspx 单击“立即注册”并按照网站上提供的步骤进行操作。
If for any reason you cannot access your information or are not sure if you are in the system, please send an e-mail to aaojournal@aao.org with your first name, last name, city and state or city and country as appropriate and your new e-mail address. The Editorial Office can verify if you have an existing account.
如果由于任何原因您无法访问您的信息或不确定您是否在系统中，请向 aaojournal@aao.org 发送电子邮件，并附上您的名字、姓氏、城市和州或城市和国家（视情况而定）以及您的新电子邮件地址。编辑部可以验证您是否已有帐户。
Author Checklist
作者清单
Please prepare the following items prior to logging into Editorial Manager:
在登录 Editorial Manager 之前，请准备以下项目：
___ Designate one author as the corresponding author with contact details.
___ 指定一名作者作为通讯作者，并提供联系方式。
___ If the paper was previously rejected by another journal, please prepare and submit copies of the reviews and your responses to them in the Cover Letter.
___ 如果论文之前被其他期刊拒绝，请准备并在投稿信中提交审稿和您对他们的回复的副本。
___ Provide at least 4-12 taxonomy topics on the submission form.
___ 在提交表格上提供至少 4-12 个分类主题。
When uploading files, please make certain that:
上传文件时，请确保：
___ Précis is 35 words or fewer, acronyms spelled out, written in full sentences rather than a bulleted list, and upload as the “Précis” file.
___ 摘要为 35 个单词或更少，首字母缩略词拼写出来，以完整句子而不是项目符号列表书写，并作为“摘要”文件上传。
___ Manuscript file contains a title page.
___ 手稿文件包含扉页。
___ Manuscript file contains an abstract.
___ 手稿文件包含摘要。
___ Manuscript file contains continuous line numbering.
___ 手稿文件包含连续的行号。
___ Figures and tables are not embedded in the manuscript file; submit figures and tables as separate files.
___ 图和表格未嵌入到手稿文件中;将图表和表格作为单独的文件提交。
___ Abstract conforms to the journal’s structured format.
___ Abstract 符合期刊的结构化格式。
___ Figures are in tiff or eps format.
___ 图表为 tiff 或 eps 格式。
___ Tables include titles, brief description, and footnotes.
___ 表格包括标题、简要说明和脚注。
___ Online-only figures/tables are in PDF and properly labeled. Appropriate callouts are added to the manuscript file.
___ 仅限在线的图表/表格为 PDF 格式并已正确标记。将适当的标注添加到手稿文件中。
Acceptable File types are used (https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/OPHTHA_Listofacceptablefiletypes.docx).
使用可接受的文件类型 （https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/OPHTHA_Listofacceptablefiletypes.docx）。
Further considerations:
进一步的考虑：
___ Use the active voice when writing the manuscript.
___ 撰写手稿时使用主动语态。
___ Spell out acronyms.
___ 拼出首字母缩略词。
___ Spell-check and grammar-check your manuscript prior to submission.
___ 在提交之前检查您的手稿，请进行拼写和语法检查。
___ Ensure that references are in the correct AMA style format.
___ 确保引用采用正确的 AMA 样式格式。
___ Make certain that all references are cited in the text.
确保文中引用了所有参考文献。
___ Obtain permission for use of copyrighted material from other sources.
___ 从其他来源获得使用受版权保护材料的许可。
___ Upload written permission from person(s) mentioned in the acknowledgment section.
___ 上传致谢部分中提到的人员的书面许可。
Downloadable Forms
可下载的表格
Downloadable forms Authors Contributorship Form
可下载表格 作者投稿表格
ICMJE Conflict of Interest/Financial Disclosure
ICMJE 利益冲突/财务披露
Other
其他
Consort Agreement for a Randomized Controlled Trial
随机对照试验的配偶协议
Cover Art Copyright Assignment
封面艺术版权转让
Pictures & Perspectives Copyright
图片与观点版权
Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing
科学写作中生成式 AI 的宣言
Where authors use generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process, authors should only use these technologies to improve readability and language. Applying the technology should be done with human oversight and control, and authors should carefully review and edit the result, as AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete or biased. AI and AI-assisted technologies should not be listed as an author or co-author, or be cited as an author. Authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans, as outlined in Elsevier’s AI policy for authors.
如果作者在写作过程中使用生成式人工智能 （AI） 和 AI 辅助技术，则作者应仅使用这些技术来提高可读性和语言。应用该技术应在人工监督和控制下完成，作者应仔细审查和编辑结果，因为 AI 可以生成听起来很权威的输出，这些输出可能是不正确的、不完整的或有偏见的。AI 和 AI 辅助技术不应列为作者或合著者，也不应作为作者引用。作者身份意味着只能由人类承担并由人类执行的责任和任务，如爱思唯尔的 作者人工智能政策中所述。
The American Academy of Ophthalmology requires that authors request and obtain permission to use any Academy content (including, but not limited to, anything published in the Ophthalmology family of journals) prior to inputting into, or using with, AI systems such as large language models. Not only are these materials protected by U.S and international copyright laws and the Academy’s own contractual provisions, AI can present concerns regarding data privacy, the accuracy of content online (including liability for erroneous information), patient safety, and discrimination. For additional information and instructions on how to request permission, please see the full statement on artificial intelligence and the use of Academy materials[https://www.aao.org/statement-on-artificial-intelligence].
美国眼科学会要求作者在输入或使用 AI 系统（如大型语言模型）之前，请求并获得使用任何学院内容（包括但不限于在眼科期刊系列中发表 的任何内容）的许可。这些材料不仅受到美国和国际版权法以及学院自己的合同条款的保护，而且人工智能还可能对数据隐私、在线内容的准确性（包括错误信息的责任）、患者安全和歧视提出担忧。有关如何申请许可的更多信息和说明，请参阅关于人工智能和学院材料使用的完整声明[https://www.aao.org/statement-on-artificial-intelligence]。
Authors should disclose in their manuscript the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by following the instructions below. A statement will appear in the published work. Please note that authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for the contents of the work. Prior to inputting any copyrighted material into an AI system, authors should first obtain permission from the copyright holder.
作者应按照以下说明在手稿中披露 AI 和 AI 辅助技术在写作过程中的使用情况。声明将出现在已发布的作品中。请注意，作者对作品的内容负有最终责任。在将任何受版权保护的材料输入到 AI 系统之前，作者应首先获得版权所有者的许可。
Disclosure instructions
披露说明
Authors must disclose the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by adding a statement at the end of their manuscript in the core manuscript file, before the References list. The statement should be placed in a new section entitled ‘Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process’.
作者必须在核心手稿文件的手稿末尾的参考文献列表之前添加声明，以披露生成式 AI 和 AI 辅助技术在写作过程中的使用。该声明应放在标题为“写作过程中生成式 AI 和 AI 辅助技术的声明”的新部分。
Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.
声明：在准备本作品期间，作者使用了 [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] 来 [REASON]。使用此工具/服务后，作者根据需要审查和编辑了内容，并对出版物的内容承担全部责任。
This declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, references etc. If there is nothing to disclose, there is no need to add a statement.
本声明不适用于使用基本工具检查语法、拼写、参考文献等。如果没有什么需要披露的，则无需添加声明。
Submission declaration and verification
提交申报和验证
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract, a published lecture or academic thesis, see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify compliance, your article may be checked by Crossref Similarity Check and other originality or duplicate checking software.
提交文章意味着所描述的工作以前未发表过（以摘要、已发表的讲座或学术论文的形式除外，有关更多信息，请参阅“多次、冗余或同时出版”），未考虑在其他地方发表，其发布得到所有作者的批准，并得到开展工作地的负责当局的默许或明确批准， 并且，如果被接受，未经版权所有者书面同意，它不会以相同的形式、英语或任何其他语言（包括电子方式）在其他地方发布。为了验证合规性，您的文章可能会通过 Crossref Similarity Check 和其他原创性或重复检查软件进行检查。
Responsible sharing
负责任的分享
Find out how you can share your research published in Elsevier journals.
了解如何 分享您在爱思唯尔期刊上发表的研究 。
Guide to Uploading Files
上传文件指南
Once files are uploaded, please place them in the correct order for the submission PDF by clicking the “Update File Order” button. The system will create a PDF of your uploaded files for your approval before completing the submission. If necessary, you may exit the system and return to approve the submission at your convenience. Please review your submission and approve it, or, if necessary, make corrections and repeat the process until you are satisfied. Incorrect file formats, long file names, or missing components will prevent the PDF of your submission from building. If any changes are required to the uploaded files, you will need to remove the original file and upload a new file with your corrections. Changes cannot be made to files once they have been uploaded into the system. At the last step, when you are ready to approve the submission and click “Approve Submission” you must also agree to the Ethics in Publishing statement. A link is provided to the statement and you agree to it by checking the box.
上传文件后，请点击“更新文件顺序”按钮，将它们按提交 PDF 的正确顺序排列。在完成提交之前，系统将为您上传的文件创建 PDF 供您审批。如有必要，您可以退出系统并在您方便时返回以批准提交。请检查您的提交并批准它，或者如有必要，进行更正并重复该过程，直到您满意为止。不正确的文件格式、长文件名或缺少组件将阻止您提交的 PDF 构建。如果需要对上传的文件进行任何更改，您需要删除原始文件并上传包含更正的新文件。文件上传到系统后，无法对其进行更改。在最后一步，当您准备好批准提交并单击“批准提交”时，您还必须同意出版 道德声明。将提供指向该声明的链接，您勾选复选框即表示您同意该链接。
A Manuscript Number will be assigned during the submission process. Please use this number in all communications regarding your submission.
在提交过程中将分配一个手稿编号。请在与您提交的内容相关的所有通信中使用此号码。
Copyright
版权
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for more information on this and copyright, see https://www.elsevier.com/copyright). An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
接受文章后，作者将被要求填写“期刊出版协议”（有关此协议和版权的更多信息，请参见 https://www.elsevier.com/copyright）。将向通讯作者发送一封电子邮件，确认收到手稿，并附上“期刊出版协议”表格或本协议在线版本的链接。
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/copyright/permissions). If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult https://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
订阅者可以复制目录或准备包括摘要在内的文章列表，以便在其机构内内部流通。在机构外转售或分发以及所有其他衍生作品，包括汇编和翻译，都需要获得出版商的许可（请咨询 https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/copyright/permissions）。如果包含其他受版权保护作品的摘录，作者必须获得版权所有者的书面许可，并在文章中注明来源。爱思唯尔为作者在以下情况下提供预印表格供作者使用：请咨询 https://www.elsevier.com/permissions。
Author rights
作者权利
As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. For more information see https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/copyright/permissions.
作为作者，您（或您的雇主或机构）拥有重复使用您的作品的某些权利。有关更多信息，请参阅 https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/copyright/permissions。
Funding body agreements and policies
资助机构协议和政策
Elsevier has established a number of agreements with funding bodies which allow authors to comply with their funder's open access policies. Some authors may also be reimbursed for associated publication fees. To learn more about these agreements please visit https://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies
爱思唯尔已 与资助机构建立了许多协议，允许作者遵守其资助者的开放获取政策。一些作者还可能获得相关出版费用的报销。要了解有关这些协议的更多信息，请访问 https://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies
After acceptance, open access papers will be published under a noncommercial license. For authors requiring a commercial CC BY license, you can apply after your manuscript is accepted for publication.
接受后，开放获取论文将在非商业许可下出版。对于需要商业 CC BY 许可的作者，您可以在稿件被接受出版后申请。
Open Access
开放获取
This journal offers authors a choice in publishing their research:
该期刊为作者提供了发表研究的选择：
Open access
开放获取
• Articles are freely available to both subscribers and the wider public with permitted reuse
• 文章免费提供给订阅者和更广泛的公众，并允许重复使用
• An open access publication fee is payable by authors or on their behalf (e.g., by their research funder or institution)
• 开放获取出版费由作者或代表他们（例如，由他们的研究资助者或机构）支付
Subscription
订阅
• Articles are made available to subscribers as well as developing countries and patient groups through our universal access programs.
• 通过我们的普遍 访问计划，向订阅者以及发展中国家和患者团体提供文章。
Regardless of how you choose to publish your article, the journal will apply the same peer-review criteria and acceptance standards.
无论您选择如何发表文章，期刊都将采用相同的同行评审标准和验收标准。
For open access articles, permitted third party (re)use is defined by the following Creative Commons user licenses:
对于开放获取文章，允许的第三方（再）使用由以下 Creative Commons 用户许可证定义：
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND)
知识共享署名-非商业性使用-禁止衍生 （CC BY-NC-ND）
This license allows others to distribute and copy the article for non-commercial purposes or include in a collective work (such as an anthology) as long as authors are properly credited and the article is not altered or modified.
该许可证允许其他人出于非商业目的分发和复制文章，或将其包含在集体作品（例如选集）中，只要作者得到适当的署名并且文章未被更改或修改。
Learn more about Elsevier's pricing policy: https://www.elsevier.com/openaccesspricing.
了解有关爱思唯尔定价政策的更多信息： https://www.elsevier.com/openaccesspricing。
This journal has an embargo period of 12 months.
该期刊的时滞期为 12 个月。
Use of inclusive language
使用包容性语言
Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Content should make no assumptions about the beliefs or commitments of any reader; contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition; and use inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is free from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions. We advise to seek gender neutrality by using plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default/wherever possible to avoid using "he, she," or "he/she." We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors that refer to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition unless they are relevant and valid. When coding terminology is used, we recommend to avoid offensive or exclusionary terms such as "master", "slave", "blacklist" and "whitelist". We suggest using alternatives that are more appropriate and (self-) explanatory such as "primary", "secondary", "blocklist" and "allowlist". These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.
包容性语言承认多样性，传达对所有人的尊重，对差异敏感，并促进机会平等。内容不应对任何读者的信仰或承诺做出任何假设;不包含任何可能暗示一个人因年龄、性别、种族、民族、文化、性取向、残疾或健康状况而优于另一个人的内容;并在整个过程中使用包容性语言。作者应确保写作没有偏见、刻板印象、俚语、对主流文化和/或文化假设的引用。我们建议通过使用复数名词（“临床医生、患者/客户”）作为默认/尽可能避免使用“他、她”或“他/她”来寻求性别中立。我们建议避免使用涉及个人特征（如年龄、性别、种族、民族、文化、性取向、残疾或健康状况）的描述，除非它们相关且有效。使用编码术语时，我们建议避免使用冒犯性或排他性术语，例如 “master”、“slave”、“blacklist” 和 “whitelist”。我们建议使用更合适且（不言自明）的替代选项，例如“primary”、“secondary”、“blocklist”和“allowlist”。这些指南旨在作为参考点，以帮助确定适当的语言，但绝非详尽或确定。
Reporting on race and ethnicity
报告种族和民族
Ophthalmology encourages adoption of the guidelines outlined in the AMA Manual of Style, and updated in https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2783090. This includes acknowledgement that race and ethnicity are cultural constructs with biological contribution through genetic heritage, but do not have well defined nor clear scientific meaning. The names of races and ethnicities should be capitalized, and should be used in adjectival form rather than as nouns. Methods for the assignment of category should be specified, and justification for the inclusion of race and ethnicity in data collection and analysis should be clear.
眼科 鼓励采用 AMA 风格手册中 概述并于 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2783090 年更新的 指南。这包括承认种族和民族是通过遗传遗产做出生物贡献的文化结构，但没有明确定义或明确的科学意义。种族和民族的名称应该大写，并且应该以形容词形式使用，而不是作为名词。应指定类别分配方法，并明确在数据收集和分析中包括种族和民族的理由。
Reporting sex- and gender-based analyses
报告基于性别和基于性别的分析
Reporting guidance
报告指南
For research involving or pertaining to humans, animals or eukaryotic cells, investigators should integrate sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA) into their research design according to funder/sponsor requirements and best practices within a field. Authors should address the sex and/or gender dimensions of their research in their article. In cases where they cannot, they should discuss this as a limitation to their research's generalizability. Importantly, authors should explicitly state what definitions of sex and/or gender they are applying to enhance the precision, rigor and reproducibility of their research and to avoid ambiguity or conflation of terms and the constructs to which they refer (see Definitions section below). Authors can refer to the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines and the SAGER guidelines checklist. These offer systematic approaches to the use and editorial review of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation - however, please note there is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender.
对于涉及或与人类、动物或真核细胞有关的研究，研究人员应根据资助者/赞助商的要求和某个领域的最佳实践，将基于性别和性别的分析 （SGBA） 整合到他们的研究设计中。作者应在文章中说明其研究的性别和/或性别维度。在他们不能的情况下，他们应该将此作为他们研究可推广性的限制进行讨论。重要的是，作者应明确说明他们所应用的性别定义和/或性别，以提高其研究的准确性、严谨性和可重复性，并避免术语及其所指结构的歧义或混淆（见下面的定义部分）。作者可以参考 研究中的性别和性别平等 （SAGER） 指南 和 SAGER 指南清单。这些为在研究设计、数据分析、结果报告和研究解释中使用和编辑审查性别和性别信息提供了系统的方法——但是，请注意，没有一套单一的、普遍认可的指南来定义性和性别。
Definitions
定义
Sex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features (e.g., chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy). A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth ("sex assigned at birth"), most often based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn. Gender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society. Sex and gender are often incorrectly portrayed as binary (female/male or woman/man) and unchanging whereas these constructs actually exist along a spectrum and include additional sex categorizations and gender identities such as people who are intersex/have differences of sex development (DSD) or identify as non-binary. Moreover, the terms "sex" and "gender" can be ambiguous--thus it is important for authors to define the manner in which they are used. In addition to this definition guidance and the SAGER guidelines, the resources on this page offer further insight around sex and gender in research studies.
性别通常是指一组与生理和生理特征（例如，染色体基因型、荷尔蒙水平、内部和外部解剖结构）相关的生物学属性。二元性别分类（男性/女性）通常在出生时指定（“出生时分配的性别”），通常仅基于新生儿的可见外部解剖结构。性别通常是指女性、男性和性别多元化人群的社会建构角色、行为和身份，这些角色、行为和身份 发生在历史和文化背景下，并且可能因社会和时间而异。性别影响着人们如何看待自己和彼此，他们的行为和互动方式，以及权力在社会中的分配方式。性和性别经常被错误地描绘为二元（女性/男性或女性/男性）和不变的，而这些结构实际上存在于一个范围内，包括额外的性别分类和性别认同，例如双性人/有性发育差异 （DSD） 或认同为非二元的人。此外，“性”和“性别”这两个术语可能含糊不清——因此作者定义 它们的使用方式很重要。除了本定义指南和 SAGER 指南外， 本页面上 的资源还提供了有关研究中性和性别的进一步见解。
Open access
开放获取
Please visit our Open Access page for more information about open access publishing in this journal.
请访问我们的 开放获取页面 ，了解有关本期刊开放获取出版的更多信息。
Preparation
制备
Abbreviations/Acronyms and Use of the Active Voice
缩写/首字母缩略词和主动语态的使用
Please refer to the AMA Manual of Style for a listing of acceptable abbreviations and acronyms.
请参阅 AMA 风格 手册，了解可接受的缩写和首字母缩略词的列表。
On the title page, please define any abbreviations and acronyms that are used in the manuscript. If the manuscript is accepted, this list will be included on the last page of the article in the footnotes as a convenience for readers.
在标题页上，请说明手稿中使用的任何缩写和首字母缩略词。如果手稿被接受，此列表将包含在文章最后一页的脚注中，以方便读者。
Please be sure all abbreviations/acronyms are spelled out at first use in the abstract and again at first use in the text. An abbreviation/acronym should appear first in parentheses immediately after the term or phrase to which it refers. Every abbreviation used in any table or figure should be defined in each corresponding legend.
