A narrative of the proceedings of the black people, during the late awful calamity in Philadelphia, in the year 1793: and a refutation of some censures, thrown upon them in some late publications. By A.J. and R.A.
费城 1793 年黑人的行动叙述：以及对一些近期出版物中对他们的指责的驳斥。作者：A.J.和 R.A.

A NARRATIVE, &c. 叙述等。

IN consequence of a partial representation of the conduct of the people who were employed to nurse the sick, in the late calamitous state of the city of Philadelphia, we are solicited, by a number of those who feel themselves injured thereby, and by the ad|vice of several respectable citizens, to step forward and declare facts as they really were; seeing that from our situation, on account of the charge we took upon us, we had it more fully and generally in our power, to know and observe the conduct and behavior of those that were so employed.
由于对在费城灾难性状态下负责照顾病人的人员行为的部分描述，我们受到了一些感到受到伤害的人的请求，以及几位尊敬市民的建议，要求我们站出来如实陈述事实；鉴于由于我们所承担的责任，我们更全面和普遍地有能力了解和观察那些被雇用的人的行为和举止。

Early in September, a solicitation appeared in the public papers, to the people of colour to come forward and assist the distressed, perishing, and neglected sick; with a kind of assurance, that people of our colour were not liable to take the infection. Upon which we and a few others met and consulted how to act on so truly alarming and melancholy an occasion. After some conversation, we found a freedom to go forth, confiding in him who can preserve in the midst of a burning fiery furnace, sensible that it was our duty to do all the good we could to our suffering fellow mor|tals. We set out to see where we could be useful. The first we visited was a man in Emsley's alley, who was dying, and his wife lay dead at the time in the house, there were none to assist but two poor helpless children. We administered what relief we could, and applied to the overseers of the poor to have the woman buried. We visited upwards of twenty families that
九月初，公共报纸上出现了一则征求通知，呼吁有色人种前来帮助那些痛苦、垂死和被忽视的病人，并给予一种保证，称我们有色人种不易感染。在此情况下，我们和其他几个人聚在一起商讨如何在如此令人震惊和悲伤的时刻采取行动。经过一番交谈，我们感到有信心去行动，信任那位能在烈火中保护我们的主，意识到帮助我们受苦的同胞是我们的责任。我们出发去寻找可以提供帮助的地方。我们首先探访的是一位在埃姆斯利小巷的男子，他正在奄奄一息，而他的妻子此时已在屋内去世，只有两个可怜无助的孩子在旁。我们尽力提供了帮助，并向贫困管理者申请为这位女性办理葬礼。我们探访了二十多个家庭。

day—they were scenes of woe indeed! The Lord was pleased to strengthen us, and remove all fear from us, and disposed our▪ hearts to be as useful as possible.
那天——确实是悲惨的场景！主乐意加强我们，消除我们所有的恐惧，并使我们的心灵尽可能地有用。

In order the better to regulate our conduct, we cal|led on the mayor next day, to consult with him how to proceed, so as to be most useful. The first object he recommended was a strict attention to the sick, and the procuring of nurses. This was attended to by Absa|lom Jones and William Gray; and, in order that the distressed might know where to apply, the mayor ad|vertised the public that upon application to them they would be supplied. Soon after, the mortality increas|ing, the difficulty of getting a corpse taken away, was such, that few were willing to do it, when offered great rewards. The black people were looked to. We then offered our services in the public papers, by ad|vertising that we would remove the dead and procure nurses. Our services were the production of real sen|sibility;—we sought not fee nor reward, until the in|crease of the disorder rendered our labour so arduous that we were not adequate to the service we had assum|ed. The mortality increasing rapidly, obliged us to call in the assistance of five* 3.1 hired men, in the awful discharge of interring the dead. They with great reluctance, were prevailed upon to join us. It was very ••••mmon, at this time, to find any one that would go near, much more, handle, a sick or dead person.
为了更好地规范我们的行为，我们第二天拜访了市长，咨询他如何进行，以便最有用。他推荐的第一个目标是严格关注病人，并寻找护士。这项工作由阿布萨隆·琼斯和威廉·格雷负责；为了让受困的人知道在哪里申请，市长向公众公告，告知他们向他们申请将会得到帮助。不久之后，随着死亡人数的增加，处理尸体的困难变得如此之大，以至于即使提供丰厚的奖励，也很少有人愿意去做。人们开始关注黑人。于是我们在公共报纸上提供了我们的服务，广告宣传我们将移除尸体并寻找护士。我们的服务是真正的敏感表现；——我们不寻求报酬或奖励，直到疾病的加重使我们的工作变得如此艰巨，以至于我们无法胜任我们承担的服务。死亡人数迅速增加，迫使我们请来五名雇佣工人，进行可怕的埋葬工作。他们非常不情愿地被说服加入我们。 在这个时候，找到任何愿意靠近，更不用说处理生病或死去的人，都是非常罕见的。

Mr. Carey, in page 106 of his third edition, has observed, that, "for the honor of human nature, it ought to be recorded, that some of the convicts in the gaol, a part of the term of whose confinement had been remitted as a reward for their peaceable, orderly behavior, voluntarily offered themselves as nurses to attend the sick at Bush-hill; and have, in that capaci|ty, conducted themselves with great fidelity &c. Here
凯里先生在第三版的第 106 页中观察到：“为了人性的尊严，应该记录下，监狱中一些囚犯的部分刑期因其和平、有序的行为而被减免，他们自愿提出担任护士，照顾布什山的病人；并且在这个角色中，他们表现得非常忠诚等。”

it ought to be remarked, (although Mr. Carey hath not done it) that two thirds of the persons, who ren|dered these essential services, were people of colour, who, on the application of the elders of the African church, (who met to consider what they could do for the help of the sick) were liberated, on condition of their doing the duty of nurses at the hospital at Bush-|hill; which they as voluntarily accepted to do, as they did faithfully discharge, this severe and disagreeable duty.—May the Lord reward them, both temporally and spiritually.
应当指出，（尽管凯里先生没有这样做）提供这些基本服务的人员中，有三分之二是有色人种，他们在非洲教会长老的请求下（长老们聚集在一起考虑他们能为病人提供什么帮助）被解放，条件是他们在布什希尔医院担任护士的职责；他们自愿接受了这个职责，并忠实地履行了这一艰巨而令人不快的任务。愿主在世俗和灵性上都赐予他们报酬。

When the sickness became general, and several of the physicians died, and most of the survivors were ex|hausted by sickness or fatigue; that good man, Doctor Rush, called us more immediately to attend upon the sick, knowing we could both bleed; he told us we could increase our utility, by attending to his instruc|tions, and accordingly directed us where to procure medicine duly prepared, with proper directions how to administer them, and at what stages of the disorder to bleed; and when we found ourselves incapable of judging what was proper to be done, to apply to him, and he would, if able, attend them himself, or send Edward Fisher, his pupil, which he often did; and Mr. Fisher manifested his humanity, by an affectionate at|tention for their relief.—This has been no small satis|faction to us; for, we think, that when a physician was not attainable, we have been the instruments, in the hand of God, for saving the lives of some hundreds of our suffering fellow mortals.
当疾病普遍蔓延，几位医生去世，大多数幸存者因病或疲惫而精疲力竭时，那位好人拉什医生召唤我们更直接地照顾病人，知道我们都能放血；他告诉我们，通过遵循他的指示，我们可以提高我们的效用，并相应地指导我们在哪里获取适当准备的药物，以及如何正确地给药，以及在疾病的哪个阶段放血；当我们发现自己无法判断该做什么时，可以向他请教，他会在能力范围内亲自照顾他们，或者派他的学生爱德华·费舍尔， 他经常这样做；费舍尔先生通过对他们的关心表现出他的人道主义。——这对我们来说是相当大的满足；因为我们认为，当医生无法获得时，我们成为了上帝手中拯救一些数百名受苦同胞生命的工具。

We feel ourselves sensibly aggrieved by the censori|ous epithets of many, who did not render the least as|sistance in the time of necessity, yet are liberal of their censure of us, for the prices paid for our services, when no one knew how to make a proposal to any one they wanted to assist them. At first we made no charge, but left it to those we served in removing their dead,
我们感到自己受到许多人的指责，这些人并没有在需要的时候提供任何帮助，却对我们收取服务费用的行为大加指责，而当时没有人知道如何向他们想要帮助的人提出建议。起初我们没有收费，而是将其留给我们在处理他们的死者时所服务的人。

to give what they thought fit—we set no price, until the reward was fixed by those we had served. After paying the people we had to assist us, our compensation is much less than many will believe.
为了给予他们认为合适的东西——我们没有设定价格，直到我们所服务的人确定了奖励。在支付了我们需要帮助的人之后，我们的报酬远低于许多人所相信的。

We do assure the public, that all the money we have received, for burying, and for coffins which we our|selves purchased and procured, has not defrayed the expence of wages which we had to pay to those whom we employed to assist us. The following statement is accurately made:
我们向公众保证，所有我们收到的用于埋葬和我们自己购买和采购的棺材的钱，并没有支付我们雇佣的那些帮助我们的人所需的工资。以下声明是准确的：

