Here's a simplified version of the inventory content from your file, including the calculation formulas and explanation:
以下是您文件中的库存内容的简化版本，包括计算公式和说明：

### **Inventory Management Simplified**
### **库存管理简化**

Inventory management is essential for balancing product availability with costs, ensuring the right products are available when needed without overstocking.
库存管理对于平衡产品可用性和成本至关重要，确保在需要时提供正确的产品，而不会出现库存过剩。

#### **Major Types of Inventory Costs**
#### **库存成本的主要类型**

1. **Carrying Cost**: Costs related to holding inventory, including capital, storage, insurance, and risk costs.
1. **持有成本**：与持有库存相关的成本，包括资本、仓储、保险和风险成本。

2. **Ordering Cost**: Expenses incurred to place orders, excluding the product cost itself.
2. **订购成本**：下订单所产生的费用，不包括产品成本本身。

3. **Setup Cost**: Costs of adjusting production processes when switching between products.
3. **设置成本**：产品切换时调整生产流程的成本。

4. **Stockout Cost**: The cost of not having enough inventory to meet demand, such as lost sales or customer dissatisfaction.
4. **缺货成本**：没有足够库存来满足需求的成本，例如销售损失或客户不满意。

5. **In-Transit Cost**: Costs for inventory during transport, generally lower than warehouse storage.
5. **运输途中成本**：运输过程中的库存成本，一般低于仓库存储成本。

#### **Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)**
#### **经济订单数量 (EOQ)**

EOQ is used to find the optimal order quantity that minimizes total inventory costs, balancing ordering and carrying costs.
EOQ 用于找到最小化总库存成本的最佳订购数量，平衡订购和运输成本。

### **Inventory Management Approaches**
### **库存管理方法**

1. **Just-in-Time (JIT)**: Minimizes inventory by producing only what’s needed, reducing waste and improving efficiency.
1. **准时生产 (JIT)**：通过只生产所需的产品来最大限度地减少库存，减少浪费并提高效率。

2. **Material Requirements Planning (MRP)**: Coordinates inventory needs based on production schedules, ensuring materials are available when needed.
2. **物料需求计划 (MRP)**：根据生产计划协调库存需求，确保物料在需要时可用。

3. **Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI)**: Suppliers manage inventory levels, ensuring stock is replenished based on real-time data from the customer.
3. **供应商管理库存 (VMI)**：供应商管理库存水平，确保根据客户的实时数据补充库存。

By using these models, companies can optimize their inventory processes, reduce costs, and improve service levels.
通过使用这些模型，公司可以优化库存流程、降低成本并提高服务水平。