Steamboatson rivers were a success. They easily plied the calm waters. But could they take the battering of a rough ocean? This question was put to the test in 1819.
斯廷博特森河取得了成功。他們輕鬆地在平靜的水域中航行。但是，他們能承受波濤洶湧的海洋的衝擊嗎？這個問題在 1819 年受到了考驗。

The American packet ship, the Savannah, was planning to steam across the Atlantic. The Savannab was a 110-foot ship. It was not newly built. It was con-verted. It was a full-rigged sailing ship. It was simply refitted. A steam engine was added to power two side paddle wheels.
美國郵輪薩凡納號（Savannah）正計劃穿越大西洋。Savannab 是一艘 110 英尺長的船。它不是新建的。它是顛倒的。這是一艘全副武裝的帆船。它只是被改裝了一下。增加了一台蒸汽機來為兩個側面的槳輪提供動力。

The Savannah left New York City on May 22, 1819. It docked at Liverpool,England, on June 20. The journey was made in 29 days. During the trip, the ship ran its engine only 85 hours. After that, the fuel was used up. The rest of the trip was made using sails. The Savannah returned to the United States under sail alone.The engine was not used. Nevertheless, the Savannah is in the records as the first steamship to cross the Atlantic.
薩凡納號於 1819 年 5 月 22 日離開紐約市。它於 6 月 20 日停靠在英國利物浦。旅程在 29 天內完成。在旅途中，這艘船的發動機只運行了85小時。在那之後，燃料就用完了。其餘的行程都是用帆完成的。薩凡納號獨自啟航返回美國。發動機沒有被使用。儘管如此，薩凡納號仍是第一艘橫渡大西洋的蒸汽船。

Another steamship also crossed the Atlantic, in 1838. It was the British ship,the Sirius. It used steam power all the way. It was also a side-wheeler. The trip took 181/2 days.
1838 年，另一艘輪船也穿越了大西洋。那是一艘英國船，天狼星號。它全程使用蒸汽動力。它也是一個側輪車。這次旅行花了 181/2 天。

These trips revealed one serious weakness. It was with the large side-wheels.The waves battered these rather fragile devices mercilessly. Something had to replace them. But what? The solution was the propeller. It was wholly under water at a ship's stern. It used power more efficiently.
這些旅行揭示了一個嚴重的弱點。它帶有大型側輪。海浪無情地打擊著這些相當脆弱的設備。必須有東西來取代他們。但又怎樣呢？解決方案是螺旋槳。它完全在船尾的水下。它更有效地利用了電力。

The steamship the Great Britain was designed in 1845. It became the first pro-peller-driven ship to travel across the Atlantic.
大不列顛號蒸汽船設計於1845年。它成為第一艘橫跨大西洋的職業 peller 驅動的船。

Main Idea 1
主要思想 1

Answer Score
答案分數

Mark the main idea M 15
標記主要思想 M 15

Mark the statement that is too broad
標記過於寬泛的陳述

Mark the statement that is too narrow
標記語句 that 太窄

a. The success of the steamship led to the Savannab and other ships crossing the Atlantic Ocean.
一個。蒸汽船的成功導致 Savannab 和其他船隻穿越大西洋。

b. Steamships became the popular way to travel in the 1800s.
b. 輪船成為 1800 年代流行的旅行方式。

c. The Savannab made its trip across the Atlantic using its steam engine and its sails.
c. 薩凡納布號使用蒸汽機和風帆穿越大西洋。

Score 15 points for each correct answer. Score
每個正確答案得 15 分。得分

Subject Matter 2This selection centers on
主題2此選擇以

a.the first steamnship.
A.第一艘輪船。

☑ b.ocean-crossing steamships.
☑ b.跨洋輪船。

☑ c. the Savannah crossing the Atlantic.
☑ c. 橫跨大西洋的薩凡納河。

d.traveling by water.
d.乘水路旅行。

Supporting 3The Savannah
支援 3The Savannah

Details ☑a. had two paddle wheels.
細節 ☑a. 有兩個槳輪。

b.had two sails.
b.有兩隻帆。

c. was the first steamship.
c. 是第一艘蒸汽船。

d.only used its engine.
d.只使用了它的引擎。

Conclusion 4 From this passage, it appears that the steamship
結論 4 從這段話中可以看出，輪船

/a.was the only way to travel.
/a.是唯一的旅行方式。

☑b. allowed people to travel to other countries.
☑ 灣。允許人們前往其他國家。

c.replaced sailboats.
c.更換了帆船。

d.brought goods as well as people to the United States.
d.將貨物和人員帶到美國。

Clarifying 5Most of the passage is devoted to
澄清 5 這段話的大部分內容都是關於

Devices a.facts and statistics.
設備 a.事實和統計數據。

b.a story.
B.A 故事。

□c. opinions of famous people.
□名人的觀點。

d.personal experiences.
d.個人經歷。

Vocabulary 6Something done efficiently is done
詞彙6 高效完成某事

in Context ☑a.very quickly.
在上下文中 ☑a.非常快。

b.slowly.
b.慢。

c.with lots of work.
c.工作量很大。

d.with little effort.
d.不費吹灰之力。

Add your scores for questions 1-6. Enter the total here Total
將問題 1-6 的分數相加。在此處輸入總計 總計

and on the graph on page 214. Score
和第 214 頁的圖表上。得分

Score 15 points for each correct answer. Score
每個正確答案得 15 分。得分

Subject Matter 2 This passage is mostly about
主題 2 本文主要是關於

☑a.Arabian combat.
☑ 一個。阿拉伯戰鬥。

b.why Arabs bred horses.
b.為什麼阿拉伯人飼養馬。

☑c.training Arabian horses.
☑c.訓練阿拉伯馬。

d.armies of Arabia.
d.阿拉伯軍隊。

Supporting 3Duing the final test the horses
支援 3Duing 對馬匹進行最終測試

Details /a. could not drink anything.
詳細資訊 /a. 不能喝任何東西。

b.heard the horn constantly.
b.不斷聽到喇叭聲。

c.could only drink lake water.
c.只能喝湖水。

d.were fed hay.
d.被餵食乾草。

Conclusion 4 We can conclude from this passage that
結論 4 我們可以從這段話中得出結論，

☑a. Arabian trainers also fought in the army.
☑ 一個。阿拉伯教練也在軍隊中戰鬥。

☑ b.the horses that passed the test fought in battle.
☑ b.通過測試的馬匹參加戰鬥。

c. the horses that did not pass were used for patrol duty.
c. 未通過的馬匹用於巡邏任務。

d.camels also had to survive tests and training.
d.Camels 還必須通過測試和訓練。

Clarifying 5The author makes the horse training process Devices clearer to the reader by
澄清 5作者通過以下方式使馬匹訓練過程的設備對讀者更清晰

☑a. describing a particular training activity.
☑ 一個。描述特定的訓練活動。

b.presenting a well-planned argument.
b.提出一個精心策劃的論點。

c. narrating some eyewitness accounts.
c. 敘述一些目擊者的陳述。

d.telling a story about a successful horse.
d.講述一匹成功馬的故事。

Vocabulary 6Tumult, in this passage,means
詞彙 6Tumult，在這段話中，意思是

in Context a.excitement.
在上下文中 a.excitement。

☑b.commotion.
☑b.騷動。

c.killing.
c.殺戮。

d.fear.
d.恐懼。

Add your scores for questions 1-6. Enter the total here Total
將問題 1-6 的分數相加。在此處輸入總計總計

and on the graph on page 214. Score
和第 214 頁的圖表上。得分

Every day we lace our talk with measurement words. We ask, “How much?”“How many?”and “How far?” At the store we buy meat by the pound, clothing by the size, and cloth by the yard. All athletic events are played on measured fields or sur-faces. Rules are also filled with words of measurement. For example, in football we know that a first down means a gain of at least 10 yards. Words of distance, weight,and size help us understand and visualize what is seen or said.
每天，我們的談話都用測量詞來穿插。我們問，「多少錢？有多少人？和「多遠？在商店裡，我們按磅購買肉類，按大小購買衣服，按碼購買布料。所有體育賽事均在測量場地或表面進行。規則中也充滿了衡量詞。例如，在足球中，我們知道第一次進攻意味著至少增加 10 碼。距離、粗細和大小的詞語有助於我們理解和想像所看到或所說的內容。

In ancient times, people used parts of the body as units of measurement. The Romans used uncia to name the distance equal to the width of a thumb.The English picked up this word and renamed it an inch. They did not, however, accept the thumb as a unit of measure. They decided instead that an inch should be “three barley corns, round and dry, placed end-to-end lengthwise."
在古代，人們使用身體的某些部位作為測量單位。羅馬人使用 uncia 來命名等於拇指寬度的距離。英國人拿起了這個詞，並將其改名為一英寸。然而，他們不接受拇指作為測量單位。相反，他們決定一英寸應該是“三顆大麥玉米，圓而干，首尾相連縱向放置”。

