1995年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷
1995 年 1 月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 大学英语六级考试(CET-6)真题试卷

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
第二部分 阅读理解（35 分钟）

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
问题 21 至 25 基于以下段落。

The process of perceiving other people is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly-perhaps with a two-second glance.
a 感知他人的过程很少被（对我们自己或他人）翻译成冷冰冰的、客观的术语。“她身高 5 英尺 8 英寸，有一头金发，穿着彩色裙子。”更常见的是，我们试图深入了解另一个人，以确定他的或她的态度、情感、动机、能力、想法和性格。此外，我们有时表现得好像能非常迅速地完成这项艰巨的任务——也许只需要两秒钟的观察。

We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’ behavior; observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-questions, self-disclosures (自我表露), and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically (讽刺性地) those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosure and truthful statements).
我们试图通过多种方式获取他人的信息。伯格提出了几种减少对他人的不确定性的方法：在不被注意的情况下观察一个人与他人互动，尤其是与你认识的人互动，以便你可以将观察到的行为与已知他人的行为进行比较；观察一个人在相对不受社会行为约束或需要广泛行为反应的情况下；故意构建物理或社会环境，以便观察人对特定刺激的反应；询问与这个人有过或经常接触的人关于他或她的信息；以及在面对面互动中使用各种策略来揭示关于另一个人的信息——提问、自我表露等。了解一个人是一项永无止境的任务，很大程度上是因为人们一直在变化，而我们用来获取信息的方法往往不够精确。你可能已经认识某人十年了，但对他了解仍然很少。 如果我们接受这样一个观点，即我们永远无法完全了解另一个人，这将使我们更容易处理那些阻碍准确了解的事物，如秘密和欺骗。它还将使我们不会对看似不一致的行为过于惊讶或震惊。讽刺的是，那些使我们无法深入了解另一个人（例如，秘密和欺骗）的事物，可能和那些使我们能够获得关于一个人的准确知识（例如，披露和真实陈述）的事物一样重要。

21. The word “pinpoint” (Para. 1, Line 3) basically means ________.
21. “pinpoint”（第 1 段，第 3 行）这个词基本上意味着__________。

A) appreciate
感谢

B) obtain
B) 获得

C) interpret
C) 解释

D) identify
D) 识别

22. What do we learn from the first paragraph?
22. 从第一段我们能学到什么？

A) People are better described in cold, objective terms.
A) 人们更适合用冷静、客观的词语来描述。

B) The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated.
B) 了解一个人的难度通常被低估。

C) One should not judge people by their appearances.
C) 不应该以貌取人。

D) One is usually subjective when assessing other people’s personality.
D) 评价他人性格时，人们通常带有主观性。

23. It can be inferred from Berger’s suggestions that ________.
23. 从伯格的建议中可以推断出 ________。

A) people do not reveal their true self on every occasion
A) 人们并非在每一个场合都展示真实的自我

B) in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directly
B) 在大多数情况下，我们应该避免直接联系观察对象

C) the best way to know a person is by making comparisons
C) 了解一个人的最好方式是通过比较

D) face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person
面对面交流是揭示个人信息的最佳策略

24. In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the author’s opinion, are ________.
24. 在发展个人关系时，作者认为秘密和欺骗是 ________。

A) personal matters that should be seriously dealt with
A) 应当认真处理的个人事务

B) barriers that should be done away with
B) 应该消除的障碍

C) as significant as disclosures and truthful statements
C) 与披露和真实陈述一样重要

D) things people should guard against
D) 应当防范的事情

25. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is ________.
25. 作者撰写该段落的目的是 ________。

A) to give advice on appropriate conduct for social occasions
A) 提供社交场合适当行为的建议

B) to provide ways of how to obtain information about people
B) 提供获取人们信息的方法

C) to call the reader’s attention to the negative side of people’s characters
C) 引起读者注意人们的性格的负面方面

D) to discuss the various aspects of getting to know people
D) 讨论了解人们的各个方面

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
第 26 至 30 题基于以下段落。

The competition among producers of personal computers is essentially a race to get the best, most innovative products to the marketplace. Marketers in this environment frequently have to make a judgement as to their competitors’ role when making marketing strategy decisions. If major competitors are changing their products, then a marketer may want to follow suit to remain competitive. Apple Computer, Inc. has introduced two new, faster personal computers, the Mackintosh II and Mackintosh SE, in anticipation of the introduction of a new PC by IBM, one of Apple’s major competitors.
个人电脑生产商之间的竞争本质上是一场争夺最佳、最具创新性产品的市场竞赛。在这种环境下，营销人员经常需要在制定营销策略决策时对竞争对手的角色做出判断。如果主要竞争对手正在改变他们的产品，那么营销人员可能想要效仿以保持竞争力。苹果电脑公司为了应对其主要竞争对手之一 IBM 推出新个人电脑的预期，推出了两款新的、更快的个人电脑，即 Macintosh II 和 Macintosh SE。

Apple’s new computers are much faster and more powerful than its earlier models. The improved Mackintosh is able to run programs that previously were impossible to run on an Apple PC, including IBM-compatible (兼容的) programs. This compatibility feature illustrates computer manufactures’ new attitude of giving customers the features they want. Making Apple computers capable of running IBM software is Apple’s effort at making the Mackintosh compatible with IBM computers and thus more popular in the office, where Apple hopes to increase sales. Users of the new Apple can also add accessories (附件) to make their machines specialize in specific uses, such as engineering and writing.
苹果的新电脑比早期型号快得多，功能也更强大。改进后的 Macintosh 能够运行之前在苹果 PC 上无法运行的程序，包括 IBM 兼容程序。这一兼容性功能体现了计算机制造商的新态度，即为客户提供他们想要的功能。使苹果电脑能够运行 IBM 软件是苹果努力使 Macintosh 与 IBM 电脑兼容，从而在办公室中更加受欢迎，苹果希望借此增加销量。新苹果电脑的用户还可以添加附件，使他们的机器专门用于特定用途，如工程和写作。

The new computers represent a big improvement over past models, but they also cost much more. Company officials do not think the higher price will slow down buyers who want to step up to a more powerful computer. Apple wants to stay in the high-price end of the personal computer market to finance research for even faster, more sophisticated computers.
新电脑相比过去型号有了很大改进，但价格也高得多。公司官员认为，更高的价格不会减缓想要升级到更强大电脑的买家。苹果希望保持在个人电脑市场的高价位端，以资助研发更快、更复杂的电脑。

Even though Apple and IBM are major competitors, both companies realize that their competitor’s computers have certain features that their own models do not. The Apple line has always been popular for its sophisticated color graphics (图形), whereas the IBM machines have always been favored in offices. In the future, there will probably be more compatibility between the two companies’ products, which no doubt will require that both Apple and IBM change marketing strategies.
尽管苹果和 IBM 是主要竞争对手，但两家公司都意识到，他们的竞争对手的电脑具有自己产品所不具备的某些功能。苹果系列因其复杂的彩色图形而一直受到欢迎，而 IBM 机器在办公室中一直受到青睐。未来，两家公司的产品之间可能会出现更多的兼容性，这无疑将要求苹果和 IBM 改变营销策略。

26. According to the passage, Apple Computer, Inc, has introduced the Mackintosh II and the Mackintosh SE because ________.
26. 根据文章，苹果电脑公司推出了 Macintosh II 和 Macintosh SE，因为 ________。

A) IBM is changing its computer models continuously
A) IBM 正在持续更新其计算机型号

B) it wants to make its machines specialize in specific uses
B) 它希望让机器专门用于特定用途

C) it wants to stay ahead of IBM in the competitive computer market
C) 它想在竞争激烈的计算机市场中领先于 IBM

D) it expects its major competitor IBM to follow its example
D) 它期望其主要竞争对手 IBM 效仿其做法

27. Apple hopes to increase Mackintosh sales chiefly by ________.
27. 苹果希望通过______主要增加 Mackintosh 的销售。

A) making its new models capable of running IBM software
A) 使其新模型能够运行 IBM 软件

B) improving the color graphics of its new models
B) 提升其新模型的彩色图形

C) copying the marketing strategies of IBM
C) 复制 IBM 的营销策略

D) giving the customers what they want
D) 给顾客他们想要的

28. Apple sells its new computer models at a high price because ________.
28. 苹果以高价销售其新款电脑型号，因为________。

A) they have new features and functions
A) 它们有新功能和特性

B) they are more sophisticated than other models
B) 它们比其他模型更复杂

C) they have new accessories attached
C) 他们附加了新的配件

D) it wants to accumulate funds for future research
D) 想要积累资金用于未来的研究

29. It can be inferred from the passage that both Apple and IBM try to gain a competitive advantage by ________.
29. 从文章中可以推断，苹果和 IBM 都试图通过______来获得竞争优势。

A) copying each other’s technology
A) 复制彼此的技术

B) incorporating features that make their products distinctive
B) 结合使他们的产品独特的特性

C) making their computer more expensive
C) 使他们的电脑更贵

D) making their computers run much faster
D) 使他们的电脑运行得更快

30. The best title for the passage would be ________.
30. 这段文字的最佳标题将是 ________。

A) Apple’s Efforts to Stay Ahead of IBM
A) 苹果公司保持领先于 IBM 的努力

B) Apple’s New Computer Technology
B) 苹果的新计算机技术

C) Apple’s New personal Computers
C) 苹果新款个人电脑

D) Apple’s Research Activities
D) 苹果的研究活动

Passage Three
第三段

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
问题 31 至 35 基于以下段落。

It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as “hard”, the social sciences as “soft”, and the biological sciences as somewhere in between. This is interpreted to mean that our knowledge of physical systems is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems, and these in turn are more certain than our knowledge of social systems. In terms of our capacity to sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable. We are able to sample earth’s social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated. Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.
这是一个有趣的悖论，我们认为自然科学是“硬”的，社会科学是“软”的，而生物科学则介于两者之间。这被解释为我们的对物理系统的知识比我们对生物系统的知识更确定，而这些知识又比我们对社会系统的知识更确定。然而，从我们采样相关宇宙的能力以及我们这些宇宙图像至少是近似正确的概率来看，一个相反的顺序似乎更合理。我们有信心采样地球的社会系统，因为我们有合理的样本来调查整个宇宙。因此，尽管我们在许多方面极其不准确，但我们的社会系统知识不太可能因新发现而被严重颠覆。 即使是在普通生活中基于赚钱、消费、组织、结婚、参与政治活动、战斗等社会系统上的民间知识，与从社会科学中得出的更复杂的社会系统形象也并不非常不同，尽管它是建立在非常不完美的个人经验样本之上的。

In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, of even of earth’s geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data comes in and new theories are worked out. If we define the “security” our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suffering significant changes, then we would reverse the order of hardness and see the social sciences as the most secure, the physical sciences as the least secure, and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between. Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial as compared with the rich records of the social systems, or even the limited records of biological systems. Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fact that we see distant things as they were long ago, are limited in the extreme.
相比之下，我们对天文宇宙的认识，甚至对地球地质历史的认识，都很容易随着新数据的出现和新理论的提出而经历革命性的变化。如果我们把我们对整个系统各个部分的“安全性”定义为它们经历重大变化的概率，那么我们就会颠倒硬度的顺序，把社会科学视为最安全的，物理学视为最不安全的，而生物学则介于两者之间。我们对于天文宇宙的认识是最不安全的，仅仅因为我们观察到的样本如此之小，而且与丰富的社会系统记录或有限的生物系统记录相比，其记录是微不足道的。尽管我们看到的是很久以前的事物，但天文宇宙的记录在极端上是有限的。

Even in regard to such a close neighbour as the moon, which we have actually visited, theories about its origin and history are extremely different, contradictory, and hard to choose among. Our knowledge of physical evolution is incomplete and highly insecure.
即使是对我们实际访问过的如此近的邻居——月球，关于其起源和历史的理论也极为不同、矛盾，难以选择。我们对物理演化的了解不完整且非常不安全。

31. The word “paradox” (Para. 1, Line 1) means “________”.
31. 词语“悖论”（第 1 段，第 1 行）的意思是“________”。

A) implication
A) 含义

B) contradiction
B) 矛盾

C) interpretation
C) 解释

D) confusion
D) 混乱

32. According to the author, we should reverse our classification of the physical sciences as “hard” and the social sciences as “soft” because ________.
32. 根据作者的观点，我们应该颠倒我们对自然科学“硬”和社会科学“软”的分类，因为 ________.

