By Jennifer Reiner-Marcello, Brandon Marcello
作者:詹妮弗·雷纳-马塞洛、布兰登·马塞洛
In the world of rehabilitation and training, eccentric exercises are imperative for developing strength, power, and resilience (Alfredson, 2003; Gonzalo-Skok et al., 2016; LaStayo et al., 2003; Roig, Shadgan, & Reid, 2008). Traditionally, eccentric movements are trained using barbells, dumbbells, tubing, chains, and plyometric exercises. The presence of flywheel technology (e.g., VersaPulley™, kBox, Desmotec, Proinertial) for training spans several decades in both the rehabilitation and performance community. However, not until recently has this form of inertia-based training received more attention from the collegiate, private, and professional training centers.
在康复和训练领域,离心练习对于发展力量、力量和复原力至关重要(Alfredson,2003;Gonzalo-Skok 等,2016;LaStayo 等,2003;Roig、Shadgan 和 Reid,2008) 。传统上,离心运动是通过杠铃、哑铃、管道、链条和增强式练习来训练的。用于训练的飞轮技术(例如 VersaPulley™、kBox、Desmotec、Proinertial)在康复和运动表现界已有数十年的历史。然而,直到最近,这种基于惯性的培训才受到大学、私人和专业培训中心的更多关注。
Perhaps this new-found interest is due to the simplicity of training multidirectional movements in the horizontal and vertical planes in an eccentrically overloaded environment. This is possibly the most effective way for increasing muscle strength (Brandenburg & Docherty, 2002; Hedayatpour & Falla, 2015; Hortobagyi, Barrier, & Beard, 1996; Hortobagyi et al., 1996; Hortobagyi, Devita, Money, & Barrier, 2001; B. Johnson, 1972) in a shorter period of time when compared to more traditional 1:1 (concentric:eccentric) exercise training(English, Loehr, Lee, & Smith, 2014).
也许这种新发现的兴趣是由于在偏心超负荷的环境中训练水平和垂直平面上的多向运动的简单性。这可能是增加肌肉力量最有效的方法(Brandenburg & Docherty, 2002;Hedayatpour & Falla, 2015;Hortobagyi, Barrier, & Beard, 1996;Hortobagyi et al., 1996;Hortobagyi, Devita, Money, & Barrier, 2001 ;B. Johnson,1972)与更传统的 1:1(同心:偏心)运动训练相比,可以在更短的时间内完成训练(English、Loehr、Lee 和 Smith,2014)。
It’s this eccentric overload applied in a task-specific environment that captures the next level of improved performance otherwise unattainable through traditional training methods.
正是这种在特定任务环境中应用的偏心超负荷,可以提高性能,而这是通过传统训练方法无法实现的。
Flywheel Training: A Long History in Science and Practice
飞轮训练:科学与实践的悠久历史
Research on flywheel devices dates back to the early 1900’s by Krogh 1913, Hill 1920, and Hansen and Lindhard in 1923 (Hansen & Lindhard, 1923; Hill, 1920; Krogh, 1913), but the use of flywheels for performance became popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s when NASA began examining ways to maintain lean muscle mass and bone density during extended travel in the zero-gravity atmosphere of space (Dudley, Tesch, Miller, & Buchanan, 1991). Since then, numerous studies have been published demonstrating the effectiveness of flywheel training for developing strength, hypertrophy, power, injury prevention, and rehabilitation (Alfredson, 2003; Gonzalo-Skok et al., 2016; LaStayo et al., 2003; Roig et al., 2008).
对飞轮装置的研究可以追溯到 1900 年代初,由 Krogh 1913、Hill 1920 以及 Hansen 和 Lindhard 于 1923 年进行(Hansen & Lindhard, 1923;Hill, 1920;Krogh, 1913),但飞轮的使用在性能方面变得流行起来20 世纪 80 年代末和 90 年代初,NASA 开始研究在零重力太空大气中长时间旅行期间保持瘦肌肉质量和骨密度的方法(Dudley、Tesch、Miller 和 Buchanan,1991)。此后,发表了大量研究,证明飞轮训练对于发展力量、肥大、力量、损伤预防和康复的有效性(Alfredson,2003;Gonzalo-Skok 等,2016;LaStayo 等,2003;Roig 等等,2008)。
The benefits of inertial based training are rooted in the extensive research surrounding eccentric training. Beginning at the cellular level, forces imparted to tendons and muscles are converted from mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals. This is referred to as mechanotransduction (Maffulli & Longo, 2008), which in turn results in remodeling of the myofilaments and adaptation of the viscoelastic properties of the muscle (Yu, Furst, & Thornell, 2003).