After this inch was accepted and used,the English then joined 12 inches and called it a foot. As it happened, 12 inches was roughly the length of a man's foot, so the foot-unit was widely used. To measure a room, all you had to do was put one foot in front of the other and count.
在這英寸被接受和使用后，英國人接著將 12 英寸連接起來，稱其為英尺。碰巧的是，12 英寸大約是一個男人的腳長，因此腳單位被廣泛使用。要測量一個房間，您所要做的就是將一隻腳放在另一隻腳前面並數數。

The inch and the foot worked so well that the English introduced a larger unit.They put together three lengths of a man's foot and called it a yard.Again,man had another useful unit-in this case, one he could use to pace off a large field quickly.
英寸和英尺效果很好，以至於英國人引入了一個更大的單位。他們把一個人的三隻腳放在一起，稱之為一碼。同樣，man 還有另一個有用的單位——在這種情況下，他可以用它來快速地在大片場地上踱步。

Then the English made a unit for the women, one especially for measuring cloth. They called this unit a yard too. The distance was from a man's nose to the tip of his middle finger.
然後英國人為婦女製作了一個單位，一個專門用於測量布料的單位。他們也稱這個單元為院子。這個距離是從男人的鼻子到他的中指尖。

Of course, there is a flaw in all this. Not all men are the same size. But no one seems to care.
當然，這一切都存在缺陷。並非所有男性的體型都相同。但似乎沒有人在乎。

Main Idea 1
主要思想 1

Answer Score
答案分數

Mark the main idea 15
標記主要思想 15

Mark the statement that is too broad
標記過於寬泛的陳述

Mark the statement that is too narrow
標記太窄的 s 標記

a. The problems of measurement began centuries ago.
一個。測量問題始於幾個世紀前。

b. The English recognized the need for a standard inch.
灣。英國人認識到需要標準英寸。

c. Various units of measurement developed over the centuries.
c. 幾個世紀以來發展起來的各種計量單位。

Subject Matter 2 This article is mainly concerned with
主題 2 本文主要關注

a. Roman measurement.
a. 羅馬測量。

b. the development of common units of measurement.
b. 常用測量單位的發展。

c. what an inch and a foot are equal to.
c. 一英寸和一英尺等於什麼。

d.understanding measurement.
d.了解測量。

Supporting 3The Romans decided that
支援3羅馬人決定

Details a. thumbs were about an inch wide.
細節 a. 拇指大約有一英寸寬。

b.barleycorns were always the same size.
b.大麥粒總是一樣的大小。

c. people are not all the same size.
c. 人們的體型並不相同。

d.a man's foot measures exactly 12 inches.
D.A 人的腳正好是 12 英寸。

Conclusion 4Many units of measurement were developed
結論4開發了許多測量單位

a. to make it easier to figure out common lengths.
a. 以便更容易地計算出常見的長度。

b.because men were considered more important than women.
b.因為人們認為男性比女性更重要。

c. for no particular reason.
c. 無特殊原因。

d.so the English could prove their superiority to the Romans.
d.so 英國人可以證明他們優於羅馬人。

Clarifying 5In the first paragraph the author gives
澄清 5在第一段中，作者給出了

Devices a.a history of measurement.
設備 a.測量歷史。

☑ b.examples of how often we use measures.
☑ b.我們使用度量標準的頻率示例。

c. an explanation of football rules.
c. 足球規則的解釋。

d. a way of figuring out which measures
d. 一種弄清楚哪些措施的方法

are useful.
都很有用。

Vocabulary 6The word flaw is closest in meaning to
詞彙 6缺陷這個詞的含義最接近

in Context ☑a.defect.
在上下文 ☑a.defect 中。

b.difference.
b.差異。

c.change.
c.更改。

d.danger.
d.危險。

Add your scores for questions 1-6. Enter the total here Total
將問題 1-6 的分數相加。在此處輸入總計 總計

and on the graph on page 214. Score
和第 214 頁的圖表上。得分

Mounted Police
騎警

What group was named the North West Mounted Rifles? Back in 1873, this was the first name given to the Canadian Mounted Police. Why did the original name change? Because the United States objected. They thought the name sounded too much like a military force. And that was a problem. A treaty between the United States and Canada stated that no armed forces would patrol the 4,000-mile border.So the name became Canadian Mounted Police. The word royal was added in 1920.King Edward VII of England allowed them to use the prefix.
哪個團體被命名為西北騎兵步槍？早在 1873 年，這是加拿大騎警的第一個名稱。為什麼原來的名字會改變？因為美國反對。他們認為這個名字聽起來太像一支軍隊。這是一個問題。美國和加拿大之間的一項條約規定，沒有武裝部隊會在 4,000 英里的邊界上巡邏。所以這個名字就變成了加拿大騎警。皇家一詞於 1920 年添加。英格蘭國王愛德華七世允許他們使用前綴。

What is the mission of the Mounties? The words on their badge tell it all. The words are “Maintain the right." The Mounties cover miles and miles of territory to fulfill their mission. They are not like the local police in towns and cities. Their ter-ritory is the mountains, forests, and tundra of the rest of Canada.
騎警的使命是什麼？他們徽章上的文字說明瞭一切。這句話是「維護權利」。騎警們為了完成他們的任務，覆蓋了數英里的領土。他們不像城鎮的當地員警。他們的領土是加拿大其他地區的山脈、森林和苔原。

The Mounties gained world fame during the Klondike gold rush. Gold was discov-ered in August 1896. More than 25,000 people joined the rush. People from all over the world sought their fortune in the frozen north. The Mounties kept law and order in the Canadian gold fields. (Many people believe the gold rush took place in Alaska.This is not so. The gold rush wras in the Yukon Territory. This belongs to Canada.)
騎警在克朗代克淘金熱期間獲得了世界聲譽。黃金於1896年8月被發現。超過 25,000 人加入了這場衝刺。來自世界各地的人們 在冰凍的北方尋求財富。騎警們在 Canadian 金礦區維持法律和秩序。（許多人認為淘金熱發生在阿拉斯加。事實並非如此。育空地區的淘金熱肆虐。這屬於加拿大。

In ceremonies, you can still see the Mounties. You'll see the famous scarlet tunics that they wear. You'll also see their wide-brimmed hats. Their breeches are always tucked in high boots with spurs. Dressed to the hilt, the Mounties are a sight to see.
在儀式上，您仍然可以看到騎警。你會看到他們穿著的著名的猩紅色束腰外衣。你還會看到他們的寬邊帽。他們的馬褲總是塞在帶馬刺的高筒靴里。穿著得體，騎警們是一個值得一看的景點。

Main Idea 1
主要思想 1

Answer Score
答案分數

Mark the main idea
標記主要思想

Mark the statement that is too broad
標記過於寬泛的陳述

Mark the statement that is too narrow
標記太窄的語句

a. The Royal Mounties are Canadian law officers.
一個。皇家騎警是加拿大的執法人員。

b. The Mounties became famous during the gold rush.
灣。騎警在淘金熱期間成名。

c. The Royal Mounties have policed Canadian territory for over a hundred years.
c. 皇家騎警在加拿大領土上已經有一百多年的歷史了。

Subject Matter 2 This passage is mainly about
主題 2 這段話主要是關於

a. the treaty between U.S.and Canada.
a. 美國和加拿大之間的條約。

b.Canadian police.
b.加拿大員警。

c. the Royal Mounties.
c. 皇家騎警。

d.a Canadian mission.
d.a 加拿大任務。

Supporting 3The Royal Mounties are recognized by their
支援 3皇家騎警 （Royal Mounties） 得到他們的認可

Details a.white shirts.
細節 a.白色襯衫。

b.highly polished shoes.
b.高度拋光的鞋子。

c.short,dark hats.
c.短款，深色帽子。

d.scarlet tunics.
d.猩紅色束腰外衣。

Conclusion 4The Mounties became famous during the Klondike gold rush because
結論4騎警在克朗代克淘金熱期間出名，因為

☑a. they kept order and control over thousands of people.
☑A. 他們維持秩序並控制著成千上萬的人。

b.it was cold and crowded but they stayed in the gold fields.
b.it 寒冷而擁擠，但他們留在了金礦區。

c. they helped discover the gold territory.
c. 他們幫助發現了黃金領地。

d.more people came to see the Mounties than ever before.
d. 來看騎警的人比以往任何時候都多。

Clarifying 5To explain how the Mounties got their present Devices name,the author
澄清 5為了解釋騎警們是如何獲得現在的設備名稱的，作者

b.describes their uniforms.
b.描述他們的制服。

/c. compares them to other policing forces.
/c. 將他們與其他警務部隊進行比較。

d.refers to a U.S.-Canadian treaty.
d. 指美國-加拿大條約。

Vocabulary 6 As used in this passage, fortune means
詞彙 6 在這段經文中，fortune 的意思是

in Context a.luck.
在上下文中 a.luck。

b.future.
b.未來。

☑c.wealth.
☑c.財富。

d.goods.
d.貨物。

Add your scores for questions 1-6. Enter the total here Total and on the graph on page 214. Score
將問題 1-6 的分數相加。在此處輸入總計，並在第 214 頁的圖表中輸入總數。得分

