Viewing borderline personality disorder (BPD) as a form of neurodivergence may help you embrace your natural strengths and find new ways to approach your diagnosis.
将边缘性人格障碍 (BPD) 视为神经分歧的一种形式可能会帮助您拥抱自己的自然优势，并找到新的方法来进行诊断。
The term “neurodivergent” was coined in the
“神经分歧”一词是由社会学家 Judy Singer 在 20 世纪 90 年代创造的。这个术语有助于表达神经分歧者与“神经典型”大多数人相比是独一无二的，拥有自己的优势和能力。换句话说，他们没有什么“问题”。
As an autistic person herself, Singer hoped to change the way people thought about neurodevelopmental conditions like autism.
作为一名自闭症患者，辛格希望改变人们对自闭症等神经发育疾病的看法。
Over time, the concept of neurodiversity
随着时间的推移，神经多样性的概念已经发展到包括那些可能因神经系统差异而独特地体验世界的人——包括那些患有某些心理健康问题的人，例如注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）。
Some have also suggested that borderline personality disorder (BPD) may also fall under the umbrella of neurodiversity. BPD is a mental health condition marked by abrupt shifts in mood, difficulty regulating emotions, dissociation, intense fears of abandonment, or a distorted and changeable sense of self.
一些人还认为边缘性人格障碍（BPD）也可能属于神经多样性的范畴。 BPD 是一种心理健康状况，其特征是情绪突然变化、情绪调节困难、分裂、对被遗弃的强烈恐惧或自我意识扭曲和多变。
Currently, experts don’t formally recognize BPD as a neurodivergent condition, but that could change in the future.
目前，专家们尚未正式承认 BPD 是一种神经分歧性疾病，但这种情况在未来可能会改变。
Research continues to delve into the neurological underpinnings in BPD.
研究仍在继续深入探讨 BPD 的神经学基础。
“BPD is not yet officially classified as a neurodivergent condition, according to published research, but evidence suggests it should be considered a neurodivergent disorder,” says Jeanette Lorandini, a licensed clinical social worker in New York City and director of Suffolk DBT.
“根据已发表的研究，BPD 尚未被正式归类为神经发散性疾病，但有证据表明它应该被视为一种神经发散性疾病，”纽约市持照临床社会工作者兼萨福克 DBT 主任珍妮特·洛兰迪尼 (Jeanette Lorandini) 说。
For instance, one 2022 review explored the high prevalence of overlapping symptoms, such as impulsivity and difficulties with emotions, in BPD and ADHD. ADHD is a recognized neurodivergent condition. Review authors found both conditions involved changes in the same two regions of the brain.
例如，2022 年的一篇评论探讨了 BPD 和 ADHD 中重叠症状的高患病率，例如冲动和情绪困难。 ADHD 是一种公认的神经发散性疾病。综述作者发现这两种情况都涉及大脑相同两个区域的变化。
Neurodiversity in BPD may not be limited to neurological function, either. In a 2019 review, experts found that people with BPD may experience changes in brain structure as well as brain function.
BPD 的神经多样性也可能不仅限于神经功能。在 2019 年的一项回顾中，专家发现患有 BPD 的人可能会经历大脑结构和大脑功能的变化。
People with BPD may have underlying neurological differences compared with those who don’t have the condition. These differences could factor into their experiences of intense emotions and difficulty with regulating emotions, Lorandini explains.
与未患有边缘性人格障碍的人相比，患有边缘性人格障碍的人可能存在潜在的神经系统差异。洛兰迪尼解释说，这些差异可能会影响他们经历强烈的情绪和难以调节情绪。
Those differences in brain structure and function may also play a part in certain traits and behaviors common with both BPD and recognized neurodivergent conditions.
大脑结构和功能的这些差异也可能在 BPD 和公认的神经分歧病症中常见的某些特征和行为中发挥作用。
Examples include: 示例包括：
Self-stimulation (stimming)
自我刺激（刺激）
Stimming refers to repetitive, self-soothing actions, such as:
刺激是指重复的、自我安慰的行为，例如：
- tapping your fingertips together
并拢指尖 - pen clicking 笔点击
- humming or making other sounds
嗡嗡声或发出其他声音 - rocking 摇摆
- rubbing a patch of your skin or clothes
摩擦你的一块皮肤或衣服
While people often associate stimming with autism and other neurodevelopmental diagnoses, anyone can express stimming behaviors.
虽然人们经常将刺激与自闭症和其他神经发育诊断联系起来，但任何人都可以表达刺激行为。
If you live with BPD and catch yourself performing small repetitive actions when stressed or deep in concentration — such as biting your nails, twirling your hair, or tapping your pencil on the side of your leg — these may serve as your form of self-stimulation.