Besides the costs of hearses, the maintenance of our families for 70 days, (being the period of our labours) and the support of the five hired men, during the re|spective times of their being employed; which expen|ces, together with sundry gifts we occasionally made to poor families, might reasonably and properly be intro|duced,
除了灵车的费用，我们家庭的维护费用为 70 天（即我们的劳动期间）以及在各自被雇佣期间五名雇工的支持费用；这些开支，加上我们偶尔给予贫困家庭的各种赠礼，合理且适当地可以被引入，

to shew our actual situation with regard to pro|fit—but it is enough to exhibit to the public, from the above specified items, of Cash paid and Cash received, without taking into view the other expences, that, by the employment we were engaged in, we have lost £.177 9 8. But, if the other expences, which we have actually paid, are added to that sum, how much then may we not say we have suffered! We leave the public to judge.
展示我们在利润方面的实际情况——但仅仅从上述列出的项目中向公众展示现金支付和现金收入就足够了，而不考虑其他费用。通过我们所从事的工作，我们已经损失了 177 英镑 9 先令 8 便士。但是，如果将我们实际支付的其他费用加到这个总额上，我们又能说我们遭受了多少损失呢！我们留给公众去判断。

It may possibly appear strange to some who know how constantly we were employed, that we should have received no more Cash than £.233 10 4. But we repeat our assurance, that this is the fact, and we add another, which will serve the better to explain it: We have buried several hundreds of poor persons and strangers, for which service we have never received, nor never asked any compensation.
对于一些知道我们一直忙碌的人来说，这可能显得奇怪，我们竟然只收到了 233 英镑 10 先令 4 便士。但我们重申我们的保证，这就是事实，我们再补充一点，这将更好地解释这一点：我们埋葬了几百名可怜的人和陌生人，出于这个服务，我们从未收到过任何补偿，也从未要求过。

We feel ourselves hurt most by a partial, censorious paragraph, in Mr. Carey's second edition, of his ac|count of the sickness, &c. in Philadelphia; pages 76 and 77, where he asperses the blacks alone, for having taken the advantage of the distressed situation of the people. That some extravagant prices were paid, we admit; but how came they to be demanded? the rea|son is plain. It was with difficulty persons could be had to supply the wants of the sick, as nurses;—ap|plications became more and more numerous, the conse|quence was, when we procured them at six dollars per week, and called upon them to go where they were wanted, we found they were gone elsewhere; here was a disappointment; upon enquiring the cause, we found, they had been allured away by others who of|fered greater wages, until they got from two to four dollars per day. We had no restraint upon the peo|ple. It was natural for people in low circumstances to accept a voluntary, bounteous reward; especially under the loathsomness of many of the sick, when na|ture
我们感到最受伤的是在凯里先生的第二版中关于费城疾病等的描述中，有一段片面且苛刻的文字；第 76 和 77 页，他单独指责黑人利用人们困境的机会。我们承认确实支付了一些过高的价格；但这些价格是如何被要求的？原因很简单。很难找到人来满足病人的需求，作为护士；申请变得越来越多，结果是，当我们以每周六美元的价格雇用他们，并要求他们去需要他们的地方时，我们发现他们已经去别处了；这让我们感到失望；在询问原因时，我们发现，他们被其他人引诱走了，后者提供了更高的工资，直到他们每天获得两到四美元。我们对人们没有任何限制。在低收入情况下，人们自然而然地会接受自愿的丰厚报酬；尤其是在许多病人令人厌恶的情况下，当自然

shuddered at the thoughts of the infection, and the task assigned was aggravated by lunacy, and being left much alone with them. Had Mr. Carey been so|licited to such an undertaking, for hire, Query, "what would he have demanded? but Mr. Carey, although chosen a member of that band of worthies who have so eminently distinguished themselves by their labours, for the relief of the sick and helpless—yet, quickly after his election, left them to struggle with their arduous and hazardous task, by leaving the city. 'Tis true Mr. Carey was no hireling, and had a right to flee, and upon his return, to plead the cause of those who fled; yet, we think, he was wrong in giving so partial and injurious an account of the black nurses; if they have taken advantage of the public distress? Is it any more than he hath done of its desire for information. We believe he has made more money by the sale of his "scraps" than a dozen of the greatest extortioners among the black nurses. The great prices paid did not escape the ob|servation of that worthy and vigilant magistrate, Ma|thew Clarkson, mayor of the city, and president of the committee—he sent for us, and requested we would use our influence, to lessen the wages of the nurses, but on informing him the cause, i. e. that of the people over|bidding one another, it was concluded unnecessary to attempt any thing on that head; therefore it was left to the people concerned. That there were some few black people guilty of plundering the distressed, we acknowledge; but in that they only are pointed out, and made mention of, we esteem partial and injurious; we know as many whites who were guilty of it; but this is looked over, while the blacks are held up to cen|sure.—Is it a greater crime for a black to pilfer, than for a white to privateer?
对感染的想法感到颤栗，分配的任务因疯狂而加重，且与他们独处的时间过长。如果凯里先生被请求承担这样的工作，作为报酬，他会要求什么？但凯里先生虽然被选为那些因其劳动而显著区分自己的优秀人士的一员，来帮助病人和无助者——然而，在他当选后不久，他就离开了他们，让他们独自应对艰巨而危险的任务，离开了城市。确实，凯里先生并不是雇佣者，有权逃避，并在返回时为那些逃避的人辩护；然而，我们认为，他在对黑护士的描述上过于片面和有害；如果他们利用了公众的困境？这是否比他对公众求知欲的利用更甚？我们相信，他通过出售他的“片段”赚的钱比一打最大的黑护士勒索者还要多。 支付的高价没有逃过那位值得尊敬且警惕的法官马修·克拉克森的注意，他是这座城市的市长，也是委员会的主席——他召见了我们，并请求我们利用我们的影响力来降低护士的工资，但在告知他原因，即人们相互抬价后，认为在这方面尝试任何事情都是不必要的；因此，这件事留给了相关人员处理。我们承认确实有一些黑人对困苦者进行了掠夺；但仅仅指出他们并提及此事，我们认为这是片面和有害的；我们知道有同样多的白人也犯了这样的罪行；但这一点被忽视了，而黑人却被指责。——黑人偷窃比白人掠夺更严重吗？

We wish not to offend, but when an unprovoked at|tempt is made, to make us blacker than we are, it be|comes less necessary to be over cautious on that ac|count;
我们不想冒犯，但当有人无缘无故地试图让我们看起来比实际更黑暗时，就不再需要对此过于谨慎；

therefore we shall take the liberty to tell of the conduct of some of the whites.
因此，我们将冒昧地谈谈一些白人的行为。

We know six pounds was demanded by, and paid, to a white woman, for putting a corpse into a coffin; and forty dollars was demanded, and paid, to four white men, for bringing it down the stairs.
我们知道，一名白人女性要求并支付了六英镑，将尸体放入棺材；四名白人男性要求并支付了四十美元，将其抬下楼梯。

Mr. and Mrs. Taylor both died in one night; a white woman had the care of them; after they were dead she called on Jacob Servoss, esq. for her pay, demanding six pounds for laying them out; upon see|ing a bundle with her, he suspected she had pilfered; on searching her, Mr. Taylor's buckles were found in her pocket, with other things.
泰勒夫妇在一个晚上都去世了；一位白人女性负责照顾他们；在他们去世后，她找雅各布·塞尔沃斯先生索要报酬，要求六英镑来为他们整理遗体；在看到她带着一个包裹后，他怀疑她有偷窃行为；在搜查她时，发现她口袋里有泰勒先生的扣子和其他物品。

An elderly lady, Mrs. Malony, was given into the care of a white woman, she died, we were called to remove the corpse, when we came the woman was lay|ing so drunk that she did not know what we were do|ing, but we know she had one of Mrs. Malony's rings on her finger, and another in her pocket.
一位老年女士，马洛尼夫人，被交给一位白人女性照顾，她去世了，我们被叫去处理尸体，当我们到达时，那位女性醉得躺着，完全不知道我们在做什么，但我们知道她手指上戴着马洛尼夫人的一枚戒指，口袋里还有另一枚。

Mr. Carey tells us, Bush-hill exhibited as wretched a picture of human misery, as ever existed. A profli|gate abandoned set of nurses and attendants (hardly any of good character could at that time be procured,) rioted on the provisions and comforts, prepared for the sick, who (unless at the hours when the doctors attend|ed) were left almost entirely destitute of every assist|ance. The dying and dead were indiscriminately mingled together. The ordure and other evacuations of the sick, were allowed to remain in the most offen|sive state imaginable. Not the smallest appearance of order or regularity existed. It was in fact a great hu|man slaughter house, where numerous victims were immolated at the altar of intemperance.
凯里先生告诉我们，布什山展现出人类苦难最悲惨的景象。一个放荡不羁的护士和护理人员的团队（在那个时候几乎找不到任何品德良好的人）在为病人准备的食物和舒适设施上肆意挥霍，病人（除非在医生看病的时间）几乎完全得不到任何帮助。临终者和死者混杂在一起。病人的排泄物和其他污物被允许以最令人厌恶的状态留存。根本没有任何秩序或规律可言。实际上，这是一座巨大的屠宰场，许多受害者在放纵的祭坛上被牺牲。