85 Protecting the Orange Crop
85 保護柳丁作物

Frost on the windowpanes is a child's dream. Frost in the orange groves is a grower's nightmare. Here is the reason: frost can ruin the oranges and even kill the trees.How does this happen? When the temperature is below 32 degrees Fahrenheit,juices in the leaves anad oranges freeze. When it freezes, the juice expands. This swelling bursts the thin cells of the leaves and fruit. Then the oranges will spoil and the trees dry up.
窗玻璃上的霜是孩子的夢想。橘子園的霜凍是種植者的噩夢。原因如下：霜凍會毀掉柳丁，甚至殺死樹木。這是怎麼發生的？當溫度低於 32 華氏度時，葉子中的果汁和柳丁會結冰。當它結冰時，果汁會膨脹。這種膨脹會使葉子和果實的薄細胞破裂。然後柳丁會變質，樹木會乾涸。

When growers hear a forecast of frost, they act fast. Smudge pots ready for light-ing are placed in the groves. Oil burners are also put out. Both are costly. For exam-ple, to protect an orange grove, 20 to 100 heaters are needed per acre.
當種植者聽到霜凍預報時，他們會迅速採取行動。準備點燃的熏香罐被放置在小樹林中。燃油燃燒器也被熄滅。兩者都很昂貴。例如，為了保護一個橘子園，每英畝需要 20 到 100 個加熱器。

Smudge pots and heaters are two ways of fighting frost. But now there is a new way. Odd as it sounds, growers use ice to fight freezing! Some spray their crops with water on a freezing night. The water freezes quickly, and then a strange thing hap-pens. As long as ice stays wet, it can't get colder than 32 degrees. Trees and oranges can stand this temperature. If the ice ever became entirely frozen and dry, it might drop many degrees and ruin the crop. The trick is to continually spray water on the ice.The spraying keeps the temperature from going below 32 degrees even if the air is much colder. Jack Frost may be frustrated, but the oranges and trees are saved.
污跡罐和加熱器是對抗霜凍的兩種方法。但現在有一條新方法。聽起來很奇怪，種植者用冰來對抗冰凍！有些人在寒冷的夜晚用水噴灑莊稼。水很快就結冰了，然後發生了一件奇怪的事情。只要冰保持濕潤，它就不會超過32度。樹木和柳丁可以承受這種溫度。如果冰完全凍結和乾燥，它可能會下降很多度並毀掉莊稼。訣竅是不斷地在冰上噴水。即使空氣要冷得多，噴塗也能使溫度不低於 32 度。傑克·弗羅斯特 （Jack Frost） 可能會感到沮喪，但柳丁和樹木都得救了。

This strange kind of “ice blanket" works only on plants strong enough to stand the weight of frozen spray. The system is also used to protect banana plants on some Central American plantaions.
這種奇怪的「冰毯」僅適用於強壯到足以承受冰凍噴霧重量的植物。該系統還用於保護一些中美洲種植園的香蕉植株。

Score 15 points for each correct answer. Score
每個正確答案得 15 分。得分

Subject Matter 2The best alternate title for this passage is
主題2這段話最好的替代標題是

a.Jack Frost Triumphs Again.
a.傑克·弗羅斯特再次勝利。

☑ b. Ways to Battle Frost.
☑ 灣。對抗 Frost 的方法。

c.The Helpless Plant.
c.無助的植物。

d.The Battle of the Farmer.
d.農民之戰。

Supporting 3Ice can save fruit trees rather than destroy them Details if the trees are
支援 3Ice 可以拯救果樹而不是摧毀它們 如果樹木是

☑ a. strong enough to support it.
☑ a. 足夠堅固以支撐它。

b.sprayed periodically.
b.定期噴灑。

c. accustomed to frost.
c. 習慣了霜凍。

d.quickly defrosted.
d.快速解凍。

Conclusion 4You can conclude from the passage that ice would not be used to prevent the freezing of
結論 4你可以從這段話中得出結論，冰不會被用來防止

a.banana trees.
a.香蕉樹。

□b.fir trees.
□b.冷杉樹。

☑ c. delicate rose bushes.
☑ c. 精緻的玫瑰花叢。

d.apple orchards.
d.蘋果園。

Clarifying 5The first paragraph catches the reader's attention Devices with
澄清 5第一段引起了讀者的注意 設備

/a.vivid adjectives.
/a.vivid 形容詞。

☑ b.an interesting comparison.
☑ b.一個有趣的比較。

c.personal opinions.
c.個人意見。

d.a definition.
d.a 定義。

Vocabulary 6 As used in this passage, frustrated means
詞彙6 在本節中，沮喪的意思是

in Context a.pleased.
在上下文中 a.pleased.

b.irritated.
b.煩躁。

c.melted.
c.融化。

d.said no to.
d.拒絕。

Add your scores for questions 1-6. Enter the total here Total and on the graph on page 214. Score
將問題 1-6 的分數相加。在此處輸入總計，並在第 214 頁的圖表中輸入總數。得分

86 Nighttime Sleep
86 夜間睡眠

Here is a statistic that will surprise you. More young people are killed each year by sleepy drivers than by drunk drivers. This proves one thing. Getting enough sleep can be a big problem. How are we dealing with the problem? Sleep clinics are popping up all over the United States. They are always working to find out more about sleep.
這是一個會讓您大吃一驚的統計數據。每年死於昏昏欲睡的司機的年輕人比死於醉酒司機的年輕人多。這證明瞭一件事。充足的睡眠可能是一個大問題。我們如何處理這個問題？睡眠診所在美國各地湧現。他們一直在努力瞭解更多關於睡眠的資訊。

Driving when tired can be very dangerous. During the daytime, over half of dri-vers report feeling sleepy at some point. At night, over 80 percent of drivers some-times get drowvsy. And here is the most frightening of all. Almost one-quarter of all drivers have fallen asleep at the wheel.
疲勞駕駛可能非常危險。在白天，超過一半的司機報告說在某個時候感到困倦。晚上，超過 80% 的司機有時會感到疲憊。這是最可怕的。幾乎四分之一的司機在開車時睡著了。

What is going on here? One thing is that people are not getting enough sleep.One person out of three gets by on less than six hours a night. Many people have trouble falling asleep. Others fall asleep easily, but then wake up time after time.Few people get enough of the deep sleep they need to feel really rested.
這是怎麼回事？一件事是人們睡眠不足。三分之一的人每晚不到 6 小時。許多人難以入睡。其他人很容易入睡，但隨後一次又一次地醒來。很少有人能獲得足夠的深度睡眠來真正感到休息。

Here are some facts to remember. Believe it or not, people need seven to nine hours of nighttime sleep to remain healthy. During that sleep, a person's immune system is built up. This helps fight off diseases and infections. And taking a nap in the daytime does not really help. It will make a person feel refreshed. But it cannot make up for the lack of nighttime sleep.
以下是一些需要記住的事實。信不信由你，人們需要 7 到 9 個小時的夜間睡眠才能保持健康。在睡眠期間，一個人的免疫系統會建立起來。這有助於抵抗疾病和感染。白天小睡並沒有真正的説明。它會讓人精神煥發。 但它無法彌補夜間睡眠的不足。

What if you are a person with real sleeping problems? What if you have tried all the home remedies like hot milk? You might consider going to a sleep clinic.Many such clinics look for volunteers. They will study your sleep problems, and you will not have to pay anything.
如果你是一個真正有睡眠問題的人怎麼辦？如果你試過所有的家庭療法，比如熱牛奶怎麼辦？您可以考慮去睡眠診所。許多這樣的診所都在尋找志願者。他們會研究您的睡眠問題，您無需支付任何費用。

Main Idea 1
主要思想 1

Answer Score
答案分數

Mark the main idea
標記主要思想

Mark the statement that is too broad
標記過於寬泛的陳述

Mark the statement that is too narrow
標記太窄的 statem ent

a. Nighttime sleep is important in preventing illness and unsafe driving.
a. 夜間睡眠對於預防疾病和不安全駕駛很重要。

b. Sleepy drivers can cause accidents and kill people.
b. 疲勞的司機會導致事故並殺死人。

c. Getting proper sleep is necessary for everyone.
c. 獲得適當的睡眠對每個人都是必要的。

Subject Matter 2This passage is mainly concerned with
主題 2本文主要關注

a.sleepy drivers.
A.昏昏欲睡的司機。

☑b.data about sleep and sleepers.
☑b.有關睡眠和睡眠者的數據。

c.taking naps.
c.小睡。

☑d.sleep clinics.
☑d.睡眠診所。

Supporting 3Proper sleep
支援 3適當的睡眠

Details a. can be had either at night or during the day.
詳細資訊 a. 可以在晚上或白天獲得。

□/b.is about 10 hours a night.
□/b.is 每晚約 10 小時。

☑c. strengthens the immune system.
☑c.增強免疫系統。

d.is less necessary as people get older.
隨著年齡的增長，d.is 越來越不必要。

Conclusion 4We canr assume that lack of sleep could
結論 4我們可以假設睡眠不足可能會

a. make a person gain weight.
a. 使人體重增加。

□/b. not happen at a sleep clinic.
□/b. 不會發生在睡眠診所。

☑ c. be dangerous for pilots.
☑ c. 對飛行員構成危險。

d.have a bad effect on animals.
d.對動物有不良影響。

Clarifying 5To help the reader understand that sleep is Devices important,the writer uses
澄清 5為了幫助讀者理解睡眠是 設備 重要性，作者使用

a.several examples.
A.幾個例子。

b.quotes from experts.
b.專家引言。

□c. careful measurements.
□仔細測量。

d.strong arguments.
d.強有力的論據。

Vocabulary 6The best definition for refreshed in this passage is
詞彙 6 本文中刷新的最佳定義是

in Context ☑a.newly purchased.
在 Context ☑a.newly purchased 中。

b.restored.
b.已恢復。

c. newly planted.
c. 新種植。

d.quiet.
d.安靜。

Total
總

Score
得分

The word "unsinkable" sunk the Titanic. How? Because everyone believed it.
“永不沉沒”這個詞使泰坦尼克號沉沒。如何？因為每個人都相信它。