请确保所有缩写/首字母缩略词在摘要中首次使用时拼写出来，并在正文中首次使用时再次拼写出来。缩写/首字母缩略词应首先出现在其所指的术语或短语之后的括号中。任何表格或图中使用的每个缩写都应在每个相应的图例中定义。
When writing the manuscript, use the active voice whenever possible.
撰写手稿时，请尽可能使用主动语态。
Abstract
抽象
AbstractA structured abstract is required for Manuscripts, AAO Meeting Papers, and Systematic Reviews or Meta-analyses.
摘要手稿、AAO 会议论文和系统评价或荟萃分析需要结构化摘要。
For Reports only: A 35-word unstructured abstract is required for editors'/reviewers' view only and will not publish with the report. Please submit the 35-word unstructured abstract on the online submission form field labelled “abstract.”
仅适用于报告：35 字的非结构化摘要仅供编辑/审阅者查看，并且不会与报告一起发布。请在在线提交表格字段中提交 35 字的非结构化摘要，并标有“摘要”。
Abstracts for Manuscripts, AAO Meeting Papers should not exceed 350 words and should be submitted on a separate page in the manuscript file. Deletion of any required section of the abstract must be justified in the author cover letter. The following 7 sections must appear in the abstract; please select the most appropriate heading for each section (for example, chose either “Objective” or “Purpose” for the first section):
手稿摘要、AAO 会议论文 不应超过 350 字，并应在手稿文件中的单独页面上提交。删除摘要的任何必要部分必须在作者求职信中说明理由。以下 7 个部分必须出现在摘要中;请为每个部分选择最合适的标题（例如，为第一部分选择“目标”或“目的”）：
Objective or Purpose: Concisely state the study goal.
目标或目的： 简明扼要地陈述学习目标。
Design: Identify the study design using a phrase such as cross-sectional study, clinical trial, cohort study, etc. Study design types are summarized in the Study Design section of this guide. The CONSORT Worksheet is required for randomized controlled trials.
设计：使用横断面研究、临床试验、队列研究等短语确定研究设计。研究设计类型在本指南的研究设计部分进行了总结。 随机对照试验需要 CONSORT 工作表 。
Subjects, Participants, and/or Controls: Describe the persons or eyes studied and the controls if a separate control group is included.
受试者、参与者和/或对照：描述所研究的人或眼睛以及对照（如果包括单独的对照组）。
Methods, Intervention, or Testing: Describe the principal treatment(s), procedure(s), test(s), or observation(s) performed.
方法、干预或测试：描述进行的主要治疗、程序、测试或观察。
Main Outcome Measures: Define the main parameter(s) being measured (e.g., intraocular pressure, visual acuity, degree of inflammation, etc.)
主要结果测量：定义被测量的主要参数（例如，眼压、视力、炎症程度等）
Results: Summarize the principal measurements (data) obtained. The order should reflect the purpose and design, and the strength of the findings should be appropriately conveyed.
结果：总结获得的主要测量值（数据）。该命令应反映目的和设计，并应适当传达调查结果的强度。
Conclusions: State the conclusion(s) derived from the data analysis.
结论： 陈述从数据分析中得出的结论。
Abstracts for Systematic Reviews or Meta-Analyses
用于系统评价或荟萃分析的摘要
Abstracts for Systematic Reviews or Meta-Analyses should not exceed 350 words and must include 5 sections following the PRISMA guidelines (PRISMA Checklist: http://www.prisma-statement.org/documents/PRISMA_2020_checklist.pdf
系统评价或荟萃分析 的摘要不应超过 350 字，并且必须包括 5 个遵循 PRISMA 指南的部分（PRISMA 检查表： http://www.prisma-statement.org/documents/PRISMA_2020_checklist.pdf
Diagram: http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/FlowDiagram): At a minimum, the systematic review should have been prospectively registered (e.g., in PROSPERO: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/). The registration number should be included in both the abstract and text.
图： http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/FlowDiagram）：至少，系统综述应该已经前瞻性注册（例如，在 PROSPERO： https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/）。摘要和正文中均应包含注册号。
Topic: Provide an explicit statement of the specific clinical question being addressed with reference to a brief description of the participants, interventions (or exposures), comparators, and outcomes examined.
主题： 提供所解决的具体临床问题的明确陈述，并参考参与者、干预措施（或暴露）、比较对象和检查结果的简要描述。
Clinical relevance: Characterize the magnitude and importance of the condition; when relevant, define the current standard of care.
临床相关性：描述病情的严重程度和重要性;在相关时，定义当前的护理标准。
Methods: Describe the key eligibility criteria for including studies in the systematic review, key databases searched and search dates, and methods of assessing the risk of bias in the individual studies.
方法：描述将研究纳入系统评价的关键合格标准、检索的关键数据库和检索日期，以及评估单个研究偏倚风险的方法。
Results: Summarize the number and type of included studies and participants, and relevant characteristics of studies; describe the results of main outcomes (benefits and harms), preferably indicating the number of studies and participants for each. If a meta-analysis was done, include summary measures and confidence intervals; report the direction of the effect or association (i.e., which group is favored) and size of the effect using language meaningful to clinicians and patients.
结果：总结纳入研究和受试者的数量和类型，以及研究的相关特征;描述主要结局（益处和危害）的结果，最好说明每项的研究和受试者的数量。如果进行了荟萃分析，则包括总结测量和置信区间;使用对临床医生和患者有意义的语言报告效应或关联的方向（即，哪个组更受欢迎）和效应的大小。
Conclusion: Summarize the strengths and limitations of the evidence, your general interpretation of the results, and important implications.
结论：总结证据的优势和局限性、您对结果的一般解释以及重要意义。
Abstracts for Translational Science Reviews are unstructured and should not exceed 350 words.
转化科学评论 的摘要是非结构化的，不应超过 350 字。
Key Words
关键词
On the title page, please add 3 to 5 key words to the manuscript. If the manuscript is accepted, this list will be included on the last page of the article in the footnotes section as a convenience for readers and to improve searchability online.
在扉页上，请在手稿中添加 3 到 5 个关键词。如果手稿被接受，此列表将包含在文章最后一页的脚注部分，以方便读者并提高在线搜索性。
AAO Meeting Papers and Posters
AAO 会议文件和海报
Ophthalmology has the right of first refusal to any manuscript or Report (see the Report section) derived from a presentation at the AAO Meeting Paper American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting. Presentations at the Academy's subspecialty day programs are exempt from this requirement (although submissions from such presentations are welcome). Authors seeking publication may submit their manuscript in full or Report length (without requesting invitation) to the journal before, during, or after the Annual Meeting presentation. Please note on the cover page of the submission that it is derived from an Annual Meeting paper or poster. For full-length manuscripts, please be sure to select “AAO Meeting Paper” for the “Manuscript Category” (please do not use “Manuscript” in these instances). For Reports, please select “Report-unsolicited” for the “Manuscript Category.” A full-length manuscript or Report based on a presentation at the Academy Annual Meeting can be submitted to other journals if Ophthalmology declines to accept it after receipt (as documented by a rejection letter from the journal office) or if a waiver is granted in writing by the Editor-in-Chief.
眼科 对在美国眼科学会年会 AAO 会议论文上的演讲得出的任何手稿或报告（见 报告部分）拥有优先购买权。在学院的亚专业日间课程中的演讲不受此要求的约束（尽管欢迎提交此类演讲）。寻求出版的作者可以在年会报告之前、期间或之后向期刊提交完整或报告长度的手稿（无需邀请）。请在提交材料的封面上注明，它来自年会论文或海报。对于长篇手稿，请务必在“手稿类别”中选择“AAO Meeting Paper”（在这些情况下请不要使用“手稿”）。对于报告，请在“手稿类别”中选择“报告-未经请求”。如果 眼科在收到后拒绝接受（如期刊办公室的拒绝信所记录）或主编以书面形式批准弃权，则可以将基于学院年会演讲的全长手稿或报告提交给其他期刊。
General inquiries about Academy annual meeting abstract submission may be sent to jfennell@aao.org.
有关学院年会摘要提交的一般查询可发送至 jfennell@aao.org。
Acknowledgments
确认
The journal requires acknowledgment of anyone who makes substantial contributions to a manuscript but does not qualify as an author. Please refer to the Authorship section of this guide, specifically regarding Ghost/Guest Authors. The journal does not allow ghost authors.
该期刊要求对手稿做出重大贡献但不具备作者资格的任何人表示感谢。请参阅 本指南的 作者身份 部分，特别是关于 Ghost/Guest Authors。该期刊不允许幽灵作者。
The journal will also acknowledge those who reviewed, discussed, edited scientific content, referred patients, translated references, provided extensive statistical assistance, or provided essential tissue, equipment, or other materials without which the study could not have been completed. (See: Lichter PR. The author wishes to thank. Ophthalmology. 1988;95:293-4). In such cases, written permission from the person being acknowledged is required.
该杂志还将感谢那些审查、讨论、编辑科学内容、转诊患者、翻译参考文献、提供广泛的统计帮助或提供基本组织、设备或其他材料的人，没有这些材料，研究就无法完成。（请参阅： 利希特公关。作者要感谢。 眼科。 1988 年;95：293-4）。在这种情况下，需要获得被确认人的书面许可。
The journal does not print acknowledgments for those who participated in studies (e.g., patients), those who edited for grammar or formatting, or those who provided “helpful” or “moral” support or similar collegial aid to the authors. The journal does not publish acknowledgments of individuals whose service as employees contributed to a study, e.g., administrative assistants, clinic coordinators, technicians, ophthalmic photographers, or technologists.
本杂志不对参与研究的人（例如患者）、为语法或格式进行编辑的人，或为作者提供“有帮助”或“道德”支持或类似的合议帮助的人打印致谢。该杂志不发表对作为雇员的服务对研究做出贡献的个人的致谢，例如行政助理、诊所协调员、技术人员、眼科摄影师或技术人员。
Astigmatism Reporting
散光报告
Astigmatism Reporting Refractive Surgery Outcomes and Astigmatism Without Lens Removal Surgery: Descriptions of astigmatism should adhere to terminology and graphical representations originally described by Alpins (references 1-3) and include graphs described by Waring (reference 4-6). Editorials by Reinstein et al (reference 7-8) present the argument for standardization.
报告屈光手术结果的散光和无晶状体摘除手术的散 光：散光的描述应遵循 Alpins 最初描述的术语和图形表示（参考文献 1-3），并包括 Waring 描述的图表（参考文献 4-6）。 Reinstein 等人的社论（参考文献 7-8）提出了标准化的论点。
When reporting refractive surgery outcomes, please include 6 graphs to illustrate the following:
在报告屈光手术结果时，请包括 6 张图表来说明以下内容：
Uncorrected distance visual acuity
未矫正的远视力
Change in corrected distance visual acuity
矫正距离视力的变化
Spherical equivalent (attempted versus achieved)
球面等效物（尝试与实现）
Spherical equivalent refractive accuracy
球面等效折射精度
Spherical equivalent refraction stability
球面等效折射稳定性
Refractive astigmatism
屈光散光
Reporting Refractive Surgery Outcomes and Astigmatism With Lens Removal Surgery: If the manuscript is analyzing refractive outcomes after lens removal surgery (cataract or refractive lens exchange), the refractive cylinder is influenced by both the IOL and the corneal incision, and therefore these have to be analyzed independently.
报告晶状体摘除手术的 屈光手术结果和散光 ： 如果手稿分析晶状体摘除手术（白内障或屈光性晶状体置换）后的屈光结果，则屈光圆柱面会受到人工晶状体和角膜切口的影响，因此必须独立分析这些。
For separate analysis of the astigmatic effect of the corneal incision, these 4 factors should be considered:
为了单独分析角膜切口的散光效果，应考虑以下 4 个因素：
Location of the incision site with respective to steep meridian for all the patients in the study.
切口部位的位置以及研究中所有患者的陡峭子午线。
Histogram of the change in preoperative vs postoperative corneal astigmatism.
术前与术后角膜散光变化的直方图。
The mean magnitude (and standard deviation, minimum, maximum) of the flattening effect of the corneal incision to provide the astigmatic change at the meridian of the incision.
角膜切口的平坦效应的平均幅度（和标准差、最小值、最大值），以提供切口经络处的散光变化。
The mean magnitude (and standard deviation, minimum, maximum) of the surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) vector to provide the total astigmatic change, including both the flattening and torque effects.
手术诱导散光 （SIA） 向量的平均幅度（和标准差、最小值、最大值），以提供总散光变化，包括展平和扭矩效应。
When reporting refractive surgery outcomes, please include 4 graphs to illustrate the following:
在报告屈光手术结果时，请包括 4 张图表来说明以下内容：
Postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity and postoperative corrective distance visual acuity
术后未矫正远视力和术后矫正远视力
Difference between postoperative uncorrected distance vs postoperative corrected distance visual acuity
术后未矫正距离与术后矫正距离视力的差异
Postoperative spherical equivalent refraction compared to the intended target refraction (Spherical equivalent refractive accuracy)
术后球面等效屈光与预期目标屈光的比较（球面等效屈光精度）
Postoperative Refractive cylinder
术后 屈光圆柱
REFERENCES
引用
Alpins NA. A new method of analyzing vectors for changes in astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1993;19:524-533.
阿尔卑斯国家公园。一种分析散光变化向量的新方法。 J 白内障折射外科杂志。 1993 年;19：524-533.
Alpins NA. Vector analysis of astigmatism changes by flattening, steepening, and torque. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1997;23:1503-1514.
阿尔卑斯国家公园。通过变平、陡峭和扭矩对散光变化进行矢量分析。 J 白内障折射外科杂志。 1997 年;23：1503-1514.
Alpins N. Astigmatism analysis by the Alpins method. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27:31-49.
Alpins N. 通过 Alpins 方法进行散光分析。 J 白内障折射外科杂志。 2001 年;27：31-49。
Waring GO III. Standard graphs for reporting refractive surgery. J Refract Surg 2000;16:459-66. Erratum in J Refract Surg 2001;17:following table of contents.
Waring GO III.报告屈光手术的标准图表。 J Refract Surg 2000;16：459-66。J Refract Surg 2001 中的 勘误表; 17：以下目录。
Reinstein DZ, Waring GO III. Graphic reporting of outcomes of refractive surgery. J Refract Surg 2009;5:975-8.
Reinstein DZ，Waring GO III。屈光手术结果的图形报告。 J 屈光外科杂志 2009;5：975-8。
Waring GO III, Reinstein DZ, Dupps WJ, et al. Standardized graphs and terms for refractive surgery results. J Refract Surg 2011;27:7-Erratum in J Refract Surg 2011;27:88.
Waring GO III、Reinstein DZ、Dupps WJ 等人。屈光手术结果的标准化图表和术语。 J 屈光外科 杂志 2011;27：7-J Refract Surg 2011;27：88 中的勘误表。
Reinstein DZ, Archer TJ, Randleman JB. JRS standard for reporting astigmatism outcomes of refractive surgery. J Refract Surg. 2014;30:654-659.
Reinstein DZ、Archer TJ、Randleman JB。报告屈光手术散光结果的 JRS 标准。 J 屈光外科杂志。 2014 年;30：654-659。
Reinstein DZ, Archer TJ, Srinivasan S, et al. Standard for reporting refractive outcomes of intraocular lens-based refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2017 Apr;43(4):435-439
Reinstein DZ， Archer TJ， Srinivasan S， et al. 基于晶状体的人工屈光手术屈光结局报告标准。 J 白内障折射外科杂志 2017 年 4 月;43（4）：435-439
Authorship
作者
Authorship
作者
Authorship Criteria
作者标准
The journal adheres to the Uniform Requirements set by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (https://www.icmje.org/) for authorship. Each author must meet criteria for Authorship. The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria:
该期刊遵守国际医学期刊编辑委员会 （https://www.icmje.org/） 对作者身份制定的统一要求。每个作者都必须满足作者身份标准。ICMJE 建议作者身份基于以下 4 个标准：
Substantial contributions to conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
对作品的构思或设计做出重大贡献;或为工作获取、分析或解释数据;和
Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
起草作品或针对重要的知识内容进行批判性修改;和
Final approval of the version to be published; AND
对要发布的版本进行最终批准;和
Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
同意对工作的各个方面负责，以确保与工作任何部分的准确性或完整性相关的问题得到适当调查和解决。
It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to confirm that each coauthor meets the requirements for authorship. These ICMJE forms should be uploaded during the revision stage; each co-author must submit an ICMJE form. Please note that the list of contributions will publish with the manuscript should it be accepted.
通讯作者有责任确认每位合著者都符合作者身份的要求。这些 ICMJE 表格应在修订阶段上传;每位合著者都必须提交一份 ICMJE 表格。请注意，如果稿件被接受，投稿列表将与稿件一起发布。
Ghost/Guest Authors
Ghost/Guest 作者
Please note the journal does not allow ghost authorship, based on the definition of ghost authorship as the failure to designate an individual who has made a substantial contribution to the research or writing of a manuscript (JAMA. 2008;299(15):1800-1812). If it comes to light that a substantial contribution has not been disclosed, the journal shall advise the corresponding author and withdraw the submission.
请注意，该期刊不允许幽灵作者身份，根据幽灵作者身份的定义，即未能指定对手稿的研究或写作做出重大贡献的个人 （JAMA. 2008 年;299(15):1800-1812).如果发现没有披露实质性贡献，本刊应通知通讯作者并撤回投稿。
Based on the definition of guest authorship as the designation and acknowledgment of an individual who has contributed significantly but does not meet authorship criteria, any guest authors must (a) provide written permission to the corresponding author which is to be uploaded with the submission and (b) be listed by the corresponding author in the acknowledgments section (after text and before references in manuscript file) for their contribution (e.g., James Smith for statistical analysis). If the guest author is being acknowledged for writing assistance, it should specifically address if the guest author prepared a manuscript draft for the named authors to edit or if the named authors prepared the manuscript and received writing and formatting assistance from the guest author. If not self-employed, the guest author should disclose the name of his/her employer and any funding sources.
根据客座作者身份的定义，即对做出重大贡献但不符合作者身份标准的个人的称号和致谢，任何客座作者必须 （a） 向通讯作者提供书面许可，该书面许可将与提交内容一起上传，并且 （b） 由通讯作者列在致谢部分（在手稿文件中的文本之后和参考文献之前）以表彰他们的贡献（例如， James Smith 进行统计分析）。如果感谢客座作者的写作帮助，则应特别说明客座作者是否准备了手稿供署名作者编辑，或者署名作者是否准备了手稿并接受了客座作者的写作和排版帮助。如果不是个体经营者，客座作者应披露他/她的雇主名称和任何资金来源。
Corresponding Author
通讯作者
The corresponding author is the person responsible for a submission and all communication with the journal regarding a submission. The corresponding author must notify the editors and editorial office, via the submission form, of the following:
通讯作者是负责投稿以及与期刊就投稿进行所有沟通的人。通讯作者必须通过投稿表格通知编辑和编辑部以下内容：
Acknowledgment of any guest author, defined as an individual who does not meet authorship criteria but has made a substantial contribution to the research or writing of a manuscript.
感谢任何客座作者，定义为不符合作者标准但对手稿的研究或写作做出重大贡献的个人。
Confirmation that there are no “ghost authors,” defined as an individual who has made a substantial contribution but does not qualify as an author and has not been disclosed to the editor.
确认没有“幽灵作者”，“幽灵作者”被定义为做出了重大贡献但不具备作者资格且未向编辑披露的个人。
Submission of ICMJE conflict of interest and copyright forms from each of the co-authors; conflict of interest forms are required and requisite disclosures should be reported on the manuscript’s cover page.