如果您患有边缘性人格障碍，并且发现自己在压力大或注意力高度集中时会做出一些小的重复动作，例如咬指甲、捻头发或用铅笔敲打腿侧，这些可能是您自我刺激的形式。
Stimming isn’t a bad thing. It offers a way to cope with stress or discomfort and can provide sensory relief when you need it most.
刺激并不是坏事。它提供了一种应对压力或不适的方法，并可以在您最需要的时候提供感官缓解。
All the same, recognizing stimming patterns can help you identify times when you might benefit from other forms of stress relief.
尽管如此，识别刺激模式可以帮助您确定何时可以从其他形式的压力缓解中受益。
If you catch yourself rocking back and forth in an uncomfortable social setting, for example, you might find it calming to step outside for a few moments.
例如，如果您发现自己在不舒服的社交环境中来回摇晃，您可能会发现走出去片刻会感到平静。
Sensory overload 感官超载
Many autistic people and people with other neurodivergent conditions experience some level of sensory overload on occasion.
许多自闭症患者和患有其他神经分歧疾病的人有时会经历一定程度的感觉超负荷。
Lorandini says you might also notice a heightened sensitivity to environmental factors, such as sounds
洛兰迪尼说，你可能还会注意到对环境因素（例如声音）的敏感性提高
or smells, if you have BPD, and find it difficult to cope with these stimuli.
如果您患有边缘型人格障碍 (BPD)，并且发现很难应对这些刺激，那么您可能会感到刺激或气味。
Managing sensory overload can feel challenging, especially if you already feel stressed and on edge. But keep in mind that it’s always OK to take some space if the world suddenly feels like too much to handle.
管理感官超负荷可能会让人感觉充满挑战，尤其是当您已经感到压力和紧张时。但请记住，如果世界突然变得难以应付，那么腾出一些空间总是可以的。
You can use those moments to better understand your sensory threshold, which can make it easier to take a break before you feel overwhelmed in the future.
您可以利用这些时刻来更好地了解您的感觉阈值，这可以让您在未来感到不知所措之前更容易休息一下。
Systemizing 系统化
Systemizing describes a need to organize the world around you into an analytical or practical system.
系统化描述了将你周围的世界组织成一个分析或实用系统的需要。
Everyday examples of systemizing might include:
系统化的日常例子可能包括：
- following a rigid schedule and having a hard time when plans change
遵循严格的时间表，并且当计划改变时会遇到困难 - devoting your time to a few very specific interests
将你的时间投入到一些非常具体的兴趣上 - needing to keep your belongings in exactly the same place
需要将您的物品放在完全相同的地方 - wearing a specific piece of clothing on a certain day of the week
在一周中的某一天穿着一件特定的衣服
Authors of a
2017 年一项研究的作者考虑了 BPD 和自闭症之间的重叠，发现患有这两种疾病的人都更倾向于系统化。
The researchers noted that systemizing could simply be an aspect of BPD. They also posed the idea that systemizing traits may develop as a way to balance out, or make up for, difficult-to-manage emotions.
研究人员指出，系统化可能只是 BPD 的一个方面。他们还提出了这样的观点：系统化的特征可能会发展为平衡或弥补难以管理的情绪的一种方式。
In short, when you find it difficult to predict or control your mood and emotions, you may find it reassuring to know you have a sense of control over your daily routine and other aspects of your life.
简而言之，当您发现难以预测或控制自己的情绪和情绪时，如果知道自己对日常生活和生活的其他方面有控制感，您可能会感到安心。
Plus, sticking to a fixed system or schedule may do more than comfort you. It might also work to your advantage at school or your job.
另外，坚持固定的系统或时间表可能不仅仅能让你感到舒适。它也可能对你在学校或工作中有利。
Emotional dysregulation 情绪失调
A number of neurodevelopmental conditions, including autism and ADHD, involve difficulty regulating emotions — a hallmark feature of BPD.
许多神经发育疾病，包括自闭症和多动症，都涉及情绪调节困难，这是边缘性人格障碍的一个标志性特征。
Emotional dysregulation can mean you’re more likely to experience outbursts, impulsivity, and abrupt mood shifts. It can also play a part in self-harm.
情绪失调可能意味着你更容易爆发、冲动和情绪突然转变。它还可能导致自残。
When you experience a rush of emotions, though, you can take the opportunity to transform them into personal growth with exercises like journaling and mindfulness.
不过，当您经历情绪激动时，您可以借此机会通过写日记和正念等练习将其转化为个人成长。
You can also try opposite action, or practicing behaviors that counter your emotions. For instance, you might take slow breaths and sit still to suggest a calm mindset when you really feel tense and keyed up.
您还可以尝试相反的行动，或练习对抗情绪的行为。例如，当您确实感到紧张和紧张时，您可以缓慢地呼吸并静静地坐着，以表明您保持冷静的心态。
Differences in executive function
执行功能的差异
Cognitive differences may also be a sign of neurodivergence in BPD, Lorandini says.