The ship left Southampton, England, on April 10, 1912. She sailed forfive days on calm seas, steaming at about 26 miles per hour. Pretty fast for a ship of over 46 thousand tons.
該船於 1912 年 4 月 10 日離開英國南安普敦。她在平靜的海面上航行了五天，以每小時約 26 英里的速度航行。對於一艘超過 46,000 噸的船來說，這是相當快的。

On April 14, wireless reOports from other ships warned of icebergs ahead.Actually, six reports came in that day. But the “unsinkable” ship steamed on. No slowing down.
4 月 14 日，其他船隻的無線電轉發警告前方有冰山。實際上，那天收到了六份報告。但「永不沉沒」的船繼續前進。不要放慢速度。

There was no moon that night. At 11:40 p.M. lookout Frederick Fleet saw the iceberg and phoned the bridge. A mountain of ice loomed against the dark sky. The berg was about 100 feet high. This means it extended about 900 feet below the sur-face.The ship veered at the last second. From above, it looked like a close shave.But at the bottom a scraping sound was heard.
那天晚上沒有月亮。晚上 11 點 40 分，瞭望員弗雷德里克·弗利特 （Frederick Fleet） 看到了冰山，並給橋打了電話。一座冰山在漆黑的天空中若隱若現。山大約有 100 英尺高。這意味著它延伸到表面以下約 900 英尺處。船在最後一秒轉向。從上面看，它看起來像是一次近距離的剃鬚。但在底部，可以聽到刮擦的聲音。

It took 25 minutes to assess the damage. Water was pouring in. At 12:05,“Get the lifeboats ready" was ordered. By 2:20 A.M. the ship had sunk below the surface.So there were only about two free hours to load the lifeboats. The ship carried 2,207 people. Fully loaded, the lifeboats could take only 1,178.Already there was guaranteed doom for many. Most boats pulled away partially loaded. Boat #1, made for 40,carried only 12. Ultimately, only 705 people survived.
評估損失花了 25 分鐘。水湧進來。12 點 05 分，「準備好救生艇」的命令。到淩晨 2 點 20 分，這艘船已經沉入水面以下。所以只有大約兩個小時的空閒時間來裝載救生艇。這艘船載有 2,207 人。滿載而歸，救生艇只能搭載 1,178 艘救生艇。 大多數船隻都半載而歸。船 #1 ，造了 40 人，只運了 12 人。最終，只有 705 人倖存下來。

Just 10 miles away was the Californian, stopped since 10:30 P.M. Each ship could see the other's lights. But they could not communicate. The Californian shut down its wireless at 11:30.The Titanic crashed 10 minutes later. Its cry for help was unheard.
距離酒店 10 英里遠的是加利福尼亞人，從晚上 10 點 30 分開始停下。每艘船都能看到對方的燈光。但他們無法交流。 加利福尼亞人在 11 點 30 分關閉了無線，泰坦尼克號在 10 分鐘後墜毀。它的呼救聲沒有被聽到。

The Carpathia, many miles away, heard. Arriving after four hours,it picked up the survivors.
好幾英里外的喀爾巴阡號聽到了。四個小時后到達，它接走了倖存者。

Main Idea 1
主要思想 1

Answer Score
答案分數

Mark the main idea
標記主要思想

a. There is really no such thing as an unsinkable ship.
一個。真的沒有永不沉沒的船。

b. The sinking of the Titanic is an un-forgettably sad and tragic story.
灣。泰坦尼克號的沉沒是一個令人難忘的悲傷和悲慘的故事。

c. A huge iceberg struck the bottom of the Titanic.
c. 一座巨大的冰山擊中了泰坦尼克號的底部。

Score 15 points for each correct answer. Score
每個正確答案得 15 分。得分

Subject Matter 2Another good title for this passage would be
主題 2這段話的另一個好標題是

a.“Man the Lifeboats!”
a.“駕駛救生艇！

☑b.Just One Small Iceberg.
☑ 灣。只是一座小冰山。

c.A Beautiful Ocean Liner.

☑d.A Watery Disaster.
☑d.一場水災。

Supporting 3When the Titanic hit the iceberg it
支援 3當泰坦尼克號撞上冰山時

Details a.wired the Californian.
詳細資訊 a.wired theCalifornian.

□/b.had lifeboats ready.
□/b.準備好了救生艇。

☑c. was night.
☑c.是晚上。

d.immediately notified the passengers.
d.立即通知乘客。

Conclusion 4From this passage we can infer that
結論 4從這段話中我們可以推斷出

a. the Titanic did not have a large enough crew.
a. 泰坦尼克號沒有足夠多的船員。

☑b.passengers were not told to fill the lifeboats.
☑b.沒有告訴乘客給救生艇加油。

/c. more woman and children survived.
/c. 更多的婦女和兒童倖存下來。

☑ d.most ships did not care what happened to others.
☑ D. 大多數船隻並不關心其他船隻的遭遇。

Clarifying 5The first paragraph in the passage suggests that
澄清 5 該段落的第一段表明

Devices ☑ a. no one was properly prepared for an emergency on the ship.
設備 ☑ a. 沒有人為船上的緊急情況做好充分準備。

b. if the ship was built correctly it would not have sunk.
b. 如果這艘船建造得當，它就不會沉沒。

c. there should have been lifeboat drills on the ship.
c. 船上應該有救生艇演習。

d.the Titanic was destined to sink.
d.泰坦尼克號註定要沉沒。

Vocabulary 6As used in this passage, veered means
詞彙 6如本文中使用的，veered 的意思是

in Context a.steered.
在上下文中 a.steered。

☑b.swerved.
☑b.轉向。

c. backed up.
c. 已備份。

d.rocked.
d.震撼。

Add your scores for questions 1-6. Enter the total here Total and on the graph on page 214. Score
將問題 1-6 的分數相加。在這裡輸入總計，並在第 214 頁的圖表中輸入總數。 得分

88 The Panama Canal
88 巴拿馬運河

Here are some basics about the Panama Canal. It cuts through Panama to join the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Work on it started in 1904. The first ship sailed through on August 15, 1914. The canal is 50.72 miles long. From ocean to ocean,travel time is about eight hours.
以下是有關巴拿馬運河的一些基本資訊。它穿過巴拿馬，加入大西洋和太平洋。它的工作始於 1904 年。第一艘船於 1914 年 8 月 15 日駛過。運河長 50.72 英里。從大洋到大洋，旅行時間約為8小時。

What makes the canal so important is this. Ships don't have to sail around the tip of South America. For example, consider a ship sailing from New York City to San Francisco.Sailing around South America is 13,000 miles. Going through the canal is about 5,200 miles less.
運河如此重要的原因在於這一點。船隻不必繞著南美洲的頂端航行。例如，考慮一艘從紐約市航行到三藩市的船，繞南美洲航行是13,000英里。穿過運河大約少了 5,200 英里。

About 40 ships pass through the canal in a day. All ships, including warships,must pay a 40l1. The toll depends on a ship's size and cargo. For example,the U.S.S.
一天大約有 40 艘船通過運河。所有船隻，包括軍艦，都必須支付 40l1。通行費取決於船舶的大小和貨物。例如，美國

What was the greatest problem in buiIding the canal? The answer: disease.The
修建運河的最大問題是什麼？答案是：疾病。這

Main Idea 1
主要思想 1

Answer Score
答案分數

Mark the main idea
標記主要思想

Mark the statement that is too broad -5
標記太寬泛的語句 -5

Mark the statement that is too narrow
標記太窄的語句

a. The Panama Canal was an important development in the 1900s.
一個。巴拿馬運河是 1900 年代的一項重要發展。

b. Ships pay a toll to pass through the Panama Canal.
b. 船隻通過巴拿馬運河需要支付通行費。

c. The Panama Canal saves travel time,but it was not built without a struggle.
c. 巴拿馬運河節省了旅行時間，但它並非一帆風順地建造。

