Shanghai Sieyuan ZHW58A-145 Hybrid Gas-Insulated Switchgear LCA Report
上海西元 ZHW58A-145 混合气体绝缘开关设备 LCA 报告

Shanghai Sieyuan High Voltage Switchgear Co.,Ltd
上海市源高压开关柜有限公司.

Content
内容

1. Purpose of the study 4
1. 研究目的 4

2. Company and Product Information 5
2. 公司和产品信息 5

2.1 Company Introduction 5
2.1 公司介绍 5

2.2 Product Description 5
2.2 产品描述 5

4. Goal and Scope Definition 7
4. 目标和范围定义 7

3.1 Goal of Study 7
3.1 研究目标 7

3.2 Scope of Study 7
3.2 研究范围 7

3.2.1 Product System, Functional Unit and Reference Flow 7
3.2.1 产品系统、功能单元和参考流程 7

3.2.2 System Boundary 7
3.2.2 系统边界 7

3.2.3 Allocation Rules 9
3.2.3 分配规则 9

3.2.4 Cut-off Criteria 9
3.2.4 截止标准 9

3.2.5 Relevant Assumptions 10
3.2.5 相关假设 10

3.2.6 Impact Category and Assessment Method 11
3.2.6 影响类别和评估方法 11

3.2.7 Software and Database 12
3.2.7 软件和数据库 12

3.2.8 Data Quality Requirement 12
3.2.8 数据质量要求 12

5. Life Cycle Inventory Analysis 13
5. 生命周期清单分析 13

5.1 Upstream module 14
5.1 上游模块 14

4.2 Core Module 15
4.2 核心模块 15

4.3 Distrubution 16
4.3 分销 16

4.4 Installation 16
4.4 安装 16

4.5 USE & Maintenance 17
4.5 使用和维护 17

4.6 End of life 17
4.6 生命周期结束 17

6. Impact Assessment 19
6. 影响评估 19

7. Result Interpretation 26
7. 结果解读 26

6.1 Identification of Significant Issues 26
6.1 重大问题的识别 26

6.2 Completeness, Sensitivity, Uncertainty and Consistency Evaluation 27
6.2 完整性、敏感性、不确定性和一致性评估 27

6.2.1 Completeness 27
6.2.1 完备性 27

6.2.2 Sensitivity Analysis 28
6.2.2 敏感性分析 28

6.2.3 Uncertainty Analysis 28
6.2.3 不确定性分析 28

6.2.4 Consistency Evaluation 28
6.2.4 一致性评价 28

6.3 Limit 29
6.3 限制 29

8. Conclusion and Recommendation 29
8. 结论与建议 29

9. References 31
9. 参考文献 31

 Purpose of the study
研究目的

In recent years, the degradation of ecological systems has become a pressing global issue, with human industrial activities playing a significant role in exacerbating environmental pollution and degradation. As the world grapples with the consequences of climate change, deforestation, pollution, and loss of biodiversity, there has been a growing realization among businesses of the need to address their environmental footprint.
近年来，生态系统退化已成为一个紧迫的全球性问题，人类工业活动在加剧环境污染和退化方面发挥了重要作用。随着世界努力应对气候变化、森林砍伐、污染和生物多样性丧失的后果，企业越来越意识到需要解决其环境足迹问题。

Enterprises nowadays are increasingly recognizing the importance of assessing the entire lifecycle of their products to identify areas where environmental impacts can be reduced or mitigated. Lifecycle assessment, a methodology that evaluates the environmental impacts of a product from extraction of raw materials to its disposal, has emerged as a valuable tool in this endeavor. Understanding the environmental impact of products across their lifecycle allows companies to make informed decisions regarding product design, sourcing of materials, manufacturing processes, distribution methods, and end-of-life management. By incorporating sustainability principles into their operations, businesses can not only minimize negative environmental impacts but also enhance their reputation, meet regulatory requirements, and appeal to environmentally conscious consumers.
如今，越来越多的企业认识到评估其产品整个生命周期以识别可减少或减轻环境影响领域的重要性。生命周期评估是一种评估产品从原材料提取到处置的全过程环境影响的方法，已成为这项工作中宝贵的工具。了解产品在其整个生命周期中的环境影响，使公司能够就产品设计、材料采购、制造工艺、分销方法和产品生命周期管理做出明智的决策。通过将其业务纳入可持续发展原则，企业不仅可以最大限度地减少负面环境影响，还可以提升其声誉，满足法规要求，并吸引具有环保意识的消费者。