A) a reverse ordering will help promote the development of the physical sciences
A) 逆序排列将有助于促进物理学的发展

B) our knowledge of physical systems is more reliable than that of social systems
B) 我们对物理系统的了解比对社会系统的了解更可靠

C) our understanding of the social systems is approximately correct
C) 我们对社交系统的理解大致正确

D) we are better able to investigate social phenomena than physical phenomena
D) 我们比研究物理现象更能研究社会现象

33. The author believes that our knowledge of social systems is more secure than that of physical systems because ________.
33. 作者认为，我们对社会系统的了解比物理系统更安全，因为________。

A) it is not based on personal experience
A) 它不是基于个人经验

B) new discoveries are less likely to occur in social sciences
B) 新的发现不太可能在社会科学领域发生

C) it is based on a fairly representative quantity of data
C) 它基于相当有代表性的数据量

D) the records of social systems are more reliable
D) 社会制度的记录更可靠

34. The chances of the physical sciences being subject to great changes are the biggest because ________.
34. 物理科学发生巨大变化的几率最大，因为__________。

A) contradictory theories keep emerging all the time
A) 相互矛盾的学说不断涌现

B) new information is constantly coming in
B) 新信息不断传来

C) the direction of their development is difficult to predict
C) 他们的发展方向难以预测

D) our knowledge of the physical world is inaccurate
D) 我们对物理世界的认识是不准确的

35. We know less about the astronomical universe than we do about any social system because ________.
35. 我们对天体宇宙的了解不如对任何社会体系的了解，因为________。

A) theories of its origin and history are varied
A) 关于其起源和历史的理论各不相同

B) our knowledge of it is highly insecure
B) 我们对它的了解非常不安全

C) only a very small sample of it has been observed
C) 只有非常小的一部分被观察到

D) few scientists are involved in the study of astronomy
D) 很少有科学家参与天文学研究

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following.
问题 36 至 40 基于以下内容。

In the early days of nuclear power, the United States made money on it. But today opponents have so complicated its development that no nuclear plants have been ordered or built here in 12 years.
在核能的早期，美国从中获利。但如今，反对者使得其发展变得如此复杂，以至于 12 年来这里没有订购或建造任何核电站。

The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor “meltdown” (堆内熔化). Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten U.S. public health are very little. But to even further reduce the possibility, engineers are testing new reactors that rely not on human judgement to shut them down but on the laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reactors in Japan. But don’t expect them ever on U.S. shores unless things change in Washington.
核能反对者最大的恐惧一直是反应堆“熔毁”（堆内熔化）。如今，发生可能威胁美国公众健康的熔毁事件的可能性非常小。但为了进一步降低可能性，工程师们正在测试新的反应堆，这些反应堆不是依靠人类判断来关闭，而是依靠自然法则。现在通用电气已经在日本建造了两座先进的反应堆。但除非华盛顿发生变化，否则不要期待它们会出现在美国海岸。

The procedure for licensing nuclear power plants is a bad dream. Any time during, or even after, construction, an objection by any group or individual can bring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to court. Meanwhile, the builder must add nice-but-not-necessary improvements, some of which force him to knock down walls and start over. In every case where a plant has been opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately granted a license to construct or operate. But the victory often costs so much that the utility ends up abandoning the plant anyway.
核电站许可程序是一场噩梦。在建设期间，甚至在建设之后，任何团体或个人提出的反对意见都可能使一切暂停，直到问题得到调查或提交法庭。同时，建造者必须添加一些既好又非必要的改进，其中一些迫使他将墙壁拆除并重新开始。在所有反对核电站的案例中，核管理委员会最终都授予了建设或运营的许可。但胜利往往代价高昂，以至于公用事业最终不得不放弃该电站。

A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New York’s Long Island. Shoreham was a virtual twin to the Millstone plant in Connecticut, both ordered in the mid-’60s. Millstone, completed for $101 million, has been generating electricity for two decades. Shoreham, however, was singled out by anti-nuclear activists who, by sending in endless protests, drove the cost over $5 billion and delayed its use for many years.
一个典型的例子是纽约长岛上的肖尔汉姆工厂。肖尔汉姆是康涅狄格州米尔斯顿工厂的孪生兄弟，两者都是在 20 世纪 60 年代中期订购的。米尔斯顿工厂耗资 1.01 亿美元建成，已经发电 20 年了。然而，肖尔汉姆却被反核活动家选中，他们通过不断发起抗议，使成本超过 50 亿美元，并推迟了其使用多年。

Shoreham finally won its operation license. But the plant has never produced a watt of power. Governor Mario Cuomo, an opponent of a Shoreham start-up, used his power to force New York’s public-utilities commission to accept the following settlement; the power company could pass the cost of Shoreham along to its consumers only if it agreed not to operate the plant! Today, a perfectly good facility, capable of servicing hundreds of homes, sits rusting.
肖厄姆终于获得了运营许可证。但该工厂从未生产过一度电。马里奥·库默州长，一位反对肖厄姆启动的人，利用他的权力迫使纽约公共事业委员会接受以下和解；电力公司只有在同意不运营该工厂的情况下，才能将肖厄姆的成本转嫁给消费者！如今，一个完全可以使用的设施，能够服务数百个家庭，却生锈地闲置着。

36. What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a bad dream?
36. 是什么让核电站许可程序成为一场噩梦？

A) The inefficiency of the Nuclear Regulation commission.
A) 核能监管委员会的低效率。

B) The enormous cost of construction and operation.
B) 建设和运营的巨大成本。

C) The length of time it takes to make investigations.
C) 进行调查所需的时间长度。

D) The objection of the opponents of nuclear power.
D) 核能反对者的反对意见。

37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that ________.
37. 从第二段可以推断出 ________。

A) it is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power plants in the U.S.
A) 阻止在美国建设核电站的不是技术难题。

B) there are not enough safety measures in the U.S. for running new nuclear power plants
B) 美国在运行新核电站方面缺乏足够的安全措施

C) there are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U.S.
C) 美国已经有比必要的更多的核电站。

D) the American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to be installed in the U.S.
美国政府不会允许在日本核反应堆在美国安装。

38. Any objection, however trivial it may be, can ________.
38. 无论多么微不足道，任何反对意见都可以 ________。

A) force the power companies to cancel the project
A) 迫使电力公司取消该项目

B) delay the construction or operation of a nuclear plant
B) 延迟核电站的建设或运营

C) cause a serious debate within the Nuclear Regulation Commission
C) 在核管理委员会内部引发严重辩论

D) take the builders to court
D) 将建筑商告上法庭

39. Governor Mario’s chief intention in proposing the settlement was to ________.
39. 意大利州州长马里奥提出和解的主要意图是为了 ________。

A) stop the Shoreham plant from going into operation
A) 停止 Shoreham 工厂投入运营

B) help the power company to solve its financial problems
B) 帮助电力公司解决其财务问题

C) urge the power company to further increase its power supply
C)敦促电力公司进一步增加电力供应

D) permit the Shoreham plant to operate under certain conditions
D) 允许肖恩豪姆工厂在特定条件下运行

40. The author’s attitude towards the development of nuclear power is ________.
40. 作者对核能发展的态度是 ________。

A) negative
A) 负面

B) neutral
B) 中立

C) positive
C) 正面

D) questioning
D)质疑

1995年1月六级参考答案
1995 年 1 月六级参考答案 六级参考答案

Part II
第二部分

21. D 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. D

26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A

31. B 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C

36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. B

1995年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷
1995 年 6 月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 大学英语六级考试(CET-6)真题试卷

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
第二部分 阅读理解（35 分钟）

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
问题 21 至 25 基于以下段落。

A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It all translates to a fundamental change in the way we work. Already we’re partly there. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise. More women are in the work force than ever before. There are more part-time jobs. More people are self-employed. But the breadth of the economic transformation can’t be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers—all these are being challenged.
新时代已经到来。你可以称之为服务经济、信息时代、知识社会。这一切都意味着我们工作方式的根本变革。我们已经部分地实现了这一点。在西方国家，靠制造东西谋生的人的比例已经大幅下降。如今，在美国、欧洲和日本（许多这些国家的比例超过三分之二），大多数工作都在服务业，而且这个数字还在上升。比以往任何时候都有更多的女性加入劳动力大军。兼职工作更多了。更多的人成为自雇人士。但经济转型的广度不仅仅可以用数字来衡量，因为它还在催生一种关于工作本质的全新思维方式。关于工作和职业的长期观念、成功所需的技能，甚至个人与雇主之间的关系——所有这些都在受到挑战。

We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip (集成块), would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. Tomorrow’s achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar wave of dramatic changes. But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth. Computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write. The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be valued above all else. If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant. It will be the way you do your job.
我们只需回顾过去，就能对可能发生的事情有所了解。展望 20 年，没有人能够预见到一个单一发明——芯片（集成块），凭借其在个人电脑、数字通信和工厂机器人中的应用，将如何改变我们的世界。明天的生物技术、人工智能或甚至一些尚未想象到的技术可能会引发类似的巨大变革。但有一点是肯定的：信息和知识将变得更加重要，拥有它们的人，无论他们从事制造业还是服务业，都将拥有优势并创造财富。计算机知识将像阅读和写作能力一样成为基本要求。通过应用信息解决问题而不是执行常规任务的能力将比其他一切更受重视。如果你展望 10 年后，信息服务将占主导地位。这将是你工作的方式。

21. A characteristic of the information age is that ________.
21. 信息时代的一个特征是 ________。

A) the service industry is relying more and more on the female work force
A) 服务业越来越依赖女性劳动力

B) manufacturing industries are steadily increasing
B) 制造业稳步增长

C) people find it harder and harder to earn a living by working in factories
C)人们发现越来越难以通过在工厂工作来谋生

D) most of the job opportunities can now be found in the service industry
D) 大多数工作机会现在可以在服务业找到

22. One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that ________.
22. 知识社会带来的巨大变化之一是 ________。

A) the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificant
A) 员工和雇主之间的区别已经变得微不足道

B) people’s traditional concepts about work no longer hold true
B) 人们对工作的传统观念不再成立

C) most people have to take part-time jobs
C) 大多数人不得不做兼职工作

D) people have to change their jobs from time to time
D) 人们必须时不时地更换工作

23. By referring to computers and other inventions, the author means to say that ________.
23. 通过提及计算机和其他发明，作者意在表达 ________。

A) people should be able to respond quickly to the advancement of technology
A) 人们应该能够快速应对技术的进步

B) future achievements in technology will bring about inconceivable dramatic changes
B) 未来的科技成就将带来难以想象的巨大变化

C) the importance of high technology has been overlooked
C) 高科技的重要性被忽视了

D) computer science will play a leading role in the future information services
D) 计算机科学将在未来的信息服务中扮演主导角色