Score 15 points for each correct answer. Score
每個正確答案得 15 分。得分

Subject Matter 2 The passage is primarily about
主題 2 這段話主要是關於

a.sailing through the canal.
A.穿越運河。

b.Colonel William Gorgas.
b.威廉·戈爾加斯上校。

c. the Panama Canal.
c. 巴拿馬運河。

d.what people did before the canal was built.
D.運河建成前人們做了什麼。

Supporting 3The Panama Canal
支援3巴拿馬運河

Details ☑ a. has about 40 ships sailing through in a day.
詳細資訊 ☑ a. 一天大約有 40 艘船通過。

b.does not charge a toll to American ships.
b.不向美國船隻收取通行費。

☑c. was completed in 1904.
☑c.於1904年完工。

d.goes from New York City to San Francisco.
d.從紐約市前往三藩市。

Conclusion 4 Judging from this passage, one might say that building the canal.
結論 4 從這段話來看，可以說修建運河。

a. caused diseases that hurt people in the area.
a. 導致疾病傷害該地區的人們。

b.made it easier for warships to fight other countries.
b.使軍艦更容易與其他國家作戰。

☑c. made sailing more expensive than it had been.
☑c.使航海比以前更昂貴。

☑d.took courage and dedication.
☑d.勇氣和奉獻精神。

Clarifying 5The author makes clear how difficul canal Devices building was by
澄清 5作者清楚地說明了困難管裝置的構建是如何

a. describing the work of Gorgas.
a. 描述 Gorgas 的工作。

b.describing the tall mountains that surround it.
b.描述周圍的高山。

c.giving the number of people who died building it.
c.給出建造它所死亡的人數。

d.telling how long it took to build.
d.告訴構建需要多長時間。

Vocabulary 6In this passage reduced means
詞彙 6在這段話中，簡化的意思是

in Context ☑ a. decreased.
在上下文 ☑ a. 中減少。

b.improved.
b.改進。

c.measured.
c.測量。

d.enlarged.
d.放大。

Add your scores for questions 1-6. Enter the total here Total
將問題 1-6 的分數相加。在此處輸入總計總計

and on the graph on page 214. Score
和第 214 頁的圖表上。得分

89 Knives,Forks, and Spoons
89 把刀、叉和勺子

Imagine sitting down to dinner in the early days of our country. In front of you1 at that time would be a large plate made of pewter. Alongside the pewter plate would be only a knife and a spoon. What? Nofork? Yes, no fork. Why? The first fork was brought to this country by Governor John Winthrop in 1630. It took many years before the average family had forks.
想像一下在我們國家成立初期坐下來吃晚飯。那時，您面前的將是一個由錫製成的大盤子。除了錫盤，只有一把刀和一把勺子。什麼？不分叉？是的，沒有分叉。為什麼？第一個叉子是由總督約翰·溫思羅普 （John Winthrop） 於 1630 年帶到這個國家的。普通家庭花了很多年才有叉子。

Even when forks were introduced, they were not widely used. They were thought to be effeminate. This was true especially among men. Tough men continued to pick up food with their fingers. Even the clergy jumped to the side of such men.They argued that it was almost a sin to eat with a fork. After all, they said, fingers were made before forks. Also, forks were an unnaturaI substitute for the God-given fingers.
即使引入了分叉，它們也沒有被廣泛使用。他們被認為是女性化的。這在男性中尤其如此。硬漢們繼續用手指撿起食物。甚至神職人員也跳到這些人的一邊。他們爭辯說，用叉子吃東西幾乎是一種罪過。畢竟，他們說，手指是在叉子之前製造的。此外，叉子是上帝賜予的手指的 unnaturaI 替代品。

Nevertheless, forks slowly gained acceptance. The earliest ones had only two tines. The tines were not delicate. They were long and looked more like a weapon than an eating utensil. For a better idea of what they looked like, do this.Open your kitchen drawer and take out the fork used in carving a big turkey or roast beef.This is a throwback to the early table forks. And these carving forks, in turn, were a throwback to a vicious twin-pointed battle spear.
儘管如此，分叉慢慢獲得了認可。最早的只有兩個尖齒。尖齒並不脆弱。它們很長，看起來更像是武器，而不是餐具。為了更好地瞭解它們的外觀，請執行此操作。打開廚房抽屜，拿出用於雕刻大火雞或烤牛肉的叉子。這是對早期餐桌分叉的回歸。而這些雕刻叉，反過來又是對惡毒的雙尖戰矛的回歸。

The forks we now use have either three or four tines. Such forks came into use only about a century ago. You may wonder how such a simple utensil took so long to develop. After all, hundreds of complex inventions came about long before the fork. Why didn't people's ingenuity come to the fore a lot sooner? We don't know.What's your guess?
我們現在使用的叉子有三個或四個叉齒。這種分叉僅在大約一個世紀前才開始使用。您可能想知道這麼簡單的器皿是如何花了這麼長時間才開發的。畢竟，早在分叉之前就出現了數百項複雜的發明。為什麼人們的聰明才智沒有早點顯現出來呢？不知道。你的猜測是什麼？

Main Idea 1
主要思想 1

Answer Score
答案分數

Mark the main idea Mark the statement that is too broad
標記主要思想 標記過於寬泛的陳述

Mark the statement that is too narrow
標記太窄的語句

a. The fork's development took many years.
一個。分叉的開發花了很多年時間。

b. Utensils take years to be accepted.
b.器皿需要數年時間才能被接受。

c. The early fork was similar to a carving fork.
c. 早期的叉子類似於雕刻叉。

Score 15 points for each correct answer. Score
每個正確答案得 15 分。得分

Subject Matter 2 The focus of this passage is
主題2 本文的重點是

a.utensils.
a.器皿。

b.the early days.
b.早期。

d.simple inventions.
d.簡單的發明。

Supporting 3 ;Early forks
支援 3 ;早期分叉

Details a.were sometimes used as battle spears.
細節 a.有時被用作戰鬥長矛。

b.were more useful than modern forks.
b.比現代分叉更有用。

/C. were used only for carving.
/C. 僅用於雕刻。

☑d.originally had only two tines.
☑d.最初只有兩個尖齒。

Conclusion 4From this passage we can conclude that today's forks
結論 4從這段話中我們可以得出結論，今天的分叉

a. are used more widely than when forks were first developed.
a. 的使用比 fork 最初開發時更廣泛。

b.come in many sizes.
b.有多種尺寸可供選擇。

c. are enjoying renewed popularity.
c. 正在享受新的人氣。

d.are closely related to spoons.
d.與勺子密切相關。

Clarifying 5The purpose of the first sentence in this passage is to
澄清 5 這段話第一句話的目的是

Devices a.jog your memory.
設備 a.jog 你的記憶體。

c. put you in a serious mood.
c. 讓你心情嚴肅。

d.awaken your feelings.
d.喚醒你的感情。

Vocabulary 6 The word throwback, as used in this passage, means
詞彙 6 本文中使用的 throwback 一詞的意思是

in Context a.an object that is able to return to the sender.
in Context a.an 物件。

□b.something that bounces back.
□b.反彈的東西。

d.a valuable object.
d.貴重物品。

Add your scores for questions 1-6. Enter the total here Total
將問題 1-6 的分數相加。在此處輸入總計總計

and on the graph on page 214. Score
和第 214 頁的圖表上。得分

You probably remember that chocolate is made from cacao seeds. These seeds grow on cacao trees. Note that cacao (not cocoa) is the accurate spelling. The mistake in spelling was made a long time ago by English importers.
您可能還記得巧克力是由可哥籽製成的。這些種子生長在可哥樹上。請注意，cacao （not cocoa） 是準確的拼寫。拼寫錯誤是很久以前英國進口商犯的。

The word cacao comes from two Mayan words meaning "bitter juice."The word chocolate came from two other Mayan words meaning "warm drink.”
可哥這個詞來自兩個瑪雅詞，意思是“苦汁”。巧克力這個詞來自另外兩個瑪雅詞，意思是“熱飲”。

The cacao tree was first found in southern Mexico. In their wild state cacao trees grow up to 40 feet tall. But on a farm they are kept pruned to a height of about 15 feet.
可哥樹最早是在墨西哥南部發現的。在野生狀態下，可哥樹可以長到 40 英尺高。但在農場，它們被修剪到大約15英尺的高度。

Cacao trees require a mean temperature of about 80 degrees. They just cannot stand a cold or even cool climate. Another requirement is that they cannot stand direct sunlight.They are sensitive when young. They grow best in the shade of other trees.For example, they seem to like such trees as mango, rubber, banana,or breadfruit.
可哥樹的平均溫度約為80度。他們就是無法忍受寒冷甚至涼爽的氣候。另一個要求是它們不能承受陽光直射。他們年輕時很敏感。它們在其他樹木的樹蔭下生長得最好。例如，他們似乎喜歡芒果、橡膠、香蕉或麵包果等樹。

The cacao seed grows in a pod that looks like a long cucumber. It can be 14inches long. Pods do not hang on stems. They pop directly out of a bare trunk or cling to the bare branches.
可哥種子生長在看起來像長黃瓜的豆莢中。它可以是 14英寸長。豆莢不掛在莖上。它們直接從光禿禿的樹榦中彈出或依附在光禿禿的樹枝上。