In alignment with the principles of sustainable development and environmental stewardship, Shanghai Sieyuan High Voltage Switchgear Co.,Ltd has embarked on a comprehensive lifecycle assessment of its product. This initiative aims to assess the product's environmental performance, identify areas for improvement, and ultimately contribute to the company's commitment to producing environmentally responsible products as well as complying with requirement of type III Environmental Product Declaration.
上海西元高压开关有限公司秉承可持续发展和环境管理的原则，对其产品开展了全面的生命周期评估。这项工作旨在评估产品的环境绩效，找出改进领域，最终为公司致力于生产环保产品以及符合 III 型环境产品声明要求做出贡献。

In this report, Shanghai Sieyuan High Voltage Switchgear Co.,Ltd. conducted a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment of its Hybrid Gas-Insulated Switchgear.
本报告中，上海市西元高压开关有限公司对其混合气体绝缘开关设备进行了从摇篮到坟墓的全生命周期评估。

Company and Product Information
公司和产品信息

Company Introduction
公司介绍

Shanghai Siyuan High Voltage Switchgear Co., Ltd. has more than 1200 employees and has two major production bases that are advanced in China and world-class in the world, covering an area of 110kV GIS equipment production base in Shanghai and 252kV to 550kV GIS production base in Rugao City, Nantong, Jiangsu. The total area is 300000 square meters, and the production plant and office area is more than 100000 square meters. It has professional production, logistics, development, design A professional system of testing and services. The company independently develops and produces 72.5kV to 550kV high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage GIS, HGIS, GIL, and tank circuit breaker products. With an annual production capacity of over 4800 intervals for 110kV voltage grade GIS/DTCB products, over 3600 intervals for 252kVGIS/DTCB products, and over 800 intervals for 420kV/550kVGIS/DTCB products, the company can achieve sales of 4 billion yuan. The company has four high-voltage test halls with full shielding of 500kV and 1000kV, and is equipped with 1500kV and 3000kV impulse voltage generators and automatic measurement systems. The main production equipment is imported from abroad, and the production conditions and manufacturing technology have reached the international advanced level. The company's business covers domestic and overseas industries such as electricity, metallurgy, mining, transportation, and public utilities.
上海思源高压开关设备有限公司拥有 1200 多名员工，拥有两大生产基地，均达到国内先进、国际一流水平，占地面积达 30 万平方米，包括上海 110kV GIS 设备生产基地和南通如皋市 252kV 至 550kV GIS 生产基地，厂房及办公面积超过 10 万平方米。拥有专业的生产、物流、研发、设计、试验和服务体系。公司自主研发制造 72.5kV 至 550kV 高压及超高压 GIS、HGIS、GIL 及油浸式断路器产品。年生产能力超过 4800 间隔 110kV 电压等级 GIS/DTCB 产品，超过 3600 间隔 252kV GIS/DTCB 产品，超过 800 间隔 420kV/550kV GIS/DTCB 产品，实现销售收入 40 亿元。公司拥有四个全屏蔽 500kV 和 1000kV 高压试验大厅，配备 1500kV 和 3000kV 冲击电压发生器及自动测试系统。主要生产设备均为国外进口，生产条件和制造技术已达到国际先进水平。公司业务涵盖电力、冶金、矿山、交通、公用事业等国内外行业。

Figure 2.1.1 – Shanghai Sieyuan High Voltage Switchgear Co.,Ltd
图 2.1.1——上海思源高压开关设备有限公司.