洛兰迪尼说，认知差异也可能是边缘性人格障碍患者神经分歧的一个迹象。
For example, many people with BPD also have trouble with working memory and processing speed, which can contribute to difficulty making decisions or regulating behavior, she says.
她说，例如，许多边缘性人格障碍患者的工作记忆和处理速度也存在问题，这可能会导致决策或行为调节困难。
People process information in different ways, and a little experimentation can help you find the method that works best for you. This might include using notes and other reminders to help you remember things.
人们以不同的方式处理信息，进行一些实验可以帮助您找到最适合您的方法。这可能包括使用笔记和其他提醒来帮助您记住事情。
You might also retain information more through hands-on learning or watching videos, compared with reading or having someone explain to you.
与阅读或让别人向您解释相比，您还可以通过实践学习或观看视频更多地记住信息。
Just know that thinking outside of the box doesn’t mean there’s anything “wrong” with your brain.
只要知道跳出框框思考并不意味着你的大脑有任何“问题”。
While many experts consider BPD a type of neurodiversity, others remain uncertain.
虽然许多专家认为边缘性人格障碍是一种神经多样性，但其他专家仍然不确定。
More research may help uncover how commonly these neurological features appear with BPD and offer more supporting evidence.
更多的研究可能有助于揭示这些神经系统特征在 BPD 中出现的常见程度，并提供更多的支持证据。
Experts have mapped and identified clear neurological differences for neurodevelopmental conditions like ADHD and autism. But they have yet to discover the same for BPD — or
专家们已经绘制并确定了多动症和自闭症等神经发育疾病的明显神经学差异。但他们还没有发现边缘性人格障碍的相同情况，或者就是否大脑变化导致边缘性人格障碍，或者边缘性人格障碍导致大脑变化得出任何结论。
What’s more,
更重要的是，专家们知道神经病学以外的因素，包括遗传和创伤性生活经历，也在 BPD 的发展中发挥着一定作用。
Approaching BPD as a type of neurodivergence can mark a helpful first step in shifting your perspective — and that of others — when receiving a diagnosis.
将边缘性人格障碍视为一种神经分歧，可以标志着在接受诊断时改变您和他人的观点的有用的第一步。
There’s a lot of stigma around BPD, and facing negative attitudes from others can sometimes trigger feelings of shame or a fear of judgment — both of which can make it harder to talk about your symptoms or seek support.
边缘性人格障碍存在很多耻辱，面对他人的消极态度有时会引发羞耻感或害怕被评判——这两种情况都会让你更难谈论自己的症状或寻求支持。
Yet viewing BPD through the lens of neurodiversity could help to reframe the public’s perception of people with BPD as well as provide a more compassionate and understanding approach to treatment, Lorandini points out.
然而，洛兰迪尼指出，从神经多样性的角度看待边缘性人格障碍可能有助于重塑公众对边缘性人格障碍患者的看法，并提供一种更具同情心和理解性的治疗方法。
There’s no cure for BPD, but support from a mental health professional can make a major difference in your quality of life, relationships, and day-to-day function.
边缘性人格障碍无法治愈，但心理健康专业人士的支持可以对您的生活质量、人际关系和日常功能产生重大影响。
If you have BPD, your therapist may recommend trying dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), a form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) specifically designed to help people with BPD.
如果您患有 BPD，您的治疗师可能会建议尝试辩证行为疗法 (DBT)，这是一种专门为帮助 BPD 患者而设计的认知行为疗法 (CBT)。
DBT focuses on helping you learn to tolerate distress and accept and regulate difficult emotions productively.
DBT 专注于帮助您学会忍受痛苦并有效地接受和调节困难情绪。
FYIMedication can’t treat BPD specifically.
药物不能专门治疗 BPD。
That said, if you experience severe anxiety or depression, your therapist may refer you to a psychiatrist who can prescribe medication to help manage these symptoms.
也就是说，如果您经历严重的焦虑或抑郁，您的治疗师可能会将您转介给精神科医生，他可以开药来帮助控制这些症状。
Check out your options for online therapy and psychiatry services.
查看您可以选择的在线治疗和精神病学服务。
BPD tends to involve ongoing challenges related to interpersonal relationships, emotional regulation, and your sense of self.
BPD 往往涉及与人际关系、情绪调节和自我意识相关的持续挑战。
While experts have yet to officially recognize BPD as a neurodivergent condition, a growing body of research suggests it may fit that definition.
虽然专家尚未正式承认边缘性人格障碍是一种神经分歧性疾病，但越来越多的研究表明它可能符合这一定义。
Reframing BPD as a form of neurodivergence — along with seeking professional support for any symptoms that affect your daily life and relationships — could be the key to finding new, positive ways to adapt to the condition.
将边缘性人格障碍重新定义为神经分歧的一种形式，并为影响日常生活和人际关系的任何症状寻求专业支持，可能是寻找新的、积极的方法来适应这种情况的关键。