每位合著者提交 ICMJE 利益冲突和版权表格;需要提交利益冲突表格 ，并应在手稿封面上报告必要的披露。
Submission of the Contributorship Form (see Downloadable_Forms Downloadable Forms).
提交投稿人表格（请参阅Downloadable_Forms可下载表格）。
Acknowledgment of funding by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH). Articles accepted for publication in Ophthalmology from authors who have indicated that the underlying research reported in their articles was supported by an NIH grant will be sent by Elsevier to PubMed Central for public access 12 months after publication. The version of the article provided by Elsevier is the final accepted version after peer-review but before copyediting.
感谢美国国立卫生研究院 （NIH） 的资助。如果作者表示其文章中报告的基础研究得到了 NIH 资助的支持，则接受在眼科杂志上 发表的文章将在发表 12 个月后由 Elsevier 发送到 PubMed Central 供公众访问。 爱思唯尔提供的文章版本是经过同行评审但经过文字编辑后的最终接受版本。
Confirmation that Institutional Review Board issues have been addressed in the Methods section of the main manuscript.
确认机构审查委员会的问题已在主要手稿的“方法”部分得到解决。
Confirmation that the authors are aware the journal occasionally, only after acceptance of a submission and on a confidential basis and with no rights prior to embargo date, shares some information with the American Academy of Ophthalmology public relations staff and/or EyeNet staff.
确认作者偶尔知道该期刊，仅在接受提交后，在保密的基础上，在禁运日期之前没有权利，与美国眼科学会公共关系人员和/或 EyeNet 工作人员共享一些信息。
.* After acceptance for publication, authors may designate more than one person to be contacted by readers.
.* 接受出版后，作者可以指定多个人与读者联系。
Study Group/Writing Committee Authorship
研究小组/写作委员会作者
If study group/writing committee authorship is used and the corresponding author is the study chair, please state this on the cover page. However, if the corresponding author is not the study chair, please enclose with the submission a statement from the study chair that the group authorship as stated on the cover page and/or members of the responsible writing committee are both correct. The journal promotes transparency of authorship to editors, reviewers, and readers.
如果使用研究小组/写作委员会的作者身份，并且通讯作者是研究主席，请在封面上说明。但是，如果通讯作者不是研究主席，请在提交时附上研究主席的声明，说明封面上说明的小组作者和/或负责写作委员会的成员都是正确的。该期刊向编辑、审稿人和读者提高作者身份的透明度。
Members of the group can be listed in initial group papers in print and in subsequent papers, either by reference to an earlier manuscript, or at times for length and format reasons, in online supplemental material. Members are appropriately acknowledged on the byline “…for the XYZ Study Group” or “… on behalf of the XYZ Group.” If you believe group members are more appropriately acknowledged by including them as authors, each must meet authorship criteria and complete the required ICMJE authorship criteria, copyright assignment, and conflict of interest forms. If the Study Group authors are suppled as an online-only file, the study group authors will not be searchable as co-authors.
该小组的成员可以列在最初的小组论文的印刷版和后续论文中，要么通过引用早期的手稿，或者有时出于长度和格式的原因，在在线补充材料中列出。成员在署名中得到适当的感谢“......对于 XYZ 研究组“或”......代表 XYZ 集团。如果您认为将小组成员列为作者更合适，则每个小组成员都必须符合作者身份标准，并填写所需的 ICMJE 作者身份标准、版权转让和利益冲突表格。如果 Study Group 作者以仅限在线文件的形式提供，则无法作为合著作者搜索 Study Group 作者。
With transparency and space limitations in mind, the following are the journal’s policies regarding study group/writing committee authorship:
考虑到透明度和篇幅限制，以下是期刊关于研究小组/写作委员会作者身份的政策：
If an individual is authoring for a group (e.g., a Study Chair) it should be listed as
如果个人为某个小组（例如，学习椅）进行创作，则应将其列为
Henry A. Fiddle, MD for the Laser ROP Study Group
Henry A. Fiddle，激光 ROP 研究小组的医学博士
Small study groups (≤ 10 members) can author as the group or they can list writing committee members names “and the XYZ Study Group” as long as all the members qualify as authors. Otherwise, only those who qualify should be listed and the remainder can be acknowledged.
小型研究小组（≤ 10 名成员）可以作为小组进行作者创作，也可以列出写作委员会成员的姓名“和 XYZ 研究组”，只要所有成员都有资格成为作者。否则，只应列出符合条件的人，其余人可以得到认可。
Debra L Hanson, MS; Susan Y. Chu, PhD; Karen M. Farizo, MD; John W. Ward, MD; and the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project Group
Debra L Hanson，理学硕士;Susan Y. Chu 博士;凯伦 M. 法里佐，医学博士;John W. Ward，医学博士;以及成人和青少年 HIV 疾病谱系项目组
3. Large study groups (>10 members) should not author a paper as an entity. In large groups it is not likely that every single member of the group or network contributed as required by the authorship criteria mentioned above. Large study groups should either list the writing committee members as authors followed by “for the XYZ Study Group” or list “Writing committee for the XYZ Study Group*” as the author and the names of the writing committee members will be listed at the end of the article with an asterisk. Regardless, members of the writing committee must qualify as authors and complete the appropriate ICMJE authorship forms.
3. 大型研究小组（>10 成员）不应以实体形式撰写论文。在大型群组中，群组或网络的每个成员都不太可能按照上述作者身份标准的要求做出贡献。大型研究小组应将写作委员会成员列为作者，后跟“for the XYZ Study Group”，或将“Writing committee for the XYZ Study Group*”列为作者，写作委员会成员的姓名将在文章末尾以星号列出。无论如何，写作委员会成员必须符合作者资格并填写相应的 ICMJE 作者表格。
Debra L Hanson, MS; Susan Y. Chu, PhD; Karen M. Farizo, MD; John W. Ward, MD for the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project Group OR The Writing Group for the DISC Collaborative Research Group* OR The DISC Collaborative Research Group Writing Committee*
Debra L Hanson，理学硕士;Susan Y. Chu 博士;凯伦 M. 法里佐，医学博士;John W. Ward，成人和青少年 HIV 疾病谱系项目组的医学博士 或 DISC 协作研究小组的写作小组* 或 DISC 协作研究小组写作委员会*
To ensure that writing committee/study group members' contributions are searchable in PubMed, the submission must include a file listing each writing committee/study group member; upload as a Word file, and select “Collaborators” as the file type. When writing committee/study group members are listed as collaborators, PubMed provides an expandable listing under “Collaborators” as part of the article record. Expandable authorship is appropriate when an author byline includes (1) only a group name or (2) a group name, along with individual authors who are not members of the collaborative group (that is, when author names are listed followed by “, and the XYZ group,” and the participating group member names are NOT included in the byline).
为确保写作委员会/研究小组成员的投稿可在 PubMed 中搜索，提交的内容必须包括一个列出每个写作委员会/研究小组成员的文件;上传为 Word 文件，然后选择“协作者”作为文件类型。当写作委员会/研究小组成员被列为合作者时，PubMed 在“合作者”下提供了一个可扩展的列表，作为文章记录的一部分。当作者署名包括 （1） 仅组名或 （2） 组名，以及不属于协作组成员的单个作者时（即，当列出作者姓名后跟“和 XYZ 组”，并且参与组成员姓名未包含在署名中时），则可展开作者身份是合适的。
Any digression from these authorship guidelines must be addressed, prior to submission, via email to aaojournal@aao.org. The Executive Editor and/or Editor-in-Chief will discuss with the corresponding author on a case-by-case basis.
任何偏离这些作者身份指南的内容必须在提交之前通过电子邮件发送给 aaojournal@aao.org。执行主编和/或主编将根据具体情况与通讯作者讨论。
Entering Authors into the Submission System
将作者输入提交系统
Enter the title, first and last name, and email addresses for all authors. The number of authors on the submission form must match the list on the title page. Be sure to indicate which author is the corresponding author by checking the appropriate box. All correspondence regarding a submission must come from and will be sent to the corresponding author only. Author order can be changed by dragging the blue handle button up or down next to the author's name. Please do not have staff members list themselves as authors for the purpose of uploading files.
输入所有作者的标题、名字和姓氏以及电子邮件地址。提交表单上的作者人数必须与标题页上的列表相匹配。请务必通过选中相应的框来指明哪个作者是通讯作者。所有关于提交内容的信件必须来自通讯作者，并将仅发送给通讯作者。可以通过向上或向下拖动作者姓名旁边的蓝色手柄按钮来更改作者顺序。请不要让工作人员为了上传文件而将自己列为作者。
NOTE: Once a manuscript has been submitted, the order of authorship (including adding or removing authors) cannot be changed without a written request to the Editorial Office from the corresponding author. The request must include a statement that all authors agree with the change, signed by all authors. Specifically, if an author is removed, a letter from that author agreeing to their removal is required. If the authors are not able to agree among themselves on authorship changes, please withdraw the paper. The editors and Editorial Office do not arbitrate such debates. Authorship changes cannot be submitted with proof changes. The publisher is not authorized to make such changes.
注意：一旦提交了手稿，未经通讯作者向编辑部提出书面请求，不得更改作者顺序（包括添加或删除作者）。该请求必须包含一份声明，表明所有作者都同意更改，并由所有作者签名。具体来说，如果作者被删除，则需要该作者同意将其删除的信函。如果作者之间无法就作者身份更改达成一致，请撤回论文。编辑和编辑部不会仲裁此类辩论。作者身份更改不能与校对更改一起提交。发布者无权进行此类更改。
Cancer Classifications
癌症分类
We encourage authors to use the American Joint Commission on Cancer TNM Classification scheme when describing patients with ophthalmic malignancies. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. (8th ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2016).
我们鼓励作者在描述眼恶性肿瘤患者时使用美国癌症联合委员会 TNM 分类方案。AJCC 癌症分期手册。（第 8 版。纽约州纽约市：施普林格;2016).
Clinical Trials and Clinical Trial Registration
临床试验和临床试验注册
A clinical trial is defined as any study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes. With regards to the reporting of clinical trials, Ophthalmology's policies are similar to the policies of The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), and The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) which can be viewed at https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/instructions-for-authors#SecReportingClinicalTrials.
临床试验被定义为前瞻性地将人类参与者或人类群体分配到一种或多种与健康相关的干预措施以评估对健康结果的影响的任何研究。在临床试验报告方面， 眼科的政策类似于《新英格兰医学 杂志》（NEJM） 和 《美国医学会 杂志》（JAMA） 的政策，可在 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/instructions-for-authors#SecReportingClinicalTrials 上 查看。
Please note that these policies include the expectation that all manuscripts reporting clinical trials will include a copy of the original trial protocol, the complete statistical analysis plan and any amendments to protocol and/or plan.
请注意，这些政策包括期望所有报告临床试验的手稿都将包括原始试验方案的副本、完整的统计分析计划以及对方案和/或计划的任何修订。
Consistent with these policies, prospective clinical trial registration is required. Please state in the Methods section where the clinical trial registration information is publicly available. Satisfactory public databases include the NIH's http://www.clinicaltrials.gov and the site from the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trials at http://www.controlled-trials.com.
根据这些政策，需要前瞻性临床试验注册。请在“方法”部分说明临床试验注册信息公开可用的位置。令人满意的公共数据库包括 NIH 的 http://www.clinicaltrials.gov 和 http://www.controlled-trials.com 年国际标准随机对照试验 的站点。
For all manuscripts that report clinical trials, CONSORT guidelines must be followed, including submission of a CONSORT flow diagram and checklist. If a subanalysis of a clinical trial is reported independently and it draws on the same population as the parent trial, the subanalysis can refer to the parent trial report in lieu of including the flow diagram and checklist. If however, the subanalysis reports on a subset of patients, a flow diagram and checklist are recommended.
对于所有报告临床试验的手稿，必须遵循 CONSORT 指南，包括提交 CONSORT 流程图和清单。如果临床试验的子分析是独立报告的，并且它利用了与父试验相同的人群，则子分析可以引用父试验报告，而不是包括流程图和清单。 但是，如果子分析报告了患者子集，则建议使用流程图和检查表。
Our journal supports the CONSORT-AI extension, a reporting guideline for clinical trials evaluating interventions with an AI component. For more information on the CONSORT-AI extension, please refer to:
我们的期刊支持 CONSORT-AI 扩展，这是评估具有 AI 成分的干预措施的临床试验的报告指南。有关 CONSORT-AI 扩展的更多信息，请参阅：
Liu X, Rivera S C, Moher D, Calvert M J, Denniston A K. Reporting guidelines for clinical trial reports for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the CONSORT-AI Extension BMJ 2020; 370 :m3164 doi:10.1136/bmj.m3164IF: 93.6 Q1 IF: 93.6 Q1
Liu X， Rivera SC， Moher D， Calvert MJ， Denniston AK. 涉及人工智能的干预措施临床试验报告报告指南：CONSORT-AI 扩展 BMJ 2020; 370 ：m3164 doi：10.1136/bmj.m3164IF：93.6 Q1
Ophthalmology endorses the NEJM policies that encourage clarity with regards to the representativeness of the study group (see DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe2114651IF: 96.2 Q1 IF: 96.2 Q1 ). Ophthalmology encourages the inclusion of a supplementary table that provides disease background with regards to epidemiology and risk, and describes the relevant representativeness of the study group.
眼科 认可 NEJM 政策，这些政策鼓励明确研究组的代表性（参见 DOI： 10.1056/NEJMe2114651IF：96.2 Q1 ）。 眼科 鼓励纳入补充表格，该表格提供有关流行病学和风险的疾病背景，并描述研究组的相关代表性。
In reporting results, Ophthalmology strongly recommends that figures include a display of the individual-level outcomes by arm. Presentation methods might include histogram, density plot, scatter plot, or box-and-whiskers plot and should display outcome distribution as well as the overlap between treatment group and controls.
在报告结果时， Ophthalmology 强烈建议数据包括按手臂显示个体水平的结果。表示方法可能包括直方图、密度图、散点图或盒须图，并应显示结果分布以及治疗组和对照组之间的重叠。
Ophthalmology supports the National Institutes of Health Principles and Guidelines for Reporting Preclinical Research. Please refer to the following site for additional information: http://www.nih.gov/about/reporting-preclinical-research.htm
眼科 支持美国国立卫生研究院临床前研究报告原则和指南。有关更多信息，请参阅以下网站： http://www.nih.gov/about/reporting-preclinical-research.htm
Conflict of Interest (financial disclosure)
利益冲突（财务披露）
Each co-author must complete an ICMJE Form. For US-based authors (i.e., those with a US National Provider Identifier [NPI]), it is now required they look up their Open Payments record (past 2 years only) to confirm that it matches what is reported on the ICMJE Form. If there are discrepancies, the co-author must provide a brief explanation on the ICMJE Form along with the Open Payment URL person record (e.g., https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/physician/1316209). To learn more about this new requirement, please refer to Van Gelder RN and Siegfried CJ. ROI, COI, and the Ethical Obligations of Journals. Ophthalmology. 2022;129:602-604.
每位合著者都必须填写一份 ICMJE 表格。对于美国作者（即拥有美国国家提供商识别编码 [NPI] 的作者），现在需要他们查找其 未结付款 记录（仅限过去 2 年），以确认它与 ICMJE 表格上报告的内容相匹配。如果存在差异，合著者必须在 ICMJE 表格上提供简要说明以及 Open Payment URL 人员记录（例如， https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/physician/1316209）。要了解有关此新要求的更多信息，请参阅 Van Gelder RN 和 Siegfried CJ。投资回报率、COI 和期刊的道德义务。眼科学。2022 年;129：602-604.
Ophthalmology complies with the position of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) on “Conflict of Interest.” Conflict of interest for authors is defined as “financial and other conflicts of interest that might bias their work.” In the interest of transparency, the ICMJE requires authors to disclose all relationships/activities/interests related to the manuscript content. The ICMJE defines “related” as any relation with for-profit or not-for-profit third parties whose interests may be affected by the content of the manuscript.
眼科符合国际医学期刊编辑委员会 （ICMJE） 关于“利益冲突”的立场。作者的利益冲突被定义为“可能使他们的工作产生偏见的财务和其他利益冲突”。为了透明起见，ICMJE 要求作者披露与稿件内容相关的所有关系/活动/利益。ICMJE 将“相关”定义为与营利性或非营利性第三方的任何关系，其利益可能受到手稿内容的影响。
For further information, please refer to: Liesegang TJ, Schachat AP. Enhanced reporting of potential conflicts of interest: rationale and new form. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011:151:391-3.
有关更多信息，请参阅： Liesegang TJ， Schachat AP. 加强潜在利益冲突的报告：理由和新表格。 2011：151：391-3.
Liesegang TJ, Bartley GB. Toward transparency of financial disclosure. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:2077-9.
Liesegang TJ，巴特利 GB。迈向财务披露的透明度。 眼科。 2014 年;121：2077-9.
Liesegang TJ, Bartley GB. Footnotes, acknowledgments, and authorship: toward greater responsibility, accountability, and transparency. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:2297-8.
Liesegang TJ，巴特利 GB。脚注、致谢和作者身份：迈向更大的责任、问责制和透明度。 眼科。 2014 年;121：2297-8。
All submissions must have the ICMJE Form completed and uploaded for each co-author preferably as part of the initial submission process, but no later than first revision.
所有提交都必须为每位合著者填写并上传 ICMJE 表格，最好作为初始提交过程的一部分，但不得迟于第一次修订。
Every published manuscript will have a statement, “All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE disclosures form” followed by either “None of the authors has any conflicts of interest to disclose.” OR “Authors with financial interests or relationships to disclose are listed prior to the references.” Corresponding authors are asked to confirm or update conflict of interest statements as part of the final steps of manuscript acceptance with the journal office, prior to transmittal to the publisher. For further information, see https://www.elsevier.com/authors/journal-authors/policies-and-ethics
每篇已发表的手稿都会有一个声明，“所有作者都已完成并提交了 ICMJE 披露表”，后跟“没有任何作者有任何利益冲突需要披露”。“或”在参考文献之前列出有经济利益或关系的作者。在将稿件转交给出版商之前，通讯作者需要确认或更新利益冲突声明，作为稿件接受最后步骤的一部分。有关详细信息，请参阅 https://www.elsevier.com/authors/journal-authors/policies-and-ethics
Publication Ethics
出版道德规范
Before completing the submission, authors must confirm that their submission conforms with the Elsevier Guidelines for Ethics in Publishing, see https://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and https://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.
在完成提交之前，作者必须确认其提交的内容符合《爱思唯尔出版道德指南》，见 https://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics 和 https://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines。
Copyright
版权
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will need to complete a ‘Journal Publishing Agreement’ (for more information on this and copyright, see https://www.elsevier.com/copyright). The corresponding author will receive an email confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
接受文章后，作者需要填写“期刊出版协议”（有关此协议和版权的更多信息，请参见 https://www.elsevier.com/copyright）。通讯作者将收到一封确认收到手稿的电子邮件，以及一份“期刊出版协议”表格或指向本协议在线版本的链接。
Signed copyright forms state that the undersigned authors either own the copyright or have written permission to use all the material in their article. If authors are submitting any material to which they do not own copyright, they need to secure permission to use the copyrighted materials.
签署的版权表格声明以下签名作者拥有版权或已获得使用其文章中所有材料的书面许可。如果作者提交任何他们不拥有版权的材料，他们需要获得使用受版权保护的材料的权限。
NOTE: Once a manuscript has been accepted, the order of authorship (including adding or removing authors) cannot be changed without a written request to the Editorial Office from the corresponding author. This request must include a statement that all authors agree with the change along with a new copyright form, both signed by all authors. Specifically, if an author is removed, a letter from that author agreeing to their removal is required. The new copyright form must show the title and authors’ names in the order they should appear in print on the top of the form and include original signatures from each author; signature order does not matter. If the original authors are not able to agree among themselves on authorship changes, please withdraw the paper. Authorship changes cannot be submitted with proof changes. The publisher cannot approve such changes and it will delay publication of the manuscript.