基于惯性的训练的好处植根于围绕离心训练的广泛研究。从细胞水平开始,施加到肌腱和肌肉的力从机械刺激转化为生化信号。这被称为机械转导(Maffulli & Longo,2008),进而导致肌丝重塑和肌肉粘弹性特性的适应(Yu、Furst 和 Thornell,2003)。
Research shows these other benefits also occur:
研究表明还存在以下其他好处:
- recruitment of slow-contraction motor units
慢收缩运动单位的募集 - activation of a large number of motor units (neural adaptation)
激活大量运动单位(神经适应) - increased dynamic and passive muscular endurance (mechanical adaptation)
增加动态和被动肌肉耐力(机械适应) - longitudinal addition of sarcomeres
肌节纵向添加 - adaptation to the inflammatory response
适应炎症反应 - adaptation to maintain muscle excitation-contraction coupling (cellular adaptation) (McHugh, 2003; Miyama & Nosaka, 2007).
维持肌肉兴奋-收缩耦合的适应(细胞适应)(McHugh,2003;Miyama & Nosaka,2007)。
These positive cellular, mechanical, and neural adaptations are the result of the repeated bout effect (RBE). Consequently, there is an increased “stiffness” of the muscle-tendon unit (Lindstedt, LaStayo, & Reich, 2001) that makes the tissue more resilient and able to handle higher loads or forces imparted into the structure.
这些积极的细胞、机械和神经适应是重复发作效应 (RBE) 的结果。因此,肌肉肌腱单元的“刚度”增加(Lindstedt、LaStayo 和 Reich,2001),使组织更有弹性,能够承受施加到结构中的更高负载或力。
While it would seem that an increase in passive muscle stiffness would limit joint range of motion, evidence leads us to believe the contrary. In fact, according to a systematic review by O’Sullivan in 2012, long-term eccentric training revealed improved flexibility (O’Sullivan, McAuliffe, & Deburca, 2012). This improvement is attributed to an increase in the number of sarcomeres distributed in series, also known as sarcomerogenesis (Butterfield, Leonard, & Herzog, 2005; Lynn, Talbot, & Morgan, 1998; Yu et al., 2003).
虽然被动肌肉僵硬的增加似乎会限制关节的运动范围,但证据让我们相信事实恰恰相反。事实上,根据 O'Sullivan 在 2012 年的系统回顾,长期离心训练揭示了灵活性的提高(O'Sullivan、McAuliffe 和 Deburca,2012)。这种改善归因于串联分布的肌节数量的增加,也称为肌节发生(Butterfield、Leonard 和 Herzog,2005;Lynn、Talbot 和 Morgan,1998;Yu 等人,2003)。
It’s proposed that sarcomerogenesis, along with adaptations to the passive elements within the muscle, create a shift in the muscle length-tension curve that consistently occurs with eccentric training (O’Sullivan et al., 2012). The resulting benefit includes greater motor control throughout a larger range of motion ultimately leading to improved performance and protection against injury.
有人提出,肌瘤生成以及对肌肉内被动元素的适应,会导致肌肉长度-张力曲线发生变化,这种变化在离心训练中始终会发生(O'Sullivan 等人,2012)。由此产生的好处包括在更大的运动范围内实现更好的运动控制,最终提高性能并防止受伤。
Building High Total Body Resilience with Eccentric Overload
通过偏心超载建立高全身弹性
Eccentric training’s protective benefits have direct implications in rehabilitation and reconditioning. Because forces are extremely high during the eccentric, or lengthening phase, of movement, injuries often occur during the deceleration (LaStayo et al., 2003) of the body. If the forces needed for deceleration exceed those of the muscle-tendon system, injury to the muscle, myotendinous unit, the tendon itself, and the osteotendinous insertion may occur (LaStayo et al., 2003).
离心训练的保护作用对康复和修复有直接影响。由于运动的偏心或延长阶段的力量非常大,因此在身体减速期间经常会发生伤害(LaStayo et al., 2003)。如果减速所需的力超过肌肉肌腱系统的力,则可能会发生肌肉、肌腱单位、肌腱本身和骨腱插入的损伤(LaStayo et al., 2003)。
Research suggests that athletes with a history of recurring hamstring and adductor muscle strains possess greater impairment of their eccentric strength (2-fold) as compared to concentric strength, suggesting that improvement in the former may minimize the risk of injury (LaStayo et al., 2003). At the knee, the hamstring’s eccentric activity provides a posterior pull on the tibia to offset the anterior force of the quadriceps (Shimokochi & Shultz, 2008).
