
Chemicals and waste 化学品和废物

Sustainable consumption and production
可持续消费和生产
可持续消费和生产

Sustainable tourism 可持续旅游
Overview 概述
Targets and Indicators 目标和指标

12.1
Implement the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries
执行《可持续消费和生产模式十年方案框架》,所有国家都采取行动,由发达国家带头,同时考虑到发展中国家的发展和能力
12.1.1
Number of countries developing, adopting or implementing policy instruments aimed at supporting the shift to sustainable consumption and production
制定、通过或执行旨在支持向可持续消费和生产转变的政策工具的国家数目

12.2
By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources
到2030年,实现自然资源的可持续管理和有效利用
12.2.1
Material footprint, material footprint per capita, and material footprint per GDP
物质足迹、人均物质足迹和人均GDP物质足迹
12.2.2
Domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic material consumption per GDP
国内物质消费量、人均国内物质消费量和国内生产总值国内物质消费量

12.3
By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses
到2030年,将全球零售和消费层面的人均粮食浪费减半,并减少沿着生产和供应链的粮食损失,包括收获后损失
12.3.1
(a) Food loss index and (b) food waste index
(a)食物损失指数和(B)食物浪费指数

12.4
By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment
到2020年,根据商定的国际框架,在化学品和所有废物的整个生命周期内对其实行无害环境管理,并大幅减少其向空气、水和土壤的排放,以最大限度地减少其对人类健康和环境的不利影响
12.4.1
关于危险废物和其他化学品的国际多边环境协定中履行其承诺和义务、按照每一相关协定的要求提供资料的缔约方数目
12.4.2
(a) Hazardous waste generated per capita; and (b) proportion of hazardous waste treated, by type of treatment
(a)人均产生的危险废物;(B)按处理类型分列的处理的危险废物比例

12.5
By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse
到2030年,通过预防、减少、回收和再利用,大幅减少废物产生
12.5.1
National recycling rate, tons of material recycled
全国回收率,回收材料吨数

12.6
Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle
鼓励公司,特别是大型和跨国公司,采用可持续做法,并将可持续性信息纳入其报告周期
12.6.1
发表可持续性报告的公司数目

12.7
Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities
根据国家政策和优先事项,促进可持续的公共采购做法
12.7.1
Number of countries implementing sustainable public procurement policies and action plans
执行可持续公共采购政策和行动计划的国家数目

12.8
By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature
到2030年,确保世界各地的人们都有可持续发展和与自然和谐相处的生活方式的相关信息和认识
12.8.1
Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development are mainstreamed in (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher education; and (d) student assessment
㈠全球公民教育和㈡教育促进可持续发展纳入(a)国家教育政策;(B)课程;(c)教师教育;(d)学生评估主流的程度

12.a
Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production
支持发展中国家加强其科学和技术能力,以实现更可持续的消费和生产模式
12.a.1
Installed renewable energy-generating capacity in developing and developed countries (in watts per capita)
发展中国家和发达国家已安装的可再生能源发电能力(人均瓦特)

12.b
Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products
开发和实施工具,监测可持续发展对可持续旅游业的影响,以创造就业机会并促进当地文化和产品
12.b.1
Implementation of standard accounting tools to monitor the economic and environmental aspects of tourism sustainability
采用标准会计工具,监测旅游业可持续性的经济和环境方面