The company has also obtained ISO9001, ISO14001 and ISO45001 management system certifications.
2.2 产品描述

Product Description
产品描述

The design of ZHW58A-145 Hybrid Gas-Insulated Switchgear including circuit breakers, disconnectors, earthing switches,bushings, operating mechanism and all other components as in service.It is of three-phase binning structure and designed for outdoor application, each of which is equipped with a spring operating mechanism that can realize a three-phase mechanical linkage. It applies SF6 gas as insulation and arc extinguishing media and is applied with pointer-type density relay for monitoring its pressure and density.
ZHW58A-145 混合气体绝缘开关设备的设计，包括断路器、隔离开关、接地开关、套管、操作机构以及所有其他在役组件。它采用三相仓结构，设计用于户外应用，每个单元都配备弹簧操作机构，可实现三相机械联动。它采用 SF6 气体作为绝缘和灭弧介质，并采用指针式密度继电器监测其压力和密度。.

Specifications:
技术参数：
- Nominal Voltage: 145kV
- 标称电压：145kV

- Rated Frequency: 50/60Hz
- 额定频率：50/60Hz

- Nominal Current: 2500A
- 额定电流：2500A

- Number of poles of the switch:3
- 开关极数：3

- Nominal short-circuit breaking current: 40kA
- 标称短路开断电流：40kA

The calculation report contains product configurations that match GSCH002 code 0107-0106, 150020, 150033, 150798, and are applicable to these numbers and products of the same type.
计算报告包含与 GSCH002 代码 0107-0106、150020、150033、150798 匹配的产品配置，并适用于这些编号和相同类型的产品。

Figure 2.2.1 Hybrid Gas-Insulated Switchgear ZHW58A-145, Product code 0107-0106
图 2.2.1 混合气体绝缘开关设备 ZHW58A-145，产品代码 0107-0106

The product manufacturing process is as follows:
产品制造流程如下：

Step 1: Main Assembly
步骤 1：主装配

This process focuses on assembling the arc extinguishing unit, isolation switch, and grounding switch within the product.
此过程侧重于组装产品内的灭弧单元、隔离开关和接地开关。

Step 2: Actuator Mechanism Assembly
步骤 2：执行机构装配

This process involves assembling the circuit breaker mechanism, as well as the mechanisms for the isolation switch and grounding switch.
此过程涉及组装断路器机构，以及隔离开关和接地开关的机构。

Step 3: Integration of Actuator Mechanism with Main Assembly
步骤 3：执行机构与主装配的集成

This process involves assembling the main body with the support frame, connecting the support frame with the mechanism, and connecting the mechanism with the main body's bending arm.
此过程涉及将主体与支撑架组装，将支撑架与机构连接，并将机构与主体的弯臂连接。

Step 4: SF6 Gas Filling
步骤 4：SF6 气体充填

This process involves injecting SF6 gas into the product's interior to reach the specified pressure.
此过程涉及将 SF6 气体注入产品内部，直至达到规定的压力。

Step 5: Testing
步骤 5：测试

This process focuses on testing the product's mechanical characteristics and confirming whether its insulation performance meets design requirements.
此过程侧重于测试产品的机械特性，并确认其绝缘性能是否符合设计要求。

Step 6: Inspection
步骤 6：检验

This process involves conducting a visual inspection of the product before packaging, in accordance with specified requirements.
此过程涉及根据规定的要求，在包装前对产品进行目视检查。

Step 7: Packaging
第 7 步：包装

The finished products are packaged in specified quantities for transportation and sale
成品按规定数量包装，用于运输和销售。.

Chart 2.2.1 - Manufacturing flow chart
图 2.2.1 - 制造流程图

The product can be divided into the following main parts, weights are as follows.
产品可分为以下主要部件，重量如下。

Table 2.2.1 – Total weight of the ZHW58A-145 Hybrid Gas-Insulated Switchgear
表 2.2.1 – ZHW58A-145 混合气体绝缘开关设备总重量

Goal and Scope Definition
目标和范围定义

3.1 Goal of Study
3.1 研究目标

The reason for this LCA study is to conduct life cycle assessment in accordance with EPDItaly007 – PCR for Electronic and electrical products and systems, and EPDItaly012 – Electronic and electrical products and systems - Switches.
本次 LCA 研究的目的是根据 EPDItaly007（电子电气产品和系统 PCR）和 EPDItaly012（电子电气产品和系统-开关）进行生命周期评估。