注意：一旦稿件被接受，未经通讯作者向编辑部提出书面请求，不得更改作者顺序（包括添加或删除作者）。此请求必须包括一份声明，表明所有作者都同意更改，以及一份新的版权表，两者均由所有作者签名。具体来说，如果作者被删除，则需要该作者同意将其删除的信函。新的版权表单必须按照它们在表单顶部打印的顺序显示标题和作者姓名，并包含每位作者的原始签名;签名顺序无关紧要。如果原作者之间无法就作者身份更改达成一致，请撤回论文。作者身份更改不能与校对更改一起提交。出版商无法批准此类更改，并将延迟手稿的出版。
Correspondence and Replies
通信和回复
Correspondence allows concise commentary about an article published in the journal within 6 months of its online posting. The text should raise a question for clarification, offer an alternative perspective, or explain a flaw in methodology or a perceived misinterpretation of data. The correspondence should address no more than three points. Correspondence should not be used as an avenue to introduce new material without subjecting it to typical peer review.
通信允许在期刊在线发布后的 6 个月内对期刊上发表的文章进行简明的评论。文本应提出一个问题进行澄清，提供另一种观点，或解释方法中的缺陷或对数据的误解。信件应涉及不超过三点。通信不应被用作引入新材料的途径，而不对其进行典型的同行评审。
Format: Correspondence is limited to 700 words, double-spaced, with no more than 5 references including the article to which the authors are responding. Figures, tables, or graphs are typically not included. The title follows the following format: Re: [insert last name of first author of published article] et al.: [insert title of the published article to which the Correspondence refers.] The correspondence should start with “To the Editor” and the article being commented on should be referenced in the first paragraph and be the first listed reference. Comments such as “… I commend the author for their fine study” or overly critical remarks are neither necessary nor appropriate. Letters should end with the name, degree, and location (city, state or city, country) for each author.
格式：通信限制为 700 个单词，双倍行距，参考文献不超过 5 个，包括作者回复的文章。通常不包括数字、表格或图形。标题遵循以下格式：回复：[插入已发表文章的第一作者的姓氏] et al.：[插入通信所指的已发表文章的标题。通信应以“致编辑”开头，被评论的文章应在第一段中引用，并且是第一个列出的参考。诸如“...我赞扬作者的出色研究“或过于批评的评论既没有必要也不合适。信件应以每位作者的姓名、学位和位置（城市、州或城市、国家）结尾。
Submission: Completed ICMJE conflict of interest forms from each co-author must be submitted along with the correspondence.
提交：每位合著者填写完整的 ICMJE 利益冲突表必须与信件一起提交。
Process: Correspondence is reviewed by the Editor-in-Chief, members of the Editorial Board, and, in rare instances, by outside reviewers. If the editor would like to consider the correspondence further, it is forwarded to the corresponding author of the original article for the opportunity to respond. The corresponding author of the article being discussed will receive an email entitled “Invitation to reply to a letter to the editor regarding your recent Ophthalmology article” Authors of the original manuscript are given 10 days to submit a reply. If the invitation is accepted, both the correspondence and reply are edited and published together. If the invitation to reply is declined, the original correspondence may be processed and published by itself.
流程：信件由主编、编辑委员会成员审查，在极少数情况下，由外部审稿人审查。如果编辑想进一步考虑通信，请将其转发给原始文章的通讯作者，以便有机会做出回应。正在讨论的文章的通讯作者将收到一封题为“邀请回复关于您最近的 眼科 文章的编辑信函”的电子邮件原始手稿的作者有 10 天的时间提交回复。如果接受邀请，则通信和回复将一起编辑和发布。如果回复邀请被拒绝，原始通信可能会自行处理和发布。
All correspondence and replies are published online, although the material is listed in the print Table of Contents.
所有通信和回复均在线发布，但材料列在印刷目录中。
When requested to revise a Correspondence, please submit a point-by-point file to demonstrate how the editor’s questions or recommendations were addressed. The point-by-point template can be accessed at: https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/oph-template-form.docx.
当要求修改通信时，请提交逐点文件，以说明编辑的问题或建议的解决方式。点逐点模板可在以下网址访问： https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/oph-template-form.docx。
Cover Letter
求职信
Cover Letters are required for all new submissions. Please use the cover letter to note if your manuscript was previously submitted to this (please include the manuscript number) or any other journal (see “ Rejection of Manuscripts” section of this guide), or to notify the editorial board or editorial office of any additional information.
所有新提交都需要求职信。请使用投稿信来说明您的稿件是否曾提交给本期刊（请附上稿件编号）或任何其他期刊（参见本指南的“ 稿件拒稿”部分），或将任何其他信息通知编辑委员会或编辑部。
Drug and Equipment Names
药品和设备名称
Drug names
药物名称
Do not use drug trade names in titles. Please use the generic name in the abstract, as appropriate, but include the trade name once, in parentheses, after the first use of the generic name. Similarly, in the text, use the generic name, but include the trade name once, in parentheses, after the first use of the generic name.
请勿在商品名称中使用药品商品名称。请酌情在摘要中使用通用名称，但在首次使用通用名称后，在括号中包含一次商品名称。同样，在文本中，使用通用名称，但在第一次使用通用名称之后，在括号中包含一次商品名称。
Device/Equipment Names
设备/设备名称
A device name is permitted in the title, abstract, and text. However, after the device has been identified at first use in the abstract and text, thereafter refer to it generically.
标题、摘要和文本中允许使用设备名称。但是，在摘要和正文中首次使用时确定了该设备后，此后一般引用它。
Editorials
社论
Editorials are usually solicited by the Editor-in-Chief. While unsolicited submissions are welcome, they are rarely considered. Editorials may address clinical or non-clinical topics in summary form and generally do not exceed 1700 words. If a figure is desirable, please decrease the word count by approximately 200. The ICMJE conflict of interest form should be uploaded with the initial submission and if accepted, the copyright form will be collected during the production stage. Editorials, whether invited or unsolicited, undergo peer review.
社论通常由主编征集。虽然欢迎主动提交，但很少考虑。社论可以以摘要形式讨论临床或非临床主题，通常不超过 1700 字。如果一个数字是可取的，请将字数减少大约 200 字。ICMJE 利益冲突表应在初次提交时上传，如果被接受，版权表将在制作阶段收集。社论，无论是受邀的还是主动的，都经过同行评审。
English Editing Assistance
英语编辑协助
All sections of manuscripts, including the abstract, should conform to standard English usage. The journal office may return a submission and recommend professional editing prior to formal review. Authors who require editing to eliminate grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientific English may wish to use the English Language Editing service available from Elsevier’s WebShop https://webshop.elsevier.com/language-editing/ or visit the customer support site https://service.elsevier.com for more information. However, Ophthalmology neither endorses nor recommends any specific individual or service and professional editing does not ensure acceptance of a manuscript.
手稿的所有部分，包括摘要，都应符合标准的英文用法。期刊办公室可能会退回投稿，并在正式审查之前建议专业编辑。需要编辑以消除语法或拼写错误并符合正确的科学英语的作者可能希望使用爱思唯尔 WebShop https://webshop.elsevier.com/language-editing/ 提供的英语语言编辑服务，或访问客户支持网站 https://service.elsevier.com 了解更多信息。但是， Ophthalmology 既不认可也不推荐任何特定的个人或服务，专业编辑并不能确保手稿被接受。
Figures
数字
Figures (photographs, illustrations, or graphs) will be included in the final PDF but figure file names will not be visible to reviewers. Non-composite figures should be uploaded as individual files and clearly identified. For all figures, the figure number must be entered in the file description field before uploading each figure. To upload figures, go to the “Attach Files” page of the submission form. Click “Browse” to browse your desktop for the files or drag and drop them into the window. Select “Figure” as the File Type. In the “Description” box enter the figure number for each figure file. Please do not upload legends here. Legends for print figures should be included at the end of the Manuscript file. Figures at revision should be uploaded as high resolution .tif or .eps files; one figure per file. Online-only supplemental figures must be PDF files with the legend included in the PDF; one figure per PDF file and uploaded as “Supplemental Figure” files.
图表（照片、插图或图表）将包含在最终的 PDF 中，但图表文件名对审阅者不可见。非合成图表应作为单个文件上传并明确标识。对于所有图物，在上传每个图物之前，必须在文件描述字段中输入图序号。要上传图表，请转到提交表单的“附加文件”页面。单击“浏览”以浏览桌面以查找文件或将它们拖放到窗口中。选择“图”作为文件类型。在 “Description（描述）”框中，输入每个图窗文件的图序号。请不要在此处上传图例。印刷图形的图例应包含在手稿文件的末尾。修订时的数字应以高分辨率上传。tif 或 .eps 文件;每个文件一个图。仅限在线的补充图表必须是 PDF 文件，其中图例包含在 PDF 中;每个 PDF 文件一张图，并作为“补充图”文件上传。
Photographs (including those generated electronically from MRI, fluorescein angiography, perimetry, OCT, etc.) must be masked to prevent patient identification. Clinical photographs that permit identification of an individual (those exposing anything more than just the eyes) must be accompanied by a signed statement by the patient or guardian granting permission for publication of the images for educational purposes. All graphics, including composites (such as clinical photographs, fluorescein angiography, CT, MRI, OCT, photomicrographs, etc.) should be submitted at the actual size that they would be presented in the journal, i.e., 100% of their print dimensions to avoid scaling. The width should be no more than 7 inches.
照片（包括从 MRI、荧光素血管造影、视野计、OCT 等以电子方式生成的照片）必须遮盖以防止患者识别。允许识别个人身份的临床照片（那些暴露出的不仅仅是眼睛的人）必须附有患者或监护人的签名声明，允许出于教育目的发布图像。所有图形，包括复合材料（如临床照片、荧光素血管造影、CT、MRI、OCT、显微照片等）应以它们在期刊中呈现的实际尺寸提交，即其打印尺寸的 100%，以避免缩放。宽度不应超过 7 英寸。
The publisher will not re-draw or rework photographs or other figures. Submit all figures in the order they appear in the legends. If there are 6 or more color pictures, a composite maybe preferred. However, only use composites that do not compromise figure integrity or quality. The completed composite must meet the guidelines for artwork submission. Composites must also be labeled using typed text in the corner of each image. Composites are encouraged for multi-panel figures (e.g., Fig 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E). Please see this chart for additional details: https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/OPHTHAFigurechartupdated.pdf and Elsevier's Artwork and Media Instructions https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/author/artwork-and-media-instructions.
出版商不会重新绘制或修改照片或其他图表。按照图例中出现的顺序提交所有图窗。如果有 6 张或更多彩色图片，则可能首选合成图片。但是，只能使用不会影响图形完整性或质量的复合材料。完成的合成图必须符合图稿提交指南。还必须在每张图像的一角使用键入的文本来标记复合图像。鼓励对多面板图形进行合成（例如，图 1A、1B、1C、1D、1E）。有关更多详细信息，请参阅此图表：https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/OPHTHAFigurechartupdated.pdf 和爱思唯尔的插图和媒体说明 https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/author/artwork-and-media-instructions。
General
常规
Physical dimensions of artwork must fit dimensions of the pages within the journal (i.e., width no more than 7 inches).
图稿的物理尺寸必须与日记内页面的尺寸相匹配（即宽度不超过 7 英寸）。
Be consistent in font type and size used in the artwork (8-point Helvetica).
图稿中使用的字体类型和大小保持一致（8 磅 Helvetica）。
Artwork must use recommended naming conventions. Some examples include fig1.tif (figure 1 in TIFF format). Ensure the file extension is present to allow format identification.
图稿必须使用建议的命名约定。一些示例包括 fig1.tif（图 1 为 TIFF 格式）。确保存在文件扩展名以允许格式识别。
Style Points
样式点
Please adhere to the following journal-specific style points when creating figures:
在创建图表时，请遵循以下期刊特定的风格要点：
Remove commas from thousands
从数千个中删除逗号
Change commas to decimals in numbers on axis
将轴上数字中的逗号更改为小数
Add part labels to figure panels
将零件标签添加到图窗面板
Use letters for footnotes not symbols
使用字母作为脚注，而不是符号
Add spacing around mathematical equations in figures/graphs
在图形/图形中的数学方程式周围添加间距
Use title case in the X/Y axis labels (i.e., capitalize the first word, last word, and all major words in between)
在 X/Y 轴标签中使用标题大小写（即，将第一个单词、最后一个单词和两者之间的所有主要单词大写）
Financial Support
财务支持
Please disclose all funding sources, public and private. On the title page please state “Financial Support: None” or provide the agency name and city, company name and city, fellowship name, and grant number. If there is financial support, please provide also one of the two following statements, “The sponsor or funding organization had no role in the design or conduct of this research.” OR “The sponsor or funding organization participated in (list those that are appropriate, e.g., the design of the study, conducting the study, data collection, data management, data analysis, interpretation of the data, preparation, review or approval) of the manuscript.”
请披露所有资金来源，包括公共和私人资金。请在标题页上注明“财务支持：无”或提供机构名称和城市、公司名称和城市、奖学金名称和资助编号。如果有资金支持，请同时提供以下两个声明之一：“申办方或资助组织在本研究的设计或实施中没有作用。或“申办方或资助组织参与（列出适当的内容，例如，研究的设计、进行研究、数据收集、数据管理、数据分析、数据解释、准备、审查或批准）手稿。
Institutional Review Board
机构审查委员会
If the study involved human subjects, human-derived materials, or human medical records, please include one of the two following statements in the Methods section: “Institutional Review Board (IRB)/Ethics Committee approval was obtained” OR “IRB/Ethics Committee ruled that approval was not required for this study.”
如果研究涉及人类受试者、人类来源材料或人类医疗记录，请在“方法”部分包含以下两个声明之一：“已获得机构审查委员会 （IRB）/伦理委员会批准”或“IRB/伦理委员会裁定本研究不需要批准”。
For Report submissions only: If institution's IRB does not require approval for case reports, provide an exemption letter or public URL that reiterates the policy that approval is not needed.
仅针对报告提交： 如果机构的 IRB 不要求批准案例报告，请提供豁免信或公共 URL，重申不需要批准的政策。
For more information about IRB requirements, please visit our IRB FAQ.
有关 IRB 要求的更多信息，请访问我们的 IRB 常见问题解答。
Legends
传说
Legends for photographs, illustration, graphs, etc. should be written to be understandable on their own, without reference to the article’s text. Figures must be numbered consecutively as they appear in the text. Histological figures, stains, and magnifications should be noted in the legends. Any figure that has been published elsewhere should have an acknowledgment to the original source; a copy of the release to publish the figure, signed by the copyright holder, must also be submitted. Legends must identify all symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, or letters that appear on the prints. Table legends should be within the table. All abbreviations in each table must be defined even when repetitive to other tables.
照片、插图、图表等的图例应该写得自己容易理解，而不参考文章的文本。图表必须按照它们在文本中出现的顺序连续编号。应在图例中注明组织学数字、污渍和放大倍数。任何在其他地方发表的图表都应该注明原始来源;还必须提交由版权所有者签名的发布图的授权书副本。图例必须标识印刷品上出现的所有符号、缩写、首字母缩略词或字母。表图例应位于表中。必须定义每个表中的所有缩写，即使对其他表重复也是如此。
Manuscript Text Format
手稿文本格式
Double-space the entire manuscript after the title page and add continuous line numbering to the manuscript file. The average published manuscript in Ophthalmology, including references, is 6 printed pages or less. This corresponds, depending on font size and printing, to 16-20 pages of double-spaced draft.
在扉页之后将整个手稿的行距加倍，并在手稿文件中添加连续的行号。眼科发表的平均手稿 （包括参考文献）为 6 页或更少。这对应于 16-20 页的双倍行距草稿，具体取决于字体大小和打印。
1. Title Page
1. 扉页
The title page should include the following information.
扉页应包含以下信息。
a) Title: The title should be meaningful and brief (no longer than 135 characters); abbreviations should not be used. Please ensure the manuscript title on the cover page matches the title entered into the submission system.
a） 标题：标题应有意义且简短（不超过 135 个字符）;不应使用缩写。请确保封面上的稿件标题与提交系统中输入的标题相匹配。
b) Authors: Provide first name, middle initial, last name, and no more than two advanced degrees. The journal does not print society affiliations. Indicate each author's affiliation during the course of the study in footnotes on the title page using superscript numbers, not symbols (e.g., John Smith1). Specifically identify the corresponding author. Please carefully review the Authorship section of this guide, which addresses authorship criteria, group/writing committee authorship, ghost authors, guest authors, corresponding authors, and related responsibilities. Verify numbers of authors when entering author names into the system.
b） 作者：提供名字、中间名首字母、姓氏和不超过两个高级学位。该杂志不打印社团隶属关系。在研究过程中，在扉页上的脚注中，使用上标数字而不是符号（例如，John Smith1）来说明每位作者的单位。具体确定通讯作者。请仔细阅读本指南的作者身份部分，其中涉及作者身份标准、小组/写作委员会作者身份、代笔作者、客座作者、通讯作者和相关责任。在系统中输入作者姓名时验证作者数量。
c) Meeting Presentation: If the material is under consideration for presentation or has been previously presented, supply the name, place, and date of the meeting. (e.g., the American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, 20XX). This is especially important for AAO Meeting papers as the journal has the right of first refusal for these manuscripts.
c） 会议演示：如果材料正在考虑演示或之前已提交，请提供会议名称、地点和日期。（例如，美国眼科学会年会，20XX 年）。这对于 AAO 会议论文尤其重要，因为期刊对这些手稿拥有优先购买权。
d) Financial Support: Identify all sources: public and private. On the title page please state “Financial Support: None” or provide the agency name and city, company name and city, fellowship name, and grant number. If there is financial support, please provide also one of the two following statements, “The sponsor or funding organization had no role in the design or conduct of this research.” OR “The sponsor or funding organization participated in (list those that are appropriate, e.g., the design of the study, conducting the study, data collection, data management, data analysis, interpretation of the data, preparation, review or approval of) the manuscript.”
d） 财务支持：确定所有来源：公共和私人。请在标题页上注明“财务支持：无”或提供机构名称和城市、公司名称和城市、奖学金名称和资助编号。如果有资金支持，请同时提供以下两个声明之一：“申办方或资助组织在本研究的设计或实施中没有作用。或“申办方或资助组织参与（列出适当的内容，例如，研究的设计、进行研究、数据收集、数据管理、数据分析、数据解释、准备、审查或批准）手稿。
e) Conflict of Interest: A blanket statement that “no conflicting relationship exists for any author” is requested on the title page, if appropriate. Otherwise, the corresponding author should summarize the disclosures sent by each author and upload the ICMJE COI form of each author.
e） 利益冲突：如果合适，要求在标题页上明确声明“任何作者不存在冲突关系”。否则，通讯作者应总结每位作者提交的披露信息，并上传每位作者的 ICMJE COI 表格。
f) Running head: The running head, also known as the short title, which appears on the top of each right-hand published page of the manuscript, should be a maximum of 45 characters.
f） 标题：标题，也称为短标题，出现在手稿每个右侧出版页面的顶部，应最多为 45 个字符。
g) Address for reprints
g） 重印本地址
2. Abstract See separate “ Abstract” section.
2. 摘要 参见单独的“ 摘要”部分。
3. Text
3. 文本
a. Introduction: Without a heading, the two- to three-paragraph introduction should explain why the study was done and what hypothesis is being tested. The introduction should refer only to the most pertinent past publications and should not be an extensive review of the literature.
a. 引言：如果没有标题，两到三段的引言应该解释为什么要进行研究以及正在检验的假设。引言应仅引用最相关的过去出版物，不应是对文献的广泛回顾。
b. Methods, Intervention, or Testing: This section should be written with sufficient detail to permit others to replicate the work. Also required are the following, as appropriate within the methods section:
b. 方法、干预或测试：本节应写得足够详细，以允许其他人复制工作。此外，在 methods 部分中根据需要，还需要以下内容：
FOR HUMAN SUBJECTS:
对于人类受试者：
Informed Consent - Manuscripts reporting the results of experimental investigation on human subjects must include a statement that informed consent was obtained (see Ophthalmology 2003;110:1074-5).
