What are the 5 account classifications and there description? Ensure you include which financial statement each classification is located on.
什么是 5 个账户分类和描述？确保包括每个分类所在的财务报表。
1. Asset - Balance Sheet. These are resources owned and controlled by the company that have economic value and are expected to provide future benefits.
1.资产 - 资产负债表。 这些是公司拥有和控制的具有经济价值并有望提供未来利益的资源。
They are split into:-
他们分为：-
Current Assets (assets that can be converted into cash within 12 months) and,
流动资产（可在 12 个月内转换为现金的资产）以及
Non-Current Assets (assets that take longer than 12 months to convert to cash)
非流动资产（需要 12 个月以上才能转换为现金的资产）
2. Liability – Balance Sheet. These are obligations or debts that the company owes to external parties.
2.负债 – 资产负债表。 这些是公司欠外部各方的义务或债务。
They are split into:-
他们分为：-
Current Liability (an obligation that needs to be paid within one year) and,
流动负债（需要在一年内支付的义务）以及
Non-Current Liabilities (an obligation that needs to be paid after one year)
非流动负债（一年后需要支付的义务）
3. Owners’ Equity – Balance Sheet. Owners’ equity reflects the net assets of the business that belong to the owner.
3.所有者权益 – 资产负债表。 所有者权益反映了属于所有者的企业净资产。
a. Capital – This represents the initial investment made by the owner into the business, as well as any additional investments made over time
一种。资本 – 这代表所有者对企业进行的初始投资，以及随着时间的推移所做的任何额外投资
b. Drawings – The withdrawals or distributions made by the owner for personal use.
湾。 Drawings （绘图） – 所有者为个人使用而进行的提款或分配。
c. Profit and Loss- If revenues are higher than expenses you will have a profit. If revenue is less than expenses you will have a loss.
c. 损益 - 如果收入高于支出，您将获得利润。如果收入少于支出，您将亏损。
4. Revenue: This represents the income earned by the business from its primary business activities. Revenue is located on the income statement.
4. 收入：这代表企业从其主要业务活动中获得的收入。收入位于损益表上。
5. Expenses These are the costs necessarily incurred by the business in order to generate revenue. Expenses are located on the income statement.
5.费用这些是企业为产生收入而必须产生的成本。 费用位于损益表上。
Financial Institutions and Investment Decisions
金融机构和投资决策
Your business is reviewing is sources of funds. They have come to you for advise as to what are the three main elements that they should consider in relation to working capital
您的企业正在审查是资金来源。他们向您寻求建议，了解他们应该考虑的与营运资金相关的三个主要要素是什么
Maintain liquidity. It is ensuring that any short term investments are returning income that will meet any short term costs
保持流动性。它确保任何短期投资都能带来满足任何短期成本的收入
Ensure the required rate of return on investments is met
确保达到所需的投资回报率
Cost v Risk
成本 v 风险
Low risk normally means low return. High risk = high return
低风险通常意味着低回报。高风险 = 高回报
It is extremely important that you determine your risk tolerance and have an investment portfolio aligned with your investment strategy
确定自己的风险承受能力并拥有与您的投资策略相一致的投资组合非常重要
It is important to maintain an investment portfolio that is in line with the business risk management policy and financial goals
维护符合业务风险管理政策和财务目标的投资组合非常重要
Explain what the term bank overdraft refers to.
解释术语 bank over透支 指的是什么。
Bank overdraft is a loan facility that has been established and associated with a business entity's bank account. The convenience it provides allows businesses to fluctuate between having and not having funds in the bank, without the need for short-term financing arrangements each time.
银行透支是一种 已建立并与商业实体的银行账户相关联的贷款。它提供的便利使企业可以在银行有和没有资金之间波动，而无需每次都进行短期融资安排。
There are no fees attached to this type of short term financing unless the business requires it. Once it has been arranged (setup), there is no more paper work involved. The facility allows the business to enter negative funds if required.
除非企业需要，否则这种类型的短期融资不收取任何费用。一旦安排（设置）完毕，就不再涉及任何文书工作。如果需要，该工具允许企业输入负资金。
What are the main characteristics of a superannuation fund
养老基金的主要特点是什么
Superannuation funds accept and manage contributions from employers, self-employed and employees as a saving towards retirement. The fund is managed by trustees and is supervised/regulated by APRA
养老基金接受和管理雇主、个体经营者和雇员的供款，作为退休储蓄。该基金由受托人管理，并受 APRA 监督/监管
Explain how an investor can grow their wealth through capital gains and/or an income stream
解释投资者如何通过资本收益和/或收入流来增加财富
Investors aim to have investments that provide both an income stream and capital gain. An income stream is received during the ownership of the investment. For example dividends from shares, or interest from term deposits.
投资者的目标是进行既能提供收入流又能获得资本收益的投资。在投资所有权期间获得收入流。例如，股票的股息或定期存款的利息。
Investors can achieve capital gains by purchasing assets (such as stocks, bonds, real estate, etc.) and selling them as their value increases. When asset prices rise, investors can profit by selling assets at a price higher than the purchase price. Capital gains can also be achieved through investment funds or other financial products. A capital gain can only be realised at the end of ownership of the investment asset.
投资者可以通过购买资产（如股票、债券、房地产等）并随着其价值的增加而出售它们来实现资本收益。当资产价格上涨时，投资者可以通过以高于购买价格的价格出售资产来获利。资本收益也可以通过投资基金或其他金融产品实现。资本收益只能在投资资产的所有权结束时实现 。
Does a company and an individual investor pay the same rate of income tax on their earnings? Please explain
公司和个人投资者是否为其收益缴纳相同的所得税税率？请解释
According to Australia's personal income tax regulations, individual investors are required to pay different tax rates based on their income level, this is known as marginal rates of tax.For corporate investors, their investment returns need to be affected by corporate income tax. Corporate income tax applies to all companies. If a company's taxable income is less than the specified amount of $50million the tax rate is 25%. If it exceeds that amount, the corporate income tax rate is 30%.
根据澳大利亚的个人所得税法规，个人投资者需要根据其收入水平支付不同的税率，这被称为边际税率。对于企业投资者来说，他们的投资回报需要受到企业所得税的影响。企业所得税适用于所有公司。如果公司的应税收入少于规定的 5000 万美元，税率为 25%。如果超过该金额，则企业所得税税率为 30%。
You have $10,000 invested in the share market. Currently the Australian economy is in a recessionary period, which is having a negative effect on the share market. Should you sell your share portfolio? Explain your answer
您在股票市场投资了 10,000 美元。目前，澳大利亚经济处于衰退期，这对股市产生了负面影响。您应该出售您的股票投资组合吗？ 解释您的答案
No, not unless you need the cash. If you sell you realise the loss.
不，除非你需要现金。如果你卖出，你就会意识到损失。