The intended audience is the head of Shanghai Sieyuan High Voltage Switchgear Co.,Ltd. and the business partners, the communication is focused on the above-mentioned audience.
目标受众是上海思源高压开关柜有限公司的负责人和业务合作伙伴，沟通重点是上述受众。

According to the PCR the declared unit related to the functional unit is a single switch which establishes or interrupts the electrical continuity of the circuit to which it is applied, during a service life of 20 years. The type of EPD is “from cradle to grave”.
根据 PCR，与功能单元相关的声明单元是一个单一开关，在 20 年的使用寿命内，建立或中断其所应用电路的电气连续性。EPD 类型为“从摇篮到坟墓”。

The system boundaries include the following processes classified in life cycle phases according to EN 50693:2019 (Manufacturing, Distribution, Installation, Use and maintenance, End of life) and the Regulations of the EPD Italy (Upstream, Core, Downstream).
系统边界包括根据 EN 50693:2019（制造、分销、安装、使用和维护、报废）和 EPD 意大利法规（上游、核心、下游）将生命周期阶段分类的以下过程。

3.2 Scope of Study
3.2 研究范围

The life cycle assessment in this study is conducted according to international standards and PCRs as follows:
本研究中的生命周期评估是根据以下国际标准和 PCR 进行的：

ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines
ISO 14040:2006 环境管理——生命周期评价——要求和指南

ISO 14044:2006 Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework
ISO 14044:2006 环境管理——生命周期评价——原则和框架

EPDItaly007 – PCR for Electronic and electrical products and systems, Rev. 3, 2023/01/13
EPDItaly007 – 电子和电气产品及系统 PCR，修订版 3，2023/01/13

EPDItaly012 – Electronic and electrical products and systems – Switchs, Rev. 0, 2020/03/16
EPDItaly012 – 电子和电气产品及系统 – 开关，修订版 0，2020/03/16

EN 50693:2019 Product category rules for life cycle assessments of electronic and electrical products and systems
EN 50693:2019 电子和电气产品及系统的生命周期评价产品类别规则

3.2.1 Product System, Declared Unit and Reference Flow
3.2.1 产品系统、声明单元和参考流程

According to PCR EPDItaly012, a single switch is adopted as the declared unit which establishes or interrupts the electrical continuity of the circuit to which it is applied, during a service life of 20 years.
根据 PCR EPDItaly012，采用单个开关作为声明单元，在 20 年的使用寿命内建立或中断其所应用电路的电气连续性。

The declared unit is therefore defined as a single unit of ZHW58A-145 Hybrid Gas-Insulated Switchgear operating for 20 years. Reference flow is one single unit of ZHW58A-145 Hybrid Gas-Insulated Switchgear.
因此，所声明的单元定义为单个 ZHW58A-145 混合气体绝缘开关设备运行 20 年的单元。参考流量为单个 ZHW58A-145 混合气体绝缘开关设备。

Specifications:
技术参数：
- Nominal Voltage: 145kV
- 标称电压：145kV

- Rated Frequency: 50/60Hz
- 额定频率：50/60Hz

- Nominal Current: 2500A
- 额定电流：2500A

- Number of poles of the switch:3
- 开关极数：3

- Nominal short-circuit breaking current: 40kA
- 标称短路开断电流：40kA

3.2.2 System Boundary
3.2.2 系统边界

The system boundary covers the entire life cycle stage from cradle to grave in accordance with PCR EPDItaly012:
系统边界涵盖从摇篮到坟墓的整个生命周期阶段，符合 PCR EPDItaly012：

Table 3.2.1 - Life cycle modules
表 3.2.1 - 生命周期模块

The system boundary of the Product life cycle is shown in Figure blow
产品生命周期的系统边界如下图所示:

Figure 3.2.1: Lifecycle Flow chart
图 3.2.1：生命周期流程图

3.2.3 Allocation Rules
3.2.3 分配规则

The energy and resources usage per functional unit in the production stage of the product is calculated by dividing the annual energy or resource consumption by the total output of the company’s product, In detail, the allocation of energy resources for plant processing use is calculated using the units of Hybrid Gas-Insulated Switchgear produced to the total energy and resources consumption in the Shanghai Sieyuan plant during the reference period. That is, the physical allocation method is used for allocation.
产品生产阶段每个功能单元的能源和资源消耗量是通过将年度能源或资源消耗量除以公司产品的总产量来计算的。具体而言，工厂加工使用的能源资源分配是使用生产的混合气体绝缘开关设备的单位数与参考期间上海西元工厂的能源和资源总消耗量进行计算。也就是说，采用实物分配法进行分配。