知情同意 - 报告人类受试者实验调查结果的手稿必须包括已获得知情同意的声明（见 眼科 2003 年;110：1074-5）。
IRB/Ethics Committee - Human subjects/materials/medical records - If the study involved human subjects, human-derived materials or human medical records, please include one of the following statements in the Methods section: “Institutional Review Board (IRB)/Ethics Committee approval was obtained” OR “IRB/Ethics Committee ruled that approval was not required for this study.”
IRB/伦理委员会 - 人类受试者/材料/医疗记录 - 如果研究涉及人类受试者、人类来源材料或人类医疗记录，请在“方法”部分包含以下声明之一：“已获得机构审查委员会 （IRB）/伦理委员会的批准”或“IRB/伦理委员会裁定本研究不需要批准”。
Declaration of Helsinki - A statement is required that the described research adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.
赫尔辛基宣言 - 需要一份声明，证明所述研究符合赫尔辛基宣言的原则。
Clinical Trial Registration - A statement in the Methods confirming where the clinical trial is registered and publicly available. (See Clinical Trial Registration for more detailed information.)
临床试验注册 - 方法中的声明，确认临床试验的注册和公开可用位置。（有关更多详细信息，请参阅临床试验注册。
Authors are encouraged to use the American Joint Commission on Cancer TNM Classification scheme when describing patients with ophthalmic malignancies (AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2016).
鼓励作者在描述眼恶性肿瘤患者时使用美国癌症联合委员会 TNM 分类方案（AJCC 癌症分期手册，第 8 版。纽约州纽约市：施普林格;2016).
FOR ANIMAL SUBJECTS:
对于动物受试者：
If animals were used in a study, the notice of approval by the appropriate Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee should be included in the Methods section of the manuscript.
如果动物被用于研究，则应在手稿的方法部分包含适当的机构动物护理和使用委员会的批准通知。
c. Results: Results should be concise. Information presented in tables should not be repeated in the text.
c. 结果：结果应简洁明了。表格中提供的信息不应在正文中重复。
d. Discussion: The discussion should be restricted to interpretation and application of the study’s notable findings. Discussion is the final section of a manuscript. Please do not insert a conclusion section; only the abstract has a conclusion section.
d. 讨论：讨论应仅限于解释和应用研究的显着发现。讨论是手稿的最后一部分。请不要插入结论部分;只有摘要有结论部分。
Online Supplemental Materials
在线补充材料
Because space in Ophthalmology is highly competitive, some supplemental materials are published online only. Such supplements generally include tables, charts, figures, etc. that would further enhance a published article but for which there is insufficient room in the print edition.
由于眼科领域的竞争 非常激烈，因此一些补充材料仅在线发布。 此类增补通常包括表格、图表、数字等，这些表格、图表、数字等将进一步增强已发表的文章，但在印刷版中没有足够的空间。
The availability of additional information will be noted in the Table of Contents by a tablet or video icon. The materials are archived with the online version of the article on the journal's website https://www.aaojournal.org and accessible through Medline and other online databases. In the printed manuscript, on the cover page, and in the appropriate corresponding section of text, there will be a notation that indicates “Supplemental material available at https://www.aaojournal.org.”
其他信息的可用性将在目录中通过平板电脑或视频图标表示。这些材料与文章的在线版本一起存档在期刊的网站上 https://www.aaojournal.org ，并通过 Medline 和其他在线数据库访问。在印刷的手稿中，在封面上，在相应的文本部分，将有一个注释，指示“补充材料可在 https://www.aaojournal.org 处获得”。
When opting for an online supplement, add a reference to it in parentheses after the mention of information to appear online: For example, “…as shown in Table N (available at https://www.aaojournal.org).” Online tables or figures should be numbered consecutively as they appear in the text, in the same sequence as printed figures or tables. Also, add a statement to the title page that should read similar to “This article contains additional online-only material. The following should appear online-only: Figures X, Y, Z and Table N.” All online-only supplemental files must be submitted as PDF files. One table, figure, or appendix per PDF file. Please note that these files will not be copyedited or composed and will be posted online as they appear submitted.
选择在线补充时，请在提及要在线显示的信息后在括号中添加对它的引用：例如，“...如表 N 所示（可在 https://www.aaojournal.org 处 获得）。在线表格或图表应按照它们在文本中出现的顺序连续编号，与印刷图表或表格的顺序相同。此外，在标题页添加一条声明，内容应类似于“本文包含其他仅限在线的材料。以下内容应仅在线显示：图 X、Y、Z 和表 N。所有仅限在线访问的补充文件必须以 PDF 文件的形式提交。每个 PDF 文件一个表格、图表或附录。请注意，这些文件不会经过复制编辑或编写，而是按提交时的样子在线发布。
All supplemental materials must follow the same criteria as if they were to appear in print. For example, tables must be able to stand alone with all abbreviations, references, etc. identified. Table legends would include definitions for the abbreviations, if any. Supplemental Figures must include the legend with the image in the PDF file.
所有补充材料必须遵循与印刷材料相同的标准。例如，表格必须能够独立存在，并标识了所有缩写、引用等。表格图例将包括缩写的定义（如果有）。补充图窗必须在 PDF 文件中包含带有图像的图例。
Permission to Use Copyrighted Materials
使用受版权保护材料的许可
Permission requests should be submitted via the online form at https://www.elsevier.com/authors/obtain-permission as it ensures that Global Permissions receives the most complete information regarding your request. Requests may also be sent to Elsevier Health Sciences Rights Department, Global Rights Department, Oxford, United Kingdom; phone: 44-(0)1865-843830; fax: 44-(0)1865-853333; Email: permissions@elsevier.com.
权限请求应通过 https://www.elsevier.com/authors/obtain-permission 的在线 表格提交，因为它可以确保 Global Permissions 收到有关您的请求的最完整信息。 也可以将请求发送至英国牛津的 Elsevier Health Sciences Rights Department、Global Rights Department;电话：44-（0）1865-843830;传真：44-（0）1865-853333;电子邮件： permissions@elsevier.com。
You may contact the Permissions Helpdesk (permissionshelpdesk@elsevier.com) with any questions prior to submitting your request. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use or the internal or personal use of specific clients is granted by the American Academy of Ophthalmology, Inc. [Applies to libraries and others registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) transactional reporting service provided that the base fee of $20 is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA. 01923.] All other copyright inquiries should be addressed as shown above.
在提交请求之前，如有任何问题，您可以联系权限帮助台 （permissionshelpdesk@elsevier.com）。美国眼科学会 （American Academy of Ophthalmology， Inc.） 授权影印资料供内部或个人使用，或供特定客户内部或个人使用。[适用于在版权结算中心 （CCC） 交易报告服务处注册的图书馆和其他机构，前提是 20 美元的基本费用直接支付给 CCC， 222 Rosewood Drive， 马萨诸塞州丹佛斯。01923.] 所有其他版权查询应按上述方式解决。
Permission to use materials to which others hold copyright in a submission to Ophthalmology.
允许在提交给 Ophthalmology 的申请中使用他人拥有版权的材料。
The copyright form states that the author either owns the copyright or has written permission to use all the material in a submission. Examples include a clinical image/chart that was published in another journal or book, or a photograph of an ophthalmic device obtained from a pharmaceutical company. In most cases, permission can be obtained by e-mailing the publisher or company and explaining specifically what the author wishes to use, where (print and online versions of Ophthalmology), and why (in an article entitled XXXXX). Most copyright holders will reply with a “permission granted” letter which should be uploaded with the submission. Please allow ample time (typically 3-6 weeks) to receive permissions.
版权表声明作者拥有版权或已获得使用提交内容中所有材料的书面许可。示例包括在其他期刊或书籍上发表的临床图像/图表，或从制药公司获得的眼科设备的照片。在大多数情况下，可以通过向出版商或公司发送电子邮件并具体说明作者希望使用的内容、位置（Ophthalmology 的 印刷和在线版本）以及原因（在标题为 XXXXX 的文章中）来获得许可。大多数版权所有者会回复一封“已授予许可”的信函，该信函应与提交的内容一起上传。请留出充足的时间（通常为 3-6 周）来接收权限。
Pictures & Perspectives
图片和观点
The journal welcomes submission of high-quality photographs, photomicrographs, radiologic or other imaging studies, or procedural illustrations that depict novel features of clinically important entities. Submissions may have up to 4 images and inset images are not allowed. The accompanying legend should be 100 words or fewer, and there is a limit of 3 authors.
本杂志欢迎提交高质量的照片、显微照片、放射学或其他成像研究，或描述临床重要实体新特征的程序插图。提交的作品最多可包含 4 张图片，并且不允许插入图片。随附的图例应为 100 字或更少，并且作者人数限制为 3 人。
To submit an image for consideration, select “Pictures & Perspectives” as the Article Type for a New Submission. Upload a single or composite (e.g., 2 × 2 for 4 images) high-resolution .tif image file and a Word document for the title, author byline, and legend. Ophthalmology will need a completed copyright transfer form at acceptance (see [Downloadable Forms](#Downloadable forms)). If the submission is accepted, it will publish online only, shared on the Academy's social media accounts, and highlighted in the next available Table of Contents. Photographs (including those generated electronically from MRI, fluorescein angiography, perimetry, OCT, etc.) must be masked to prevent patient identification. Clinical photographs that permit identification of an individual (those exposing anything more than just the eyes) must be accompanied by a signed statement by the patient or guardian granting permission for publication of the images for educational purposes.
要提交图片以供考虑，请选择“图片与视角”作为新提交的文章类型。上传单个或复合（例如，2 × 2 表示 4 张图像）高分辨率 .tif 图像文件和标题、作者署名和图例的 Word 文档。 眼科 在接受时需要填写完整的版权转让表（参见 [可下载表格]（#Downloadable 表格））。如果提交的作品被接受，它将仅在线发布，在学院的社交媒体帐户上分享，并在下一个可用的目录中突出显示。照片（包括从 MRI、荧光素血管造影、视野计、OCT 等以电子方式生成的照片）必须遮盖以防止患者识别。允许识别个人身份的临床照片（那些暴露出的不仅仅是眼睛的人）必须附有患者或监护人的签名声明，允许出于教育目的发布图像。
Précis
概要
All full-length manuscripts must include a précis of 35 words or fewer summarizing the main finding/outcome of the study. The précis should be written in complete, unbulleted sentences and not merely duplicate the abstract conclusion. If the paper is published, the précis will appear under the title in the Table of Contents. The précis is submitted as a separate file and should not be included in the manuscript file. Please refrain from using abbreviations/acronyms in the précis.
所有长篇手稿必须包括 35 字或更少的摘要，以总结研究的主要发现/结果。摘要应该用完整、无项目符号的句子写成，而不仅仅是重复抽象的结论。如果论文已发表，则摘要将出现在目录中的标题下方。摘要作为单独的文件提交，不应包含在手稿文件中。请不要在摘要中使用缩写/首字母缩略词。
Preprint Server
预印本服务器
For work submitted to a preprint server, it is the corresponding author's responsibility to promptly update the preprint server entry to indicate when a paper has been accepted and is currently in press; the author must add proper citation of the online version to the preprint server entry to point users to the peer-reviewed, accepted version of the article.
对于提交给预印本服务器的作品，通讯作者有责任及时更新预印本服务器条目，以表明论文何时被接受并当前正在出版;作者必须在预印本服务器条目中添加在线版本的适当引用，以将用户指向文章的同行评审、接受版本。
Prior and Repetitive Publication; Plagiarism
先前和重复的出版物;剽窃
The journal will not consider manuscripts that have appeared in other journals, in part or in whole, except in special circumstances approved by the Editor-in-Chief. Likewise, updates of previously published studies that add minimal new information to an existing publication will not be considered. Overlap between patient groups described in serial manuscripts must be acknowledged, and references to previous publications that include the same patients must be provided. Authors uncertain as to whether specific data might be considered prior or repetitive publication should alert the Editor-in-Chief on their cover letter and provide copies of the publications in question.
本刊不会考虑已部分或全部出现在其他期刊上的稿件，除非在主编批准的特殊情况下。同样，对先前发表的研究的更新，如果对现有出版物的新信息增加最少，也将不予考虑。必须承认系列手稿中描述的患者群体之间的重叠，并且必须提供对包含相同患者的先前出版物的参考文献。如果作者不确定特定数据是否可能被视为先前或重复出版物，则应在投稿信中提醒主编，并提供相关出版物的副本。
To decrease the risk of unintentional plagiarism, and potential copyright violations, please consider analyzing your manuscript with plagiarism detection software prior to submission. Several programs are commercially available. The publisher uses iThenticate to verify the originality of written work when a manuscript is received. If duplicative text from published sources, whether from the author(s) previous work or not, is identified without proper citation, the manuscript cannot be considered for peer review and will be returned to the authors. For additional information, please consult: Bartley GB, Albert DM, Liesegang TJ. Choosing Our Words Carefully: Plagiarism in the Internet Age. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:807-808. Available at https://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420%2813%2901249-9/fulltext.
为了降低无意抄袭和潜在侵犯版权的风险，请考虑在提交前使用抄袭检测软件分析您的手稿。有几个程序是市售的。出版商 在收到手稿时使用 iThenticate 来验证书面作品的原创性。如果发现来自已发表来源的重复文本，无论是否来自作者以前的作品，在没有适当引用的情况下被识别出来，则该手稿不能被考虑进行同行评审，并将退还给作者。有关更多信息，请咨询：Bartley GB、Albert DM、Liesegang TJ。谨慎选择我们的措辞：互联网时代的剽窃。 眼科。 2014 年;121：807-808。可在 https://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420%2813%2901249-9/fulltext 购买。
Precedence
优先
Ophthalmology strongly discourages claims of precedence or size. Authors who nevertheless claim precedence for an idea, observation, or therapy should describe the literature search methodology used to support their assertion.
眼科 强烈反对声称优先权或大小。然而，声称某个想法、观察或疗法优先的作者应该描述用于支持其断言的文献检索方法。
Reference Format
参考格式
Indicate references by (consecutive) superscript Arabic numerals in the order in which they appear in the text. The numerals are to be used outside periods and commas, inside colons and semicolons. For further detail and examples, please refer to the AMA Manual of Style, A Guide for Authors and Editors, 11th Edition, ISBN 978-0190246556.
用（连续的）上标阿拉伯数字表示参考文献，其顺序是它们在文本中出现的顺序。数字应在句点和逗号之外 使用，在 冒号和分号内使用 。有关更多详细信息和示例，请参阅 AMA 风格手册，作者和编辑指南，第 11 版，ISBN 978-0190246556。
Number references in the order in which they appear in the text.
按照引用在文本中出现的顺序对引用进行编号。
Most manuscripts in Ophthalmology are neither intended to be review articles nor require encyclopedic referencing. Twenty or 30 references suffice for most manuscripts and nearly all can be presented with less than 40. This limitation does not apply to Systematic Reviews or Meta-analyses.
眼科的 大多数手稿既不是为了成为评论文章，也不需要百科全书式的参考。 对于大多数手稿来说，20 或 30 篇参考文献就足够了，几乎所有的参考文献都可以少于 40 篇。此限制不适用于系统评价或荟萃分析。
Examples:
例子：
Reference to a journal publication:
期刊出版物的参考资料：
1. Van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA. The art of writing a scientific article. J Sci Commun. 2010;163:51-59.
1. Van der Geer J， Hanraads JAJ， Lupton RA.写科学文章的艺术。 J 科学通讯。 2010 年;163：51-59。
Reference to a book:
参考一本书：
2. Strunk W Jr, White EB. The Elements of Style. 4th ed. New York, NY: Longman; 2000.
2. Strunk W Jr， White EB. 风格的元素。第 4 版。纽约州纽约市：朗文;2000 年。
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
对编辑书籍中章节的引用：
3. Mettam GR, Adams LB. How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In: Jones BS, Smith RZ, eds. Introduction to the Electronic Age. New York, NY: E-Publishing Inc; 2009:281-304.
3. Mettam GR，亚当斯 LB。如何准备文章的电子版本。在：Jones BS， Smith RZ， eds. 电子时代导论。纽约州纽约市：E-Publishing Inc;2009：281-304.
Reference to a website:
对网站的引用：
4. Cancer Research UK. Cancer statistics reports for the UK. https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/worldwide-cancer-heading-Zero; 2017 Accessed March 3, 2013.
4. 英国癌症研究中心。英国癌症统计报告。 https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/worldwide-cancer-heading-Zero; 2017 年 2013 年 3 月 3 日访问。
Reference to dataset:
对 dataset 的引用：
5. Oguro M, Imahiro S, Saito S, Nakashizuka T. Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt disease and surrounding forest compositions, Mendeley Data, v1; 2015. https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/xwj98nb39r/1.
5. Oguro M， Imahiro S， Saito S， Nakashizuka T. 日本橡树枯萎病和周围森林成分的死亡率数据，Mendeley 数据，v1;2015. https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/xwj98nb39r/1。
Reports
报告
Reports Reports are typically submitted after invitation from the Editorial Board. Specifically, some full-length manuscripts contain noteworthy information that can be presented in a more concise format. The Editorial Board may invite the authors to abridge their work, taking into consideration suggestions for revision in the initial reviews, and resubmit the paper as a Report.
报告 报告通常在编辑委员会邀请后提交。具体来说，一些完整的手稿包含值得注意的信息，可以以更简洁的格式呈现。编辑委员会可以邀请作者删节他们的工作，并在初步审查中考虑修改建议，并将论文作为报告重新提交。
Ophthalmology has the right of first refusal to any manuscript or Report derived from a presentation at the American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting. An invitation is not required for material that has been submitted to or accepted for presentation at the Academy Annual Meeting (see the [AAO Meeting Papers and Poster section](#AAO Meeting Paper)).
眼科 对在美国眼科学会年会上发表的任何手稿或报告拥有优先购买权。已提交至学院年会或已接受在学院年会上展示的材料不需要邀请函（参见 [AAO 会议论文和海报部分]（#AAO 会议论文））。
The submission should be double-spaced and include a title of not more than 80 characters (spaces included). Reports may not exceed 1000 words or include more than 7 references, and may feature one figure, graph, chart, or concise table on the print version. Three additional items can be included as online supplemental material. Please insert “(available at www.aaojournal.org)” at relevant point(s) in your manuscript. Please note that online supplemental material must conform to the same requirements regarding legends, abbreviations, etc. as for the print publication. A 35-word unstructured abstract is required for editors'/reviewers' view only and will not publish with the report. Please submit a 35-word unstructured abstract on the online submission form field labelled “abstract.”