It is unpleasant to point out the bad and unfeeling conduct of any colour, yet the defence we have under|taken obliges us to remark, that although "hardly any of good character at that time could be procured" yet only two black women were at this time in the hospi|tal,
指出任何肤色的不良和冷漠行为是令人不快的，但我们所承担的辩护使我们不得不提到，尽管“当时几乎没有好品德的人可以获得”，但此时医院里只有两名黑人女性

and they were retained and the others discharg|ed, when it was reduced to order and good govern|ment.
他们被保留，而其他人被解雇，当它恢复到秩序和良好的治理时。

The bad consequences many of our colour apprehend from a partial relation of our conduct are, that it will prejudice the minds of the people in general against us—because it is impossible that one individual, can have knowledge of all, therefore a•• some future day, when some of the most virtuous, that were upon most praise|worthy motives, induced to serve the sick, may fall in|to the service of a family that are strangers to him, or her, and it is discovered that it is one of those stigmatis|ed wretches, what may we suppose will be the con|sequence? Is it not reasonable to think the person will be abhored, despised, and perhaps dismissed from em|ployment, to their great disadvantage, would not this be hard? and have we not therefore sufficient reason to seek for redress? We can with certainty assure the public that we have seen more humanity, more real sensibility from the poor blacks, than from the poor whites. When many of the former, of their own ac|cord rendered services where extreme necessity called for it, the general part of the poor white people were so dismayed, that instead of attempting to be useful, they in a manner hid themselves—a remarkable in|stance of this—A po••r afflicted dying man, stood at his chamber window, praying and beseeching every one that passed by, to help him to a drink of water; a num|ber of white people passed, and instead of being moved by the poor man's distress, they hurried as fast as they could out of the sound of his cries—until at length a gentleman, who seemed to be a foreigner came up, he could not pass by, but had not resolution enough to go into the house, he held eight dollars in his hand, and offered it to several as a reward for giving the poor man a drink of water, but was refused by every one, until a poor black man came up, the gentleman offer|ed the eight dollars to him, if he would relieve the
我们许多肤色所感知的我们行为的部分关系所带来的坏后果是，它会使公众对我们产生偏见——因为一个人不可能对所有人都有了解，因此在某个未来的日子里，当一些最有美德的人出于最值得称赞的动机而被诱导去服务病人时，可能会落入一个对他或她来说是陌生的家庭的服务中，并且被发现是那些被污名化的可怜人之一，我们可以假设会有什么后果？难道不合理地认为这个人会被厌恶、被鄙视，甚至可能被解雇，从而对他们造成很大的不利吗？这难道不是很残酷吗？因此，我们是否没有足够的理由去寻求补救？我们可以肯定地向公众保证，我们从贫穷的黑人身上看到了更多的人性和真正的敏感性，而不是从贫穷的白人身上。当许多前者自愿在极端必要时提供服务时，普通的贫穷白人感到如此沮丧，以至于他们不再试图发挥作用，反而以某种方式躲了起来——一个显著的例子是——一个可怜的、濒临死亡的男人站在他的房间窗户旁，祈祷并恳求每一个路过的人给他一杯水；许多白人路过，反而没有被这个可怜男人的痛苦所感动，他们尽可能快地离开了他的呼喊声——直到最后一位似乎是外国人的绅士走了过来，他无法路过，但没有足够的决心走进屋里，他手里拿着八美元，向几个人提供作为给可怜男人一杯水的奖励，但每个人都拒绝了，直到一位可怜的黑人走了过来，绅士向他提供八美元，如果他能帮助这个可怜的人

poor man with a little water, "Master" replied the good natured fellow, "I will supply the gentleman with water, but surely I will not take your money for it" nor could he be prevailed upon to accept his boun|ty: he went in, supplied the poor object with water, and rendered him every service he could.
可怜的男人只有一点水，“大师，”善良的人回答，“我会给这位绅士提供水，但我当然不会收你的钱。”他也无法被说服接受他的慷慨：他进去了，给可怜的人提供了水，并尽可能地为他提供了所有的帮助。

A poor black man, named Sampson, went constantly from house to house where distress was, and no assist|ance without fee or reward; he was smote with the disorder, and died, after his death his family were neglected by those he had served.
一个名叫萨姆森的贫穷黑人男子，不断地从一个有困扰的家庭走到另一个家庭，提供无偿的帮助；他被疾病折磨，去世后，他的家人被他曾服务过的人忽视。

Sarah Bass, a poor black widow, gave all the assist|ance she could, in several families, for which she did not receive any thing; and when any thing was offer|ed her, she left it to the option of those she served.
萨拉·巴斯，一个贫穷的黑人寡妇，尽她所能地帮助了几个家庭，但她没有得到任何报酬；当有人向她提供任何东西时，她都把选择权留给了她所服务的人。

A woman of our colour, nursed Richard Mason and son, when they died, Richard's widow considering the risk the poor woman had run, and from observing the fears that sometimes rested on her mind, expected she would have demanded something considerable, but upon asking what she demanded, her reply was half a dollar per day. Mrs. Mason, intimated it was not sufficient for her attendance, she replied it was enough for what she had done, and would take no more. Mrs. Mason's feelings were such, that she settled an annui|ty of six pounds a year, on her, for life. Her name is Mary Scott.
一位我们肤色的女性，照顾了理查德·梅森和他的儿子，当他们去世时，理查德的遗孀考虑到这位可怜的女性所冒的风险，以及观察到她心中有时存在的恐惧，预计她会要求一些可观的报酬，但在询问她的要求时，她的回答是每天半美元。梅森夫人暗示这对她的照顾来说不够，她回答说这对她所做的事情来说足够了，并且不愿意再要更多。梅森夫人的感受是，她为她终身定下了每年六英镑的年金。她的名字是玛丽·斯科特。

An elderly black woman nursed—with great diligence and attention; when recovered he asked what he must give for her services—she replied "a din|ner master on a cold winter's day," and thus she went from place to place rendering every service in her pow|er without an eye to reward.
一位年长的黑人女性非常勤奋和细心地照顾；当他康复后问她该给什么作为报酬时，她回答说：“在寒冷的冬天里，给我一顿晚餐，主人。”于是她四处奔波，尽力提供各种服务，而不考虑回报。

A young black woman, was requested to attend one night upon a white man and his wife, who were very ill, no other person could be had;—great wages were offered her—she replied, I will not go for money, if I
一位年轻的黑人女性被要求在一个白人男子和他的妻子非常生病时前去照顾他们，因为没有其他人可用；——她被提供了丰厚的报酬——她回答说，我不会为了钱去，如果我

go for money God will see it, and may be make me take the disorder and die, but if I go, and take no money, he may spare my life. She went about nine o'clock, and found them both on the floor; she could procure no candle or other light, but staid with them about two hours, and then left them. They both di|ed that night. She was afterward very ill with the fever—her life was spared.
为了钱去，神会看到这一点，可能会让我得病而死，但如果我去，不拿钱，他可能会饶恕我的生命。她大约在九点钟去的，发现他们俩都在地板上；她无法找到蜡烛或其他光源，但和他们呆了大约两个小时，然后离开了。他们俩那晚都死了。她后来因发烧而非常虚弱——她的生命得以保全。

Caesar-Cranchal, a black man, offered his services to attend the sick, and said, I will not take your mo|ney, I will not fell my life for money. It is said he died with the flux.
凯撒·克兰查尔，一位黑人，提供了照顾病人的服务，并说，我不会收你的钱，我不会为了钱出卖我的生命。据说他死于痢疾。

A black lad, at the Widow Gilpin's, was intrusted with his young Master's keys, on his leaving the city, and transacted his business, with the greatest honesty, and dispatch, having unloaded a vessel for him in the time, and loaded it again.
一个黑小子在吉尔平寡妇那里，被委托保管他年轻主人离开城市时的钥匙，并以最大的诚实和迅速处理他的事务，及时为他卸了一艘船的货物，并再次装载。

A woman, that nursed David Bacon, charged with exemplary moderation, and said she would not have any more.
一位照顾大卫·贝肯的女性，表现出典范的节制，并表示她不会再有更多。

It may be said, in vindication of the conduct of those, who discovered ignorance or incapacity in nurs|ing, that it is, in itself, a considerable art, derived from experience, as well as the exercise of the finer feelings of humanity—this experience, nine tenths of those employed, it is probable were wholly stran|gers to.
可以说，为了辩护那些在护理中发现无知或无能的人的行为，这本身就是一门相当重要的艺术，源于经验，以及人类更细腻情感的运用——这种经验，九成的从业者，可能完全是陌生的。

We do not recollect such acts of humanity from the poor white people, in all the round we have been en|gaged in. We could mention many other instances of the like nature, but think it needless.
我们不记得在我们参与的所有活动中，贫穷的白人有过这样的仁慈行为。我们可以提到许多类似的例子，但认为没有必要。