The principle of "modularity" is also followed in the study. In addition, the default distribution rule for the environmental impacts and benefits of reuse, recovery and/or recycling is based on the polluter pays principle (PPP), which means that the recovery or reuse beneficiary bears the environmental impacts and benefits associated with the recovery or reuse treatment, and the original product manufacturer does not have to bear this part of the impact burden. It also does not participate in the sharing of benefits (environmental impact of the production of the same product avoided by recycling and reuse).
本研究也遵循“模块化”原则。此外，报废利用和/或回收的环境影响和效益的默认分配规则基于污染者付费原则（PPP），这意味着回收或再利用受益者承担与回收或再利用处理相关的环境影响和效益，而原始产品制造商无需承担这部分影响负担。也不参与收益分享（回收和再利用避免了相同产品生产的环境影响）。

3.2.4 Cut-off Criteria
根据意大利 EPD 法规和 PCR EPDItaly007，以下流程和操作被终止：

According to EPD Italy Regulations and PCR EPDItaly007, the following flows and operations are cut-offed:
 零部件包装和半成品中间体的包装的生产、使用和处置。

Production, use and disposal of the packaging of components and the packaging of semi-finished intermediates.
零部件包装和半成品包装的生产、使用和处置。

Material and energy flows related to dismantling phase which is performed by adopting manual tools (e.g. screwdrivers, hammers, etc.).
与采用手动工具（例如螺丝刀、锤子等）进行的拆卸阶段相关的材料和能源流动。

Manufacture of equipment used in production, buildings or any other capital goods;
用于生产的设备、建筑物或任何其他资本货物的制造；

The transportation of personnel to the plant;
人员往返工厂的运输；

Transportation of personnel within the plant;
工厂内部人员的运输；

Research and development activities;
研究与开发活动；

Long-term emissions.
长期排放。

During the production process, auxiliary materials such as alcohol (used for cleaning agents), machine oil, and cutting oil are utilized. However, due to their minimal consumption and the resulting waste generation being less than 1% of the weight of the raw materials per unit of product produced, they have negligible impact on the overall results of the life cycle assessment (LCA) and are therefore cut-offed in accordance with cut-off principle from the calculation.
在生产过程中，使用了酒精（用于清洁剂）、机器油和切削油等辅助材料。但是，由于其消耗量极少，产生的废物少于每单位产品原材料重量的 1%，因此根据截止原则，将其从计算中剔除，对生命周期评估（LCA）的整体结果影响可以忽略不计。

3.2.5 Relevant Assumptions
3.2.5 相关假设

The following assumptions are used in this assessment:
本评估采用以下假设：

Table 3.2.2 - Assumptions for each stage of the life cycle
表 3.2.2 - 生命周期各阶段的假设

3.2.6 Impact Category and Assessment Method
3.2.6 影响类别和评估方法

Based on the definition of the goal of study, the LCIA methodology for indicators/impact category used in this study is choose in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021. Detailed impact categories are shown below.
根据研究目标的定义，本研究中使用的指标/影响类别的 LCIA 方法是根据 EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021 选择的。详细的影响类别如下所示。

Table 3.2.3 - Category of environmental impacts and assessment models
表 3.2.3 - 环境影响类别和评估模型

Note: eq is short for equivalent, meaning equivalent. For example, the indicator of climate change is CO₂ as reference material, other greenhouse gases have their own CO₂ equivalent factors according to the strength of the greenhouse effect, so the product life cycle of all kinds of greenhouse gas emissions can be multiplied by the equivalent factor, cumulative climate change index total, unit is kg CO2 eq. For details, see Appendix a.
注意：eq 是 equivalent 的缩写，意为当量。例如，气候变化指标以 CO ₂ 为参考物质，其他温室气体根据温室效应强度具有其自身的 CO ₂ 当量因子，因此各种温室气体排放的全生命周期可以乘以当量因子，累积气候变化指数总和，单位为 kg CO2 eq。详情见附录 a。