研究表明,有反复腿筋和内收肌拉伤病史的运动员,与同心力量相比,其偏心力量受损更大(2倍),这表明前者的改善可以最大限度地降低受伤风险(LaStayo等人, 2003)。在膝盖处,腘绳肌的偏心活动对胫骨提供后向拉力,以抵消股四头肌的前向力(Shimokochi & Shultz,2008)。
Along with their role in knee stabilization, the hamstrings are eccentrically activated before initial limb contact in movements such as cutting, stopping, and landing maneuvers (Nyland, Shapiro, Caborn, Nitz, & Malone, 1997). This “presetting” of the hamstrings along with eccentric quadriceps activity during the loading phase is crucial for proper shock absorption and protection against knee injuries such as ACL tears.
除了在膝盖稳定中的作用外,腘绳肌在诸如切入、停止和着陆等动作中在肢体初始接触之前也会被偏心地激活(Nyland、Shapiro、Caborn、Nitz 和 Malone,1997)。在加载阶段,腘绳肌的这种“预设”以及股四头肌的偏心活动对于适当的减震和防止膝关节损伤(例如前十字韧带撕裂)至关重要。
Similarly, training eccentrically for deceleration forces encountered in the upper extremity is pertinent for rehabilitation and injury prevention of the overhead athlete. The distraction forces from throwing a baseball at the glenohumeral joint are equal to one to one and a half times body weight (Fleisig, Andrews, Dillman, & Escamilla, 1995). For this reason, muscles in the shoulder must undergo high decelerative eccentric contractions to preserve healthy joint arthrokinematics (Ellenbecker, Davies, & Rowinski, 1988). Whether used along the rehabilitation continuum or as part of a training program, eccentric and eccentric overload training are critical to preparing the athlete for the forces they will encounter during practice or competition.
同样,针对上肢遇到的减速力进行偏心训练对于过头运动员的康复和损伤预防也很重要。向盂肱关节投掷棒球所产生的分心力等于体重的一到一倍半(Fleisig、Andrews、Dillman 和 Escamilla,1995)。因此,肩部肌肉必须进行高减速偏心收缩,以保持健康的关节运动学(Ellenbecker、Davies 和 Rowinski,1988)。无论是在康复过程中使用还是作为训练计划的一部分,离心和离心超负荷训练对于运动员为练习或比赛中将遇到的力量做好准备至关重要。
Eccentric Overload: Performance
偏心过载:性能
As we turn our focus to performance, we must ask what the benefits are to strength, power, hypertrophy, and injury prevention when adding eccentric overload training. What does the science indicate? The higher forces generated (2-3 times greater than those produced either isometrically or concentrically) (Johnson, 1972; Jones & Rutherford, 1987) through eccentric training have shown it to be a superior method in developing both strength and hypertrophy (Hollander et al., 2007).
当我们将注意力转向表现时,我们必须问,增加偏心超负荷训练对力量、爆发力、肥大和预防伤害有什么好处。科学表明什么?通过偏心训练产生的力量更大(比等长或同心产生的力量大 2-3 倍)(Johnson,1972 年;Jones & Rutherford,1987 年),这表明它是发展力量和增肌的绝佳方法(Hollander 等人) .,2007)。
#EccentricOverload 是增强力量和肥大的绝佳方法。Share on X 分享到 X
Because it’s more effective than concentric training at increasing total and eccentric strength (Roig et al., 2009), it should be used to enhance the effects of the typical training seen in most weight rooms around the world. Studies have also shown that eccentric overload training is superior to eccentric underload in its ability to stimulate increases in strength (English et al., 2014), but even more significant is the speed in which training adaptations take place. When compared to traditional concentric/eccentric training, eccentric overload was the only training regimen to increase lower body lean muscle mass and show improvement in bone mineral density after only eight weeks of similar training (English et al., 2014).
