| Manuscript # 手稿# | 2024GL109986R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Current Revision # 当前版本# | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Version 其他版本 | 2024GL109986 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Submission Date 提交日期 | 2024-07-28 10:37:33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current Stage 当前阶段 | Initial Quality Control Started Days in Folder: 1 文件夹中的初始质量控制开始天数：1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Title 标题 | Rapid acidification of the Arctic Chukchi Sea waters driven by anthropogenic forcing and biological carbon recycling 人为强迫和生物碳循环驱动的北极楚科奇海水快速酸化 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manuscript Type 稿件类型 | Research Letter 研究信函 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Special Collection 特别收藏 | N/A 不适用 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cover Letter 求职信 | Dear Dr. White, 亲爱的怀特博士， Thank you very much for your attention to this manuscript "Rapid acidification of the Arctic Chukchi Sea waters driven by anthropogenic forcing and biological carbon recycling" for a further revision and possible publication in Geophysical Research Letters. We are grateful to the time and efforts you have spent on chasing reviews, evaluating our manuscript, and providing us the opportunity for revision. We also appreciate the great efforts and constructive comments from the reviewer. We have now carefully improved the statistical analysis and revised the texts as suggested by the reviewers. 非常感谢您对这篇手稿“人为强迫和生物碳循环驱动的北极楚科奇海水的快速酸化”的关注，以便进一步修订并可能在《地球物理研究快报》上发表。我们感谢您花费时间和精力来寻求评论、评估我们的手稿并为我们提供修改的机会。我们也感谢审稿人的巨大努力和建设性意见。我们现在已经根据审稿人的建议仔细改进了统计分析并修改了文本。 Below, I summarize how we have addressed the issues raised by the reviewer. A point-by-point response is attached separately. 下面，我总结一下我们是如何解决审稿人提出的问题的。逐点答复单独附后。 Our primary changes have been to: 我们的主要变化是： (1) improve the statistical analysis and report only the significant trend (p<0.05). We found that nearly all the water masses have experienced significant acidification; (1)改进统计分析，仅报告显着趋势(p<0.05)。我们发现几乎所有的水团都经历了明显的酸化； (2) add into more related studies in the introduction and discussion part for comparison between this manuscript and those; (2)在引言和讨论部分加入更多的相关研究，以便本文与其他文献进行比较； (3) revise the figure captions which are vague in previous version. (3)修改了之前版本中含糊不清的图形说明。 We believe that these changes, together with other suggested edits, have substantially improved the manuscript. 我们相信这些更改以及其他建议的编辑已经大大改进了手稿。 Yours sincerely 此致 Prof. Di Qi on behalf of all authors 狄奇教授代表全体作者 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Authors 作者 |
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| Abstract 抽象的 | The acidification of coastal waters is distinguished from the open ocean because of much stronger synergistic effects between anthropogenic forcing and local biogeochemical processes. However, ocean acidification research is still rather limited in polar coastal oceans. Here, we present a 16-year (2002-2018) observational dataset in the Chukchi Sea to determine the long-term changes in pH and aragonite saturation state (Ωarag). We found that pH and Ωarag significantly declined in different water masses with average rates of -0.0047 ± 0.0016 year-1 and -0.0164 ± 0.0053 year-1, respectively, and are ~2-3 times faster than those solely due to increasing atmospheric CO2. We attributed the rapid acidification to the increased dissolved inorganic carbon owing to a combination of ice melt-induced increased atmospheric CO2 invasion and subsurface remineralization induced by a stronger surface biological production as a result of the increased inflow of the nutrient-rich Pacific water. 沿海水域的酸化与公海的酸化不同，因为人为强迫和当地生物地球化学过程之间存在更强的协同效应。然而，极地沿海海洋的海洋酸化研究仍然相当有限。在这里，我们提供了楚科奇海 16 年（2002-2018）的观测数据集，以确定 pH 值和文石饱和状态 (Ω arag ) 的长期变化。我们发现不同水团中 pH 值和 Ω arag显着下降，平均下降率分别为 -0.0047 ± 0.0016 年-1和 -0.0164 ± 0.0053 年-1 ，并且比仅由于大气增加而下降的速度快约 2-3 倍二氧化碳2 。我们将快速酸化归因于溶解无机碳的增加，这是由于冰融化引起的大气CO 2入侵增加以及营养丰富的太平洋水流入增加导致地表生物生产更强而引起的地下再矿化的结合。 |