提交的内容应为双倍行距，并包含不超过 80 个字符（包括空格）的标题。报告不得超过 1000 字或包含超过 7 个参考文献，并且印刷版本上可以包含一个图形、图形、图表或简明表格。可以包含三个其他项目作为在线补充材料。请在稿件的相关位置插入“（available at www.aaojournal.org）”。 请注意，在线补充材料必须符合与印刷出版物相同的图例、缩写等要求。35 字的非结构化摘要仅供编辑/审稿人查看，不会与报告一起发布。请在在线提交表格字段中提交一份 35 字的非结构化摘要，并标有“摘要”。
The text should be in narrative rather than a structured format. When uploading Reports, please select the “Case Report” article type, select “Report-Invited” article type, and include the manuscript number of the original submission on the cover letter. Please include a point-by-point response to the original reviewer(s)’ questions and suggestions. Please note that an acknowledgment section is reserved for grants and funding only. Please consider the following resources that may help improve reporting of case series submissions:
文本应采用叙述性格式，而不是结构化格式。上传报告时，请选择 “Case Report” 文章类型，选择 “Report-Invited” 文章类型，并在投稿信中注明原始提交的稿件编号。请逐点回答原始审稿人的问题和建议。请注意，鸣谢部分仅用于赠款和资助。请考虑以下可能有助于改进案例系列提交的报告的资源：
Jabs DA. Improving the Reporting of Clinical Case Series. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139(1):7-10.
Jabs DA.改进临床病例系列的报告。 美国眼科杂志。2005 年;139（1）：7-10。
Kempen J. Appropriate Use and Reporting of Uncontrolled Case Series in the Medical Literature. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;151(5):900-905.
Kempen J. 医学文献中不受控制的病例系列的适当使用和报告。 Am J Ophthalmol. 2011 年;151（5）：900-905。
Di Loreto DA, Bressler NM, Bressler SB, Schachat AP. Use of Best and Final Visual Acuity Outcomes in Ophthalmological Research. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121(11):1586-1590. doi:10.1001/archopht.121.11.1586
Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis
系统评价和荟萃分析
Systematic reviews seek to collect, synthesize, and critically assess all evidence that fits pre-specified criteria to answer a clinical question pertaining to the cause, diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, or therapy for a condition. A systematic review may contain a meta-analysis, which uses statistical methods to combine results from similar but independent studies.
系统评价旨在收集、综合和批判性评估所有符合预先指定标准的证据，以回答与病因、诊断、预后、预防或治疗有关的临床问题。系统评价可能包含荟萃分析，该分析使用统计方法将相似但独立的研究结果结合起来。
It is possible to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence supporting any type of research question, whether the question is about intervention effectiveness or harm, etiology, prognosis, diagnostic accuracy, toxicity, incidence, or prevalence. Where intervention effectiveness questions are typically addressed by randomized controlled trials, most other questions are addressed using observational studies. Systematic reviews may also be conducted for human or animal studies.
可以对支持任何类型研究问题的证据进行系统评价和荟萃分析，无论问题是关于干预效果或伤害、病因、预后、诊断准确性、毒性、发生率还是患病率。干预效果问题通常由随机对照试验解决，而大多数其他问题则通过观察性研究来解决。也可以对人类或动物研究进行系统评价。
Authors should state whether there was an a priori protocol for the review, and ideally reference a published protocol or provide a copy of the protocol as Online Supplementary Materials. At a minimum, the systematic review should have been prospectively registered (e.g., in PROSPERO: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/). The registration number should be included in both the abstract and text.
作者应说明是否有 用于综述的先验 方案，最好引用已发布的方案或提供方案副本作为在线补充材料。至少，系统综述应该已经前瞻性注册（例如，在 PROSPERO： https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/）。摘要和正文中均应包含注册号。
Key features of a systematic review include:
系统综述的主要特点包括：
a clearly stated set of objectives with pre-defined eligibility criteria for studies;
一套明确规定的目标和预先定义的研究资格标准;
an explicit, reproducible methodology;
一种明确的、可重复的方法;
systematic literature searches that attempt to identify all relevant studies that would meet the eligibility criteria;
系统性文献检索，试图确定所有符合纳入标准的相关研究;
an assessment of the internal validity of included studies, for example by assessing risk of bias using a validated tool (e.g., Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials, AMSTAR or AMSTAR-2 for systematic reviews); and
评估纳入研究的内部效度，例如使用经过验证的工具（例如，随机对照试验的 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具，系统评价的 AMSTAR 或 AMSTAR-2）评估偏倚风险;以及
systematic presentation, and synthesis of the characteristics and findings of the included studies (see Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al (eds). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.0 [updated July 2010]. Cochrane, 2019. Available at: https://training.cochrane.org/handbook)
系统介绍和综合纳入研究的特征和结果（参见 Higgins JPT、Thomas J、Chandler J 等人（编辑）。 Cochrane 干预 系统评价手册 6.0 版 [2010 年 7 月更新]。 科克伦，2019 年。见： https://training.cochrane.org/handbook）
Further details regarding current best practices for the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews can be found here, and the elements described should be explicitly addressed within the submission.
有关当前进行和报告系统评价的最佳实践的更多详细信息，请点击此处 ，并且应在提交材料中明确说明所描述的要素。
For standards and classic references in conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses, please refer to:
有关进行系统评价和荟萃分析的标准和经典参考文献，请参阅：
Institute of Medicine. Finding what works in health care: standards for systematic reviews. 2011.
医学研究所。 寻找在医疗保健中有效的方法：系统评价标准。2011 年。
Higgins J, Lasserson T, Chandler J, et al. Methodological Expectations of Cochrane Intervention Reviews (MECIR). Version March 2020. Available at: https://community.cochrane.org/mecir-manual.
Higgins J， Lasserson T， Chandler J， et al. Cochrane 干预评价 （MECIR） 的方法学期望。版本 2020 年 3 月。网址： https://community.cochrane.org/mecir-manual。
Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al (eds). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 6.0 [updated July 2010]. Cochrane, 2019. Available at: https://training.cochrane.org/handbook.
Higgins JPT、Thomas J、Chandler J 等人（编辑）。 Cochrane 干预系统评价手册。版本 6.0 [更新于 2010 年 7 月]。科克伦，2019 年。网址： https://training.cochrane.org/handbook。
Cochrane Handbook for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Reviews [In progress]. Available at: https://methods.cochrane.org/sdt/handbook-dta-reviews
Cochrane 诊断测试准确性评价 手册 [进行中]。见： https://methods.cochrane.org/sdt/handbook-dta-reviews
Little J, Higgins JPT (eds). The HuGENE® HuGE Review Handbook, version 1.0. Guidelines for systematic review and meta-analysis of gene disease association studies (see also Systematic Reviews of Genetic Association Studies, PLoS Medicine 2009;6(3):e1000028)
小 J，希金斯 JPT（编辑）。 HuGENE® HuGE 评论手册， 1.0 版。基因疾病关联研究的系统评价和荟萃分析指南（另见遗传关联研究的系统评价，PLoS Medicine 2009;6（3）：e1000028）
Systematic Reviews. CRD's guidance for undertaking reviews in health care. Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70065-7IF: 36.4 Q1
A complete list of guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses can be found at the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research (EQUATOR) network's website (see https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/). We strongly recommend you visit the EQUATOR's website for reporting guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of other study designs (e.g., individual participant data, health equity, genetic association studies).
报告系统评价和荟萃分析的完整指南列表可在增强 健康研究质量和透明度 （EQUATOR） 网络的网站上找到（见 https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/）。我们强烈建议您访问 EQUATOR 的网站，了解其他研究设计（例如，个体参与者数据、健康公平、遗传关联研究）的系统评价和荟萃分析的报告指南。
For reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses, if you are submitting a report of:
对于报告系统评价和荟萃分析，如果您提交的报告是：
A systematic review and/or meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, please follow the appropriate PRISMA guidelines for reporting (see http://www.prisma-statement.org/);
随机对照试验的系统评价和/或荟萃分析，请遵循适当的 PRISMA 报告指南（见 http://www.prisma-statement.org/）;
A systematic review and/or meta-analysis of observational studies, please follow the MOOSE guidelines for reporting.
观察性研究的系统评价和/或荟萃分析，请遵循 MOOSE 报告指南。
The appropriate reporting checklist and flow diagram should be completed and included with the submission; this may be as Online Supplementary Material.
应填写适当的报告清单和流程图，并将其包含在提交中;这可以作为在线补充材料。
Title Page:
扉页：
The title should clearly describe the research question and identify the report as a systematic review, meta-analysis, or both in the subtitle. (Example: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular age-related macular degeneration - A systematic review and meta-analysis.)
标题应清楚地描述研究问题，并在副标题中将报告标识为系统评价、荟萃分析或两者兼而有之。（示例：新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性的抗血管内皮生长因子 - 系统评价和荟萃分析。
Précis:
概要：
The précis should indicate a new insight the article offers or a principal controversy that is addressed.
摘要应表明文章提供的新见解或解决的主要争议。
Structured Abstracts:
结构化摘要：
Abstracts for systematic reviews and meta-analyses must be limited to 350 words and include five sections following the PRISMA guidelines:
系统评价和荟萃分析的摘要必须限制在 350 字以内，并包括遵循 PRISMA 指南的五个部分：
Topic: provide an explicit statement of the specific clinical question being addressed with reference to a brief description of the participants, interventions (or exposures), comparators, and outcomes examined.
主题：提供所解决的具体临床问题的明确陈述，并参考对参与者、干预措施（或暴露）、比较对象和检查结果的简要描述。
Clinical relevance: characterize the magnitude and importance of the condition; when relevant, define the current standard of care.
临床相关性：描述病情的严重程度和重要性;在相关时，定义当前的护理标准。
Methods: describe the key eligibility criteria for including studies in the systematic review, key databases searched and search dates, methods of assessing the risk of bias in the individual studies.
方法：描述将研究纳入系统评价的关键合格标准、检索的关键数据库和检索日期、评估单个研究偏倚风险的方法。
Results: summarize the number and type of included studies and participants, and relevant characteristics of studies; describe the results of main outcomes (benefits and harms), preferably indicating the number of studies and participants for each. If a meta-analysis was done, include summary measures and confidence intervals; report the direction of the effect or association (i.e., which group is favored) and size of the effect using language meaningful to clinicians and patients.
结果：总结纳入研究和受试者的数量和类型，以及研究的相关特征;描述主要结局（益处和危害）的结果，最好说明每项的研究和受试者的数量。如果进行了荟萃分析，则包括总结测量和置信区间;使用对临床医生和患者有意义的语言报告效应或关联的方向（即，哪个组更受欢迎）和效应的大小。
Conclusion: summarize the strengths and limitations of the evidence, your general interpretation of the results, and important implications.
结论：总结证据的优势和局限性，您对结果的一般解释以及重要意义。
At a minimum, the systematic review should have been prospectively registered (e.g., in PROSPERO: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/). The registration number should be included in both the abstract and text. Note that the abstract content and conclusions should agree with what is in the manuscript text.
至少，系统综述应该已经前瞻性注册（例如，在 PROSPERO： https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/）。摘要和正文中均应包含注册号。请注意，摘要内容和结论应与手稿文本中的内容一致。
Manuscript text
手稿文本
The text should use standard journal formatting and be divided into four distinct sections. The brief descriptions below are gathered from the PRISMA Checklist: http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/Checklist and PRISMA flow diagrams: http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/FlowDiagram, the MOOSE guidelines, and the Standards for the Reporting of Cochrane Intervention Reviews. The text should report institutional review board approval or exemption, financial disclosures and potential conflicts of interest of the authors, and funding sources of the review.
文本应使用标准期刊格式，并分为四个不同的部分。以下简要描述来自 PRISMA 检查表： http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/Checklist 和 PRISMA 流程图： http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/FlowDiagram、MOOSE 指南和 Cochrane 干预综述报告标准。文本应报告机构审查委员会的批准或豁免、作者的财务披露和潜在利益冲突，以及审查的资金来源。
1. Introduction (unlabeled) should provide a concise description of the condition or clinical problem addressed by the review question, provide perspectives on the importance of its management to patient well-being and quality of life, and why it is important to do the review. Always end the introduction with a clear and concise statement of the study’s main objectives or hypotheses.
1. 引言 （无标签）应简要描述综述问题所涉及的病症或临床问题，提供其管理对患者福祉和生活质量的重要性的观点，以及为什么进行综述很重要。始终以清晰简洁地陈述研究的主要目标或假设来结束引言。
2. Methods: The methods section should include the following subheadings:
2. 方法： 方法部分应包括以下小标题：
Eligibility criteria for considering studies for this review: state eligibility criteria for participants, interventions (or exposures) and comparators, and eligible study design(s) if applicable. Define primary and secondary outcomes of the review and state whether an article had to report measurement of at least one of the outcomes to be eligible. If so, provide rationale.
考虑本综述研究的资格标准：说明受试者的资格标准、干预措施（或暴露）和对照，以及符合条件的研究设计（如果适用）。定义综述的主要和次要结局，并说明文章是否必须报告至少一个结局的测量才符合条件。如果是这样，请提供理由。
Search methods for identifying studies: list all information sources searched, including databases, trial registries, websites, difficult-to-access literature (e.g., grey literature, conference proceedings), reference lists of included studies, and whether individuals or organizations were contacted. For all searches, provide the date of the last search and whether there was any time period or language restriction. Present the exact full search strategy (or strategies) used for at least one database in an Appendix with sufficient detail to permit replication. Report which software was used to manage the records identified and eligibility status.
检索研究的方法：列出检索的所有信息来源，包括数据库、试验注册库、网站、难以访问的文献（例如，灰色文献、会议论文集）、纳入研究的参考文献列表，以及是否联系了个人或组织。对于所有检索，请提供上次检索的日期以及是否存在任何时间段或语言限制。在附录中提供用于至少一个数据库的确切完整搜索策略（或策略），并提供足够的详细信息以允许复制。报告用于管理已识别记录的软件以及资格状态。
Study selection: describe the process for selecting studies, how many people were involved at each step of the review, whether any steps were done by more than one person, and if so whether they worked independently and how different opinions were resolved.
研究选择：描述选择研究的过程，综述的每个步骤涉及多少人，是否有任何步骤由多人完成，如果有，他们是否独立工作以及如何解决不同的意见。
Data collection and risk of bias assessment: List and define data items extracted from the reports of included studies. Describe methods used for assessing risk of bias of included studies (risk of bias is a formal assessment of what is often considered study “quality”), and how this information was used in any data synthesis. Describe the process for data extraction and risk of bias assessment, how many people were involved at each step, whether any steps were done by more than one person, and if so whether they worked independently and how different opinions were resolved. Report the software used for data collection and management.
资料收集和偏倚风险评估：列出并定义从纳入研究报告中提取的数据项。描述用于评估纳入研究偏倚风险的方法（偏倚风险是对通常被认为是研究“质量”的正式评估），以及如何在任何数据综合中使用这些信息。描述数据提取和偏倚风险评估的过程，每个步骤涉及多少人，是否有任何步骤由多人完成，如果有，他们是否独立工作以及如何解决不同的意见。报告用于数据收集和管理的软件。
Data synthesis and analysis: state the methods for combining results across studies, which include qualitative synthesis and quantitative synthesis (i.e., meta-analysis). State the summary measures used to quantify the treatment effect or association such as risk ratio, odds ratio, and difference in means. Describe methods for assessing clinical, methodological, and statistical heterogeneity (e.g., I2 statistic, tau-squared, statistical test). Describe methods for additional analyses such as meta-regression, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis, if done, indicate which were pre-specified. State the statistical software used for analysis. Indicate whether a systematic review protocol exists, if so, where and how it can be accessed; and if available, provide systematic review registration information including registration number.
数据综合和分析：说明合并不同研究结果的方法，包括定性综合和定量综合（即荟萃分析）。说明用于量化治疗效果或关联的汇总措施，例如风险比、比值比和均值差异。描述评估临床、方法学和统计异质性的方法（例如，I2 统计量、tau 方、统计检验）。描述其他分析的方法，例如 meta 回归、亚组分析和敏感性分析，如果完成，请指出哪些是预先指定的。说明用于分析的统计软件。说明是否存在系统综述方案，如果存在，在何处以及如何访问;如果有，请提供系统综述注册信息，包括注册号。
3. Results: Provide numbers of studies retrieved, screened, assessed in full for eligibility, included in the review, and included in the meta-analysis, with reasons for exclusion at each stage, ideally with a flow diagram. Present characteristics of included studies including information on the study design, participants, interventions (or exposures) and comparators, outcomes, and source of funding, ideally in a table. Present domain-based risk of bias assessment of each study, ideally in a table or a figure. Composite quality scores and scales are discouraged. For all outcomes considered, irrespective of the direction or strength of the results, present, (1) simple summary data for each group, and (2) estimates of treatment effect (or association) between groups with a measure of statistical uncertainty (e.g., confidence intervals). If meta-analysis was done, report meta-analytical results ideally with a forest plot, number of studies and participants for each meta-analysis, as well as measures of statistical heterogeneity. Present results of any additional analyses (such as meta-regression, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis) if done. Provide a thoughtful qualitative synthesis by analyzing the nature, strengths, and weaknesses of the evidence, and developing a deeper understanding of how an intervention might work (or not), or whether a true association exists, for whom and under what circumstances.
3. 结果： 提供检索、筛选、全面评估合格性、纳入综述和纳入荟萃分析的研究数量，以及每个阶段排除的原因，最好有流程图。介绍纳入研究的特征，包括有关研究设计、受试者、干预措施（或暴露）和对照、结局和资金来源的信息，最好放在表格中。提供每项研究的基于领域的偏倚风险评估，最好以表格或数字的形式进行。不鼓励使用综合质量评分和量表。对于所考虑的所有结局，无论结果的方向或强度如何，都提供 （1） 每组的简单汇总数据，以及 （2） 组间治疗效果（或关联）的估计值，并带有统计不确定性的度量（例如，置信区间）。如果进行了荟萃分析，最好用森林图、每次荟萃分析的研究和受试者数量以及统计异质性的测量来报告 meta 分析结果。如果完成，请提供任何其他分析（例如 meta 回归、亚组分析和敏感性分析）的结果。通过分析证据的性质、优势和劣势，并更深入地了解干预措施如何有效（或无效），或者是否存在真正的关联、针对谁以及在什么情况下，提供深思熟虑的定性综合。
4.Discussion: Summarizes the main findings including the strength of evidence for each main outcome. Provide a general interpretation of the evidence considering their relevance to key stakeholders, including patients, healthcare providers, researchers, payers, and policy makers. A Summary of Findings or GRADE table is optional. Discuss limitations at study and outcome level (such as risk of bias), and at review level (such as incomplete retrieval of identified studies, reporting biases). Provide a general interpretation of the results in the context of other evidence, and implications for practice and future research.
4.讨论：总结主要发现，包括每个主要结局的证据强度。考虑到证据与关键利益相关者（包括患者、医疗保健提供者、研究人员、支付方和政策制定者）的相关性，提供证据的一般解释。Summary of Findings （结果摘要） 或 GRADE 表是可选的。讨论研究和结局层面的局限性（如偏倚风险）和综述层面（如已确定研究的不完整检索、报告偏倚）。在其他证据的背景下提供对结果的一般解释，以及对实践和未来研究的影响。
In the cover letter to the Editor, please state explicitly (1) whether reporting guidelines have been followed, if so, which reporting guidelines; (2) whether the exact full search strategy (or strategies) used for at least one database was presented in an Appendix with sufficient detail to permit replication. Failure to follow the reporting guidelines or upload the search strategy may result in delay in review or rejection of the manuscript. Please submit a PRISMA worksheet and diagram as separate files.