24. The future will probably belong to those who ________.
24. 未来可能属于那些______的人。

A) possess and know how to make use of information
A) 拥有并知道如何利用信息

B) give full play to their brain potential
B) 充分发挥他们的脑力潜能

C) involve themselves in service industries
C) 涉及服务业

D) cast their minds ahead instead of looking back
D) 把他们的思想向前看，而不是向后看

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
25. 以下哪个标题最适合这段文字？

A) Computers and the Knowledge Society
A) 计算机 与 知识型社会

B) Service Industries in Modern Society
B) 现代社会的服务业

C) Features and Implications of the New Era
C) 新时代的特征和影响

D) Rapid Advancement of Information Technology
D) 信息技术快速发展

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
第 26 至 30 题基于以下段落。

Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants (被告). But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.
美丽一直被视为值得赞扬的东西。几乎每个人都认为有吸引力的人更快乐、更健康，拥有更好的婚姻和更令人尊敬的职业。个人顾问为他们提供更好的求职建议。甚至法官对有吸引力的被告（被告）也更宽容。但在管理层，美丽可能成为一种负担。

While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman.
而吸引力对于正在攀登管理层阶梯的男人来说是一个积极的因素，但对于女性来说则是有害的。

Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success.
英俊的男性高管被认为比长相平凡的男性更有诚信；人们认为努力和能力是他们成功的原因。

Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.
有吸引力的女性高管被认为不如无吸引力的女性高管有诚信；她们的成就不是归因于能力，而是归因于运气等因素。

All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.
所有不吸引人的女性高管被认为比吸引人的女性高管更有正直感和能力。有趣的是，然而，不吸引人的一夜成名的成功更多归因于个人关系，而不是能力，这与吸引人的成功形成对比。

Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine (女性的) and an attractive man more masculine (男性的) than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the “masculine” qualities required.
为什么被认为有吸引力的女性不具备能力？被认为有吸引力的女性被认为比不那么有吸引力的女性更女性化（女性的），而男性则更男性化（男性的）。因此，有吸引力的女性在传统女性工作中具有优势，但在传统男性职位上的有吸引力的女性似乎缺乏所需的“男性”品质。

This is true even in politics. “When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,” says Ann Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduates to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.
这是真的，即使在政治领域。安·鲍曼说：“当唯一的线索是他或她的外表时，人们对待男性和女性的方式不同。”她最近发表了一项关于吸引力对政治候选人影响的研究。她要求 125 名本科生按吸引力顺序对两组照片进行排名，一组是男性，一组是女性。学生们被告知这些照片是政治职务候选人的照片。然后他们被要求再次排名，按照他们投票的顺序。

The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.
结果显示，吸引人的男性完全击败了不吸引人的男性，但被评为最吸引人的女性总是得到最少的投票。

26. The word “liability” (Para. 1. Line 4) most probably means “________”.
26. 词语“liability”（第 1 段第 4 行）最可能的意思是“________”。

A) misfortune
不幸

B) instability
B) 不稳定

C) disadvantage
C) 缺点

D) burden
D) 负担

27. In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness ________.
27. 在传统女性职业中，吸引力 ________。

A) reinforces the feminine qualities required
A) 加强了所需的女性特质

B) makes women look more honest and capable
B) 让女性看起来更诚实和有能力

C) is of primary importance to women
C）对女性至关重要

D) often enables women to succeed quickly
D) 通常使女性能够快速成功

28. Bowman’s experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness ________.
28. 勞姆的实验揭示，当涉及到政治时，吸引力 ________。

A) turns out to be an obstacle
A) 结果成为障碍

B) affects men and women alike
B) 影响男性和女性 alike

C) has as little effect on men as on women
C) 对男性和女性影响都一样小

D) is more of an obstacle than a benefit to women
D）对女性来说，更多的是障碍而非利益

29. It can be inferred from the passage that people’s views on beauty are often ________.
29. 从文章中可以推断，人们对美的看法通常是 ________。

A) practical
A) 实际的

B) prejudiced
B) 偏见的

C) old-fashioned
C) 旧式的

D) radical
D) 汉字部首

30. The author writes this passage to ________.
30. 作者写这段话是为了 ________。

A) discuss the negative aspects of being attractive
A) 讨论吸引人的负面影响

B) give advice to job-seekers who are attractive
B) 给求职者提供建议，他们很有吸引力

C) demand equal rights for women
C) 女性平等权利

D) emphasize the importance of appearance
D) 强调外观的重要性

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
问题 31 至 35 基于以下段落。

The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the “how to” material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.
访谈在印刷和广播记者工作中的重要性及关注点反映在关于这一主题的几本书中。这些书中的大部分，以及几个章节，主要在但不限于新闻和广播手册以及报道文本中，强调新闻采访的“如何做”方面，而不是访谈的概念方面、其背景和影响。大部分“如何做”的材料基于个人经验和一般印象。正如我们所知，在新闻界和其他领域，通过系统地研究专业实践，我们可以学到很多东西。这种研究汇集了证据，从中可以发展出广泛的普遍原则。

There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical (经验的) aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis (诊断) and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.
存在越来越多的新闻和广播领域的学术研究文献，但关于访谈本身的研究却很少受到重视。另一方面，关于新闻以外的领域的访谈的许多一般性文本和众多研究文章已经被撰写。许多这些书籍和文章都介绍了访谈的理论和经验方面，以及访谈者的培训。不幸的是，关于访谈的丰富的一般性文献很少关注新闻访谈。一般性访谈文献没有涉及新闻访谈的事实似乎令人惊讶，原因有两个。首先，似乎大多数现代西方社会的人对新闻访谈比其他任何形式的访谈都更为熟悉，至少在积极的意义上是这样。我们中大多数人可能对临床访谈有些熟悉，比如由医生和心理学家进行的访谈。 在这些情况下，专业人士或面试官对获取诊断和治疗寻求帮助的人所需的信息感兴趣。另一个熟悉的情况是工作面试。然而，我们中很少有人真正被大众媒体，尤其是电视亲自采访过。然而，由于我们作为读者、听众和观众的角色，我们对新闻采访有生动的了解。即便如此，对新闻采访，尤其是电视采访的真正理解，需要深思熟虑的分析甚至研究，正如这本书所指出的。

31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ________.
31. 第一段的主要思想是 ________。

A) generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalism
A) 新闻采访的普遍原则是新闻写作者的主要关注点

B) importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing
B) 应重视新闻采访的系统研究

C) concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing
C) 概念和语境含义在新闻采访中属于次要地位

D) personal experience and general impression should be excluded from journalistic interviews
D) 个人经验和一般印象应排除在新闻采访之外

32. Much research has been done on interviews in general ________.
32. 在一般访谈方面已经进行了大量研究 ________。

A) so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened
A) 因此，新闻采访员的培训也得到了加强

B) though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn’t received much attention
B) 尽管对面试技巧的研究并未得到太多关注

C) but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected
C) 但不幸的是，新闻采访作为一个特定领域却遭到了忽视

D) and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing
D) 并且新闻采访的研究也经历了显著增长

33. Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview, ________.
33. 西方人对新闻采访很熟悉，________。

A) but most of them wish to stay away from it
A) 但他们中的大多数希望远离它

B) and many of them hope to be interviewed some day
B) 并且他们中的许多人希望有朝一日能接受采访

C) and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it
C) 而且他们中的许多人希望真正理解它

D) but most of them may not have been interviewed in person
D) 但他们中的大多数可能没有被亲自采访过

34. Who is the interviewee in a clinical interview?
34. 临床访谈中的访谈对象是谁？

A) The patient.
A) 病人。

B) The physician.
B) 医生。

C) The journalist.
C) 记者

D) The psychologist.
D) 心理学家。

35. The text is most likely a part of a ________.
35. 这段文字很可能是某个 ________ 的一部分。

A) news article
A) 新闻文章

B) journalistic interview
B) 新闻采访

C) research report
C) 研究报告

D) preface
D) 前言

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
问题 36 至 40 基于以下段落。

The relationship between the home and market economies has gone through two distinct stages. Early industrialization began the process of transferring some production processes (e.g. clothmaking, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the marketplace. Although the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes were laborious (费力的) and the market economy was usually more efficient. Soon, the more important second stage was evident-the marketplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them (e.g. Electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care). In the second stage, the question of whether the home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home, such as in nursing the sick, became socially unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less successful).
家庭经济与市场经济的关系经历了两个截然不同的阶段。早期工业化开始了将一些生产过程（如织布、缝纫和罐装食品）从家庭转移到市场的过程。尽管家庭经济仍然可以生产这些商品，但这些过程是费力的，而市场经济通常更有效率。很快，更为重要的第二阶段变得明显——市场开始生产家庭经济从未生产过的商品和服务，家庭经济无法生产它们（例如电力和电器、汽车、高等教育、复杂的医疗服务）。在第二阶段，关于家庭经济在生产和这些新商品和服务方面是否效率更低的问题已无关紧要；如果家庭要享受工业化的果实，他们必须在市场上获得。在家庭中满足这些需求的传统方式，如照顾病人，变得在社会上不可接受（在大多数严重情况下，可能还不太成功）。

Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse-drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of background music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtaining these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers. The neoclassical (新古典主义的) model that views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be applied to the second (and current) stage.
正如汽车的出现使马车使用变得非法和不切实际，电视的出现将广播从娱乐来源转变为背景音乐来源一样，经济增长的大部分成果并没有增加家庭经济在市场上生产商品或服务或购买它们的选项。增长带来了消费品种类的增加，但并没有增加家庭经济获取这些商品和服务的灵活性。相反，经济增长带来了消费者对市场的依赖增加。为了消费这些新的商品和服务，家庭必须作为工资收入者和消费者进入市场。将家庭视为决定是否直接生产商品和服务或从市场上购买的新古典主义模型基本上是第一阶段的一个模型。它不能准确应用于第二阶段（和当前阶段）。

36. The reason why many production processes were taken over by the marketplace was that ________.
36. 许多生产过程被市场接管的原因是 ________。

A) it was a necessary step in the process of industrialization
A) 这是工业化过程中的一个必要步骤

B) they depended on electricity available only to the market economy
B) 他们依赖于只有市场经济才能提供的电力

C) it was troublesome to produce such goods in the home
C) 在家里生产这样的商品很麻烦

D) the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes
D) 该市场在这些流程方面更有效率

37. It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage ________.
37. 从文章中可以看出，在第二阶段 ________.

A) some traditional goods and services were not successful when provided by the home economy
A) 一些传统商品和服务在家经济提供时并不成功

B) the market economy provided new goods and services never produced by the home economy
B) 市场经济提供了家庭经济从未生产过的新商品和服务

C) producing traditional goods at home became socially unacceptable
C) 在家中生产传统商品变得在社会上不可接受

D) whether new goods and services were produced by the home economy became irrelevant
D) 家庭经济是否生产了新的商品和服务变得无关紧要

38. During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services, they had to enter the marketplace ________.
38. 在第二阶段，如果家庭想要消费新产品和服务，他们必须进入市场________。

A) as wage earners
A) 作为工资收入者

B) both as manufactures and consumers
B) 既是制造商又是消费者

C) both as workers and purchasers
C) 既是工人又是购买者

D) as customers
D) 作为客户

39. Economic growth did not make it more flexible for the home economy to obtain the new goods and services because ________.
39. 经济增长并没有使家庭经济在获取新商品和服务方面变得更加灵活，因为 ________.