It is unpleasant for us to make these remarks, but justice to our colour, demands it. Mr. Carey pays William Gray and us a compliment; he says, our ser|vices and others of their colour, have been very great &c. By naming us, he leaves these others, in the hazardous state of being classed with those who are
我们不愿意发表这些评论，但为了对我们的肤色公正，必须这样做。凯里先生对威廉·格雷和我们表示赞赏；他说，我们的服务和其他同肤色的人，贡献都非常大等等。通过提到我们，他让其他人处于与那些被归类的人的危险状态。

called the "vilest." The few that were discovered to merit public censure, were brought to justice, which ought to have sufficed, without being canvassed over in his "Trifle" of a pamphlet—which causes us to be more particular, and endeavour to recall the esteem of the public for our friends, and the people of colour, as far as they may be found worthy; for we conceive, and experience proves it, that an ill name is easier given than taken away. We have many unprovoked enemies, who begrudge us the liberty we enjoy, and are glad to hear of any complaint against our colour, be it just or unjust; in consequence of which we are more earnestly endeavouring all in our power, to warn, rebuke, and exhort our African friends, to keep a con|science void of offence towards God and man; and, at the same time, would not be backward to interfere, when stigmas or oppression appear pointed at, or at|tempted against them, unjustly; and, we are confident, we shall stand justified in the sight of the candid and judicious, for such conduct.
被称为“最卑劣的”。那些被发现值得公众谴责的人，已被绳之以法，这本应足够，而不必在他那本“琐事”的小册子中被讨论——这使我们更加细致，努力恢复公众对我们朋友和有色人种的尊重，只要他们值得；因为我们认为，经验证明，坏名声比好名声更容易获得。我们有许多无缘无故的敌人，他们妒忌我们享有的自由，乐于听到任何针对我们肤色的投诉，无论是公正还是不公正；因此，我们更加努力地尽我们所能，警告、谴责和劝诫我们的非洲朋友，保持对上帝和人类无罪的良心；同时，当污名或压迫不公正地指向或试图针对他们时，我们也不会退缩去干预；我们相信，对于这样的行为，我们将在公正和明智的人面前得到辩护。

Mr. Carey's first, second, and third editions, are gone forth into the world, and in all probability, have been read by thousands that will never read his fourth—consequently, any alteration he may hereafter make, in the paragraph alluded to, cannot have the desired effect, or atone for the past; therefore we apprehend it necessary to publish our thoughts on the occa|sion. Had Mr. Carey said, a number of white and black Wretches eagerly seized on the oppor|tunity to extort from the distressed, and some few of both were detected in plundering the sick, it might extenuate, in a great degree, the having made men|tion of the blacks.
凯里先生的第一、第二和第三版已经面世，极有可能已经被成千上万的人阅读过，而这些人将永远不会阅读他的第四版——因此，他今后在提到的段落中所做的任何修改，都无法产生预期的效果，或弥补过去；因此，我们认为有必要在这个场合发表我们的看法。如果凯里先生说，有一些白人和黑人可怜虫急切地抓住机会从困苦中勒索，而其中一些人被发现抢劫病人，这在很大程度上可能会减轻提及黑人的罪责。

We can assure the public, there were as many white as black people, detected in pilfering, although the number of the latter, employed as nurses, was twenty times as great as the former, and that there is, in our
我们可以向公众保证，在偷窃中，白人和黑人人数相当，尽管后者作为护士的数量是前者的二十倍，并且在我们的

opinion, as great a proportion of white, as of black, inclined to such practices. It is rather to be admired, that so few instances of pilfering and robbery happened, considering the great opportunities there were for such things: we do not know of more than five black people, suspected of any thing clandestine, out of the great number employed; the people were glad to get any person to assist them—a black was preferred, because it was supposed, they were not so likely to take the disorder, the most worthless were accepta|ble, so that it would have been no cause of wonder, if twenty cause of complaint occurred, for one that hath. It has been alledged, that many of the sick, were neglected by the nurses; we do not wonder at it, considering their situation, in many instances, up night and day, without any one to relieve them, worn down with fatigue, and want of sleep, they could not in many cases, render that assistance, which was need|ful: where we visited, the causes of complaint on this score, were not numerous. The case of the nurses, in many instances, were deserving of commiseration, the patient raging and frightful to behold; it has fre|quently required two persons, to hold them from run|ing away, others have made attempts to jump out of a window, in many chambers they were nailed down, and the door was kept locked, to prevent them from running away, or breaking their necks, others lay vo|miting blood, and screaming enough to chill them with horror. Thus were many of the nurses circumstanced, alone, until the patient died, then called away to an|other scene of distress, and thus have been for a week or ten days left to do the best they could without any sufficient rest, many of them having some of their dearest connections sick at the time, and suffering for want, while their husband, wife, father, mother, &c. have been engaged in the service of the white people. We mention this to shew the difference between this
意见是，白人和黑人中都有相当比例的人倾向于这种行为。值得赞赏的是，考虑到有如此多的机会，发生盗窃和抢劫的实例却如此之少：我们不知道在大量雇佣的黑人中，有超过五人被怀疑有任何秘密行为；人们乐于找任何人来帮助他们——黑人更受欢迎，因为人们认为他们不太可能感染这种疾病，最无用的人也可以接受，因此如果发生二十起投诉而只有一起被证实，也不足为奇。有人声称，许多病人被护士忽视；考虑到他们的处境，我们对此并不感到惊讶，在许多情况下，他们整夜整天都没有人来替换，因疲惫和缺乏睡眠而精疲力竭，他们在许多情况下无法提供所需的帮助：我们访问的地方，这方面的投诉原因并不多。 护士的情况在许多情况下值得同情，病人愤怒而可怕；通常需要两个人来防止他们逃跑，其他人试图跳出窗外，在许多病房里，他们被钉住，门被锁上，以防止他们逃跑或摔断脖子，其他人则呕吐鲜血，尖叫得令人毛骨悚然。因此，许多护士的处境是孤独的，直到病人去世，然后被叫去处理另一个痛苦的场景，因此他们在没有足够休息的情况下被留下来尽力而为，许多人在那时有一些最亲近的亲属生病并因缺乏而痛苦，而他们的丈夫、妻子、父亲、母亲等则忙于为白人服务。我们提到这一点是为了显示这之间的区别

and nursing in common cases, we have suffered equal|ly with the whites, our distress hath been very great, but much unknown to the white people. Few have been the whites that paid attention to us while the black were engaged in the other's service. We can assure the public we have taken four and five black people in a day to be buried. In several instances when they have been seized with the sickness while nursing, they have been turned out of the house, and wandering and destitute until taking shelter wherever they could (as many of them would not be admitted to their former homes) they have languished alone and we know of one who even died in a stable. Others acted with more tenderness, when their nurses were taken sick they had proper care taken of them at their houses. We know of two instances of this.
在护理普通病例时，我们与白人同样遭受痛苦，我们的困境非常严重，但白人对此知之甚少。在黑人员工为他人服务时，关注我们的白人寥寥无几。我们可以向公众保证，我们一天内埋葬了四到五名黑人。在几种情况下，当他们在护理时被疾病袭击时，他们被赶出了家门，流浪无依，直到找到可以避难的地方（因为他们中的许多人不被允许回到以前的家中），他们孤独地忍受着，我们知道有一个人甚至死在了马厩里。其他人则表现得更加温柔，当他们的护理人员生病时，他们在家中得到了妥善的照顾。我们知道有两个这样的例子。

It is even to this day a generally received opinion in this city, that our colour was not so liable to the sickness as the whites. We hope our friends will par|don us for setting this matter in its true state.
直到今天，在这个城市里，人们普遍认为我们的肤色不如白人容易生病。我们希望我们的朋友能原谅我们将此事陈述得如此真实。

The public were informed that in the West-Indies and other places where this terrible malady had been, it was observed the blacks were not affected with it. Happy would it have been for you, and much more so for us, if this observation had been verified by our experience.
公众被告知，在西印度群岛和其他地方，这种可怕的疾病曾经出现过，观察到黑人并未受到影响。如果这一观察能够通过我们的经验得到验证，那对你来说将是多么幸福，对我们来说更是如此。

When the people of colour had the sickness and died, we were imposed upon and told it was not with the prevailing sickness, until it became too notorious to be denied, then we were told some few died but not many. Thus were our services extorted at the peril of our lives, yet you accuse us of extorting a little money from you.
当有色人种生病并去世时，我们被强加了说法，称这不是流行的疾病，直到这一切变得太明显无法否认，然后我们被告知只有少数人去世，但并不多。因此，我们的服务是在生命危险中被强迫的，然而你却指责我们从你那里榨取一点钱。

The bill of mortality for the year 1793, published by Matthew Whitehead, and John Ormrod, clerks, and Joseph Dolby, sexton, will convince any reason|able man that will examine it, that as many coloured people died in proportion as others. In 1792, there
1793 年由马修·怀特黑德、约翰·奥姆罗德、约瑟夫·多尔比发布的死亡账单将使任何愿意审查它的理性人相信，按比例计算，死去的有色人种与其他人一样多。1792 年，那里

were 67 of our colour buried, and in 1793 it amount|ed to 305; thus the burials among us have increased more than fourfold, was not this in a great degree the effects of the services of the injustly vilified black people?
我们有 67 种颜色被埋葬，而在 1793 年，这个数字达到了 305；因此我们之间的埋葬人数增加了四倍以上，这在很大程度上不是受到那些被不公正诽谤的黑人服务的影响吗？