因为它在增加总力量和偏心力量方面比向心训练更有效(Roig 等,2009),所以它应该用于增强世界各地大多数举重室中典型训练的效果。研究还表明,偏心超负荷训练在刺激力量增加的能力方面优于偏心欠负荷训练(English et al., 2014),但更重要的是训练适应发生的速度。与传统的向心/离心训练相比,离心超负荷是唯一能够增加下半身肌肉质量并在仅八周的类似训练后显示出骨矿物质密度改善的训练方案(English et al., 2014)。
Eccentric Overload Training: Hypertrophy
离心超负荷训练:肌肥大
Further studies examining eccentric overload training and its effects on muscle hypertrophy showed similar effects (de Souza-Teixeira & de Paz, 2012; Hedayatpour & Falla, 2015; Mayhew, Rothstein, Finucane, & Lamb, 1995; Ojasto & Hakkinen, 2009; Tesch, Ekberg, Lindquist, & Trieschmann, 2004; Vikne et al., 2006; Walker et al., 2016).
进一步研究离心超负荷训练及其对肌肉肥大的影响,显示出类似的效果(de Souza-Teixeira & de Paz, 2012;Hedayatpour & Falla, 2015;Mayhew, Rothstein, Finucane, & Lamb, 1995;Ojasto & Hakkinen, 2009;Tesch ,Ekberg、Lindquist 和 Trieschmann,2004 年;Walker 等人,2016 年;
Greater hypertrophy was also reported following chronic resistance training comprised of coupled eccentric and concentric actions or eccentric actions compared with concentric actions only (Hather, Tesch, Buchanan, & Dudley, 1991; Higbie, Cureton, Warren, & Prior, 1996; Hortobagyi et al., 1995; Norrbrand, Pozzo, & Tesch, 2010) This is another reason why using eccentric overload training in conjunction with traditional weight training should be heavily considered.
据报道,在由偏心和向心动作相结合的长期阻力训练或偏心动作与仅向心动作相比的情况下,也会出现更大的肥大(Hather, Tesch, Buchanan, & Dudley, 1991; Higbie, Cureton, Warren, & Prior, 1996; Hortobagyi et al ., 1995; Norrbrand, Pozzo, & Tesch, 2010)这是应认真考虑将偏心超负荷训练与传统重量训练结合使用的另一个原因。
Put simply, greater muscle hypertrophy is a result of enhanced muscle protein synthesis, which is a product of higher mechanical loading of the muscle. This type of mechanical loading is created by eccentric muscle actions (Norrbrand et al., 2010).
简而言之,更大的肌肉肥大是肌肉蛋白质合成增强的结果,而肌肉蛋白质合成是肌肉机械负荷增加的产物。这种类型的机械负荷是由偏心肌肉动作产生的(Norrbrand 等,2010)。
From the vantage points of power development and application of force, higher muscle forces can be produced during eccentric contractions compared with concentric (Roig et al., 2009). And while all types of training can improve power in multiple planes of movement, the specificity of training adaptation principle mainly prevails (Gonzalo-Skok et al., 2016).
从力量发展和力量应用的角度来看,与向心收缩相比,离心收缩期间可以产生更高的肌肉力量(Roig et al., 2009)。虽然所有类型的训练都可以提高多个运动平面的力量,但训练适应原则的特殊性主要占主导地位(Gonzalo-Skok 等,2016)。
One particular study examined this specificity by programming exercises in both the vertical and horizontal planes. The results were what one would likely expect. Those who trained vertically improved in all planes, but made the most gains vertically (vertical jump) and those who trained multi-directionally also improved across the board but gained the most multi-directionally (acceleration and change of direction) (Gonzalo-Skok et al., 2016).
一项特殊研究通过垂直和水平平面上的编程练习来检验这种特殊性。结果正如人们所预料的那样。那些进行垂直训练的人在所有平面上都有所提高,但在垂直方向上获得的收益最多(垂直跳跃),而那些进行多方向训练的人也全面提高,但在多方向上获得了最多的收益(加速和方向改变)(Gonzalo-Skok 等人)等,2016)。
Research from 2016 indicated that those who train using eccentric overload were able to produce a significantly greater breaking and propulsive contact time (de Hoyo et al., 2016). This suggests that eccentric overload could be a fundamentally important mechanism underpinning change of direction ability (de Hoyo et al., 2016).
2016 年的研究表明,那些使用偏心超负荷训练的人能够产生显着更长的断裂和推进接触时间(de Hoyo 等人,2016)。这表明偏心过载可能是支撑方向改变能力的一个根本性重要机制(de Hoyo et al., 2016)。
In short, neuromuscular and functional changes induced by exercise are specific to the mode of exercise performed (Hedayatpour & Falla, 2015). Therefore, by not performing exercises that encompass eccentric overload as a stimulus, an entire cascade of neural, physiological, and muscular adaptations will be neglected and underdeveloped. While all of these methods are important to the training, rehabilitation, and reconditioning of athletes, they offer mostly constant concentric and eccentric load in exercises emphasizing vertical actions.