A) the family was not efficient in production
A) 这家人在生产上效率不高

B) it was illegal for the home economy to produce them
B) 家庭经济生产它们是非法的

C) it could not supply them by itself
C) 它自己无法提供它们

D) the market for these goods and services was limited
D) 这些商品和服务的市场有限

40. The neoclassical model is basically a model of the first stage, because at this stage ________.
40. 新古典模型基本上是第一阶段的一个模型，因为在这个阶段 ________。

A) the family could rely either on the home economy or on the marketplace for the needed goods and services
A) 这个家庭可以依靠家庭经济或市场来获取所需的商品和服务

B) many production processes were being transferred to the marketplace
B) 许多生产流程正在转移到市场

C) consumers relied more and more on the market economy
C) 消费者越来越依赖市场经济

D) the family could decide how to transfer production processes to the marketplace
D) 家庭可以决定如何将生产流程转移到市场上

1995年6月六级参考答案
1995 年 6 月六级参考答案 六级参考答案

Part II
第二部分

21. D 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. C

26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A

31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D

36. D 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. A

1996年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷
1996 年 1 月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 大学英语六级考试(CET-6)历年真题

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
第二部分 阅读理解（35 分钟）

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is following by some questions or unfinished statements-For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
说明：本部分有 4 篇阅读文章。每篇文章后都附有一些问题或不完整的陈述——对于每个问题，都有四个选项标记为 A）、B）、C）和 D）。你应该选择最佳选项，并在答题卡上用单线穿过中心标记相应的字母。

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
问题 21 至 25 基于以下段落：

Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things”—physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used—that a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of “things” in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures it the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictures in art. Through the study of instruments, as well preserved Paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Neat East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near eastern influence to Europe that results in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.
物质文化指的是文化产生的可触摸、有形的“事物”——可见、可握、可触、可用的物理对象。通过考察一个文化的工具和技术，我们可以了解该群体的历史和生活方式。同样，对音乐物质文化的研究可以帮助我们理解音乐文化。其中最生动的“事物”当然是乐器。在 1870 年代留声机发明之前，我们无法亲自听到任何音乐表演的实际声音，因此我们依赖乐器来获取关于遥远过去和它们发展的音乐文化的重要信息。在这里，我们有两种类型的证据：保存完好的乐器和艺术作品中的乐器图片。通过研究乐器，以及保存完好的绘画、书面文件等，我们可以探索音乐从一千多年前从东亚传入中国的运动，或者概述近东影响传播到欧洲，导致交响乐团大多数乐器发展的过程。

Sheet music or printed music, too is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in with people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research show mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America, printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.
乐谱或印刷音乐也是物质文化。学者们曾将民间音乐文化定义为人们通过听觉而非印刷品学习唱歌的文化，但研究显示在过去几个世纪中，欧洲、英国和美国口头和书面来源之间存在相互影响，印刷版本限制了多样性，因为它们倾向于使任何歌曲标准化，但它们也刺激人们创作新的不同歌曲。此外，阅读乐谱的能力对音乐家以及当它变得普遍时对整个音乐文化都有深远的影响。

One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out the influence of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This all part of the “information revolution,” a twentieth century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modem nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the globe.
音乐物质文化的一个重要组成部分应该是电子媒体的影响——收音机、录音机、磁带录像机、电视和录像带，未来还有可能出现的会说话和唱歌的计算机以及其他发展。这一切都是“信息革命”的一部分，这是 20 世纪的一个现象，其重要性不亚于 19 世纪的工业革命。这些电子媒体不仅限于现代国家；它们已经影响了全球的音乐文化。

21. Research into the material culture of a nation’s of great importance ________.
21. 对一个国家物质文化的研究具有重要意义。

A) it helps produce new cultural tools and technology
A) 它有助于产生新的文化和科技工具

B) it can reflect the development of the nation
B) 可以反映国家的发展

C) it helps understand the nation’s Fast and present
C) 有助于理解国家的快速和现在

D) it can demonstrate the nation’s civilization
D) 它可以展示国家的文明

22. It can be learned from this passage that ________.
22. 从这段文字中可以了解到 ________。

A) the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese music
A) 交响乐的存在归因于近东和中国音乐的传播

B) Near Eastern music had influence on the of the instruments in the symphony orchestra
B) 中东音乐对交响乐团中的乐器产生了影响

C) the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western music
C) 交响曲的发展展示了东西方音乐的相互影响

D) the musical instruments in the symphony basis of Near Eastern music
D) 近东音乐交响乐基础中的乐器

23. According to the author, music notation is important because ________.
23. 根据作者的说法，音乐符号的重要性在于 ________。

A) it has a great effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read it
A) 它对音乐文化产生了巨大影响，因为越来越多的人能够阅读它

B) it tends to standard folk sings when it is used by folk musicians
B) 当被民间音乐家使用时，它倾向于标准化民间歌曲

C) it is the printed version of standardized folk music
C) 它是标准民间音乐的印刷版

D) it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs
D) 鼓励人们普及歌曲的印刷版本

24. It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music ________.
24. 从文章中可以得出结论，电子媒体进入音乐世界__________。

A) has brought about an information revolution
A) 引发了信息革命

B) has speeded up the arrival of a new generation of computers
B) 加速了新一代计算机的到来

C) has given rise to new forms of music culture
C）催生了新的音乐文化形式

D) has given to the transformation of traditional musical instruments
D）对传统乐器的改造给予了支持

25. Which of the following best summarized the main idea of the passage?
25. 以下哪项最能概括文章的主旨？

A) Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner later be replaced by computers.
A) 随着时间的推移，乐器迟早会被计算机所取代。

B) Music cannot be passed on to future generation unless it is recorded.
B) 音乐除非被记录下来，否则无法传给下一代。

C) Folk songs cannot spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.
C) 民歌除非印在乐谱上，否则无法远播。

D) The development of music culture is highly dependent or its material aspect.
D) 音乐文化的发展高度依赖于其物质方面。

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
第 26 至 30 题基于以下段落。

The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world’s great writers. Before considering this question, it will useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for some thing which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and vice of one another.
战争是否不可避免的问题一直困扰着许多世界著名作家。在考虑这个问题之前，介绍一些相关概念将是有用的。冲突，定义为针对彼此的社会实体之间的对立，与竞争相区别，竞争是指社会实体独立地为某些短缺的资源而奋斗。竞争者可能不知道彼此，而冲突的各方则知道。冲突和竞争是相互对立的。

Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.
对立因此与协作形成对比，协作是社会实体相互服务的过程。这些定义是必要的，因为强调在资源有限的世界中，个人或群体之间的竞争是不可避免的，但冲突不是。然而，冲突很可能发生，并且可能是人类社会的一个基本且可取的元素。

Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however this struggle in nature’s competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meet-eating animals. Those who fail in competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.
许多作者从这样一个前提出发，即动物物种之间生存斗争中，只有最适应者才能生存，从而论证战争不可避免。然而，总的来说，这种自然界竞争中的斗争，并非冲突。如猴子、牛等社会性动物，为了赢得或维持群体的领导地位而战斗。生存斗争并不发生在这样的战斗中，而是在有限觅食区域和免受捕食动物侵扰的区域占有竞争中。在竞争中失败者会饿死或成为其他物种的受害者。这种生存斗争并不像人类战争，而是个人为了工作、市场和材料而进行的竞争。斗争的本质是竞争那些不足以满足所有人的生活必需品。

Among nations there is competition in developing resources trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.
各国在开发资源贸易、技能和满意的生活方式方面存在竞争。成功的国家会发展和繁荣；不成功的则会衰落。虽然这种竞争可能会引发以牺牲他人为代价扩张领土的努力，从而导致冲突，但不能说国家间的战争冲突是不可避免的，尽管竞争是。

26. In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some term in order to ________.
26. 在第一段中，作者给出了某些术语的定义，以便于________。

A) argue for the similarities between and human societies
A) 为人类社会的相似性进行论证

B) smooth out the conflicts in human societies
B) 缓解人类社会中的冲突

C) distinguish between two kinds of opposition
C) 区分两种反对类型

D) summarize the that characteristic features of opposition and cooperation
D) 总结对立和合作的特征

27. According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that ________.
27. 根据作者的说法，竞争与冲突的不同之处在于 ________。

A) it results in war in most cases
A) 在大多数情况下导致战争

B) it induces efforts to expand territory
B) 它促使人们努力扩张领土

C) it is kind of opposition among aria entities
C) 在 aria 实体之间存在某种对立

D) it is essentially a struggle for existence
D) 它本质上是一场生存斗争

28. The phrase “function in the disservice of one another” (Para. 1) most probably means “________”.
28. 该短语“相互损害的功能”（第 1 段）最可能意味着“________”。

A) betray each other
A) 相互背叛

B) harm one another
B) 互相伤害

C) help to collaborate with each other
C) 帮助彼此协作

D) benefit on another
D) 对另一方的利益

29. The author indicates in the passage that conflict ________.
29. 作者在段落中指出，冲突________。

A) is an inevitable struggle resulting from competition
A) 是由竞争产生的不可避免斗争

B) reflects the struggle among social animals
B) 反映了社会性动物之间的斗争

C) is an opposition among individual social animals
C) 是个体社会动物之间的对立

D) can be avoided
D) 可以避免

30. The passage is probably intended to answer the question “________”.
30. 这段文字可能旨在回答“________”这个问题。

A) Is war inevitable?
A) 战争是不可避免的吗？

B) Why is there conflict and competition?
B) 为什么会有冲突和竞争？

C) Is conflict desirable?
C) 冲突是否可取？

D) Can competition lead to conflict?
D) 竞争会导致冲突吗？

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
问题 31 至 35 基于以下段落。

As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computer is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all. The early electronic computer did not have much going for it except a marvelous memory and some good math skills. But today the best models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an argument, ask proper questions and write poetry and write poetry and music. They can also carry on somewhat puzzling conversations.
正如萨缪尔·约翰逊博士在另一个时代关于女士布道所说，令人惊讶的不是计算机思考不如人类，而是它们竟然会思考。早期的电子计算机除了拥有惊人的记忆力和一些良好的数学技能外，并没有太多优势。但如今，最好的模型可以通过经验学习，跟随论点，提出恰当的问题，创作诗歌和音乐。它们还可以进行一些令人困惑的对话。

Computers imitate life. As computer get more complex, the imitation gets better. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. In another 15 years or so, we will the computer as a new form of life.
计算机模仿生命。随着计算机变得越来越复杂，模仿得越来越好。最终，原版和副本之间的界限变得模糊。大约 15 年后，我们将把计算机视为一种新的生命形式。

The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives car can be programmed into the computer’s brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival.
观点似乎很荒谬，因为首先，计算机缺乏生物的驱动力和情感。但汽车的驱动力可以被编程到计算机的大脑中，就像自然将它们编程到我们人类的大脑中一样，作为生存工具的一部分。

Computers match people in some roles, and when fast decisions are needed in a crisis, they often surpass them. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. Throw too many things at the brain one time and it freezes up.
计算机在某些角色上与人类相匹配，在危机中需要快速决策时，它们往往超越人类。人类大脑在生活节奏较慢时进化，具有固有的缺陷，阻止它同时吸收多个信息流并快速行动。一次性向大脑投入太多东西，它就会冻结。

We are still control, but the capabilities of computer are increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence is changing slowly, if as all. Computer power has increased ten times every eight years since 1946. In the 1990s, when the sixth generation appears, the reasoning power of an intelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain.
我们仍然掌控着局面，但计算机的能力以惊人的速度增长，而原始的人类智能则缓慢变化，如果有的话。自 1946 年以来，计算机的功率每八年增加十倍。在 20 世纪 90 年代，当第六代出现时，由硅制成的智能推理能力将开始与人类大脑相匹配。