Perhaps it may be acceptable to the reader to know how we found the sick affected by the sickness; our opportunities of hearing and seeing them have been very great. They were taken with a chill, a head|ach, a sick stomach, with pains in th•••••• limbs and back, this was the way the sickness in general began, but all were not affected alike, some appeared but slightly affected with some of these symptoms, what confirmed us in the opinion of a person being mitten was the co|lour of their eyes. In some it raged more furiously than in others—some have languished for seven and ten days, and appeared to get better the day, or some hours before they died, while others were cut off in one, two, or three days, but their complaints were si|milar. Some lost their reason and raged with all the fury madness could produce, and died in strong con|vulsions. Others retained their reason to the last, and seemed rather to fall asleep than die. We could not help remarking that the former were of strong passions, and the latter of a mild temper. Numbers died in a kind of dejection, they concluded they must go. (so the phrase for dying was) and therefore in a kind of fixed determined state of mind went off.
也许读者会觉得了解我们是如何发现生病的人是可以接受的；我们听到和看到他们的机会非常多。他们感到寒冷、头痛、恶心，四肢和背部疼痛，这通常是疾病开始的方式，但并不是所有人都表现得一样，有些人仅仅表现出轻微的症状，而我们确认一个人被感染的依据是他们眼睛的颜色。在某些人身上，病情比其他人更为严重——有些人病了七天或十天，似乎在去世前的一天或几个小时内有所好转，而其他人则在一、两或三天内去世，但他们的症状是相似的。有些人失去了理智，发狂得如同疯狂一般，死于强烈的抽搐。其他人则在最后时刻保持理智，似乎更像是入睡而非死亡。我们不禁注意到，前者性情激烈，而后者性情温和。许多人在一种沮丧中去世，他们认为自己必须离开。 （所以死亡的短语是）因此以一种固定的决心状态离开了。

It struck our minds with awe, to have application made by those in health, to take charge of them in their sickness, and of their funeral. Such applications have been made to us; many appeared as though they thought they must die, and not live; some have lain on the floor, to be measured for their coffin and grave. A gentleman called one evening, to request a good nurse might be got for him, when he was sick, and to superintend his funeral, and gave particular directions
这让我们感到震惊，健康的人申请在他们生病时照顾他们，并负责他们的葬礼。这种申请曾向我们提出；许多人似乎认为他们必须死，而不是活着；有些人躺在地板上，准备测量他们的棺材和墓穴。一个绅士在一个晚上来访，请求为他找一个好的护士，以便在他生病时照顾他，并监督他的葬礼，并给出了具体的指示。

how he would have it conducted, it seemed a surpri|sing circumstance, for the man appeared at the time, to be in perfect health, but calling two or three days af|ter to see him, found a woman dead in the house, and the man so far gone, that to administer any thing for his recovery, was needless—he died that evening. We mention this, as an instance of the dejection and despondence, that took hold on the minds of thousands, and are of opinion, it aggravated the case of many, while others who bore up chearfully, got up again, that probably would otherwise have died.
他会如何进行这件事，这似乎是一个令人惊讶的情况，因为当时这个人看起来身体健康，但在两三天后打电话去看他时，发现屋里有一个女人死了，而这个人已经奄奄一息，以至于给他施以任何恢复的措施都是多余的——他在那天晚上去世了。我们提到这一点，是作为成千上万人的沮丧和绝望的一个例子，我们认为这加重了许多人的情况，而其他那些乐观面对的人则重新振作起来，可能本来会死去。

When the mortality came to its greatest stage, it was impossible to procure sufficient assistance, there|fore many whose friends, and relations had left them, died unseen, and unassisted. We have found them in va|rious situations, some laying on the floor, as bloody as if they had been dipt in it, without any appearance of their having had, even a drink of water for their re|lief; others laying on a bed with their clothes on, as if they had came in fatigued, and lain down to rest; some appeared, as if they had fallen dead on the floor, from the position we found them in.
当死亡达到最严重的阶段时，几乎不可能获得足够的帮助，因此许多朋友和亲属离开他们的人，死于无见无助之中。我们在各种情况下发现了他们，有的躺在地板上，浑身是血，仿佛被浸泡在血中，似乎连一口水都没有喝过；有的则穿着衣服躺在床上，仿佛疲惫不堪地躺下休息；有些人看起来就像是突然倒在地板上死去的，正是我们发现他们时的姿势。

Truly our task was hard, yet through mercy, we were enabled to go on.
确实我们的任务很艰难，但通过怜悯，我们得以继续前行。

One thing we observed in several instances—when we were called, on the first appearance of the disorder to bleed, the person frequently, on the opening a vein before the operation was near over, felt a change for the better, and expressed a relief in their chief com|plaints; and we made it a practice to take more blood from them, than is usual in other cases; these in a general way recovered; those who did omit bleeding any considerable time, after being taken by the sick|ness, rarely expressed any change they felt in the ope|ration.
我们在几次观察中发现——当我们被叫去时，在疾病首次出现出血的情况下，病人在手术快要结束时开静脉时，常常感到有所好转，并在主要症状上表示出缓解；我们因此养成了从他们身上抽取比其他病例更多的血液的习惯；这些病人一般都恢复了；而那些在生病后长时间未进行放血的人，通常在手术中很少表示感受到任何变化。

We feel a great satisfaction in believing, that we have been useful to the sick, and thus publicly thank
我们感到非常满意，因为我们相信自己对病人有所帮助，因此公开表示感谢

Doctor Rush, for enabling us to be so. We have bled upwards of eight hundred people, and do declare, we have not received to the value of a dollar and a half, therefor: we were willing to imitate the Doctor's be|nevolence, who sick or well, kept his house open day and night, to give what assistance he could in this time of trouble.
拉什医生，让我们能够如此。我们已经为八百多人放血，并且声明，我们没有收到价值一美元半的报酬：我们愿意效仿医生的仁慈，无论健康与否，他的家昼夜开放，以便在这段困难时期提供他能给予的帮助。

Several affecting instances occurred, when we were engaged in burying the dead. We have been called to bury some, who when we came, we found alive; at other places we found a parent dead, and none but little innocent babes to be seen, whose ignorance led them to think their parent was asleep; on account of their situation, and their little prattle, we have been so wounded and our feelings so hurt, that we almost concluded to withdraw from our undertaking, but see|ing others so backward, we still went on.
在我们埋葬死者时，发生了几起令人心痛的事件。我们被叫去埋葬一些人，当我们到达时，发现他们还活着；在其他地方，我们发现一位父母已经去世，只有一些无辜的小婴儿在场，他们的无知让他们以为父母只是睡着了；由于他们的处境和稚嫩的喃喃细语，我们感到非常受伤，情感受到极大伤害，以至于我们几乎决定放弃我们的工作，但看到其他人如此犹豫，我们还是继续前行。

An affecting instance.—A woman died, we were sent for to bury her, on our going into the house and taking the coffin in, a dear little innocent accosted us, with, mamma is asleep, don't wake her; but when she saw us puther in the coffin, 'the distress of the child was so great, that it almost overcame us; when she de|manded why we put her mamma in the box? We did not know how to answer her, but committed her to the care of a neighbour, and left her with heavy hearts. In other places where we have been to take the corpse of a parent, and have found a group of lit|tle ones alone, some of them in a measure capable of knowing their situation, their cries and the innocent confusions of the little ones, seemed almost too much for human nature to bear. We have picked up little children that were wandering they knew not where, whose (parents were cut off) and taken them to the orphan house, for at this time the dread that prevail|ed over people's minds was so general, that it was a rare instance to see one neighbour visit another, and
一个感人的例子。——一位女士去世了，我们被叫去为她安葬。当我们走进房子并抬着棺材时，一个可爱的小女孩走过来对我们说：“妈妈在睡觉，别叫醒她。”但当她看到我们把妈妈放进棺材时，孩子的痛苦几乎让我们无法承受。她问我们为什么要把妈妈放进盒子里？我们不知道该如何回答她，只好把她托付给邻居，心情沉重地离开了。在我们去接父母遗体的其他地方，发现一群小孩孤零零地待着，其中一些在某种程度上能够理解自己的处境，他们的哭泣和小孩们天真的困惑似乎几乎超出了人类所能承受的极限。我们曾经接过一些不知道要去哪里的小孩，他们的父母已经去世，并把他们带到孤儿院，因为在那个时候，人们心中弥漫的恐惧是如此普遍，以至于邻里之间互相拜访的情况变得非常罕见。