简而言之,运动引起的神经肌肉和功能变化特定于所进行的运动模式(Hedayatpour & Falla,2015)。因此,如果不进行包含偏心超负荷作为刺激的练习,整个神经、生理和肌肉适应的级联将被忽视和发育不全。虽然所有这些方法对于运动员的训练、康复和恢复都很重要,但它们在强调垂直动作的练习中大多提供恒定的同心和偏心负荷。
In most sports, athletes are required to repeatedly perform short explosive efforts such as accelerations and decelerations during changes of direction (de Hoyo et al., 2015). The capacity to dissipate the forces during abrupt deceleration (breaking ability) is critical to injury prevention, while the ability to decelerate and reaccelerate in a short period of time (reactive strength) is paramount to enhanced performance.
在大多数运动中,运动员需要在改变方向时反复进行短暂的爆发力,例如加速和减速(de Hoyo et al., 2015)。突然减速期间消散力的能力(断裂能力)对于预防伤害至关重要,而短时间内减速和重新加速的能力(反应强度)对于增强性能至关重要。
Whether one is training to improve strength, power, or change of direction, rehabilitating from an injury, or improving resilience, the flywheel designed by VersaPulley™ is a safe and effective tool for training at any load, at any speed, and in any plane within an infinite amount of exercise variation. Because of its high/low capabilities, the VersaPulley™ allows for the prescription of exercises in all planes of motion, creating training stimuli from the general to the specific.
无论是为了提高力量、爆发力或变向训练、受伤康复还是提高复原力,VersaPulley™ 设计的飞轮都是一种安全有效的工具,可在任何负载、任何速度和任何平面上进行训练在无限量的运动变化范围内。由于其高/低功能,VersaPulley™ 可以在所有运动平面上制定练习方案,从而创建从一般到具体的训练刺激。
Implementation of eccentric overload strength training has been lacking in traditional strength and conditioning program designs (Hollander et al., 2007). In short, if programmed and implemented correctly, eccentric overload training should be an integral part of any comprehensive rehabilitation or training program seeking to improve performance and decrease injury potential.
传统的力量和体能训练计划设计中一直缺乏偏心超负荷力量训练的实施(Hollander 等,2007)。简而言之,如果正确规划和实施,偏心超负荷训练应该成为任何旨在提高表现和减少受伤可能性的综合康复或训练计划的组成部分。
Going Beyond Gravity with Flywheel Eccentric Training
通过飞轮偏心训练超越重力
In conclusion, traditional weight training using gravity-dependent tools leaves a gap in preparing an athlete to manage all aspects of performance. Barbells, dumbbells, kettlebells, and the like offer constant concentric and eccentric load in exercises emphasizing vertical action, yet they rarely encompass horizontal/lateral actions offering eccentric overload (Tous-Fajardo, Gonzalo-Skok, Arjol-Serrano, & Tesch, 2016). Furthermore, a person’s ability to complete an eccentric-isometric-concentric cycle under maximal load is limited by the force production in the concentric phase (Hortobagyi, Devita, Money, & Barrier, 2001).
总之,使用依赖重力的工具的传统重量训练在运动员管理各个方面的表现方面存在差距。杠铃、哑铃、壶铃等在强调垂直动作的练习中提供恒定的同心和偏心负荷,但它们很少包含提供偏心负荷的水平/横向动作(Tous-Fajardo、Gonzalo-Skok、Arjol-Serrano 和 Tesch,2016) 。此外,一个人在最大负荷下完成偏心-等长-向心循环的能力受到向心阶段产生的力的限制(Hortobagyi,Devita,Money,&Barrier,2001)。
This means that traditional weight training creates an ideal environment for concentric strength and eccentric underload. Even with the addition of tools such as bands and chains, an eccentric overload is not achieved, and attempting to do so in this setting would be unsafe and expose those training to an unnecessary risk of injury. While we have used a number of flywheel devices, we have the most familiarity with the VersaPulley™ which was designed to create those moments of eccentric overload, allowing the athlete to be exposed to these stresses in a non-impact, concentrically-driven, and eccentrically overloaded environment. The flywheel device picks up where traditional gravity-based weights, chains, bands, and air-powered machines stop.