That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. Judging by the he past, we can expect that a new species will arise out of man, surpassing his achievements those of his predecessor. Only a carbon chemistry enthusiast would assume that the new species must be man’s flesh-and-blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more I likely to be made of silicon.
这并不意味着地球上的智力进化已经结束。从过去判断，我们可以预期，一个新的物种将从人类中产生，超越其前辈的成就。只有一位碳化学爱好者才会认为新的物种必须是人类的血肉后代。这种新型的智能生命更有可能由硅制成。

31. What do you suppose the attitude of Dr. Samuel Johnson towards ladies preaching?
31. 你认为塞缪尔·约翰逊博士对女士布道的态度是什么？

A) He believed that ladies were born worse preachers that men.
A) 他认为女士天生比男士更不适合传教。

B) He was pleased that ladies could though not as well as men.
B) 他很高兴女士们虽然不如男士们做得好。

C) He disapproved of ladies preaching.
C) 他不赞成女士布道。

D) He encouraged ladies to preach.
D) 他鼓励女士们传教。

32. Today, computer are still inferior to man in terms of ________.
32. 今天，在______方面，计算机仍然不如人类。

A) decision making
A) 决策

B) drives and feelings
B) 驱动和情感

C) growth of reasoning power
C)推理能力增长

D) information absorption
D) 信息吸收

33. In terms of making quick decisions, the human brain cannot be compared with the computer because ________.
33. 在快速做决定方面，人脑无法与计算机相比，因为________。

A) in the long process of evolution slow pace of life didn’t require such ability of the computer because brain
A) 在漫长的进化过程中，生活的缓慢节奏并不需要计算机这样的能力，因为大脑

B) the human brain is influenced by other factors such as motivation and emotion
B) 人类大脑受到其他因素的影响，如动机和情感

C) the human brain may sometimes freeze up in a dangerous situation
C) 人类大脑有时在危险情况下可能会冻结

D) the evolution of imitate life while the human brain docs not imitate computers
D) 模仿生活的进化，而人类大脑并不模仿计算机

34. Though he think highly of the development of computer science, the author doesn’t mean that ________.
尽管他高度重视计算机科学的发展，作者并不意味着________。

A) computers are likely to become a new form of intelligent life
A) 计算机可能成为新的智能生命形式

B) human beings have lost control of computers
B) 人类已经失去了对计算机的控制

C) the intelligence of computers will eventually surpass will that of human beings
C) 计算机的智能最终将超越人类的智能

D) the evolution of intelligence will probably depend on that of electronic brains
D) 智能的进化可能取决于电子大脑的进化

35. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
35. 根据文章，以下哪个陈述是正确的？

A) Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood.
A) 未来的人将由硅制成，而不是由 flesh and blood（肉体和血液）构成。

B) Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man.
B) 有朝一日，将难以区分计算机和人。

C) The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man.
C) 电脑的推理能力已经超过了人类。

D) Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter.
D) 未来的智能生命可能不一定由有机物质构成。

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
问题 36 至 40 基于以下段落。

Video recorders and photocopiers, even ticket machines on the railways, often seem unnecessarily difficult to use. Last December I bought myself a Video cassette recorder (VCR) described as “simple to use”. In the first three weeks I failed repeatedly to program the machine to record from the TV, and after months of practice I still made mistakes. I am not alone. According to a survey last year by Ferguson, the British manufacturer, more than one in four VCR owners never use the timer on their machines to record a programme: they don’t use it because they’ve found it far too hard to operate.
录像机和复印机，甚至铁路上的自动售票机，常常显得使用起来不必要地困难。去年十二月，我为自己买了一台被描述为“易于使用”的录像机（VCR）。在前三周里，我多次尝试编程机器从电视录制节目，经过几个月的练习，我仍然犯错误。我并不孤单。根据去年英国制造商 Ferguson 的一项调查，超过四分之一的 VCR 用户从未使用过机器上的定时器来录制节目：他们不使用它，因为他们发现操作太难了。

So why do manufacturers keep on designing and producing VCRS that are awkward to use if the problems are so obvious?
既然问题如此明显，为什么制造商还要设计和生产使用起来不方便的 VCRS 呢？

First, the problems we notice are not obvious to technically minded designers with years of experience and trained to understand how appliances work. Secondly, designers tend to add one or two features at a time to each model, whereas you or I face all a machine’s features at once. Thirdly, although find problems in a finished product is easily, it is too late by then to do anything about the design. Finally, if manufacturers can get away with selling products that are difficult to use it, it is not worth the effort of any one of them to make improvements.
首先，我们注意到的问题对于有多年经验且受过如何理解电器工作原理的技术型设计师来说并不明显。其次，设计师倾向于每次为每个型号添加一到两个功能，而你我则一次性面对机器的所有功能。第三，尽管在成品中找出问题很容易，但那时已经太晚了，无法对设计做出任何改变。最后，如果制造商可以轻易地销售使用困难的商品，那么任何一个人去改进都是不值得的。

Some manufacturers say they concentrate on providing a wide range of features rather than on making the machines easy to use. But that gives rise to the question, “why can’t you have features that are easy to use?” The answer is you can.
一些制造商表示，他们专注于提供广泛的功能，而不是让机器易于使用。但这也引发了一个问题：“为什么不能有易于使用的功能？” 答案是你可以。

Good design practice is a mixture of specific procedures and general principles. For a start, designers should build an original model of the machine and try it out on typical members of the public-not on colleagues in the development laboratory. Simple pubic trials would quickly reveal many design mistakes. In an ideal world, there would be some ways of controlling quality such as that the VCR must be redesigned repeatedly until, say, 90 percent of users can work 90 per cent of the features correctly 90 per cent of the time.
良好的设计实践是具体程序和一般原则的混合体。首先，设计师应该构建机器的原型，并在典型公众成员中进行试用——而不是在开发实验室的同事中进行。简单的公众试验会迅速揭示许多设计错误。在理想的世界里，会有一些控制质量的方法，例如 VCR 必须反复重新设计，直到例如 90%的用户能够 90%正确地使用 90%的功能 90%的时间。

36. The author had trouble operating his VCR because ________.
36. 作者操作他的录像机遇到了麻烦，因为________。

A) he had neglected the importance of using the timer
A) 他忽视了使用计时器的重要性

B) the machine had far more technical features than necessary
B) 该机器具有比必需的更多技术功能

C) he had set about using it without proper training
C) 他开始使用它，但没有经过适当的培训

D) its operation was far more difficult than the designer intended it to be
D) 其操作远比设计师预期的要困难

31. According to the author, manufacturers ________.
31. 根据作者的说法，制造商 ________。

A should add more useful features to their machines
A 应该为他们的机器添加更多有用的功能

B) often fail to make their products easy to use
B) 往往无法使他们的产品易于使用

C) should make their appliances as attractive as possible
C) 应尽可能使他们的电器具有吸引力

D) often fail provide proper training in the use of their products
D) 经常无法提供其产品使用的适当培训

38. It seems that manufacturers will remain reluctant to make improvements unless ________.
38. 似乎制造商除非……，否则将不愿意进行改进。

A) they can do so as a very low cost
A) 他们可以以非常低的成本这样做

B) they find their machines hard to operate
B) 他们发现他们的机器很难操作

C) they have difficulty selling their products
C) 他们很难销售他们的产品

D) they receive a lot of complaints about their machines
他们收到了很多关于他们机器的投诉

39. According to the passage before a VCR is cold on the market, its original model should be tried out ________.
39. 根据上文，在 VCR 在市场上冷清之前，其原始型号应该试用__________。

A) among ordinary consumers who are not technically minded
A) 在那些没有技术意识的普通消费者中

B) among people who are technically minded
B) 在技术思维的人群中

C) among experienced technicians and potential users
C) 在经验丰富的技术人员和潜在用户中

D) among people who are in charge of public relations
D) 在负责公共关系的人中

40. One of the reasons why VCRs are so difficult to use is that ________.
40. VCR 使用困难的原因之一是__________。

A) the designers are often insensitive to the operational complexities of their machines
A) 设计师们往往对机器的操作复杂性不敏感

B) the range of features provided is unlimited
B) 提供的功能范围无限

C) there is no ideal way of controlling quality
C) 没有一种理想的质量控制方法

D) their designers often ignore the complaints of their uses
D) 他们的设计师经常忽视用户的投诉

1996年1月六级参考答案
1996 年 1 月六级参考答案 六级参考答案

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
第二部分 阅读理解（35 分钟）

21. C 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D

26. C 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. A

31. A 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. D

36. B 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. A

1996年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷
1996 年 6 月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 大学英语六级考试(CET-6)真题试卷

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
第二部分 阅读理解（35 分钟）

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is following by some questions or unfinished statements-For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
说明：本部分有 4 篇阅读文章。每篇文章后都附有一些问题或不完整的陈述——对于每个问题，都有四个选项标记为 A）、B）、C）和 D）。你应该选择最佳选项，并在答题卡上用单线穿过中心标记相应的字母。

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
问题 21 至 25 基于以下段落：

Three English dictionaries published recently all lay claim to possessing a “new” feature. The BBC English Dictionary contains background information on 1,000 people and places prominent in the news since 1988; the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary: Encyclopedic Edition is the OALD plus encyclopedic entries; the Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture is the LME plus cultural information.
近期出版的三部英语词典都声称拥有“新”功能。BBC 英语词典包含自 1988 年以来新闻中突出的 1000 个人和地点的背景信息；牛津高级学习者词典：百科全书版是 OALD 加上百科全书条目；朗文英语语言与文化词典是 LME 加上文化信息。

The key fact is that all three dictionaries can be seen to have a distinctly “cultural” as well as language learning content. That being said, the way in which they approach the cultural element is not identical, making direct comparisons between the three difficult.
关键事实是，这三本词典都可以明显地看出具有“文化”和语言学习内容。话虽如此，它们处理文化元素的方式并不相同，因此在三者之间进行直接比较是困难的。

While there is some common ground between the encyclopedic/cultural entries for the Oxford and Longman dictionaries, there is a clear difference. Oxford lays claim to being encyclopedic on content whereas Longman distinctly concentrates on the language and culture of the English-speaking world. The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny for cultural bias than the Longman publication because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world. The cultural objectives of the BBC dictionary are in turn more distinct still. Based on an analysis of over 70 million words recorded from the BBC World Service and National Public Radio of Washington over a period of four years, their 1,000 brief encyclopedic entries are based on people and places that have featured in the news recently. The intended user they have in mind is a regular listener to the World Service who will have a reasonable standard of English and a developed skill in listening comprehension.
尽管牛津和朗文词典的百科/文化条目有一些共同点，但它们之间存在着明显的差异。牛津词典在内容上自诩为百科全书，而朗文词典则明显专注于英语世界的语言和文化。因此，牛津词典在文化偏见方面的审查比朗文出版物更为严格，因为后者毫不犹豫地从英语世界的文化视角看待世界其他地区。BBC 词典的文化目标则更为明确。基于对 BBC 世界服务和美国华盛顿国家公共广播电台在四年内记录的超过 7000 万字的文本分析，他们的 1000 条简短百科条目基于最近出现在新闻中的人物和地点。他们所设想的目标用户是经常收听世界服务的听众，他们将具备合理的英语水平和发达的听力理解能力。

In reality, though, the BBC dictionary will be purchased by a far wider range of language learners, as will the other two dictionaries. We will be faced with a situation where many of the users of these dictionaries will at the very least have distinct socio-cultural perspectives and may have world views which are totally opposed and even hostile to those of the West. Advanced learners from this kind of background will not only evaluate a dictionary on how user-friendly it is but will also have definite views about the scope and appropriateness of the various socio-cultural entries.
实际上，BBC 词典将被更广泛的语言学习者购买，其他两本词典也是如此。我们将面临一种情况，即这些词典的许多用户至少具有不同的社会文化视角，他们可能持有与西方完全对立甚至敌对的世界观。来自这种背景的高级学习者不仅会评估词典的用户友好性，而且对各种社会文化条目的范围和适宜性也有明确的观点。