even friends when they met in the streets were afraid of each other, much less would they admit into their houses the distressed orphan that had been where the sickness was; this extreme seemed in some instances to have the appearance of barbarity; with reluctance we call to mind the many opportunities there were in the power of individuals to be useful to their fellow-men, yet through the terror of the times was omitted. A black man riding through the street, saw a man push a wo|man out of the house, the woman staggered and fell on her face in the gutter, and was not able to turn herself, the black man thought she was drunk, but observing she was in danger of suffocation alighted, ••nd▪taking the woman up found her perfectly sober, out so far gone with the disorder that she was not able to help herself; the hard hearted man that threw her down, shut the door and left her—in such a situation, she might have perished in a few minutes: we heard of it, and took her to Bush-hill. Many of the white people, that ought to be patterns for us to follow af|ter, have acted in a manner that would make humani|ty shudder. We remember an instance of cruelty, which we trust, no black man would be guilty of: two sisters orderly, decent, white women were sick with the fever, one of them recovered so as to come to the door; a neighbouring white man saw her, and in an angry tone asked her if her sister was dead or not? She answered no, upon which he replied, damn her, if she don't die before morning, I will make her die. The poor woman shocked at such an expression, from this monster of a man, made a modest reply, upon which he snatched ••p a tub of water, and would have dashed it over her, if he had not been prevented by a black man; he then went and took a couple of fowls out of a coop, (which had been given them for nou|rishment) and threw them into an open alley; he had his wish, the poor woman that he would make die,
即使是朋友在街上相遇时也彼此害怕，更不用说会让那个曾经在疾病中受苦的可怜孤儿进他们的家了；这种极端在某些情况下似乎显得野蛮；我们不情愿地回想起个人有许多机会可以对同胞有所帮助，但由于时代的恐惧而被忽视。一个黑人在街上骑行，看到一个人把一个女人推出了房子，那个女人踉跄着摔倒在沟里，无法翻身，黑人以为她喝醉了，但观察到她有窒息的危险，于是下了马，抱起那个女人，发现她完全清醒，只是因为疾病而无法自救；那个把她推倒的冷酷男人关上门就离开了——在这种情况下，她可能在几分钟内就会死去：我们听说了这件事，把她带到了布什山。许多本应成为我们效仿榜样的白人，以一种让人类感到颤栗的方式行事。 我们记得一个残酷的例子，我们相信，没有黑人会犯这样的罪：两个有序、体面的白人姐妹因发烧而生病，其中一个康复了，能够走到门口；一个邻近的白人男子看到她，用愤怒的语气问她，她的姐妹是否死了？她回答没有，于是他回复，去他的，如果她在早上之前不死，我就让她死。可怜的女人对这个怪物般的男人如此的表情感到震惊，做出了谦逊的回应，随后他抓起一桶水，如果不是被一个黑人阻止，他就会把水泼在她身上；然后他去从一个鸡笼里拿出几只鸡（这些鸡是给他们提供食物的），并把它们扔进了一个开放的小巷；他如愿以偿，那个可怜的女人他想让她死

died that night. A white man threatened to shoot us, issue passed by his house with a corpse: we buried him three days after.
那晚死了。一个白人威胁要开枪打我们，经过他家时看到一具尸体：我们在三天后埋了他。

We have been pained to see the widows come to us, crying and wringing their hands, and in very great distress, on account of their husbands' death; having nobody to help them, they were obliged to come to get their husbands buried, their neighbours were afraid to go to their help or to condole with them; we ascribe such unfriendly conduct to the frailty of human nature, and not to wilful unkindness, or hardness of heart.
我们看到寡妇们来到我们面前，哭泣着扭动双手，因丈夫的去世而非常痛苦，感到非常悲伤；她们没有人来帮助，只能来处理丈夫的葬礼，邻居们害怕去帮助她们或向她们表示哀悼；我们将这种不友好的行为归因于人性的脆弱，而不是故意的无情或冷酷。

Notwithstanding the compliment Mr. Carey hath paid us, we have found reports spread, of our taking between one, and two hundred beds, from houses where people died; such slanderers as these, who propagate such wilful lies are dangerous, although unworthy no|tice. We wish if any person hath the least suspicion of us, they would endeavour to bring us to the punish|ment which such atrocious conduct must deserve; and by this means, the innocent will be cleared from re|proach, and the guilty known.
尽管凯里先生对我们表示了赞美，但我们发现有传言称我们从死者的房屋中拿走了一百到两百张床；这些传播故意谎言的诽谤者是危险的，尽管不值得注意。我们希望如果有人对我们有丝毫怀疑，他们会努力将我们带到这种可怕行为应得的惩罚面前；通过这种方式，清白的人将摆脱指责，而罪犯将被揭露。

We shall now conclude with the following old pro|verb, which we think applicable to those of our colour who exposed their lives in the late afflicting dispensa|tion:—
我们现在将以以下古老的谚语结束，我们认为这适用于那些在最近痛苦的分配中冒着生命危险的同胞：—

God and a soldier, all men do adore,
上帝和士兵，所有人都崇拜， In time of war, and not before;
在战争时期，而不是之前； When the war is over, and all things righted,
当战争结束，一切恢复正常时， God is forgotten, and the soldier slighted.
上帝被遗忘，士兵被轻视。

TO MATTHEW CLARKSON, ESQ. Mayor of the City of Philadelphia.
致马修·克拉克森，阁下。费城市市长。

FOR the personal respect we bear you, and for the satisfaction of the Mayor, we declare, that to the best of our remembrance we had the care of the fol|lowing beds and no more.—
鉴于我们对您的个人尊重，以及为了市长的满意，我们声明，尽我们所能记得，我们只负责以下床位，没有其他。

Two belonging to James Starr we buried; upon taking them up, we found one damaged; the blankets, &c. belonging to it were stolen; it was refused to be accepted of by his son Moses; it was buried again, and remains so for ought we know▪ the other was return|ed and accepted of.
我们埋葬了属于詹姆斯·斯塔尔的两个物品；在取出它们时，我们发现其中一个受损；属于它的毯子等物品被盗；他的儿子摩西拒绝接受；它再次被埋葬，至今仍然如此；另一个则被归还并被接受。

We buried two belonging to Samuel Fisher, mer|chant; one of them was taken up by us, to carry a sick person on to Bush-hill, and there left; the other was buried in a grave, under a corpse.
我们埋葬了两个属于塞缪尔·费舍尔的物品，商人；其中一个被我们取走，以便将一名病人送到布什山，然后留下；另一个则埋在一个尸体下的坟墓里。

Two beds were buried for Thomas Willing, one six feet deep in his garden, and lime and water thrown upon it; the other was in the Potter's field, and fur|ther knowledge of it we have not.
托马斯·威灵被埋了两张床，一张在他的花园里，深六英尺，撒上了石灰和水；另一张在陶工的田地里，我们对此没有进一步的了解。

We burned one bed with other furniture, and cloath|ing belonging to the late Mayor, Samuel Powel, on his farm on the west side of Schuylkill river;—we bu|ried one of his beds.
我们在舒伊尔基尔河西岸的他的农场上，烧掉了一张床和其他家具，以及已故市长塞缪尔·鲍威尔的衣物；——我们埋掉了他的其中一张床。

For—Dickenson, we buried a bed in a lot of Richard Allen; which we have good cause to believe, was stolen.
对于迪肯森，我们在理查德·艾伦的一块地里埋了一张床；我们有充分的理由相信，这张床是被盗的。

One bed was buried for a person in front street, whose name is unknown to us, it was buried in the Potter's field, by a person employed for the purpose; we told him he might take it up again after it had been buried a week, and apply it to his own use, as he
一张床被埋在前街，为一个我们不知道名字的人埋在陶工的田地里，由一个专门雇佣的人埋的；我们告诉他，埋了一周后可以再挖出来，自己使用

said he had lately been discharged from the hospital and had none to lay on.
他说他最近刚出院，身上没有钱。

Thomas Leiper's two beds were buried in the Pot|ter's field, and remained there a week, and then taken up by us, for the use of the sick that we took to Bush-|hill, and left the••.
托马斯·莱珀的两张床被埋在陶工的田地里，埋了一周，然后被我们取出，供我们带到布什山的病人使用，并留下了。

We buried one for—Smith, in the Potter's field, which was returned except the furniture, which we believe was stolen.
我们在陶工的田地里埋了一个——史密斯，除了家具外，其他的都被归还了，我们相信家具是被盗的。

One other we buried for—Davis, in Vine street, it was buried near Schuylkill, and we believe conti|nues so.
我们还埋了另一个——戴维斯，在葡萄街，它埋在舒伊尔基尔附近，我们相信仍然如此。

A bed from—Guests in Second street, was buried in the Potter's field, and is there yet, for any thing we know.
一张来自第二街的床，埋在陶工的田野里，至今仍在那儿，至于我们所知的任何事情。

One bed we buried in the Presbyterian burial ground the corner of Pine and Fourth streets▪ and we believe was taken up by the owner, Thomas Mitchel.
我们在松树街和第四街的长老会墓地埋了一张床，我们相信是由主人托马斯·米切尔取走的。

—Millegan in Second street, had a bed buried by us in the Potter's field—we have no further know|ledge of it.
—米尔根在第二街，曾在陶工的田地里埋了一张床——我们对此没有进一步的了解。