When the pods are ripe they are cutopen. Each pod contains 25 to 50 seeds or beans. On the average, they are about an inch wide. The seeds are then taken out and fermented. When cured, no pulp clings to the seed. The yield, on the average,is one to two pounds of seed per tree per year. So you need many trees to satisfy the market. Most of the world's cacao comes from small family farms. The biggest pro-ducers are Ghana in West Africa and Brazil in South America.
當豆莢成熟時，它們被切開。每個豆莢包含25到50顆種子或豆子。平均而言，它們大約有一英寸寬。然後將種子取出並發酵。固化后，沒有果肉粘附在種子上。平均而言，每棵樹每年的產量為 1 到 2 磅種子。所以你需要很多樹來滿足市場。世界上大部分可哥來自小型家庭農場。最大的產國是西非的迦納和南美洲的巴西。

Main Idea 1
主要思想 1

Mark the main idea M 15
標記主要思想 M 15

Mark the statement that is too broad 5
標記過於寬泛的陳述 5

Mark the statement that is too narrow 5
標記太窄的語句 5

a. The cacao seed grows in a long pod.
一個。可哥種子長在一個長長的豆莢中。

b. Cacao seeds and trees have distinct characteristics.
b. 可哥種子和可哥樹具有鮮明的特性。

c. Cacao trees produce cacao seeds.
c. 可哥樹產生可哥種子。

Subject Matter 2 This passage deals mainly with
主題 2 本文主要涉及

a.where cacao trees are grown.
a.可哥樹生長的地方。

☑b.cacao seeds and cacao trees.
☑b.可哥種子和可哥樹。

c. cacao trees.
c. 可哥樹。

d.products made from cacao seeds.
d.由可哥種子製成的產品。

Supporting 3The cacao tree was first discovered in
支援 3可哥樹最早被發現於

Details a.Ghana.
詳情 a.迦納。

☑ b.southern Mexico.
☑ b.墨西哥南部。

c. Brazil.
c. 巴西。

d.the southern United States.
d.美國南部。

Conclusion 4It is possible to conclude that the cacao tree
結論 4可以得出結論，可哥樹

☑a. makes more pods if it is in the shade.
☑ 一個。如果在陰涼處，則會產生更多的豆莢。

b.is more popular in Mexico than anywhere else.
b.is 在墨西哥比其他任何地方都受歡迎。

c. grows under another tree because it likes company.
c. 生長在另一棵樹下，因為它喜歡陪伴。

d.is a fairly fussy plant.
d.is 一種相當挑剔的植物。

Clarifying 5When referring to the "mean" temperature, the
澄清 5當提到「平均」溫度時，

Devices author is referring to the
設備作者指的是

a.temperature that trees are forced to grow in.
A.樹木被迫生長的溫度。

b.temperature colder than the trees would like.
b.溫度比樹木希望的要低。

c.exact temperature necessary for cacao trees to live.
c.可哥樹生長所需的精確溫度。

d.average temperature suitable for cacao trees to grow.
d.適合可哥樹生長的平均溫度。

Vocabulary 6As used in this passage, accurate means
詞彙6如本文中使用的，準確是指

in Context a.incorrect.
在上下文中 a.incorrect。

b.correct.
b.正確。

c.old.

d.about the same.
d.差不多。

Add your scores for questions 1-6. Enter the total here Total and on the graph on page 214. Score
將問題 1-6 的分數相加。在此處輸入總計，並在第 214 頁的圖表中輸入總數。得分

Fog at sea is dangerous. But icebergs at sea are terrifying. Just the mention of icebergs and we immediately think Titanic. Even though that ship struck a large berg,we know icebergs can be even larger. One of the largest ever seen was in the Antarctic region. It was 60 miles wide. It was over 200 miles long. Let us compare it to one of our states. It was twice as big as the state of Connecticut. An even more important measure of size is the depth of an iceberg. For example, the Antarctic berg towered about 400 feet above the surface of the ocean. But this was only about an eighth to a tenth of its total mass. Most of the berg-3,600 feet in this case-was under water.
海上的霧很危險。但海上的冰山是可怕的。只要提到冰山，我們就會立即想到泰坦尼克號。 即使那艘船撞上了一座大山，但我們知道冰山可以更大。有史以來最大的一次是在南極地區。它有 60 英里寬。它有 200 多英里長。讓我們將其與我們的一個州進行比較。它的面積是康涅狄格州的兩倍。衡量規模的一個更重要的指標是冰山的深度。例如，南極山高出海洋表面約 400 英尺。但這只是其總品質的八分之一到十分之一左右。這座山的大部分——在本例中為 3,600 英尺——都在水下。

How are icebergs formed? The iceberg first of all was part of a glacier or ice cap on land. The thickest ice cap of all is the Antarctic ice cap. It is 1,000 feet thick near the coast and 6,000 feet thick in the middle. The 6,000 foot portion is heavy beyond imagination. This weight in the middle puts pressure on the whole ice cap.The pressure pushes out the ice at the ends. The ends are pushed into the sea.When these ends break off, they become floating icebergs.
冰山是如何形成的？冰山首先是陸地上冰川或冰蓋的一部分。最厚的冰蓋是南極冰蓋。它在海岸附近有 1,000 英尺厚，中間有 6,000 英尺厚。6,000 英尺的部分重得超乎想像。中間的重量對整個冰蓋施加了壓力。壓力將兩端的冰推出。末端被推入海中。當這些末端斷裂時，它們就會變成漂浮的冰山。

Let's shift to the North Atlantic. The bergs here break off the ice cap covering Greenland. The danger is that some of these bergs float into the routes of transat-lantic liners. April, May, and June are the worst months. During these months,ships take a more southerly route.
讓我們轉向北大西洋。這裡的山峰打破了覆蓋格陵蘭島的冰蓋。危險在於，其中一些山峰會漂浮到 transat-lantic 班輪的航線上。4 月、5 月和 6 月是最糟糕的月份。在這幾個月里，船隻走更南的路線。

Ships traveling at night are in special danger. After the Titanic, an ice patrol was formed to protect all ships. Ice patrols use planes and ships to locate icebergs. The patrol reports the position of all icebergs. It also charts the bergs' probable courses.No one wants another Titanic!
夜間航行的船隻處於特別危險的境地。泰坦尼克號之後，成立了一支冰上巡邏隊來保護所有船隻。冰雪巡邏隊使用飛機和船隻來定位冰山。巡邏隊報告所有冰山的位置。它還描繪了山峰的可能路線。沒有人想要另一個鐵達尼克號！

Main Idea 1
主要思想 1

Answer Score
答案分數

Mark the main idea
標記主要思想

Mark the statement that is too broad
標記過於寬泛的陳述

Mark the statement that is too narrow
標記 太窄的狀態 nt

a. Icebergs are formed from ice caps and glaciers.
a. 冰山是由冰蓋和冰川形成的。

b. There are many dangers for ships in ice-filled waters.
灣。船舶在冰雪覆蓋的水域中面臨許多危險。

c. Icebergs' size and weight make them dangerous for ships.
c. 冰山的大小和重量使它們對船隻構成危險。

Score 15 points for each correct answer. Score
每個正確答案得 15 分。得分

Subject Matter2 This passage is mainly about
主題2 這段話主要是關於

a.the Titanic.
a.泰坦尼克號。

b.icebergs from Antarctica.
b.來自南極洲的冰山。

c. dangers from icebergs.
c. 冰山的危險。

d.what ice caps are.
d.什麼是冰蓋。

Supporting 3One of the largest known icebergs came from
支援 3已知最大的冰山之一來自此

Details a.Greenland.
詳情 a.格陵蘭島。

□b.the Arctic Circle.
□b.北極圈。

c. Antarctica.
c. 南極洲。

d.Iceland.
d.冰島。

Conclusion 4If a ship were to travel from New York to England in April, it would probably
結論 4如果一艘船在 4 月從紐約開往英國，那可能會

a. use the northerly route.
A. 使用北線。

b.use the southerly route.
b.使用南線。

c. travel only in daytime.
c. 僅在白天出行。

□d.consider postponing until May.
□考慮推遲到 5 月。

Clarifying 5To describe the length of the largest iceberg the author uses
澄清 5描述作者使用的最大冰山的長度

Devices
設備

a.true accounts.
a.true 帳戶。

b.humor.
b.幽默。

c. a story.
c. 一個故事。

d.a comparison.
D.A 比較。

Vocabulary 6In this passage, the word towered is closest in meaning to
詞彙 6在這段經文中，towered 這個詞的含義最接近

in Context
in Context （上下文）

a.reached.
a.到達。

b.extended in height.
b.高度加長。

c. extended in width.
c. 寬度延長。

d.bent.
d.彎曲。

Add your scores for questions 1-6. Enter the total here Total and on the graph on page 214. Score
將問題 1-6 的分數相加。在此處輸入總計，並在第 214 頁的圖表中輸入總數。得分

Pearl Harbor. It was December 7, 1941.Japanese bombers destroyed or damaged 19American ships. The loss was a nightmare. Nothing could be worse. But a greater loss came right after that. What happened was that there was no rubber.
珍珠港。那是 1941 年 12 月 7 日，日本轟炸機摧毀或損壞了 19 艘美國船隻。損失是一場噩夢。沒有比這更糟糕的了。但更大的損失就在那之後發生了。發生的事情是沒有橡膠。