21. What feature sets apart the three dictionaries discussed in the passage from traditional ones?
21. 文中讨论的三个词典与传统的词典相比，有哪些特色功能区分开来？

A) The combination of two dictionaries into one
A) 两个字典合并为一个

B) The new approach to defining words
B) 定义单词的新方法

C) The inclusion of cultural content
C) 文化内容的包含

D) The increase in the number of entries
D) 条目数量的增加

22. The Longman dictionary is more likely to be criticized for cultural prejudice ________.
22. 长城字典更有可能因文化偏见而受到批评。

A) its scope of cultural entries the beyond the culture of the English-speaking world
A) 其文化条目范围超越了英语文化圈

B) it pays little attention to the cultural content of the non-English-speaking countries
B) 对非英语国家的文化内容关注较少

C) it views the world purely from the standpoint of the English-speaking world
C) 它纯粹从英语世界的角度看待世界

D) it fails to distinguish language from culture in its encyclopedic entries
D) 它在其百科全书条目中未能区分语言与文化

23. The BBC dictionary differs from Oxford and Longman in that ________.
23. BBC 词典与牛津和朗文词典不同之处在于________。

A) it has a wider selection Of encyclopedic entries
A) 它有更广泛的百科全书条目选择

B) it is mainly design to meet the needs of radio listeners
B) 主要设计用于满足广播听众的需求

C) it lays more emphasis co language then on culture
C) 它更注重语言而非文化

D) it is intended to help listeners develop their listening comprehension skills
D) 旨在帮助听众提高他们的听力理解能力

24. It is implied in the last paragraph that, in approaching socio-cultural content in a dictionary, special thought be given to ________.
24. 最后一段暗示，在词典中处理社会文化内容时，应特别考虑________。

A) the language levels of its users
A) 其用户的语言水平

B) the number of its prospective purchasers
B) 其潜在买家的数量

C) the different tastes of its users
C) 它用户的各种口味

D) the various cultural backgrounds of its users
D) 其用户的多种文化背景

25. What is the passage mainly about?
25. 这篇文章主要讲的是什么？

A) Different ways of treating socio-cultural elements in the three new English dictionaries.
A) 三部新英语词典中处理社会文化元素的不同方式。

B) A comparison of people’s opinions on the cultural content in the three new English dictionaries.
B) 对三部新英汉词典中文化内容的观点比较。

C) The advantages of the BBC dictionary over Oxford and Longman.
C) BBC 词典相较于牛津和朗文词典的优势。

D) The user-friendliness of the three new English dictionaries.
D) 三本新英语词典的用户友好性。

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
第 26 至 30 题基于以下段落。

Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.
真正的警察几乎不认为他们的生活与他们在电视上看到的有任何相似之处。

The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolves round criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.
第一个区别是，警察的真实生活围绕着刑法。他必须确切知道哪些行为是犯罪，以及哪些证据可以在法庭上用来证明这些犯罪。他必须了解几乎与专业律师一样多的法律，更重要的是，他必须在实际中应用这些法律，在黑暗和雨中，沿着街道追赶他想要交谈的人。

Little of his time is spent in chatting. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid, petty crimes.
他很少花时间聊天。他将在大部分工作生涯中花费数百万字在数千份表格上，关于数百个悲伤、不重要的人，他们因愚蠢、微不足道的罪行而负有罪责。

Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as he’s arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks little effort is spent on searching.
大多数电视犯罪剧都是关于寻找罪犯的：一旦他被逮捕，故事就结束了。在现实生活中，寻找罪犯很少成为大问题。除非是谋杀和恐怖袭击等非常严重的案件，否则很少投入精力进行搜查。

Having made an arrest, a detective really start to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence.
逮捕后，侦探真正开始工作。他必须在法庭上证明自己的案件，为此他经常需要收集大量的不同证据。

At third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: first, as members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.
第三，戏剧侦探和现实侦探之间的大不同在于不愉快的压力：首先，作为警察队伍的一员，他们必须绝对遵守法律。其次，作为昂贵的公务员，他们必须取得成果。他们几乎无法两者兼顾。大多数时候，他们中的有些人不得不以小的方式违反规则。

If the detective has to detective the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simples mindedness as he sees it-of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is re-catching people who should have stared behind bars. This makes them rather cynical.
如果侦探必须侦探世界，世界往往会欺骗他。他遇到的几乎没有人告诉他真相。而且，侦探感到自己与世界其他部分的这种分离，由于他所看到的简单性——公民、社会工作者、医生、立法者和法官，他们不是消除犯罪，而是对罪犯的惩罚较轻，希望这样能让他们改过自新——而被加深。侦探们觉得，结果是他们的九成工作是在重新捕捉那些本应入狱的人。这使得他们相当悲观。

26. A policeman has to be trained in criminal law because ________.
26. 一名警察必须接受刑法培训，因为__________。

A) he must work hard to help reform criminals
A) 他必须努力帮助改造罪犯

B) he must believe as professional lawyers do
B) 他必须像专业律师那样相信

C) he must be able to tell when and where a crime is committed
C) 他必须能够判断何时何地发生了犯罪

D) he must justify the arrests he makes of criminals
D) 他必须证明他逮捕罪犯的合理性

27. What is the most suitable word that describes the work of a policeman according to the passage?
27. 根据文章，描述警察工作的最合适的词是什么？

A) Dangerous
A) 危险的

B) Demanding
B) 要求严格

C) Distressing
C) 痛苦的

D) Dramatic
D) 戏剧性的

28. According to the passage, policemen spend most of their time an efforts ________.
28. 根据文章，警察大部分的时间和精力都花在了……

A) patrolling the street, rain or shine
A) 雨晴巡逻街道

B) tracking and arresting criminals
B) 跟踪和逮捕罪犯

C) collecting and providing evidence
C) 收集和提供证据

D) consulting the rules of law
D) 咨询法律规则

29. What’s the policeman’s biggest headache?
29. 警察最大的头疼是什么？

A) He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the law in any way.
A) 他必须在不违反法律的情况下获得最理想的结果。

B) He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases.
B) 他必须在大多数案件中无法提供充分证据的情况下为自己的逮捕行为进行辩护。

C) He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal cases.
C) 他很难在承担众多刑事案件的同时找到足够的时间学习刑法。

D) He has to provide the best possible public service at the least possible expense.
D) 他必须以尽可能低的成本提供最好的公共服务。

30. Why do policemen feel separated from the rest of the world?
30. 为什么警察感觉与世界其他人隔离？

A) Because they do not receive due support from society.
A) 因为它们没有得到社会的适当支持。

B) Because they find people insincere with them.
B) 因为他们认为人们对他们不真诚。

C) Because they feel superior to simple-minded people around them.
C) 因为他们觉得自己比周围简单的人优越。

D) Because they are suspicious of the people around them.
D) 因为他们对周围的人表示怀疑。

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
问题 31 至 35 基于以下段落。

To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’s assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.
生活在当今的美国意味着对达伦多夫关于社会变革无处不在的断言有了更深的理解。技术，即为了实际目的而应用知识，是社会变革的主要来源。

Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it docs not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use out technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.
然而，我们最好提醒自己，技术是人类创造物；它并非自然存在。矛或机器人既是文化产品，也是物理对象。直到人类用矛狩猎或用机器人生产机械部件，它们都不比物质实体更多。对于一只寻找栖息地的鸟来说，矛或机器人同样能起到作用。挑战者号航天飞机的爆炸和切尔诺贝利核事故揭示了技术的本质；它们提供了精心设计的系统突然失控，而没有人能够及时纠正的案例。由于技术是人类创造物，我们对它的使用负有责任。悲观主义者担心，我们最终会用技术摧毁我们的世界和自己。但他们已经说了几十年，到目前为止，我们设法生存下来，甚至繁荣起来。我们是否会在未来的岁月里继续这样做仍然是个未知数。显然，技术对我们生活的影响值得更深入的研究。

Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.
计算机革命对我们的生活产生了比其他任何技术发展都更大的影响。科学家和工程师设计了专门的机器，可以完成以前只有人才能做的任务。有人断言，向信息经济的转变与其他伟大的历史里程碑一样，属于同一阵营，尤其是工业革命。然而，当我们问为什么工业革命是一场革命时，我们发现它并不是因为机器。它之所以具有革命性，主要是因为它导致了巨大的社会变革。它催生了大规模生产，通过大规模生产，创造了一个财富不再局限于少数人的社会。

In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that pees the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.
在一定程度上，计算机承诺将彻底改变美国生活的结构，尤其是在它们解放人类思想并开辟知识和沟通的新可能性方面。工业革命通过机械方法补充并取代了人类和动物的力量。计算机将这种发展扩展到通过电子方法补充和取代人类思想的一些方面。计算机解决问题的能力和做出决策的能力代表了其最大的潜力，同时也给预测对社会的影响带来了最大的困难。

31. A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it ________.
31. 一支矛或一个机器人只有当它 ________ 时才具有技术的品质。

A) is used both as a cultural and a physical object
A）既作为文化物品也作为实物对象使用

B) serves different purposes equally well
B) 同样有效地服务于不同的目的

C) is utilized by man
C) 被人类使用

D) can be of use to both man and animal
D) 对人类和动物都有用

32. The examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl cited by the author serve to show that ________.
32. 作者引用的挑战者号和切尔诺贝利事件是为了表明 ________。

A) if not given close examination, technology could be used to destroy our world
A) 如果不经仔细检查，技术可能会被用来摧毁我们的世界

B) technology is a human creation, so we are responsible for it
B) 技术是人类创造的，因此我们对此负责

C) technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by man
C) 技术通常会出现问题，如果不受人类控制

D) being a human creation, technology is liable to error
D) 作为人类创造物，技术容易出错

33. According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly because ________.
33. 根据作者的说法，计算机的引入是一场革命，主要是因为__________。

A) the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mind
A) 电脑彻底改变了人类思维的工作方式

B) the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people before
B) 计算机可以完成以前只能由人完成的任务

C) it has helped to switch to an information technology
C) 它有助于转向信息技术

D) it has a great potential impact on society
D) 它对社会有巨大的潜在影响

34. By using the phrase “the human quality of technology”, the author refers to, the fact that technology ________.
34. 通过使用“技术的以人为本”这一短语，作者指的是技术______的事实。

A) has a great impact on human life
A）对人类生活有重大影响

B) has some characteristics of human nature
B）具有人性的某些特征

C) can replace some aspects of the human mind
C) 可以取代人类思维的一些方面

D) does not exist in the natural world
D) 不存在于自然世界中

35. The passage is based on the author’s ________.
35. 这段文字基于作者的________。

A) keen insight into the nature of technology
A) 对技术本质的敏锐洞察

B) prejudiced criticism of the role of the industrial Revolution
B) 对工业革命角色的偏见批评

C) cautious analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computers
C) 对计算机取代人类思维的谨慎分析

D) exaggerated description of the negative consequences of technology
D) 技术负面影响的夸大描述

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
问题 36 至 40 基于以下段落。

Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.
现在，习俗通常不被认为是一个非常重要的话题。我们觉得我们自己的大脑的内部运作是独一无二的，值得研究，但习俗，我们有一种思维方式，是最常见的行为了。事实上，情况正好相反。在世界各地，传统习俗是一系列比任何个人在个体行为中可能演变出的更为惊人的详细行为。然而，这只是问题的次要方面。真正重要的是习俗在经验和信仰中扮演的主导角色以及它可能表现出的极大多样性。