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| Plain Language Summary 通俗易懂的语言总结 | Anthropogenic CO2 absorbed by the ocean leads to a lower pH and the calcium carbonate saturation state (Ω) and threatens the marine ecosystems state of healthiness via a process called ocean acidification (OA). The Arctic Ocean is particularly sensitive to OA because more CO2 can be dissolved in cold water. This study used the observations collected over 16 years from 2002 to 2018 to estimate long-term trends of Ωarag and pH in the Chukchi Sea. The results show that rapid acidification occurred throughout all water masses from 2002-2018, leading to or approaching aragonite undersaturation. The rapid acidification is attributed to the enhanced increasing concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon. While sea ice melt induced uptake of anthropogenic CO2 partly explains the long-term acidification, the remainder is due to the increased nutrient-rich Pacific inflow water which promotes the high biological CO2 utilization in the surface waters but leads to stronger subsurface acidification due to the regenerated CO2. We suggest that the acidity in Chukchi Arctic Shelf waters will increase in the future if the increased inflow of Pacific water continues. 海洋吸收的人为二氧化碳导致 pH 值和碳酸钙饱和状态 (Ω) 降低，并通过称为海洋酸化 (OA) 的过程威胁海洋生态系统的健康状态。北冰洋对 OA 特别敏感，因为更多的二氧化碳可以溶解在冷水中。本研究利用 2002 年至 2018 年 16 年间收集的观测数据来估计楚科奇海 Ωarag 和 pH 的长期趋势。结果表明，2002年至2018年期间，所有水体都发生了快速酸化，导致或接近文石欠饱和。快速酸化归因于溶解的无机碳浓度的增加。虽然海冰融化引起的人为二氧化碳吸收部分解释了长期酸化，但其余部分是由于营养丰富的太平洋流入水的增加，这促进了地表水中生物二氧化碳的高利用率，但由于再生二氧化碳。我们认为，如果太平洋海水流入量继续增加，未来楚科奇北极陆架水域的酸度将会增加。 |
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| Associate Editor 副主编 | Not Assigned 未分配 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Keyword(s) 关键字 | Ocean acidification, Arctic Chukchi Sea, Anthropogenic CO2, Biological carbon recycling, Climate change 海洋酸化、北极楚科奇海、人为二氧化碳、生物碳循环、气候变化 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Index Terms 索引术语 | 4806, 4207, 4805, 4217 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subset 子集 | Oceans (OCE) 海洋 (OCE) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funding Body Archiving Mandates 资助机构存档授权 |
MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC): Di Qi 41941013,42176230,41630969 最|国家自然科学基金(NSFC): 邸奇 41941013,42176230,41630969 |
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| Supporting Information (SI) 支持信息 (SI) | Yes 是的 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Key Points 关键点 | Please state the three main points of the article. The responses included here will be included with your final published paper. The key points should be complete statements and not duplications of your keywords or index terms. At least one key point is required. 请阐述文章的三个要点。此处包含的回复将包含在您最终发表的论文中。要点应该是完整的陈述，而不是关键字或索引词的重复。至少需要一个关键点。 Main point #1: (140 character limit including spaces) 要点#1：（140 个字符限制，包括空格） pH and Ωarag declined at -0.0047+/-0.0016 yr-1 and -0.0164+/-0.0053 yr-1 from 2002-2018, 2-3 times greater than atmospheric CO2 projected 从 2002 年到 2018 年，pH 值和 Ωarag 下降幅度为 -0.0047+/-0.0016 yr-1 和 -0.0164+/-0.0053 yr-1，比大气 CO2 预测值高 2-3 倍 Main point #2: (140 character limit including spaces) 要点#2：（140 个字符限制，包括空格） The enhanced acidification in the Chukchi Sea is mainly driven by increased DIC, owing to atmospheric CO2 uptake and biological activity 楚科奇海酸化加剧的主要原因是大气中二氧化碳的吸收和生物活动导致的 DIC 增加 Main point #3: (140 character limit including spaces) 要点#3：（140 个字符限制，包括空格） Aragonite undersaturation in PWW has been observed from 2010; other water masses are expected to encounter Ωarag < 1 within 15 years 从 2010 年起就观察到 PWW 中文石饱和度不足；其他水团预计在 15 年内遇到 Ωarag < 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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