The Japanese had captured almost all the rubber-growing lands. These were lands in the Far East. Nine-tenths of the world's supply of natural rubber was no longer available.
日本人幾乎佔領了所有的橡膠種植地。這些是遠東的土地。世界上十分之九的天然橡膠供應不再可用。

Without rubber, war production would stop. There was no doubt about it.Everything needed rubber. Trucks, jeeps, and planes needed tires. Artillery could not move. Shipbuilding would cease. The Army and Navy could not move. Rubber was a must. To emphasize: this was a greater crisis than Pearl Harbor.
沒有橡膠，戰爭生產就會停止。這是毫無疑問的。一切都需要橡膠。卡車、吉普車和飛機都需要輪胎。大炮無法移動。造船業將停止。陸軍和海軍無法移動。橡膠是必須的。需要強調的是：這是一場比珍珠港更大的危機。

What did the United States do? Latex, the sap from a rubber tree, was needed.But goldenrod and dandelions also produce latex. Fields of both were planted. Some latex was produced, but only small amounts. Desperation set in. Much more was needed.And quickly.
美國做了什麼？乳膠，一種橡膠樹的汁液，是需要的。但一枝黃花和蒲公英也會產生乳膠。兩者都種了田。生產了一些乳膠，但數量很少。絕望開始了。還需要做更多的事情。而且很快。

There was only one sure answer, to produce synthetic rubber.Chemists worked around the clock. They were successful. A fine rubber was quickly produced from oil. Production of war materials never stopped. American soldiers could be supplied.
只有一個確定的答案，生產合成橡膠。化學家夜以繼日地工作。他們成功了。很快就從石油中生產出了一種細橡膠。戰爭物資的生產從未停止。美國士兵可以得到補給。

After the war, new plantations were planted. Some were in South America, some in West Africa.Botanists developed better trees. These produce six times mnore latex than wild trees. Even hormones and vitamins are used to increase yields. The U.S.does not want to be caught short.
戰後，種植了新的種植園。有些在南美洲，有些在西非。這些樹產生的乳膠是野生樹木的六倍。甚至使用激素和維生素來提高產量。美國不想被短打。

Main Idea 1

Answer Score
答案分數

Mark the main idea Mark the statement that is too broad
標記主要思想標記過於寬泛的陳述

Mark the statement that is too narrow
標記語句 that 太窄

a. The loss of rubber was greater than the loss of ships in Pearl Harbor.
一個。橡膠的損失大於珍珠港的船隻損失。

b.Wartime shortages can cause great hardships.
b.戰時短缺會造成巨大的困難。

c. After Pearl Harbor,the U.S. searched desperately for new sources for rubber.
c.珍珠港事件後，美國拚命尋找新的橡膠來源。

Subject Matter 2 The passage centers on
主題 2 段落以

a.finding an alternative rubber supply.
A.尋找替代橡膠供應。

b.making rubber.
b.製造橡膠。

c. military problems after Pearl Harbor.
c. 珍珠港事件後的軍事問題。

d.production of rubber in the U.S.
d.在美國生產橡膠

Supporting 3Rubber was needed for
需要支援 3Rubber

Details a.children's toys.
詳情 a.兒童玩具。

b.truck tires.
b.卡車輪胎。

c. tires for people's cars.
c. 人們的汽車輪胎。

d.soldiers'uniforms.
d.士兵制服。

Conclusion 4 From the last sentence you can guess that the U.S.
結論 4 從最後一句話中可以猜到，美國

a. will not go to war again.
A. 不會再參戰。

b.buys up large rubber plantations during wars.
b.在戰爭期間購買大型橡膠種植園。

c. will have a method for supplying rubber in the future.
c. 將來會有供應橡膠的方法。

d.has increased its production of rubber.
d.增加了橡膠產量。

Clarifying 5Pearl Harbor is described in the first paragraph to
澄清 5珍珠港事件在第一段中描述為

Devices a. expain the hardships of war.
設備 a. 解釋戰爭的艱辛。

b.show what a beautiful,peaceful place it had been.
b.展示它曾經是多麼美麗、寧靜的地方。

□c. give the reader a historical time frame.
□給讀者一個歷史時間框架。

d.remind the reader how terrible and destructive war can be.
d. 提醒讀者戰爭是多麼可怕和具有破壞性。

Vocabulary 6 If something is synthetic it is
詞彙 6 如果某物是合成的，那是

in Context a.made of rubber.
在上下文中 a.由橡膠製成。

b.created from plants.
b.由植物創建。

c.man-made.
c.人造的。

d.natural.
d.自然。

Add your scores for questions 1-6. Enter the total here Total
將問題 1-6 的分數相加。在此處輸入總計總計

and on the graph on page 214. Score
和第 214 頁的圖表上。得分

93 Gold and a Stagecoach Hero
93 金幣和驛站馬車英雄

Somehow the word gold, even in a hushed whisper, does strange things to people.What do people do? They rush, almost in a panic, to the newly discovered fields.For example, over 10,000 rushed to Alaska to pan the Klondike gold.
不知何故，黃金這個詞，即使是在低聲的耳語中，也會對人們產生奇怪的影響。人們是做什麼的？他們幾乎是驚慌失措地沖向新發現的田野。例如，超過 10,000 人湧向阿拉斯加淘金。

But one of the biggest rushes was to California in the 1840s. The “forty-niners"poured in from all parts of the world to pan the rich deposits. The miners brought thousands of ounces of gold into the banks. This was a good business for the banks,but it also presented a problem. The gold had to be moved eastward to stronger banks. The only transportation was the stagecoach.
但最大的高峰之一是 1840 年代的加利福尼亞。“四十九人”從世界各地湧入，以搜尋豐富的礦床。礦工們將數千盎司的黃金帶入銀行。這對銀行來說是一筆好生意，但也帶來了一個問題。黃金必須向東運到更堅固的河岸。唯一的交通工具是驛馬車。

Bandits, of course, would watch for shipments of gold. Watching paid off. A man named Sam Bass, for instance, stole $50,000 in gold. A fortune in those early days!
土匪當然會監視黃金的運輸。觀察是有回報的。例如，一個名叫 Sam Bass 的人偷了 50,000 美元的黃金。在那些早期的日子裡，真是一筆財富！

The favorite target of bandits was the stagecoach.The bandits would pick a deserted spot. In such a spot some bandits waylaid Charley Parkhurst's stagecoach.Parkhurst was a stagecoach driver widely known for driving skill. The first time he was stopped and threatened,he gave up the gold. But he said, "I wasn't expecting this, but the next time, I'll be ready for you."
土匪最喜歡的目標是驛馬車。土匪會選擇一個荒涼的地方。在這樣的地方，一些土匪攔下了查理·派克赫斯特 （Charley Parkhurst） 的驛馬車。Parkhurst 是一位以駕駛技術而聞名的驛馬車司機。第一次被攔下和威脅時，他放棄了金牌。但他表示，“我沒想到會這樣，但下次，我會為你做好準備。

The next time came soon. And, as promised, Charley was ready.He shot the leader of the ill-starred gang. Then he whipped his horses rightthrough the gang.They scattered like rabbits.
下一次很快就來了。而且，正如承諾的那樣，Charley 已經準備好了。他射殺了那個不法分子的團夥的頭目。然後他用鞭子抽打著馬，直接穿過了這幫人。他們像兔子一樣四散開來。

What made Charley's feat all the more remarkable was revealed at his death in 1879.The doctor's death certificate showed that Charley, old rough-and-tumble Charley,was actually Charlotte Parkhurst.
使查理的壯舉更加引人注目的是在他 1879 年去世時被揭示的。醫生的死亡證明顯示，查理，那個粗獷的老查理，實際上是夏洛特·派克赫斯特。

Main Idea 1Answer Score
主要思想 1答案分數

Mark the main idea
標記主要思想

Mark the statement that is too broad C
標記太寬泛的語句 C

Mark the statement that is too narrow
標記太窄的語句

a. Charley Parkhurst's stagecoach was held up.
a. 查理·派克赫斯特 （Charley Parkhurst） 的驛馬車被攔住了。

b. Gold rushes presented problems.
b.淘金熱帶來了問題。

c. Gold bandits targeted stagecoaches but were outsmarted by Charley Parkhurst.
c. 金匪以驛馬車為目標，但被查理·派克赫斯特智取。