No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies axial orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, the becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.
没有人曾以纯净的眼睛看待世界。他看到的是由一套特定的习俗、机构和思维方式编辑过的世界。即使在哲学探索中，他也不能超越这些刻板印象；他关于真与假的观念仍然会参考他特有的传统习俗。约翰·杜威曾严肃地说，习俗在塑造个人行为中所起的作用，与个人能够影响传统习俗的任何方式相比，就像他母语的全部词汇量与被他家庭语言吸收的婴儿语词汇量之间的比例一样。当一个人认真地研究那些有机会独立发展的轴心秩序时，这不过是一个精确而实际的观察。个人的生活史首先是调整他社区传统传承下来的模式和标准。从他出生的那一刻起，他出生的习俗就塑造了他的经验和行为。 在他能够说话的时候，他已经是他文化的微小生物，等到他长大并能够参与其活动时，它的习惯就是他的习惯，它的信仰就是他的信仰，它的不可能就是他的不可能。

36. The author thinks the reason why custom has been ignored in the academic world is that ________.
36. 作者认为学术界忽视习俗的原因是 ________。

A) custom reveals only the superficial nature of human behavior
A) 定制仅揭示了人类行为的表面性质

B) the study of social orders can replace the study of custom
B）社会秩序的研究可以取代习俗的研究

C) people are still not aware of the important role that custom plays in forming our world outlook
C) 人们仍然没有意识到，定制在我们形成世界观中扮演的重要角色

D) custom has little to do with our ways of thinking
D) 习俗与我们的思维方式关系不大

37. Which of the following is true according to John Dewey?
37. 根据约翰·杜威的说法，以下哪项是正确的？

A) An individual can exercise very little influence on the cultural tradition into which he is born.
A) 个人对他出生的文化传统的影响非常有限。

B) Custom is the direct result of the philosophical probing of a group of people.
B) 习俗是一群人哲学探索的直接结果。

C) An individual is strongly influenced by the cultural tradition even before he is born.
C) 一个人在出生之前就已经受到文化传统的影响。

D) Custom represents the collective wisdom which benefits the individual.
D) 自定义代表对个人有益的集体智慧。

38. The world “custom” in this passage most probably means ________.
38. 本文中的“custom”一词最可能是指 ________。

A) the concept of the true and the false of a society
A) 社会中真与假的概念

B) the independently developed social orders
B) 独立开发的社会秩序

C) the adjustment of the individual to the new social environment
C) 个人对新社会环境的适应调整

D) the patterns and standards of behavior of a community
D) 社区的行为模式和标准

39. According to the passage a person’s life, from his birth to his death, ________.
39. 根据文章，一个人的生命，从出生到死亡，________。

A) is constantly shaping the cultural traditions of his people
A) 不断塑造他的人民的文化传统

B) is predominated by traditional custom
B) 以传统习俗为主

C) is continually influenced by the habits of other communities
C) 不断受到其他社区习惯的影响

D) is chiefly influenced by the people around him
D) 主要受他周围的人影响

40. The author’s pump in writing this passage is ________.
40. 作者在这段文字中的写作动机是 ________。

A) to urge individuals to follow traditional customs
A) 催促个人遵循传统习俗

B) to stress the strong influence of customs on an individual
B）强调习俗对个人的强烈影响

C) to examine the interaction of man and axial customs
C) 检验人与轴心文化的互动

D) to show man’s adjustment to traditional customs
D) 展示人类对传统习俗的适应

1996年6月六级参考答案
1996 年 6 月六级参考答案 六级参考答案

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
第二部分 阅读理解（35 分钟）

21. C 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. A

26. D 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. B

31. C 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. A

36. C 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. B

1997年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷
1997 年 1 月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 大学英语六级考试(CET-6)真题试卷

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
第二部分 阅读理解（35 分钟）

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them the re are four choices marked A)，B)，C), and D). you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
说明：本部分有 4 篇阅读文章。每篇文章后都附有一些问题或不完整的陈述。对于每个问题，都有四个选项 A)，B)，C)和 D)。你应该选择最佳答案，并在答题卡上用单线穿过中心标记相应的字母。

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
问题 21 至 25 基于以下段落。

More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
越来越多，我们企业、政府和金融机构的运营被仅存在于计算机内存中的信息所控制。任何足够聪明的人都可以修改这些信息以实现自己的目的，从而获得丰厚的回报。更糟糕的是，一些已经这样做并被抓住的人设法逃脱了惩罚。

It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.
电脑犯罪如果没有人检查电脑在做什么，很容易被忽视。但即使犯罪被发现，罪犯也可能逍遥法外，甚至还能从前任雇主那里得到一份好评。

Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
当然，我们没有关于未被发现犯罪的统计数据。但值得注意的是，我们了解的许多犯罪都是偶然被发现的，而不是通过系统检查或其他安全程序。被抓住的电脑罪犯可能只是运气不好。

For example, a certain keypunch (键盘打孔) operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off (向…透露) the company that was being robbed.
例如，一位键盘打孔操作员抱怨不得不加班打额外的卡片。调查发现，她被要求打的额外卡片是用于欺诈交易的。在另一个案例中，被盗贼不满意的员工向被抢劫的公司透露了情况。

Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
与其他违法者不同，他们必须离开国家、自杀或入狱，计算机犯罪分子有时逃避惩罚，不仅要求他们不被起诉，还要求他们得到良好的推荐信，甚至可能获得其他好处。然而，他们的要求往往得到了满足。

Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (耍弄) the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives, a accountant, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.
为什么？因为公司高管害怕如果公众发现他们的电脑被滥用，将会导致的负面宣传。他们一想到一个罪犯在公开法庭上吹嘘如何在公司高管、会计和安保人员的鼻子底下玩弄最机密的记录，就犹豫不决。因此，另一个电脑罪犯带着他需要的推荐信离开了，继续在其他地方犯罪。

21. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
21. 从这段文字可以得出结论，________。

A) it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today
A) 目前仍然无法检测计算机犯罪

B) computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions
B) 计算机犯罪是金融机构运营中最严重的问题

C) computer criminals can escape punishment because they can’t be detected
C) 计算机犯罪分子可以逃避惩罚，因为他们无法被检测到

D) people commit computer crimes at the request their company
D) 人们在公司的要求下犯计算机罪行

22. It is implied in the third paragraph that ________.
22. 第三段暗示了________。

A) many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered
A) 被发现的计算机犯罪远比未被发现的少得多

B) the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem
B) 计算机犯罪迅速增加是一个棘手的问题

C) most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes
C) 大多数电脑罪犯足够聪明，足以掩盖他们的罪行

D) most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their bad luck
D) 大多数电脑罪犯足够聪明，足以掩盖他们的霉运

23. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
23. 以下哪一项在文章中提到？

A) A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.
A) 必须严格执行针对计算机犯罪的法律法规。

B) Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.
B) 公司需要对机密信息实施限制。

C) Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation.
C) 公司将防范计算机犯罪以保护其声誉。

D) Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.
D) 公司通常犹豫不决，不愿揭露计算机犯罪。

24. What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?
24. 一旦被捕，电脑罪犯可能会发生什么？

A) With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job.
A) 由于声誉不佳，他们几乎找不到另一份工作。

B) They will be denied access to confidential records.
B) 他们将无法访问机密记录。

C) They may walk away and easily find another job.
他们可能会离开并轻易找到另一份工作。

D) They must leave the country or go to jail.
他们必须离开这个国家或进监狱。

25. The passage is mainly about ________.
25. 这段文字主要关于________。

A) why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspections
A) 为什么计算机犯罪难以通过系统检查来检测

B) why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment
B) 为什么电脑罪犯往往能够逃避惩罚

C) how computer criminals manage to get good recommendation from their former employers
C) 计算机罪犯如何从前任雇主那里获得良好的推荐

D) why computer crimes can’t be eliminated
D) 为什么计算机犯罪无法根除

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
问题 26 至 30 基于以下段落。

It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil liberties.
核能通常被认为是不可或缺的能源。我们生活在一个对各种商业产品有巨大需求的社会。此外，增加工业生产被认为是解决大规模失业问题的一个解决方案。这种增加假设有一个丰富且廉价的能源供应。许多人认为，核能提供了一种取之不尽、经济实惠的能源，因此对于工业发展的社会来说是必不可少的。核能的使用还有许多其他优点。首先，核能，除了事故外，是清洁的。另一个优点是，核电站可以由相对较少的技术和行政人员运行和维护。核反应堆代表了我们在科学进化中的一个巨大飞跃，无论反核组织说什么，期望回归到更原始的燃料来源是错误的。然而，核能的反对者指出，核电站不仅对环境构成直接威胁，也对公民自由构成威胁。

Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium (铀) in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. Thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programmes are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.
此外，核能最终是否是廉价的能源来源仍存在疑问。例如，在美国、英国，当然还有俄罗斯，都发生过代价高昂的事故。除了更高的安全措施成本外，铀成本的上升可能会使核能退出市场。从长远来看，环保人士认为，核能浪费了宝贵的资源，并破坏了生态，这可能导致人类毁灭。因此，如果我们希望生存，我们负担不起核能。尽管上述情况反对核能，但核能项目仍在扩张。这种扩张假设工业生产和消费者需求的持续增长。然而，这种增长是否能够或能够继续下去是值得怀疑的。权衡了双方的论点后，似乎有很好的经济和生态理由选择核能以外的能源来源。

26. The writer’s attitude toward nuclear energy is ________.
26. 作者对核能的态度是 ________。

A) indifferent
A) 冷漠

B) favorable
B) 有利

C) tolerant
C) 容忍

D) negative
D) 负面

27. According to the opponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is true of nuclear energy?
27. 核能的反对者认为以下哪项关于核能的说法是正确的？

A) Primitive
A) 原始

B) Exhaustible
B) 可耗尽的

C) Cheap
C) 廉价

D) Unsafe
D) 不安全

28. Some people claim that nuclear energy is essential because ________.
28. 有些人声称核能是必不可少的，因为__________。

A) it provides a perfect solution to mass unemployment
A) 它为大规模失业提供了一个完美的解决方案

B) it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution
B) 它代表了我们科学进化中的一大步

C) it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society
C) 它可以满足一个工业化发展社会的日益增长的需求

D) nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff
D) 核电站可以由相对较少的技术和行政人员运行和维护

29. Which of the following statements does the writer support?
29. 作者支持以下哪个陈述？

A) The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing.
A) 商业产品的需求不一定持续增长。

B) Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without.
B) 核能是我们无法离开的东西。

C) Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons.
C) 铀由于其经济和生态原因，是一种良好的能源来源。

D) Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programmes.
D) 更严格的安全措施可以促进核能项目的扩张。

30. The function of the last sentence is to ________.
30. 最后一句的功能是 ________。

A) advance the final argument
A) 将最终参数向前移动

B) reflect the writer’s attitude
B) 反映作者的态度

C) reverse previously expressed thoughts
C) 反转之前表达的思想

D) show the disadvantages of nuclear power
D) 展示核能的缺点

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
问题 31 至 35 基于以下段落。

Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.
服装在我们在结论中扮演着关键角色，通过提供关于人们是谁、不是谁以及他们希望成为谁的线索。它们向我们透露了穿着者的背景、个性、地位、情绪和社会观点。

Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people’s impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle class man or woman may be alienated (疏远…) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person’s education, background, or interests.
由于衣服是如此重要的社会信息来源，我们可以利用它们来操纵人们对我们的印象。在我们的外观在可能发生的互动初期阶段具有特别重要的意义。一个中年老人或妇女可能会因为一个穿着非传统方式的中青年而感到疏远，无论这个人的教育、背景或兴趣如何。