3.2.7 Software and Database
3.2.7 软件和数据库

In the study, SimaPro 9.5 software was used to establish the model for the life cycle of products and calculate LCA results. SimaPro is a specialized LCA program developed by the Dutch company PRé Consultants. It supports analysis on LCA stages with built-in databases including Swiss Ecoinvent Dataset, European Reference Life Cycle Reference Database (ELCD), Agri-footprint, USLCI and etc. In this study, datasets from the Ecoinvent v3.9 were used.
在本研究中，使用 SimaPro 9.5 软件建立产品生命周期模型并计算 LCA 结果。SimaPro 是由荷兰公司 PRé Consultants 开发的专业 LCA 程序。它支持对 LCA 阶段进行分析，并内置数据库，包括瑞士 Ecoinvent 数据集、欧洲参考生命周期数据库（ELCD）、Agri-footprint、USLCI 等。在本研究中，使用了 Ecoinvent v3.9 的数据集。

In terms of the choice of background data, the system model chosen in this study is cut-off by classification, as required by EPD.
关于背景数据的选择，本研究选择的系统模型按照 EPD 的要求进行了分类截止。

3.2.8 Data Quality Requirement
3.2.8 数据质量要求

As far as possible, the entire calculation is based primarily on primary data, and secondary data is obtained based on life-cycle databases or literature, among them, energy consumption is mainly geographical, that is, refer to local data.
计算尽可能主要基于原始数据，次要数据基于生命周期数据库或文献获得，其中能源消耗主要按地域，即参考当地数据。

Data quality represents the difference between LCA study target representation and the actual data representation, and four dimensions of data was used to evaluate the data quality in this report. The consumption and emission inventory data in the model were evaluated from four aspects: inventory data source and algorithm, representative of time, geography and technical. The consumption of the associated background database was also evaluated to assess the uncertainty by matching with the upstream background process.
数据质量代表着 LCA 研究目标表示与实际数据表示之间的差异，本报告使用数据的四个维度来评估数据质量。模型中的消耗和排放清单数据从四个方面进行评估：清单数据来源和算法、时间代表性、地理位置和技术代表性。还评估了相关背景数据库的消耗情况，通过与上游背景过程匹配来评估不确定性。

Shows data quality requirements in the following table:
下表显示数据质量要求：

Table 3.2.4 - Data quality requirements of LCA
表 3.2.4 - LCA 数据质量要求

To fulfil above requirements and ensure the reliability of the calculated results, priority was given to the site-specific data provided by the manufacturers and suppliers during the data collection process. Secondary data was used from the Ecoinvent database, which has been strictly reviewed and widely applied in LCA studies internationally.
为了满足上述要求并确保计算结果的可靠性，在数据收集过程中优先采用制造商和供应商提供的特定场地数据。次要数据来自 Ecoinvent 数据库，该数据库经过严格审查，并在国际 LCA 研究中得到广泛应用。

Life Cycle Inventory Analysis
生命周期清单分析

The life cycle data for this study includes both primary data and secondary data.
本研究的生命周期数据包括一手数据和二手数据。

Primary data - collected and provided by Shanghai Sieyuan from January to December 2023.
一手数据——由上海思源公司于 2023 年 1 月至 12 月收集并提供。

Secondary data - Ecoinvent v3.9 database.
二手数据——Ecoinvent v3.9 数据库。

Upstream module
上游模块

Raw material consumption and transportation data are shown in the table 4.1.1 and table 4.1.2 below.
原材料消耗和运输数据分别显示在下表 4.1.1 和表 4.1.2 中。

Table 4.1.1 – Raw material inventory(0107-0106)
表 4.1.1 – 原材料清单(0107-0106)

Table 4.1.2 – Raw material inventory (150020)
表 4.1.2 – 原材料清单 (150020)

Table 4.1.3 – Raw material inventory (150033)
表 4.1.3 – 原材料清单 (150033)

Table 4.1.4 – Raw material inventory (150798)
表 4.1.4 – 原材料清单 (150798)