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CCOB Task Force

Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) Industry in Malaysia
馬來西亞先買後付（BNPL）產業

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BNPL infog_Jan 220124

Type of Credit Industry  信貸業類型

Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL)
現在購買稍後付款 (BNPL)

Features of a BNPL business
BNPL 業務的特點
  • Purpose is to lend for consumers to pay for goods and services, payment made by BNPL provider to merchant at agreed discount for BNPL sale
    目的是為消費者提供貸款以支付商品和服務費用，BNPL 提供者以商定的 BNPL 銷售折扣向商家付款
  • Fully operated on digital platform
    全面數位化平台營運
  • Pay after a specified period (post-paid) or over several instalments
    在指定期限後付款（後付費）或分幾次付款
  • On-the-spot approval or with pre-set credit limit or amount
    現場批准或預先設定信用額度或金額
  • Used at specific merchants/platforms, initially only for online purchases, now also available in-stores, usually for retail products including groceries, fashion, home & livings, electronics & digital goods, etc
    用於特定商家/平台，最初僅用於線上購買，現在也可在商店內購買，通常用於零售產品，包括雜貨、時尚、家居和生活、電子和數位商品等


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Leasing 租賃

Features of a leasing business
租賃業務的特點
  • Contract between a lessor and a lessee for the hire of a specific asset for a specific period on payment of specified rentals
    出租人和承租人之間在支付指定租金後在特定期限內租賃特定資產的合同
  • Two types of leasing 兩種租賃方式
  • Financial lease (long term)
    融資租賃（長期）
  • Risk and return transferred to lessee
    風險和報酬轉移給承租人
  • Similar to hire purchase but no transfer of ownership – lessee has option to purchase at end of lease term
    與分期付款類似，但不轉讓所有權－承租人可以選擇在租賃期結束時購買
  • Operational lease (short term)
    經營租賃（短期）
  • Similar to rental – lease payment is based on value of asset
    與租金類似－租賃付款是基於資產價值
Leasing

*Goods
*商品

·  Commercial vehicles
·   [完]商用車

·  Computer systems and IT-related equipment
·   [endif]電腦系統與 IT 相關設備

·  Plant & machinery
·   [endif]設備與機械

·  Construction equipment, material handling equipment
·   [endif]建築設備、物料搬運設備

·  Eco-tourism related equipment
·   [endif]生態旅遊相關設備

·  Health services related equipment
·   [endif]健康服務相關設備

·  Energy related equipment
·   [endif]能源相關設備

·  Oil & gas related equipment
·   [endif]石油和天然氣相關設備

·  Office equipment
·   [完]辦公設備

Factoring 保理

Features of a factoring business
保理業務的特點
  • Transaction between Seller (provider of goods/services) and Buyer (consumer), and Factor (who purchases Sellers’ receivables from the sales of good/services).
    賣方（商品/服務的提供者）和買方（消費者）以及保理商（透過銷售商品/服務購買賣方的應收帳款）之間的交易。
  • Involves Seller’s assignment of receivables from Buyer to Factor.
    涉及賣方將買方的應收帳款轉讓給保理商。
  • Factoring provides access to liquidity to the Sellers for their working capital needs. 
    保理為賣方提供流動資金以滿足其營運資金需求。
  • Factor helps to track, monitor and collect receivables from Buyers (Sales Ledger Maintenance) on behalf of Seller.
    保理商有助於代表賣方追蹤、監控和收取買方的應收帳款（銷售分類帳維護）。
  • Factor can offer factoring facility either ‘with recourse’ or ‘non-recourse’
    保理商可以提供「有追索權」或「無追索權」的保理服務
  • ‘with recourse’ - factor can impose late payment, default charges, and take legal action on Seller, in the event Buyer fails to honour payment upon maturity. 
    「有追索權」－如果買方未能在到期時兌現付款，保理商可以徵收逾期付款、違約費用，並對賣方採取法律行動。
  • Businesses that seek credit from factoring companies range from micro and SMEs to large corporates for 
    向保理公司尋求信貸的企業範圍從微型和中小企業到大型企業
  • cash flow management purposes
    現金流量管理目的
  • receivables management/collection
    應收帳款管理/催收
  • supply chain optimisation.
    供應鏈優化。
Factoring2
ReverseFactoring

Impaired Loan Buyers 受損貸款買家

Features of an ILB business
ILB業務的特點
  • Non-Performing Loan (NPL) comprises of personal loans, housing loans, hire purchases, credit cards etc from banks and non-banks [secured or non-secured].
    不良貸款（NPL）包括來自銀行和非銀行[有擔保​​或無擔保]的個人貸款、房屋貸款、分期付款、信用卡等。
  • ILB buy debts (impaired/NPL) from lenders at a discounted value and assume the rights and obligations of lenders under credit agreement with borrowers.
    ILB以折扣價向貸方購買債務（受損/不良貸款），並根據與借款人的信貸協議承擔貸方的權利和義務。
  • Factors in determining discount value: aging of loan; whether loan is secured or unsecured; whether purpose of loan was for personal or commercial use; and age of borrowers.
    決定貼現值的因素：貸款期限；貸款是否有擔保或無擔保；貸款目的是用於個人或商業用途；以及借款人的年齡。
  • No involvement in origination/provision of credit to borrowers.
    不參與發放/提供信貸給借款人。
  • Acquired receivables (NPLs) and validation via Court Vesting Order as new owner of receivables.
    收購應收帳款 (NPL) 並透過法院歸屬令確認為應收帳款新所有者。
  • Carry out credit assessment for internal decision making in determining purchase price and collection feasibility.
    對確定採購價格和收款可行性的內部決策進行信用評估。


ILB

Debt Collection Agencies 討債機構

Features of a DCA business
DCA業務的特點
  • DCA acts as agent of credit provider, to undertake recovery efforts on delinquent borrowers.
    DCA 作為信貸提供者的代理人，對拖欠借款人進行追收工作。
  • Enters into a service level agreement (SLA) with credit provider to collect overdue credits.
    與信用提供者簽訂服務等級協定 (SLA) 以收取逾期信用。
  • Calls and field visits are its core activity.
    電話訪問和實地考察是其核心活動。
  • Fees earned on success cases only, usually no upfront fee or retainer fee applied.
    僅根據成功案例賺取費用，通常不收取預付費用或保留費。
  • DCAs do not usually collect cash, any payment by customer will be made directly to credit provider.
    DCA 通常不收取現金，客戶的任何付款將直接支付給信貸提供者。
  • DCAs that take on cases from licensed financial institutions are required to adhere to the minimum standards and recommendations in BNM’s Circular on Fair Debt Collection Practices.
    受理持牌金融機構案件的 DCA 必須遵守國家銀行《公平債務催收實務通告》中的最低標準和建議。


dca