12.c
Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities
取消鼓励浪费性消费的低效化石燃料补贴,根据国情消除市场扭曲,包括调整税收结构和逐步取消现有的有害补贴,以反映其环境影响,充分考虑到发展中国家的具体需要和条件,以保护穷人的方式,和受影响社区
12.c.1
Amount of fossil-fuel subsidies (production and consumption) per unit of GDP
每单位国内生产总值的化石燃料补贴数额(生产和消费)
Progress and Info 进展和信息
The crisis of unsustainable consumption and production patterns worldwide is fuelling the ongoing triple planetary crisis of climate change, nature loss and pollution. Domestic material consumption and material footprint continue to rise, some one billion meals worth of edible food are wasted every day in homes around the world and stockpiles of e-waste steadily grow. While countries are fulfilling their environmental agreement obligations and embracing comprehensive approaches to address environmental degradation, public funding supporting the production and consumption of fossil fuels has more than tripled since 2015, impeding the transition to net-zero emissions. Each stage of production or manufacturing presents an opportunity to reduce resource and fossil fuel use, foster innovation, conserve energy, cut emissions, and advocate for a circular economy approach.
全世界不可持续的消费和生产模式的危机正在加剧气候变化、自然损失和污染这三重全球危机。国内物质消费和物质足迹继续上升,世界各地的家庭每天浪费约10亿顿可食用食物,电子废物的储存量稳步增长。虽然各国正在履行环境协定义务,并采取综合方法解决环境退化问题,但支持化石燃料生产和消费的公共资金自2015年以来增加了两倍多,阻碍了向净零排放的过渡。生产或制造的每个阶段都提供了减少资源和化石燃料使用、促进创新、节约能源、减少排放和倡导循环经济方法的机会。
Target 12.1: From 2019 to 2023, one-third of member states (63 countries) have reported 516 policy instruments related to sustainable consumption and production.
具体目标12.1:从2019年到2023年,三分之一的成员国(63个国家)报告了516项与可持续消费和生产有关的政策工具。
Target 8.4/12.2: From 2015 to 2022, Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) increased by 5.8%, and Material Footprint (MF) rose by 6.8%. Regional disparities between DMC and MF continue to grow, particularly between regions where MF is higher than DMC (Eastern and South-Eastern Asia, Europe and Northern America, Northern Africa and Western Asia) and those where MF is lower than DMC (Central and Southern Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania), showing different patterns of material consumption and their corresponding environmental impact.
Target 12.3: In 2022, 19% of global food was wasted, totalling 1.05 billion tonnes, with household waste accounting for 60%. This waste generates significant greenhouse gas emissions, costing over $1 trillion annually, while 783 million people suffer from hunger. Addressing this issue is crucial for halving food waste by 2030, yet only 9 out of 193 countries have included food waste in their Nationally Determined Contributions as of 2022. Meanwhile, the percentage of food lost globally after harvest on farm, transport, storage, wholesale, and processing levels is estimated at 13.2% in 2021.
Target 12.4: Number of parties to international multilateral environmental agreements on hazardous waste, and other chemicals that meet their commitments and obligations in transmitting information as required by each relevant agreement:
o Minamata Convention on Mercury: Most Parties have met their obligations, with 94% appointing National Focal Points and 95% submitting complete national reports in 2023.
o Basel, Rotterdam, and Stockholm Conventions: Parties continue to make strides in meeting their obligations and in policy-making to keep pace with rapidly changing global circumstances, such as responding to the growing challenges created by contemporary waste streams such as plastic waste and e-waste, improving the procedure to control transboundary movements of wastes, and enlarging their scope with the listing of new chemical.
o Montreal Protocol: Parties consistently fulfil reporting obligations on the production and use of ozone-depleting substances, with 156 out of 198 ratifying the Kigali Amendment by January 2024, demonstrating an increased commitment to mitigating climate change under the Protocol.
Targets 12.4 and 12.5: In 2022, e-waste generation rose to 7.8 kg per capita from 6.2 kg per capita in 2015, but only 1.7 kg per capita was properly managed. Mismanaged e-waste leads to resource loss, increased use of virgin resources, and environmental hazards, underscoring the urgency for improved and environmentally sound management.
Target 12.6: In 2021-2022, 73% of companies included in the sample published sustainability reports, with the number of companies tripling since 2016. This growth was observed in all regions in 2022.
Target 12.c: Fossil fuel subsidies hit a record high of $1.53 trillion in 2022, reversing the declining trend observed from 2012 to 2020. The post-COVID energy price surge inflated these subsidies, prompting some governments to introduce new support measures. Consequently, public funding for oil, coal, and gas production and consumption more than doubled from 2021 to 2022 and tripled since 2015, impeding progress towards net-zero transition.