在给编辑的求职信中，请明确说明（1）是否遵循了报告准则，如果有，遵循了哪些报告准则;（2） 附录中是否提供了用于至少一个数据库的确切完整搜索策略（或多种策略），并提供了足够的细节以允许复制。不遵循报告指南或上传检索策略可能会导致稿件审核延迟或被拒绝。请将 PRISMA 工作表和图表作为单独的文件提交。
Checklist: http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/Checklist
清单： http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/Checklist
Diagrams: http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/FlowDiagram
图表： http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/FlowDiagram
Translational Science Reviews
转化科学评论
Translational Science Reviews aim to provide authoritative summaries of state-of-the-art research that bridges the gap between basic and clinical science and which may have broad clinical impact within a few years. For example, in the years prior to the FDA approval of anti-VEGF drugs to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration, an article in this section might have summarized the relevant basic research that supported Phase 1 human studies for anti-VEGF drugs that are now widely used. Manuscripts should be broadly accessible as the intended audience includes ophthalmologists whose primary focus is usually clinical practice. Please avoid jargon and do not assume that laboratory techniques will be understood by all readers. Translational Science Reviews are usually solicited by the editor for this section, Marco Zarbin, MD, PhD. Suggestions for topics are welcome, however, and can be directed to Dr. Zarbin (send suggestions to (aaojournal@aao.org) and add “TSR” in the subject line).
Translational Science Reviews 旨在提供最先进研究的权威摘要，这些研究弥合了基础科学和临床科学之间的差距，并可能在几年内产生广泛的临床影响。例如，在 FDA 批准抗 VEGF 药物治疗新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性的几年里，本节中的一篇文章可能总结了支持现在广泛使用的抗 VEGF 药物的 1 期人体研究的相关基础研究。手稿应该易于广泛访问，因为目标受众包括眼科医生，他们通常主要关注临床实践。请避免使用行话，不要假设所有读者都能理解实验室技术。转化科学评论通常由本节的编辑 Marco Zarbin， MD， PhD 征集。但是，欢迎对主题提出建议，并且可以直接发送给 Zarbin 博士（将建议发送至 （aaojournal@aao.org） 并在主题行中添加“TSR”）。
Statistics
统计学
Ophthalmlology follows The New England Journal Medicine’s guidelines for the design and reporting of research studies, for both observational studies and clinical trials (see https://www.nejm.org/author-center/new-manuscripts “Statistical Reporting Guidelines”). These include a clear description of sample size and power calculations, appropriate management of missing data, appropriate adjustment for multiple comparisons, significance tests accompanied by confidence intervals, and care to avoid over precision in the reporting of P values. For clinical trials, Ophthalmology strongly encourages submission of the original statistical analysis plan along with any subsequent amendments. The analysis should reflect the primary and secondary outcomes as reported in the initial protocol, with clear justification for any deviation.
眼科 遵循 《新英格兰医学 杂志》关于观察性研究和临床试验的研究设计和报告指南（参见 https://www.nejm.org/author-center/new-manuscripts “统计报告指南”）。这些包括对样本量和功效计算的明确描述、对缺失数据的适当管理、对多重比较的适当调整、伴有置信区间的显着性检验，以及注意避免在报告 P 值时过于精确。对于临床试验， Ophthalmology 强烈建议提交原始统计分析计划以及任何后续修订。分析应反映初始方案中报告的主要和次要结局，并为任何偏差提供明确的理由。
Study Design
研究设计
Authors are asked to describe the design of their study as part of the structured abstract. Doing so serves several purposes. It encourages authors to give careful thought to what they have actually done, it provides a useful shortcut for editors and reviewers to categorize the submission, and it gives the reader a useful descriptor of the type of study that was performed.
作者被要求将他们的研究设计描述为结构化摘要的一部分。这样做有几个目的。它鼓励作者仔细考虑他们实际做了什么，它为编辑和审稿人提供了一个有用的捷径来对提交的内容进行分类，并为读者提供了一个有用的描述符，说明所进行的研究类型。
The CONSORT Worksheet (https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/CONSORT-2010-Checklist.pdf) for randomized controlled trials has been required since 1996 and is available online. The following chart (https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/OPHTHA_STUDY_DESIGN.docx) provides basic information regarding study designs.
自 1996 年以来，随机对照试验的 CONSORT 工作表 （https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/CONSORT-2010-Checklist.pdf） 一直是必需的，并且可以在线获取。下图 （https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/OPHTHA_STUDY_DESIGN.docx） 提供了有关研究设计的基本信息。
Tables
表
Tables require substantial space; please give careful consideration to the number of tables submitted and design tables to fit on one formatted page. The information should not be extensively iterated in the text. Place the information in the text or in a table but not both.
表格需要大量空间;请仔细考虑提交的表格数量，并设计表格以适合一个格式化页面。这些信息不应该在文本中广泛迭代。将信息放在文本或表格中，但不能同时放在两者中。
Each table must be titled and numbered consecutively as mentioned in the text. Each column must have a heading. Terminology used within tables should be able to stand independently, without the requirement of explanation from the text. Use abbreviations and acronyms only if imperative for reasonable table formatting. All abbreviations and acronyms must be explained in the table legend. References for tables should be included in the main reference list. If unpublished data or abstract need to be referenced in a table, please place it as a footnote.
每张表格必须按照文中提到的连续标题和编号。每列必须有一个标题。表格中使用的术语应该能够独立存在，无需从文本中解释。仅当对于合理的表格格式设置是必需的时，才使用缩写和首字母缩略词。所有缩写和首字母缩略词都必须在表格图例中解释。表格的参考文献应包含在主参考文献列表中。如果需要在表格中引用未发表的数据或摘要，请将其作为脚注。
Tables for print publication must be uploaded as individual Word documents, one table per file. If a table is longer than one page in Microsoft Word, it may be too large to print and would work better as an online-only Supplemental Table. Online-only Supplemental Tables must be uploaded as PDF files, one table per PDF file.
用于印刷出版物的表格必须作为单独的 Word 文档上传，每个文件一个表格。如果表格在 Microsoft Word 中超过一页，则它可能太大而无法打印，并且作为仅限联机的补充表格效果更好。仅限在线的补充表必须以 PDF 文件的形式上传，每个 PDF 文件一个表。
Video Clips
视频剪辑
If submitting video as an online supplement, add a reference to it in parentheses at an appropriate place within the text of the manuscript. Also, add a statement to the title page that should read similar to “This article contains a video as additional online-only material. The following should appear online-only: Clip 1, Clip 2 and Clip 3.” The materials will be archived with the online version on the publisher’s website https://www.aaojournal.org/ and accessible through Medline and other online databases.
如果以在线增刊的形式提交视频，请在手稿文本的适当位置用括号添加对视频的引用。此外，在标题页添加一条声明，内容应类似于“本文包含一个视频作为额外的在线专用材料。以下内容应仅显示在线内容：剪辑 1、剪辑 2 和剪辑 3。这些材料将与在线版本一起存档在出版商的网站上 https://www.aaojournal.org/ ，并通过 Medline 和其他在线数据库访问。
We do not have video editing software, but a website with useful tips on reducing file size can be found at https://www.deskshare.com/Resources/articles/dmc_ReduceFileSize.aspx
我们没有视频编辑软件，但可以在 https://www.deskshare.com/Resources/articles/dmc_ReduceFileSize.aspx 上找到一个包含减小文件大小的有用提示的网站
Maximum: 8 minutes total. We recommend several smaller clips that do not exceed 8 minutes.
最长：总共 8 分钟。我们建议使用几个不超过 8 分钟的较小剪辑。
Size: recommended size 10-50 MB, and the maximum size is 100 MB.
大小：建议大小为 10-50 MB，最大为 100 MB。
File extension types: .MPG (MPEG-1 or 2), .AVI, .MOV
文件扩展名类型：.MPG（MPEG-1 或 2）、.AVI、.MOV的
Upload a still image of each video clip.
上传每个视频剪辑的静止图像。
Audio commentary to describe the video is highly recommended. Please do not use background music.
强烈建议使用音频解说来描述视频。请不要使用背景音乐。
Within the submission, there must be a brief legend describing contents of the video and indicates the viewing order.
在提交的内容中，必须有一个简短的图例来描述视频的内容并指示观看顺序。
Video files should be loaded with the submission into the electronic submission system. File names should correspond to video legends.
视频文件应与提交的内容一起加载到电子提交系统中。文件名应与视频图例相对应。
On the title page include “This manuscript contains [insert number of video clips].
在扉页上包括“此手稿包含 [插入视频剪辑数量]。
Upload with submission using the “multimedia” file type.
使用 “multimedia” 文件类型上传并提交。
Review and Publication Process
审查和发布流程
It is the corresponding author’s responsibility to check periodically the status of his/her manuscript. An e-mail with a decision will be sent with instructions to the corresponding author to go to the online submission site if a revision is warranted.
通讯作者有责任定期检查他/她的手稿状态。如果需要修改，将向通讯作者发送一封包含决定的电子邮件，并说明他们前往在线提交网站。
Each manuscript submission will be acknowledged in the order received in the Editorial Office. The acknowledgment letter will note the number assigned to the manuscript. All subsequent inquiries about the manuscript must indicate the manuscript number. Usually Editorial Board members and two or more reviewers will participate in the review of a manuscript. The journal does not reveal the identity of its reviewers but does provide pertinent comments to the corresponding author. Re-review may be required after revision if, in the judgment of the Editor-in-Chief, sufficient modification of the manuscript or data justifies another review cycle or if one (or more) of the reviewers requested to see the revision. A point-by-point response is required to the reviewers’ comments. Authors should upload two versions of the revised manuscript – one with “track changes” to show where revisions have been made and a “clean” copy. Revised manuscripts are due within 60 days. The Editor-in-Chief has final authority on all editorial decisions unless the editor has been recused, e.g., if the editor is an author, in which case the review process is overseen and the decision made by a designated editorial board member.
每篇提交的手稿将按照编辑部收到的顺序进行确认。确认信将注明分配给手稿的编号。所有关于手稿的后续查询都必须注明手稿编号。通常，编辑委员会成员和两名或两名以上的审稿人将参与稿件的审稿工作。该期刊没有透露其审稿人的身份，但会向通讯作者提供中肯的评论。如果主编认为对稿件或数据的充分修改足以证明另一个审稿周期是合理的，或者如果一位（或多位）审稿人要求查看修订版，则可能需要在修订后重新审稿。需要对审阅者的评论进行逐点回复。作者应上传修改后的手稿的两个版本——一个带有 “跟踪更改” 以显示已进行修订的位置，另一个 “干净 ”的副本。修改后的手稿应在 60 天内提交。主编对所有编辑决定拥有最终决定权，除非编辑已回避，例如，如果编辑是作者，在这种情况下，审查过程由指定的编辑委员会成员监督并做出决定。
Revision Submission
修订提交
If invited to revise a manuscript, the corresponding author will receive an e-mail that contains the revise decision as well as the reviewers’ and/or editors’ comments. Log on as an author to https://www.editorialmanager.com/OPHTHA/default.aspx with your username and password. The manuscript will be in the author menu under “Submissions Needing Revision.”
如果被邀请修改手稿，通讯作者将收到一封电子邮件，其中包含修改决定以及审稿人和/或编辑的意见。以作者身份登录，以 使用您的用户名和密码进行 https://www.editorialmanager.com/OPHTHA/default.aspx 。手稿将位于作者菜单中的“需要修订的提交”下。
Review the editor/revision comments and, as appropriate, make changes to files based on these comments as well as the editorial office comments. Save two versions of the manuscript file – one showing “track changes” and the other a clean copy with all changes accepted. When all files are revised, go to https://www.editorialmanager.com/OPHTHA/default.aspx. Under “Submissions Needing Revision” select “Revise Submission” to start the revision submission. Revised manuscripts are due within 60 days.
查看编辑/修订评论，并根据需要根据这些评论以及编辑部的评论对文件进行更改。保存两个版本的手稿文件 - 一个显示 “跟踪更改”，另一个显示接受所有更改的干净副本。修改完所有文件后，转到 https://www.editorialmanager.com/OPHTHA/default.aspx。在“Submissions Needed Revision”（需要修订的提交）下，选择“Revise Submission”（修订提交）以开始提交修订。修改后的手稿应在 60 天内提交。
Instructions are provided on how to upload revised files and replace old ones in the “Attach Files” section. The following File Types are required to submit a revised article:
“附加文件”部分提供了有关如何上传修订文件和替换旧文件的说明。提交修订后的文章需要以下文件类型：
Manuscript File (the clean revised version)
手稿文件（干净的修订版）
Revised Manuscript File with Track Changes
修订后的手稿文件，带修订
Précis
概要
Author Contributorship Form
作者投稿表
ICMJE COI Form (one per author)
ICMJE COI 表格（每位作者一份）
Cover Letter
求职信
Response to Reviewers (Point-by-Point response)
对审阅者的响应 （Point-by-Point 响应）
A final opportunity is provided to review the completed revised version before clicking the final button “Complete Submission.” Please read and acknowledge the Ethics in Publishing statement before final submission.
在单击最后一个按钮“完成提交”之前，提供了最后一次机会来查看已完成的修订版本。在最终提交之前，请阅读并确认出版道德声明。
If you elect to withdraw your paper rather than submit a revision, please log on to the system and select “Decline to Revise.”
如果您选择撤回论文而不是提交修订，请登录系统并选择“拒绝修改”。
PLEASE REMEMBER:
请记住：
Point-by-point response: Please include a point-by-point response to each of the comments from the reviewer(s), editor(s), and/or editorial office. One technique that has proved useful both for authors and the Editorial Office is to create a 3-columned table, in a Word file, to summarize your revisions. (See template https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/oph-template-form.docx and sample https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/oph-sample-form.docx.) In the first column, list the reviewer's suggestion, question, or comment. In the second column, outline your response. If you disagree with the reviewer, please explain your reasoning. In the third column, specify where in the manuscript you have made any changes. Adding line numbers to the manuscript file and referring to specific line numbers will be useful in determining which parts of the manuscript changed. Please ensure that revisions in the text are also changed in the abstract, if applicable, and relevant tables and/or figures.
逐点回复：请包括对审稿人、编辑和/或编辑部的每条评论的逐点回复。一种已被证明对作者和编辑部都有用的技术是在 Word 文件中创建一个 3 列的表格，以总结您的修订。（见模板 https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/oph-template-form.docx 并采样 https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/oph-sample-form.docx。在第一列中，列出审阅者的建议、问题或评论。在第二列中，概述您的回答。如果您不同意审稿人的观点，请解释您的理由。在第三列中，指定您在手稿中所做的任何更改。在手稿文件中添加行号并引用特定的行号将有助于确定手稿的哪些部分发生了变化。请确保摘要（如适用）以及相关表格和/或图表中对文本中的修订也进行了更改。
References: At first revision, please review the reference format style guide and ensure that references are in the correct format.
参考文献：在第一次修订时，请查看参考文献格式样式指南，并确保参考文献的格式正确。
To expedite processing of a revised manuscript, please provide a photocopy of the title page (including journal name, volume number, year, page numbers) of any work cited that was published prior to 1970 in the United States. This information can be submitted as “related file.”
为了加快修改后的手稿的处理速度，请提供 1970 年之前在美国出版的任何引用作品的扉页（包括期刊名称、卷号、年份、页码）的复印件。此信息可以作为 “related file” 提交。
Figures: Please note any changes to figures in the point-by-point response.
数字：请注意逐点回复中对数字的任何更改。
If applicable, the revision decision letter will provide instructions on how to prepare figures to meet specific artwork guidelines for the publisher. If you cannot meet these guidelines, contact the editorial office before submitting your revisions.
修订决定函将说明如何准备图表以满足出版商的特定插图指南（如适用）。如果您无法满足这些准则，请在提交修订之前联系编辑部。
Please insert into the text at first mention of the supplemental figures “(available at www.aaojournal.org)” as well as specify on the cover page which figures are to be online-only supplemental materials.
请在正文中首次提及补充图表“（www.aaojournal.org 年提供 ）” ，并在封面上说明哪些图表应作为在线补充材料。
Authors: Please ensure the manuscript title on the cover page matches the title entered into the submission system. Any changes to authors require written explanation, as detailed above under “Authorship.”
作者：请确保封面上的稿件标题与投稿系统中输入的标题相匹配。对作者的任何更改都需要书面说明，如上文“作者身份”中所述。
File submission: Please upload two versions of your revised manuscript -- one showing “track changes” and one that is “clean.” Do not submit more than one version of any other file type unless specifically requested by the editorial office. Each file, revised or not, should be the current version of the submission. If not done with the initial submission, ICMJE conflict of interest forms from all authors and the Contributorship Form are required at revision.
文件提交：请上传您修改后的手稿的两个版本——一个显示“跟踪更改”，另一个显示“干净”。除非编辑部特别要求，否则不要提交任何其他文件类型的多个版本。每个文件，无论是否修改，都应该是提交内容的当前版本。如果未完成初始提交，则在修订时需要所有作者的 ICMJE 利益冲突表和 投稿人表 。
Rejection of Manuscripts
稿件的拒稿
By Other Journals
由 Other Journals
Rejection Rejection by another journal does not compromise consideration by Ophthalmology. Authors are required to inform the Editor-in-Chief of rejection by another journal on the cover letter and include copies of the previous review and the authors’ responses. Please use the point-by-point response template: https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/oph-template-form.docx
排斥 被其他期刊拒绝不会影响 Ocholmology 的 考虑。作者必须在投稿信中通知主编另一期刊的拒绝，并附上之前综述的副本和作者的回复。请使用逐点响应模板： https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/oph-template-form.docx
Appeals Regarding Manuscripts Rejected by Ophthalmology
关于眼科拒绝 的手稿的上诉
Ophthalmology is able to accept a relatively small percentage of submissions received. Therefore, many good manuscripts are declined, oftentimes despite favorable peer reviews. If your paper is rejected but the reviews are accurate, please do not appeal the decision or request additional reviews. Doing so distracts the journal's editors/reviewers from evaluating submissions and editorial staff from processing other manuscripts and is unfair to the authors of those papers. If, however, the reviewer or editor assessments are reconsidered, the Editor-in-Chief will entertain an appeal and reopen the manuscript's file.
Ophthalmology 能够接受相对较小比例的提交。因此，许多好的手稿被拒绝了，尽管同行评价很高。如果您的论文被拒绝但审稿准确，请不要对该决定提出上诉或要求额外的审稿。这样做会分散期刊的编辑/审稿人评估投稿的注意力，分散编辑人员处理其他手稿的注意力，对这些论文的作者不公平。但是，如果重新考虑审稿人或编辑的评估，主编将受理上诉并重新打开手稿的档案。
Any appeal must be made by the corresponding author to the Editorial Office by email prior to resubmitting the manuscript. Please do not resubmit a revised version of a rejected manuscript without an appeal to the Editorial office. Please do not resubmit until your original manuscript is released back to you. By waiting for the manuscript release, it ensures that your paper is processed under the same manuscript number, keeping the manuscript history intact. All resubmissions must be accompanied by an explanatory cover letter.
在重新提交手稿之前，通讯作者必须通过电子邮件向编辑部提出任何申诉。请不要在未向编辑部申诉的情况下重新提交被拒绝的手稿的修订版本。在您的原始手稿发回给您之前，请不要重新提交。通过等待稿件发布，它可以确保您的论文在相同的稿件编号下进行处理，同时保持稿件历史的完整性。所有重新提交必须附有解释性求职信。
Occasionally, a manuscript is rejected but the Editorial Board offers the option to resubmit a revised, abridged version as a Report. Please see the Report section for details.
有时，手稿会被拒绝，但编辑委员会提供了将修订后的删节版本作为报告重新提交的选项。有关详细信息，请参阅报告部分。
Peer Review
同行审查
This journal operates a single anonymized review process. All contributions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then typically sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor's decision is final. Editors are not involved in decisions about papers which they have written themselves or have been written by family members or colleagues or which relate to products or services in which the editor has an interest. Any such submission is subject to all the journal's usual procedures, with peer review handled independently of the relevant editor and their research groups. More information on types of peer review.