This is a true state of matters respecting the beds, as far as we were concerned, we never undertook the charge of more than their burial, knowing they were liable to be taken away by evil minded persons. We think it beneath the dignity of an honest man, (although injured in his reputation by wicked and envious persons) to vindicate or support his character, by an oath or le|gal affirmation; we fear not our enemies, let them come forward with their charges, we will not flinch, and if they can fix any crime upon us, we refuse not to suffer.
这是真实的情况，关于床的事，至于我们，我们从未承担过超过埋葬的责任，因为我们知道它们可能会被心怀不轨的人带走。我们认为，作为一个诚实的人（尽管因邪恶和嫉妒的人而受到名誉损害），通过誓言或法律宣誓来辩护或支持自己的品格是有失尊严的；我们不惧怕我们的敌人，让他们提出指控，我们不会退缩，如果他们能给我们定罪，我们也不拒绝承受。

SIR, You have cause to believe our lives were endanger|ed in more cases than one, in the time of the late mortality, and that we were so discouraged, that had it not been for your persuasion, we would have relin|quished
先生，您有理由相信，在最近的死亡事件中，我们的生命在多个情况下受到威胁，并且我们感到非常沮丧，如果不是因为您的劝说，我们本会放弃

our disagreeable and dangerous employment—and we hope there is no impropriety in soliciting a cer|tificate of your approbation of our conduct, so far as it hath come to your knowledge.
我们不愉快且危险的工作——我们希望请求您对我们行为的认可证书没有不妥之处，至于这在您所知的范围内。

HAVING, during the prevalence of the late ma|lignant disorder, had almost daily opportunities of seeing the conduct of Absalom Jones and Richard Allen, and the people employed by them, to bury the dead—I with cheerfulness give this testimony of my approbation of their proceedings, as far as the same came under my notice. Their diligence, attention and decency of deportment, afforded me, at the time, much satisfaction.
在最近流行的恶性疾病期间，我几乎每天都有机会看到阿布萨隆·琼斯和理查德·艾伦以及他们雇佣的人埋葬死者的行为——我愉快地对此表示赞同，尽我所知，他们的行为值得称赞。他们的勤奋、关注和得体的举止在当时让我感到非常满意。

An Address to those who keep Slaves, and approve the practice.
致那些拥有奴隶并赞同这一做法的人。

THE judicious part of mankind will think it un|reasonable, that a superior good conduct is looked for, from our race, by those who stigmatize us as men, whose baseness is incurable, and may therefore be held in a state of servitude, that a merciful man would not doom a beast to; yet you try what you can to prevent our rising from the state of barbarism, you represent us to be in, but we can tell you, from a degree of ex|perience, that a black man, although reduced to the most abject state human nature is capable of, short of real madness, can think, reflect, and feel injuries, al|though it may not be with the same degree of keen resentment and revenge, that you who have been and
人类中明智的部分会认为，期望我们这一种族表现出优良的品德是不合理的，因为那些将我们视为不可救药的卑劣之人的人，可能因此将我们视为可以处于奴役状态的存在，而一个仁慈的人不会将野兽置于这样的境地；然而你们尽力阻止我们摆脱你们所认为的野蛮状态，但我们可以告诉你们，基于一定的经验，尽管一个黑人可能被降到人性所能承受的最卑微的状态，除了真正的疯狂之外，他仍然能够思考、反思和感受到伤害，尽管这可能没有你们这些曾经拥有过的那种强烈的愤恨和复仇感

are our great oppressors, would manifest if reduced to the pitiable condition of a slave. We believe if you would try the experiment of taking a few black chil|dren, and cultivate their minds with the same care, and let them have the same prospect in view, as to living in the world, as you would wish for your own children, you would find upon the trial, they were not inferior in mental endowments.
我们的伟大压迫者，如果被降到奴隶的可怜境地，就会显现出来。我们相信，如果你尝试一下，带几个黑人孩子，像对待自己的孩子一样细心培养他们的思想，并让他们有同样的生活前景，你会发现经过试验，他们在智力天赋上并不逊色。

We do not wish to make you angry, but excite your attention to consider, how hateful slavery is in the sight of that God, who hath destroyed kings and princes, for their oppression of the poor slaves; Pha|raoh and his princes with the posterity of king Saul, were destroyed by the protector and avenger of slaves. Would you not suppose the Israelites to be utterly un|fit for freedom, and that it was impossible for them to attain to any degree of excellence? Their history shews how slavery had debased their spirits. Men must be wilfully blind and extremely partial, that can|not see the contrary effects of liberty and slavery upon the mind of man; we freely confess the vile habits of|ten acquired in a state of servitude, are not easily thown off; the example of the Israelites shews, who with all that Moses could do to reclaim them from it, still continued in their former habits more or less; and why will you look for better from us? Why will you look for grapes from thorns, or figs from thistles? It is in our posterity enjoying the same privileges with your own, that you ought to look for better things.
我们并不希望让你生气，而是希望引起你的注意，考虑奴隶制在那位因压迫贫穷奴隶而毁灭国王和王子的上帝眼中是多么可恨；法老和他的王子以及扫罗王的后裔，都是被奴隶的保护者和复仇者所毁灭的。你难道不认为以色列人完全不适合自由，认为他们不可能达到任何卓越的程度吗？他们的历史表明奴隶制如何贬低了他们的精神。人们必须是故意盲目和极其偏见，才能看不到自由和奴隶制对人类思想的相反影响；我们坦率地承认，在奴役状态下常常养成的卑劣习惯并不容易摆脱；以色列人的例子表明，尽管摩西尽了全力去使他们摆脱这些习惯，他们仍然或多或少地保持着以前的习惯；你为什么会期待我们会更好呢？你为什么要从荆棘中寻找葡萄，或从蒺藜中寻找无花果？你应该期待更好的东西在我们的后代享有与您自己相同的特权。

When you are pleaded with, do not you reply as Pharaoh did, "wherefore do ye Moses and Aaron, let the people from their work, behold the people of the land, now are many, and you make them rest from their burdens." We wish you to consider, that God himself was the first pleader of the cause of slaves.
当你被恳求时，难道你不应该像法老那样回答：“你们为何让摩西和亚伦使人民停止工作，看哪，地上的人民现在很多，而你们让他们从重担中休息。”我们希望你考虑到，上帝自己是奴隶事业的第一个辩护者。

That God who knows the hearts of all men, and the propensity of a slave to hate his oppressor, hath strict|ly forbidden it to his chosen people, "thou shalt not
那位知道所有人心的上帝，以及奴隶仇恨压迫者的倾向，严格禁止他的选民：“你不可”

abhor an Egyptian, because thou wast a stranger in his land. Deut. xxiii. 7." The meek and humble Jesus, the great pattern of humanity, and every other virtue that can adorn and dignify men, hath command|ed to love our enemies, to do good to them that hate and despitefully use us. We feel the obligations, we wish to impress them on the minds of our black bre|thren, and that we may all forgive you, as we wish to be forgiven; we think it a great mercy to have all anger and bitterness removed from our minds; we appeal to your own feelings, if it is not very disquiet|ing to feel yourselves under the dominion of a wrath|ful disposition.
厌恶埃及人，因为你在他的土地上是个陌生人。申命记 xxiii. 7。“温柔谦卑的耶稣，人性的伟大典范，以及可以装饰和尊严人类的其他美德，命令我们爱我们的敌人，善待那些恨我们和恶意对待我们的人。我们感受到这种义务，我们希望将其深深印在我们黑人兄弟的心中，并且我们都希望能够原谅你们，就像我们希望被原谅一样；我们认为，能够将所有的愤怒和苦涩从我们的心中移除是一种巨大的恩典；我们呼吁你们自己的感受，如果感到自己处于愤怒的支配之下，是否不是非常令人不安。

If you love your children, if you love your country, if you love the God of love, clear your hands from slaves, burden not your children or country with them. Our hearts have been sorrowful for the late bloodshed of the oppressors, as well as the oppressed, both ap|pear guilty of each others blood, in the sight of him who said, he that sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed.
如果你爱你的孩子，如果你爱你的国家，如果你爱爱的上帝，就要让你的手远离奴隶，不要让你的孩子或国家背负他们的负担。我们心中为压迫者和被压迫者的血 shed 而感到悲伤，在他面前，他们都显得对彼此的血流有罪，他曾说过，流人血的，必被人所流的血。

Will you, because you have reduced us to the un|happy condition our colour is in, plead our incapacity for freedom, and our contented condition under op|pression, as a sufficient cause for keeping us under the grievous yoke? We have shewn the cause of our inca|pacity, we will also shew, why we appear contented; were we to attempt to plead with our masters, it would be deemed insolence, for which cause they appear as contented as they can in your fight, but the dreadful insurrections they have made, when opportunity has offered, is enough to convince a reasonable man, that great uneasiness and not contentment, is the inhabitant of their hearts.
你们是否因为将我们置于我们肤色所处的不幸境地，而为我们缺乏自由和在压迫下的满足状态辩护，认为这足以成为让我们承受沉重枷锁的理由？我们已经展示了我们无能的原因，我们也将展示为什么我们看起来满足；如果我们试图向我们的主人辩护，那将被视为无礼，因此他们在你们面前表现得尽可能满足，但他们在有机会时所发动的可怕叛乱，足以让理智的人相信，巨大的不安而非满足，才是他们内心的真实写照。