这意味着传统的重量训练为同心力量和偏心欠载创造了理想的环境。即使添加了带子和链条等工具,也无法实现偏心过载,并且尝试在这种情况下这样做是不安全的,并使这些训练面临不必要的受伤风险。虽然我们使用过多种飞轮装置,但我们最熟悉的是 VersaPulley™,它的设计目的是产生偏心过载力矩,使运动员能够以无冲击、同心驱动和稳定的方式承受这些压力。偏心过载环境。飞轮装置可以接续传统的基于重力的重物、链条、带子和气动机器停止的位置。
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詹妮弗·雷纳·马塞洛博士
Dr. Jennifer Reiner-Marcello is a high-performance reconditioning and rehabilitation specialist, a chiropractic sports physician to a number of professional and Olympic athletes, and a consultant to health and fitness companies. Most recently, she served as a rehabilitation specialist for the San Diego Padres during the 2015-2016 MLB season.
Jennifer Reiner-Marcello 博士是一位高性能的修复和康复专家、为许多专业运动员和奥林匹克运动员服务的脊椎按摩运动医生,以及健康和健身公司的顾问。最近,她在 2015-2016 MLB 赛季期间担任圣地亚哥教士队的康复专家。
Prior to her position with the Padres, Dr. Reiner-Marcello partnered with Water and Sports Physical Therapy to provide rehabilitation services at Fitness Quest 10, a sports performance facility in Scripps Ranch, California. She went on to open four additional locations, two of which were on the campus of Alexandria Center for Life Science where she was the director of chiropractic services for their corporate wellness center. In addition to her private practice, she served as the team chiropractor for the University of California San Diego from 2007-2013.
在加入教士队之前,Reiner-Marcello 博士与 Water and Sports Physical Therapy 合作,在位于加利福尼亚州斯克里普斯牧场的一家体育表演设施 Fitness Quest 10 提供康复服务。她随后又开设了四个地点,其中两个位于亚历山大生命科学中心的校园内,她在那里担任该公司健康中心的脊椎按摩服务总监。除了私人诊所外,她还于 2007 年至 2013 年担任加州大学圣地亚哥分校的脊椎按摩师团队。
Dr. Reiner-Marcello continues to provide education on behalf of TRX as a sport medicine instructor. Additionally, she serves as an officer for Team Elite Cares, a non-profit organization providing rehabilitation, training, and education to youth athletes.
Reiner-Marcello 博士作为运动医学讲师继续代表 TRX 提供教育。此外,她还担任 Team Elite Cares 的官员,该组织是一个为青少年运动员提供康复、培训和教育的非营利组织。
Dr. Reiner-Marcello received her bachelor’s degree in exercise and sports science from the University of Florida and her doctorate in chiropractic from Palmer College of Chiropractic West with a concentration in sports injury. She is a board Certified Chiropractic Sports Practitioner (CCSP), Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS) and holds additional certifications in the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA), Russian Kettlebell Certified (RKC), Graston Technique, Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS), Rock Tape, Functional Range Conditioning (FRC), running gait analysis, and is currently pursing her PRC from the Postural Restoration Institute (PRI).
Reiner-Marcello 博士在佛罗里达大学获得了运动和运动科学学士学位,并在西脊椎按摩学院帕尔默学院获得了脊椎按摩疗法博士学位,主修运动损伤。她是认证脊椎按摩运动从业者 (CCSP)、认证体能专家 (CSCS),并拥有功能运动筛查 (FMS)、选择性功能运动评估 (SFMA)、俄罗斯壶铃认证 (RKC)、Graston 技术等其他认证、动态神经肌肉稳定 (DNS)、岩石胶带、功能范围调节 (FRC)、运行步态分析,目前正在姿势恢复研究所 (PRI) 攻读 PRC。
Excellent write. Thank you.
写得很好。谢谢。
I currently have a Kbox. What is the superior rotational unit you would recommend?
我目前有一个Kbox。您推荐的高级旋转装置是什么?
The way forward is adjustable bi-phasic motorized units (Quantum 1080, Globus Kineo, Smartcoach Exentrix or even the Biodex/Cybex stuff). Unfortunately no performance based studies on those yet, though I guess we can draw logical conclusions.
未来的发展方向是可调节双相电动装置(Quantum 1080、Globus Kineo、Smartcoach Exentrix 甚至 Biodex/Cybex 等)。不幸的是,还没有基于性能的研究,尽管我想我们可以得出合乎逻辑的结论。
Too bad they are so expensive.
可惜它们太贵了。