本期刊实行单一的匿名审稿流程。所有投稿将由编辑初步评估是否适合该期刊。然后，被认为合适的论文通常会发送给至少两名独立的专家评审员，以评估论文的科学质量。编辑对接受或拒绝文章的最终决定负责。编辑的决定为最终决定。编辑不参与关于他们自己撰写的论文或由家庭成员或同事撰写的论文或与编辑感兴趣的产品或服务相关的决定。任何此类提交都要遵守期刊的所有常规程序，同行评审独立于相关编辑及其研究小组进行。有关同行评审类型的更多信息。
Data References
数据引用
This journal encourages you to cite underlying or relevant datasets in your manuscript by citing them in your text and including a data reference in your Reference List. Data references should include the following elements: author name(s), dataset title, data repository, version (where available), year, and global persistent identifier. Add [dataset] immediately before the reference so we can properly identify it as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in your published article.
本期刊鼓励您在稿件中引用基础或相关数据集，方法是在正文中引用它们，并在参考文献列表中包含数据参考。数据引用应包括以下元素：作者姓名、数据集标题、数据存储库、版本（如果可用）、年份和全局永久标识符。在引用之前添加 [dataset]，以便我们可以正确地将其识别为数据引用。[dataset] 标识符不会显示在您发布的文章中。
Preprint references
预印本参考文献
Where a preprint has subsequently become available as a peer-reviewed publication, the formal publication should be used as the reference. If there are preprints that are central to your work or that cover crucial developments in the topic, but are not yet formally published, these may be referenced. Preprints should be clearly marked as such, for example by including the word preprint, or the name of the preprint server, as part of the reference. The preprint DOI should also be provided.
如果预印本随后作为同行评审出版物提供，则应使用正式出版物作为参考。如果有预印本对您的工作至关重要，或者涵盖了该主题的关键发展，但尚未正式发布，则可以引用这些预印本。预印本应明确标记，例如在参考文献中包含单词 preprint 或预印本服务器的名称。还应提供预印本 DOI。
Reference Management Software
参考管理软件
Most Elsevier journals have their reference template available in many of the most popular reference management software products. These include all products that support Citation Style Language styles, such as Mendeley and Zotero, as well as EndNote. Using the word processor plug-ins from these products, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article, after which citations and bibliographies will be automatically formatted in the journal's style.
大多数 Elsevier 期刊在许多最流行的参考文献管理软件产品中都提供了参考文献模板。其中包括支持 引文格式语言样式的所有产品，例如 Mendeley 和 Zotero，以及 EndNote。使用这些产品的文字处理器插件，作者在准备文章时只需选择合适的期刊模板，之后引文和书目将自动以期刊的样式进行格式化。
Users of Mendeley Desktop can easily install the reference style for this journal by clicking the following link: http://open.mendeley.com/use-citation-style/ophthalmology When preparing your manuscript, you will be able to select this style using the Mendeley plug-ins for Microsoft Word or LibreOffice.
Mendeley Desktop的用户可以通过点击以下链接轻松安装该期刊的参考文献格式： http://open.mendeley.com/use-citation-style/ophthalmology 在准备稿件时，您将能够使用Microsoft Word或LibreOffice的Mendeley插件来选择这种格式。
Data visualization
数据可视化
Include interactive data visualizations in your publication and let your readers interact and engage more closely with your research. Follow the instructions here to find out about available data visualization options and how to include them with your article.
在您的出版物中包含交互式数据可视化，让您的读者与您的研究更紧密地互动和互动。按照此处的说明 了解可用的数据可视化选项以及如何将它们包含在 您的文章中。
Research data & data sharing
研究数据&数据共享
Ophthalmology encourages and enables you to share data that supports your research publication where appropriate, and enables you to interlink the data with your published articles. Research data refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings. To facilitate reproducibility and data reuse, this journal also encourages you to share your software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.
Ophthalmology 鼓励并支持您在适当的情况下共享支持您的研究出版物的数据，并使您能够将数据与您发布的文章相互链接。研究数据是指验证研究结果的观察或实验结果。为了促进可重复性和数据重用，本期刊还鼓励您分享与项目相关的软件、代码、模型、算法、协议、方法和其他有用的材料。
Ophthalmology supports the NIH's policy to improve the reproducibility and reliability of NIH-funded research through effective and efficient data management and data sharing practices. The NIH Data Management & Sharing Policy Overview | Data Sharing (nih.gov) applies to “all research, funded or conducted in whole or in part by NIH, that results in the generation of scientific data.” The NIH strongly encourages the use of established repositories for sharing data and sets the expectation that data will be made accessible as soon as possible, and no later than the time of an associated publication, or the end of the award/support period, whichever comes first.
眼科 支持 NIH 的政策，即通过有效和高效的数据管理和数据共享实践来提高 NIH 资助的研究的可重复性和可靠性。NIH 数据管理和共享政策概述 |数据共享 （nih.gov） 适用于“由 NIH 全部或部分资助或进行的、导致科学数据生成的所有研究”。NIH 强烈鼓励使用已建立的存储库来共享数据，并设定了数据将尽快可供访问的期望，并且不迟于相关出版物的时间或奖励/支持期结束，以先到者为准。
Below are a number of ways in which you can associate data with your article or make a statement about the availability of your data when submitting your manuscript. If you are sharing data in one of these ways, you are encouraged to cite the data in your manuscript and reference list. Please refer to the “References” section for more information about data citation. For more information on depositing, sharing and using.
以下是 您可以将数据与您的文章相关联或在提交手稿时声明数据可用性的多种方式。如果您以这些方式之一共享数据，我们鼓励您在手稿和参考文献列表中引用数据。有关数据引用的更多信息，请参阅“参考文献”部分。有关存放、共享和使用的更多信息。
Data statement
数据声明
To foster transparency, we encourage you to state the availability of your data in your submission. This may be a requirement of your funding body or institution. If your data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to post, you will have the opportunity to indicate why during the submission process, for example by stating that the research data is confidential. The statement will appear with your published article on ScienceDirect. For more information, visit the Data Statement page.
为了提高透明度，我们鼓励您在提交的内容中说明您的数据的可用性。这可能是您的资助机构或机构的要求。如果您的数据无法访问或不适合发布，您将有机会在提交过程中说明原因，例如声明研究数据是机密的。该声明将与您在 ScienceDirect 上发表的文章一起显示。有关更多信息，请访问 数据声明页面。
Data Linking
数据链接
If you have made your research data available in a data repository, you can link your article directly to the dataset. Elsevier collaborates with several repositories to link articles on ScienceDirect with relevant repositories, giving readers access to underlying data that gives them a better understanding of the research described.
如果您已在数据存储库中提供研究数据，则可以将您的文章直接链接到数据集。爱思唯尔与多个知识库合作，将ScienceDirect上的文章与相关知识库链接起来，使读者能够访问基础数据，从而更好地了解所描述的研究。
There are different ways to link your datasets to your article. When available, you can directly link your dataset to your article by providing the relevant information in the submission system. For more information, visit the database linking page.
有多种方法可以将数据集链接到文章。如果可用，您可以通过在提交系统中提供相关信息来直接将数据集链接到您的文章。有关更多信息，请访问 数据库链接页面。
For supported data repositories a repository banner will automatically appear next to your published article on ScienceDirect.
对于 支持的数据存储库 ，存储库横幅将自动显示在您在ScienceDirect上发布的文章旁边。
In addition, you can link to relevant data or entities through identifiers within the text of your manuscript, using the following format: Database: xxxx (e.g., TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053; PDB: 1XFN).
此外，您可以使用以下格式通过手稿文本中的标识符链接到相关数据或实体：数据库：xxxx（例如，TAIR：AT1G01020;中央疾病控制委员会：734053;PDB：1XFN）。
Data Sharing
数据共享
To promote transparency and opportunities for further research, authors of work published in Ophthalmology are encouraged to provide access to relevant datasets in compliance with contemporary reporting standards. Authors may use domain-specific public archives (for example, ClinicalTrials.gov, GenBank, Protein Data Bank), or generic databases (for example, Dataverse, Dryad, Mendeley, or the Open Science Framework, or an institutional repository).
为了提高透明度和进一步研究的机会，鼓励在 Ophthalmology 上 发表的作品的作者提供对符合当代报告标准的相关数据集的访问。 作者可以使用特定领域的公共档案（例如，ClinicalTrials.gov、GenBank、Protein Data Bank）或通用数据库（例如，Dataverse、Dryad、Mendeley 或 Open Science Framework 或机构存储库）。
For additional information, please consult:
有关更多信息，请咨询：
Taichman DB, Backus J, Baethge C, et al. Sharing Clinical Trial Data: A Proposal From the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. JAMA 2016;315(5):467-468.
Taichman DB、Backus J、Baethge C 等人共享临床试验数据： 国际医学期刊编辑委员会的提案。 美国医学会 2016;315（5）：467-468。
After acceptance
接受后
Proofs
证明
If the submission is accepted, the corresponding author will receive typeset page proofs online. Accepted submissions, having been evaluated by our editorial board and peer-reviewed, are considered finalized pending the correction of any minor typographical or grammatical errors. Any substantial changes to the accepted submission made by the authors at proofs will be flagged by the production team and reviewed by the editorial board. Substantial changes may trigger a rescinding of acceptance so the paper can be reevaluated. Each corresponding author is expected to proofread all pages carefully and answer all queries posed by the copy editor. Page proofs should be reviewed by more than one person to enhance accuracy. All page proofs must be returned to the publisher within 72 hours of receipt to avoid delay in publication. The publisher does not send reminders; responding to the publisher with responses to author queries and requested changes is the corresponding author’s responsibility. The journal reserves final editorial approval for style, format, and grammar.
如果提交被接受，通讯作者将在线收到排版页面校样。被接受的提交内容，经过我们的编辑委员会评估和同行评审，在更正任何轻微的印刷或语法错误之前，将被视为已完成。作者在校样中对已接受的提交所做的任何实质性更改将由制作团队标记并由编辑委员会审查。重大更改可能会触发撤销接受，以便重新评估论文。每位通讯作者都应仔细校对所有页面并回答文案编辑提出的所有问题。页面校样应由多人审阅，以提高准确性。所有页面校样必须在收到后 72 小时内退还给出版商，以避免延迟发布。发布者不发送提醒;通讯作者负责通过回复作者查询和请求的更改来回复出版商。该期刊保留对格式、格式和语法的最终编辑批准。
Status of Papers After Acceptance
录用后论文状态
Authors are encouraged to visit the Online Author Communication (OACS) article-tracking page to see the production status of their accepted submission. Authors will need the last name of the corresponding author and reference number provided by Elsevier in the “Production has begun” e-mail sent to corresponding authors notifying them that their paper is going through the production system.
我们鼓励作者访问在线作者交流 （OACS） 文章跟踪 页面，查看其已接受提交的生产状态。作者需要爱思唯尔在发送给通讯作者的“生产已开始”电子邮件中提供的通讯作者的姓氏和参考文献编号，以通知他们他们的论文正在通过生产系统。
Reprints
重印
A reprint order form will either be e-mailed or accompany your copyedited manuscript and page proofs. You must return this form to the publisher with your corrected page proofs, whether or not you order reprints. The cost of reprints increases significantly if they are ordered after the initial print run. Reprints, except special orders of 100 or more, are available only for authors.
重印订购表将通过电子邮件发送或随附您经过编辑的手稿和页面校样。无论您是否订购重印本，都必须将此表格连同更正后的页面校样一起退还给出版商 。如果在初始印刷运行后订购重印本，则重印本的成本会显著增加。重印本，除了 100 张或更多的特殊订单外，仅供作者使用。
Cover Figures
封面人物
Ophthalmology publishes photographs and images on the cover of the printed journal.
Ophthalmology 在印刷期刊的封面上发布照片和图像。
We will consider submissions for cover figures accompanied by a descriptive caption from professional ophthalmic photographers and clinicians. Images should be visually striking, technically excellent, and of appropriate size for the cover format. Cover submissions are submitted and evaluated once a year (typically after the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Annual Meeting). Please submit your cover image(s) for consideration in February 2024. If we receive a cover submission before this date, it will be returned to the submitter. Please do not submit multiple submissions; there is a limit of 2 cover submissions per submitter group. For questions, contact the editorial office at aaojournal@aao.org.
我们将考虑提交封面图，并附有专业眼科摄影师和临床医生的描述性说明。图片应具有视觉冲击力、技术上出色，并且尺寸应适合封面格式。封面提交每年提交和评估一次（通常在美国眼科学会年会之后）。请在 2024 年 2 月提交您的封面图片以供考虑。如果我们在此日期之前收到封面提交，则会将其退还给提交者。请不要提交重复提交;每个提交者组最多只能提交 2 个封面。如有疑问，请联系 aaojournal@aao.org 编辑部。
Please use the subject header “Cover Image for Ophthalmology” so that the e-mail is appropriately flagged. Send the editorial office a JPG version of the image along with a photograph title, photographer and institutional affiliation, and equipment used to capture the image. If the photograph is appropriate, the editorial office will work with the submitter to generate appropriate file(s) for publication (see technical considerations below).
请使用主题标题“Eye Image for Ophthalmology”，以便适当地标记电子邮件。将图片的 JPG 版本发送给编辑部，并附上照片标题、摄影师和机构隶属关系以及用于拍摄图片的设备。如果照片合适，编辑部将与提交者合作，生成适当的文件以供发布（请参阅下面的技术注意事项）。
If an image is selected for use as a potential cover image, Ophthalmology will need a completed copyright transfer form (see [Downloadable Forms](#Downloadable forms)). Once the form is received, the editorial office will assign the image for a future issue. Please be aware that it may be several months before it appears in print.
如果选择图像用作潜在的封面图像， Ophthalmology 将需要填写完整的版权转让表格（请参阅 [可下载表格]（#Downloadable 表格））。收到表格后，编辑部将为未来的期刊分配图像。请注意，它可能需要几个月的时间才能出现在印刷品中。
Technical Considerations
技术注意事项
The four-color printing process used in producing the journal cover requires high resolution files to achieve the best quality. Should an image be chosen for the cover, the file(s) should be available as minimally compressed JPG or ideally uncompressed (e.g., TIF or PSD) high resolution files of at least 8"x8" at 300 dpi. Screen grabs from video (even high-definition video) do not upscale adequately for print and can appear blurred; similarly, output from most diagnostic instruments do not upscale well and can look pixelated.
用于制作期刊封面的四色印刷工艺需要高分辨率文件才能获得最佳质量。如果选择图像作为封面，则文件应为最小压缩的 JPG 或理想情况下为 8 英寸 x 8 英寸、300 dpi 的未压缩（例如 TIF 或 PSD）高分辨率文件。视频（甚至是高清视频）的屏幕截图不能充分放大以进行打印，并且可能会显得模糊;同样，大多数诊断仪器的输出不能很好地放大，并且看起来可能像素化。
Please do not perform any post-processing of the digital image other than light dusting and spot removal. sRGB color space is fine; do not convert to CMYK as this will be done by the publisher during pre-press processing. The high-resolution files for final publication are usually too big to send by e-mail. A web-based large file transfer service (e.g., https://www.hightail.com/) can be used; please contact the editorial office (aaojournal@aao.org) if you need assistance with transmitting large files.
请不要对数字图像进行除轻度除尘和污点去除以外的任何后处理。sRGB 色彩空间很好;不要转换为 CMYK，因为这将由出版商在印前处理期间完成。用于最终发布的高分辨率文件通常太大，无法通过电子邮件发送。可以使用基于 Web 的大文件传输服务（例如 https://www.hightail.com/）;如果您在传输大文件时需要帮助，请联系编辑部 （aaojournal@aao.org）。
Copyright Considerations
版权注意事项
Copyright for images must be transferred to the American Academy of Ophthalmology. The copyright transfer form must be signed by all listed authors. Please note that if the image has already appeared as part of an article in another journal or in a textbook, the author or photographer probably does not have the right to transfer the copyright to the AAO. Similarly, if the image has appeared as part of a photography contest (and especially if it won a prize), the conditions of contest participation should be clarified. The copyright transfer form should be submitted to the editorial office at aaojournal@aao.org.
图像的版权必须转让给美国眼科学会。版权转让表必须由所有列出的作者签名。请注意，如果该图像已经作为其他期刊或教科书文章的一部分出现，作者或摄影师可能无权将版权转让给 AAO。同样，如果图像作为摄影比赛的一部分出现（特别是如果它获奖），则应阐明参加比赛的条件。版权转让表应提交给编辑部，电话为 aaojournal@aao.org。
In Press/Online Release
新闻发布/在线发布
Availability of Accepted Articles
已接受文章的可用性
This journal makes articles available online as soon as possible after acceptance. This concerns the accepted article (both in HTML and PDF format), which has not yet been copyedited, typeset, or proofread. A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is allocated, thereby making it fully citable and searchable by title, author name(s), and the full text. The article's PDF also carries a disclaimer stating that it is an unedited article. Subsequent production stages will simply replace this version.
本期刊在接受后尽快在线提供文章。这涉及已接受的文章（HTML 和 PDF 格式），该文章尚未经过编辑、排版或校对。分配了数字对象标识符 （DOI），从而使其完全可引用，并可按标题、作者姓名和全文进行搜索。该文章的 PDF 还带有免责声明，说明这是一篇未经编辑的文章。后续生产阶段将简单地替换此版本。
Manuscripts are available online as "in press" articles after completing the publisher’s proofing process. Any substantial changes to the accepted submission made by the authors at proofs will be flagged by the production team and reviewed by the editorial board. Substantial changes may trigger a rescinding of acceptance so the paper can be reevaluated. The online release is not a draft version since it is produced after all editorial and author corrections are made; however, there is a disclaimer in case a critical error is found. No routine editing will occur once an article appears online. The "in press" designation is removed as soon as the monthly issue is available online.
在完成出版商的校对过程后，手稿可以作为“出版中”文章在线提供。作者在校样中对已接受的提交所做的任何实质性更改将由制作团队标记并由编辑委员会审查。重大更改可能会触发撤销接受，以便重新评估论文。在线发布不是草稿版本，因为它是在进行所有编辑和作者更正后制作的;但是，如果发现严重错误，则会显示免责声明。一旦文章在线出现，就不会进行常规编辑。一旦月刊在线可用，“in press”名称就会被删除。
It is the corresponding author's responsibility that all editing be done at the time the original proofs are received from the publisher and that the publisher is notified immediately if the authors do not wish to have the "in press" article released online. All notifications regarding proof approvals, proof corrections, or requests that an article not be released "in press" prior to publication must come from the corresponding author and sent to Lisa Traynor (l.traynor@elsevier.com).
通讯作者有责任在收到出版商的原始校样时完成所有编辑，如果作者不希望在线发布“出版中”文章，请立即通知出版商。所有关于校对批准、校对更正或要求文章在出版前不“出版”的通知必须由通讯作者发送并发送给 Lisa Traynor （l.traynor@elsevier.com）。
Author inquiries
作者查询
Author Inquiries
作者查询
If you have questions about the submission process or are unable to access the system, please contact the editorial office by e-mail at aaojournal@aao.org or by phone at 415-447-0261.
如果您对投稿流程有疑问或无法访问系统，请通过电子邮件 aaojournal@aao.org 或致电 415-447-0261 联系编辑部。
Communication about manuscripts occur primarily through email and only with corresponding authors, so it is important for authors to keep their contact information (address, institution, phone numbers, and e-mail address) current.
有关手稿的沟通主要通过电子邮件进行，并且仅与通讯作者进行，因此作者必须保持其联系信息（地址、机构、电话号码和电子邮件地址）最新。