God himself hath pleaded their cause, he hath from time to time raised up instruments for that purpose, sometimes mean and contemptible in your sight; at o|ther times he hath used such as it hath pleased him,
上帝自己为他们辩护，他不时地为此兴起工具，有时在你眼中是卑微和可鄙的；有时他使用的是他所喜悦的那些人

with whom you have not thought it beneath your dig|nity to contend, many have been convinced of their error, condemned their former conduct, and become zealous advocates for the cause of those, whom you will not suffer to plead for themselves.
与您认为不值得与之争辩的人，许多人已被说服承认自己的错误，谴责自己以前的行为，并成为那些您不允许为自己辩护的人事业的热心倡导者。

To the People of Colour.
致有色人种。

FEELING an engagement of mind for your welfare, we address you with an affectionate sympathy, having been ourselves slaves, and as desirous of freedom as any of you; yet the bands of bondage were so strong, that no way appeared for our release, yet at times a hope arose in our hearts that a way would open for it, and when our minds were mercifully visited with the feeling of the love of God, then these hopes increased, and a confidence arose that he would make way for our enlargement, and as a patient waiting was necessary, we were sometimes favoured with it, at other times we were very impatient, then the pros|pect of liberty almost vanished away, and we were in dark|ness and perplexity.
感受到对你们福祉的关心，我们以深情的同情向你们致以问候。我们曾是奴隶，渴望自由，和你们一样；然而，束缚的枷锁是如此强大，以至于没有任何途径可以解脱。然而，有时希望在我们心中升起，期待会有出路。当我们的心灵得到上帝之爱的怜悯时，这些希望便增加了，信心也随之而来，坚信他会为我们的解放开辟道路。虽然耐心等待是必要的，但有时我们得到了这种耐心，而其他时候我们则非常不耐烦，结果自由的前景几乎消失，我们陷入了黑暗和困惑之中。

We mention our experience to you, that your hearts may not sink at the discouraging prospects you may have, and that you may put your trust in God, who sees your condition, and as a merciful father pitieth his children, so doth God pity them that love him; and as your hearts are inclined to serve God, you will feel an affectionate regard towards your masters and mistresses, and the whole family where you live, this will be seen by them, and tend to promote your liberty, especially with such as have feeling masters, and if they are otherwise you will have the favour and love of God dwell|ing in your hearts, which you will value more than any thing else, which will be a consolation in the worst conditi|on you can be in, and no master can deprive you of it; and as life is short and uncertain, and the chief end of our hav|ing a being in this world, is to be prepared for a better, we wish you to think of this more than any thing else: then will you have a view of that freedom which the sons of God enjoy; and if the troubles of your condition end with your lives, you will be admitted to the freedom which God hath prepared for those of all colours that love him; here the
我们向你提及我们的经历，以便你的心不会因你可能面临的令人沮丧的前景而沉重，并且你可以信任上帝，他看见你的状况，作为一个仁慈的父亲怜悯他的孩子们，上帝也怜悯那些爱他的人；当你的心倾向于侍奉上帝时，你会对你的主人和女主人以及你所居住的整个家庭产生深厚的感情，他们会看到这一点，并有助于促进你的自由，特别是对于那些有同情心的主人，如果他们不是这样，你将拥有上帝的恩惠和爱在你心中居住，你会比任何其他事物更珍视它，这将在你可能处于的最糟糕的情况下成为一种安慰，没有任何主人可以剥夺你这一点；而生活是短暂而不确定的，我们在这个世界上存在的主要目的，是为更好的生活做好准备，我们希望你比任何其他事情都更考虑这一点：那么你将看到神的儿子所享有的自由；如果你所处的困境以你的生命结束，你将被接纳进入上帝为所有爱他的人准备的自由；在这里，

power of the most cruel master ends, and all sorrow and tears are wiped away.
最残酷的主人的权力结束，所有的悲伤和眼泪都被抹去。

To you who are favoured with freedom; let your conduct manifest your gratitude toward the compassionate masters who have set you free, and let no rancour or ill-will lodge in your breasts for any bad treatment you may have receiv|ed from any; if you do, you transgress against God, who will not hold you guiltless, he would not suffer it even in his beloved people Israel, and can you think he will allow it unto us?
对于你们这些受到自由恩惠的人；让你们的行为表现出对那些让你们获得自由的仁慈主人们的感激之情，不要因任何人对你们的恶劣对待而心怀怨恨或恶意；如果你们这样做，就是在违背上帝，上帝不会让你们无罪，他甚至不会容忍在他所爱的以色列人民中出现这样的情况，你们能认为他会对我们放任不管吗？

There is much gratitude due from our colour towards the white people, very many of them are instruments in the hand of God for our good, even such as have held us in cap|tivity, are now pleading our cause with earnestness and zeal; and we are sorry to say, that too many think more of the evil, than of the good they have received, and in|stead of taking the advice of their friends, turn from it with indifference; much depends upon us for the help of our co|lour more than many are aware; if we are lazy and idle, the enemies of freedom plead it as a cause why we ought not to be free, and say we are better in a state of servitude, and that giving us our liberty would be an injury to us, and by such conduct we sterngthen the bands of oppression, and keep many in bondage who are more worthy than ourselves; we intreat you to consider the obligations we lay under, to help forward the cause of freedom, we who know how bitter the cup is of which the slave hath to drink, O how ought we to feel for those who yet remain in bondage? Will even our friends excuse, will God pardon us, for the part we act in making strong the hands of the enemies of our colour.
我们对白人有很多感激，他们中的许多人是上帝手中为我们好而存在的工具，甚至那些曾经囚禁我们的人，现在也在热切而热情地为我们辩护；我们遗憾地说，太多人更关注他们所遭受的恶，而不是他们所获得的善，而不是听取朋友的建议，而是对此漠不关心；我们的帮助对我们这个群体的未来至关重要，远比许多人意识到的要重要；如果我们懒惰和无所事事，自由的敌人就会以此为理由，认为我们不应该自由，并说我们在奴役状态下更好，给予我们自由将对我们造成伤害，而通过这样的行为，我们加强了压迫的枷锁，让许多比我们更有价值的人处于束缚之中；我们恳请你们考虑我们所承担的义务，帮助推动自由的事业，我们知道奴隶所要饮用的那杯是多么苦涩，哦，我们该如何为那些仍然处于奴役中的人感到心痛？即使是我们的朋友也会原谅我们吗，上帝会原谅我们吗，因我们在加强我们这个群体敌人的手中所扮演的角色。

A short Address to the Friends of Him who ha•••• no Helper.
对没有帮助的他的朋友们的一段简短致辞。

WE feel an inexpressible gratitude towards you, who have engaged in the cause of the African race; you have wrought a deliverance for many, from more than E|gyptian bondage, your labours are unremitted for their complete redemption, from the cruel subjection they are in. You feel our afflictions—you sympathize with us in the heart-rending distress, when the husband is separated from the wife, and the parents from the children, who are never more to meet in this world. The tear of sensibility trickles from your eye, to see the sufferings that keep us from increa|sing.
我们对您感到无以言表的感激，您为非洲人种的事业而努力；您为许多人带来了超越埃及奴役的解放，您不懈地为他们的完全救赎而劳作，摆脱他们所处的残酷压迫。您感受到我们的痛苦——在丈夫与妻子、父母与孩子永远无法在这个世界相见时，您与我们同感心碎的悲痛。看到这些使我们无法繁衍的苦难，您眼中流下了感动的泪水。

—Your righteous indignation is roused at the means taken to supply the place of the murdered babe. You see our race more effectually destroyed, than was in Pharaoh's power to effect, upon Israel's sons; you blow the trumpet against the mighty evil, you make the tyrants tremble; you strive to raise the slave, to the dignity of a man; you take our children by the hand, to lead them in the path of vir|tue, by your care of their education; you are not ashamed to call the most abject of our race, brethren, children of one father, who made of one blood all the nations of the earth: You ask for this, nothing for yourselves, nothing but what is worthy the cause you are engaged in; nothing but that we would be friends to ourselves, and not strengthen the bands of oppression, by an evil conduct, when led out of the house of bondage. May he, who hath arisen to plead our cause, and engaged you as volunteers in the service, add to your numbers, until the princes shall come forth from Egypt, and Ethiopia stretch out her hand unto God.
——你对谋杀婴儿的手段感到愤怒。你看到我们的种族被更有效地摧毁，甚至超过法老对以色列儿子的能力；你对强大的邪恶吹响号角，让暴君颤抖；你努力将奴隶提升到人的尊严；你牵着我们的孩子的手，引导他们走向美德的道路，关心他们的教育；你不羞于称呼我们种族中最卑微的人为兄弟，称他们为同一个父亲的孩子，这位父亲用一种血肉造就了地球上的所有民族：你为此请求，不为自己请求，只有为你所参与的事业所应得的；只有希望我们能成为自己的朋友，而不是通过邪恶的行为在被解放时加强压迫的枷锁。愿那位为我们辩护、并让你们作为志愿者参与服务的人，增加你们的数量，直到王子们从埃及走出，埃塞俄比亚向上帝伸出手。