Subject Matter 2 The main subject of this passage is
主題 2 本文的主題是

a. the dangers of the stagecoach.
A. 驛馬車的危險。

b.the life of Charley Parkhurst.
b.查理·派克赫斯特的生平。

c. the death of Charley Parkhurst.
c. 查理·派克赫斯特 （Charley Parkhurst） 之死。

d.transporting gold.
d.運輸黃金。

Supporting 3The bandits were looking for
支援 3 土匪正在尋找

Details a.stagecoaches.
詳細資訊 a.stagecoaches。

b.gold rushes.
b.淘金熱。

c.bank officials.
c.銀行官員。

□d.shipments of gold.
□d.黃金的運輸。

Conclusion 4The passage suggests that a stagecoach driver was assumed to be
結論 4這段話表明，假設驛站馬車司機是

a.a man.
a.一個男人。

b.frightened of bandits.
b.害怕土匪。

□c. sympathetic to bandits.
□同情土匪。

d.young and good looking.
d.年輕英俊。

Clarifying 5The adjective “ill-starred" describes the gang's
澄清 5 形容詞「病態」描述了該團夥的

Devices a.intentions.
設備 a.意圖。

b.reputation.
b.聲譽。

c.luck.
c.luck 的

d.skill.
d.技能。

Vocabulary 6 As used in this passage, waylaid most closely means
詞彙6 在這段經文中，waylaid 最接近的意思是

in Context a. attacked and captured.
在上下文中 a. 被攻擊和捕獲。

b.chased and destroyed.
b.被追趕和摧毀。

c. attacked from a hiding place and robbed.
c. 從藏身處襲擊並被搶劫。

□d.forced to turn around and go back.
□被迫掉頭回去。

Add your scores for questions 1-6. Enter the total here Total and on the graph on page 214. Score
將問題 1-6 的分數相加。在此處輸入總計，並在第 214 頁的圖表中輸入總數。得分

94 Diners
94 位用餐者

Do you know what a diner is? These days it is a restaurant with booths and a long counter. Diners have a long history in America. But they used to look quite different.
你知道什麼是食客嗎？如今，這是一家有攤位和長櫃檯的餐廳。食客在美國有著悠久的歷史。但他們過去看起來完全不同。

The first diners appeared in 1872. This was in Rhode Island. A Mr. Walter Scott had the frst horsedrawn diner. He sat on a box in the back of a covered wagon.Inside the wagon were chicken sandwiches. Scott would drive up to a factory. He would sell night workers sandwiches. He passed them through a hole in the covered wagon.
第一批食客出現在 1872 年。那是在羅德島。A 沃爾特·斯科特先生 （Mr. Walter Scott） 開了第一家馬車餐廳。他坐在一輛有蓋馬車後座的一個箱子上。馬車裡有雞肉三明治。斯科特會開車去一家工廠。他會賣夜班工人的三明治。他把他們穿過了有蓋馬車上的一個洞。

The first stationary diner appeared 15 years later. It was a walk-in place in Massachusetts, with stools and a kitchen. Sandwiches, deserts, coffee, and milk were available.
15 年後，第一家固定餐廳出現。這是麻塞諸塞州的一個步入式場所，有凳子和廚房。三明治、甜點、咖啡和牛奶一應俱全。

Diners began to look very interesting in the 1900s. Most of the horsedrawn ones were now standing along the sides of roads. But they kept their wagon shapes.Then unused trolley cars began to be converted to diners. The long, thin shape of these cars was perfect for a counter and some stools. As trains became very stream-lined, many diners began to look like fancy train cars. They took on a sleek,smooth, silver appearance. Their insides were made of stainless steel and Formica.By the end of the 1930s, they usually had flashing neon signs outside. Perhaps you have seen diners like these in old movies.
食客在 1900 年代開始看起來非常有趣。大多數馬拉的現在都站在路邊。但他們保持了他們的馬車形狀。然後，未使用的無軌電車開始被改造成小餐館。這些汽車的細長形狀非常適合用作櫃檯和一些凳子。隨著火車變得非常流線型，許多食客開始看起來像高檔火車車廂。它們呈現出光滑、光滑、銀色的外觀。它們的內部由不鏽鋼和 Formica 製成。到 1930 年代末，他們通常在外面有閃爍的霓虹燈招牌。也許你在老電影中見過這樣的食客。

For a while, it seemed that the classic diner was making a comeback. Many old ones were restored. Fancy ones were built new in a few big cities. The food in a diner is never extraordinary. Usually it is hamburgers or meat loaf. But people love these places for their atmosphere.
有一段時間，這家經典餐廳似乎正在捲土重來。許多舊的被修復。花哨的是在幾個大城市建造的。餐廳的食物從來都不是特別的。通常是漢堡包或肉餅。但人們喜歡這些地方，因為它們的氛圍。

Main Idea 1
主要思想 1

Answer Score
答案分數

Mark the main idea
標記主要思想

Mark the statement that is too broad
標記過於寬泛的陳述

Mark the statement that is too narrow
標記太窄的語句

a. Most restaurants change over time.
一個。大多數餐廳會隨著時間的推移而變化。

b. Some diners were restored trolley cars.
b.一些食客是經過修復的無軌電車。

c. Diners gradually changed from
c. 食客逐漸從

simple to rather classyeating places.
簡單到相當優雅的用餐場所。

Score 15 points for each correct answer. Score
每個正確答案得 15 分。得分

Subject Matter 2Another good title for this passage would be
主題 2這段話的另一個好標題是

a.Building a Diner.
a.建造餐廳。

b.Dining in Style.
b.時尚用餐。

c.The Horsedrawn Diner.
c.馬車餐廳。

d.Dining on Hamburgers and Meat Loaf.
d.享用漢堡包和肉餅。

Supporting 3The first diner appearedin
支援 3 第一家食客出現在

Details a. the 1930s.
細節 a. 1930 年代。

b.1900.
生於 1900 年。

c.1887.
約1887年。

□d.1872.
□卒於 1872 年。

Conclusion 4In the 1930s, the best diners looked rather
結論 4在 1930 年代，最好的食客看起來相當

a.large.
a.large 的。

b.square-shaped.
b.方形。

c. brightly colored.
c. 顏色鮮豔。

d.stylish.
d.時尚。

Clarifying 5The author presents the discussion of dines in
澄清 5作者在

Devices a.spatial order.
設備 a.空間順序。

b.order of importance.
b.重要性順序。

c. order of difficulty.
c. 難度順序。

d.chronological order.
d.時間順序。

Vocabulary 6In this passage stationary means
詞彙 6在這段經文中，靜止的意思是

in Context a. not moving.
在 Context a. 不動。

b.something to write on.
b.要寫的東西。

c. made of bricks.
c. 由磚塊製成。

d.made of paper.
d.由紙製成。

Add your scores for questions 1-6. Enter the total here Total and on the graph on page 214. Score
將問題 1-6 的分數相加。在此處輸入總計，並在第 214 頁的圖表中輸入總數。得分

95 Remarkable Lakes
95 個非凡的湖泊

North America has some pretty unique lakes. For example, five of the world's largest lakes are here. They are the Great Lakes. Put them together. They form the world's biggest body of fresh water.
北美有一些非常獨特的湖泊。例如，世界上最大的五個湖泊都在這裡。他們是五大湖。把它們放在一起。它們構成了世界上最大的淡水體。

Superior is the largest Great Lake. It is also the biggest freshwater lake in the world.Superior's area is almost 32,000 square miles. At its deepest point this huge lake is over 1,300 feet deep. Superior is on the border between Northern Michigan and Ontario. Its water never gets very warm. This is because it is so far north.Even in summer, it may be only 45 to 50 degrees.
蘇必利爾湖是最大的五大湖。它也是世界上最大的淡水湖。蘇必利爾的面積近 32,000 平方英里。這個巨大的湖泊最深處超過1,300英尺。蘇必利爾位於密歇根北部和安大略省的邊界。這裡的水從來不會很熱。這是因為它太北了。即使在夏天，也可能只有 45 到 50 度。

The next Great Lake is Huron. It is about 200 miles long. It covers about 23,000 square miles. Like Superior, it straddles the United States-Canadian border.Also like Superior, few cities of any size dot its banks.
下一個五大湖是休倫湖。它大約有 200 英里長。它佔地約23,000平方英里。與 Superior 一樣，it 跨越美國和加拿大的邊界。同樣像蘇必利爾一樣，很少有任何規模的城市點綴其河岸。

Lake Huron is directly connected to Lake Michigan. This is the third Great Lake. It is the only one completely inside the United States. It is farther south than the other two. So its waters warm up a bit in the summer. For example, near its southern tip it may reach over 70 degrees. Chicago and Milwaukee are two big cities on Lake Michigan.
休倫湖與密歇根湖直接相連。這是第三個五大湖。它是唯一一個完全在美國境內的。它比其他兩個更南。所以它的海水在夏天會變暖一些。例如，在其南端附近，它可能達到70度以上。芝加哥和密爾沃基是密歇根湖上的兩個大城市。

The final Great Lakes are Ontario and Erie. These lakes are quite a bit smaller than the others. Lake Erie borders on three states and Ontario. Lake Ontario bor-ders on only one state. These two lakes lie close to each other. They have many cities built along them. These include Cleveland, Buffalo, and Toronto. One differ-ence between them is this. Lake Erie is very shallow. But parts of Lake Ontario are very deep. At one point this lake is 800 feet deep.
最後的五大湖是安大略省和伊利省。這些湖泊比其他湖泊小很多。伊利湖與三個州和安大略省接壤。安大略湖僅在一個州上無人問津。這兩個湖彼此靠近。他們沿途建造了許多城市。這些地區包括克利夫蘭、布法羅和多倫多。他們之間的一個區別是這個。伊利湖很淺。但安大略湖的部分地區非常深。這個湖一度有 800 英尺深。

Main Idea 1
主要思想 1

Answer Score
答案分數

Mark the main idea
標記主要思想

Mark the statement that is too narrow
標記