People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits (套装), including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And collage students who view themselves as taking an active role in their inter-personal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we act ed. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.
人们往往对某些类型服装的含义达成一致。少女们很容易就穿着特定套装的女孩的生活方式达成一致，包括她们可能有多少男朋友以及她们是否吸烟或饮酒。当新闻播报员或电视上读新闻的播音员穿着保守时，被认为更有说服力、更诚实、更有能力。而且，那些将自己视为在人际交往中扮演积极角色的大学生表示，他们担心必须穿着的服装能否成功地扮演这些角色。此外，我们中许多人都能回忆起我们穿过的衣服改变了我们对自己的感受以及我们的行为。也许你曾使用服装在预期压力情境下获得自信，比如工作面试或法庭出庭。

In the workplace, men have long had well defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that avail able for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming (打扮)-shorter hair, moderate use of make up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won’t get a job.”
在工作场所，男性长期以来都有明确的成功先例和榜样。对于女性来说则不然。在商业世界中，许多女性对自己的职业着装中应该传达的“男性”和“女性”特质混合比例感到不确定。可供女性选择的服装种类也多于男性。当女性展现出较少的“女性”打扮时，如短发、适度化妆和简约的定制服装，男性管理者往往更倾向于对她们担任管理职位持正面评价。一位男性管理者曾坦白说：“一个迷人的女性肯定会得到更长时间的面试，但她不会得到这份工作。”

31. According to the passage, the way we dress ________.
31. 根据文章，我们穿衣的方式 ________。

A) provides clues for people who are critical of us
A) 为批评我们的人提供线索

B) indicates our likes and dislikes in choosing a career
B) 表示我们在选择职业时的喜好和厌恶

C) has a direct influence on the way people regard us
C) 对人们如何看待我们有着直接的影响

D) is of particular importance when we get on in age
D）随着年龄增长，这一点尤为重要

32. From the third paragraph of the passage, we can conclude that young adults tend to believe that certain types of clothing can ________.
32. 从文章的第三段中，我们可以得出结论，年轻人往往认为某些类型的服装可以……

A) change people’s conservative attitudes toward their lifestyle
A) 改变人们对生活方式的保守态度

B) help young people make friends with the opposite sex
B) 帮助年轻人与异性交朋友

C) make them competitive in the job market
C) 使他们在就业市场上更具竞争力

D) help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships
D) 帮助他们在人际关系中取得成功

33. The word “precedent” (Line 1, Para. 4) probably refers to ________.
33. 词语“先例”（第 4 段第 1 行）可能指的是__________。

A) early acts for men to follow as examples
A) 男性应遵循的早期行为典范

B) particular places for men to occupy especially because of their importance
B) 男性特别因其重要性而占据的特定地点

C) things that men should agree upon
C) 男人应该达成共识的事情

D) men’s beliefs that everything in the world has already been decided
D) 男性认为世界上的一切都已经注定

34. According to the passage, many career women find themselves in difficult situations because ________.
34. 根据文章，许多职业女性发现自己处于困境，因为 ________。

A) the variety of professional clothing is too wide for them to choose
A) 他们的选择范围太广，无法选择职业装种类

B) women are generally thought to be only good at being fashion models
B) 人们普遍认为女性只擅长做时装模特

C) men are more favorably judged for managerial positions
C) 在管理职位上，男性更容易受到好评

D) they are not sure to what extent they should display their feminine qualities through clothing
他们不确定应该通过着装展示多少女性特质

35. What is the passage mainly about?
35. 这篇文章主要讲的是什么？

A) Dressing for effect.
A) 穿着以产生效果。

B) How to dress appropriately.
B) 如何着装得体。

C) Managerial positions and clothing.
C) 管理职位与着装。

D) Dressing for the occasion.
D) 根据场合着装。

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
问题 36 至 40 基于以下段落。

The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone’s experience in the organization.
随着越来越多的女性和少数族裔进入管理层，他们似乎越来越想谈论以前被认为最好不说的事情。新来者也倾向于以全新的视角看待办公室事务，在这个过程中，有时会对塑造每个人在组织中体验的力量进行批判性分析。

Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT&T, Coca Cola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what he’s seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%, image, 30%; and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won’t secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are.
考虑亚特兰大 Harvey Coleman 关于成功的观点。科勒姆是黑人。他在 IBM 工作了 11 年，其中一半时间在管理发展部门工作，现在担任 AT&T、可口可乐、保德信和梅西等公司的顾问。科勒姆表示，根据他在大公司所见，他将长期职业成功的不同要素权衡如下：绩效仅占 10%，形象占 30%；而曝光度则高达 60%。科勒姆认为，如今出色的业绩如此普遍，虽然做好工作可能会赢得加薪，但并不能保证你获得晋升。他认为，晋升更多地取决于有多少人了解你和你的工作，以及他们的地位有多高。

Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales (障眼物) have dropped from their eyes. “Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs,” says Kaleel Jamison, a New York based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. “They think that if you work hard, you’ll get ahead—that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.” She adds, “Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they’ve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down (使不突出) their visibility.” Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.
荒谬的信仰？对很多人来说不是，尤其是许多女性和少数族裔成员，他们像科勒曼一样，感觉到那些障眼物已经从他们的眼前落下。“在组织中，女性和黑人受着错误信念的束缚，”纽约管理顾问凯利·贾米森说，他帮助公司处理这些问题。“他们认为，如果你努力工作，你就会取得进步——某个有权势的人会伸出手给你晋升。”她补充说，“大多数女性和黑人如此害怕人们认为他们因为性别或肤色而取得进步，以至于他们降低了自己的可见度。”她对那些人的建议是：学习白人男性传统上用来找到自己进入聚光灯下的方法。

36. According to the passage, “things formerly judged to be best left unsaid” (Line 2, Para. 1) probably refers to “________”.
36. 根据文章，“以前被认为最好不说的事情”（第 1 段第 2 行）可能指的是“________”。

A) criticisms that shape everyone’s experience
A) 形塑每个人体验的批评

B) the opinions which contradict the established beliefs
B) 与既定信念相矛盾的观点

C) the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eye
C) 帮助新来者以全新视角看待办公室事务的倾向

D) the ideas which usually come up with usually come up with new ways of management in the organization
D) 通常会提出通常提出的新管理方式的想法

37. To achieve success in your career, the most important factor, according to the passage, is to ________.
37. 根据文章，要在你的职业生涯中取得成功，最重要的因素是……

A) let your superiors know how good you are
A) 让你的上级知道你有多优秀

B) project a favorable image to the people around you
B) 向周围的人展示一个积极的形象

C) work as a consultant to your superiors
C) 作为上级的顾问工作

D) perform well your tasks given by your superiors
D) 良好地完成上级分配的任务

38. The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they ________.
38. 女性和黑人淡化他们可见性的原因是他们 ________。

A) know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotion
A) 知道某个有权势的人会伸出手来给他们晋升

B) want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefs
B) 想给人留下他们是在错误信念下工作的印象

C) don’t want people to think that their promotions were due to sex or color
C) 不想让人们认为他们的晋升是因为性别或肤色

D) believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color
D) 相信他们可以通过性别或肤色获得晋升

39. The author is of the opinion that Coleman’s beliefs are ________.
39. 作者认为科勒曼的信仰是 ________。

A) biased
A) 偏见的

B) popular
B) 流行

C) insightful
C) 洞察力强

D) superficial
表面

40. The best title for this passage would be ________.
40. 这篇文章的最佳标题将是 ________。

A) Role of Women and Minorities in Management
A) 妇女和少数族裔在管理中的作用

B) The Importance of Being Visible
B) 可见性的重要性

C) Job Performance and Advancement
C) 工作表现与晋升

D) Sex and Career Success
D) 性别与职业成功

1997年1月六级参考答案
1997 年 1 月六级参考答案 六级参考答案

Part II Reading Comprehension
第二部分 阅读理解

21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. C

26. D 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B

31. C 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A

36. B 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. B

1997年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷
1997 年 6 月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 大学英语六级考试(CET-6)真题试卷

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
第二部分 阅读理解（35 分钟）

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is following by some questions or unfinished statements-For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
说明：本部分有 4 篇阅读文章。每篇文章后都附有一些问题或不完整的陈述——对于每个问题，都有四个选项标记为 A）、B）、C）和 D）。你应该选择最佳选项，并在答题卡上用单线穿过中心标记相应的字母。

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
问题 21 至 25 基于以下段落：

It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10.5 ounces, without any reduction in price. There were still twelve biscuits, but they had been reduced in size. Later, the Senator rightly complained of a store-bought pie in a handsomely illustrated box that pictured, in a single slice, almost as many cherries as there were in the whole pie.
据说公众和国会对于欺骗性包装的担忧始于参议员哈特发现他、哈特夫人和他们的孩子们所消费的谷物包装盒变得越来越高而窄，净重从 12 盎司下降到 10.5 盎司，而价格没有任何降低。尽管饼干数量仍然是 12 块，但它们的尺寸已经减小。后来，参议员正确地抱怨了一个精美插图盒子里买的馅饼，这个盒子展示的樱桃几乎和整个馅饼里的樱桃一样多。

The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even 4-ounce, 8-ounce, one-pound, two-pound quantities of breakfast foods, cake mixes, etc. A study of drugstore and supermarket shelves will convince any observer that all possible size and shapes of boxes, jars, bottles, and tins are in use at the same time and, as the package journals show, week by week, there is never any hesitation in introducing a new size, and shape of box or bottle when it aids in product differentiation. The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes, materials, shape, art work, and net weights that are used for improving a product’s market position.
制造商通过改变包装尺寸来降低交付数量，从而提高产品单价，可以在不造成过度困难的情况下，将产品放入装有 4 盎司、8 盎司、1 磅、2 磅早餐食品、蛋糕混合物等量的盒子、袋子、罐头中。对药店和超市货架的研究将使任何观察者相信，所有可能的盒子、罐头、瓶子、罐头的尺寸和形状都在同时使用，并且正如包装期刊所显示的，每周都没有任何犹豫地引入新的尺寸和形状的盒子或瓶子，只要这有助于产品的差异化。包装产品的生产者强烈反对改变包装尺寸以包含均匀的重量和体积，但贸易界没有人对因不断改变包装尺寸、材料、形状、艺术作品和净重量而造成的巨大成本表示不满，这些改变旨在提高产品的市场地位。

When a packaging expert explained that he was able to multiply the price of hard sweets by 2.5, from 1 dollar to 2.50 dollars by changing to a fancy jar, or that he had made a 5-ounce bottle look as though it held 8 ounces, he was in effect telling the public that packaging can be a very expensive luxury. It evidently does come high, when an average family pays about 200 dollars a year for bottles, cans, boxes, jars and other containers, most of which can’t be used anything but stuffing the garbage can.
当一位包装专家解释说他能够通过将硬糖果的价格乘以 2.5，从 1 美元提高到 2.50 美元，通过换成花哨的罐子，或者让他 5 盎司的瓶子看起来像能装 8 盎司，实际上他是在告诉公众，包装可以是一个非常昂贵的奢侈品。显然，当普通家庭每年为瓶子、罐头、盒子、罐子和其他容器支付大约 200 美元时，这显然是昂贵的，其中大部分只能用来填满垃圾桶。

21. What started the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus?
21. 是什么引发了公众和国会对欺骗性包装骚动的关注？

A) Consumers’ complaints about the changes in the package size.
A) 消费者对包装尺寸变化的投诉。

B) Expensive packaging for poor quality products.
B) 贵重包装的低质量产品。

C) A senator’s discovery of the tricks in packaging.
C) 参议员发现包装中的伎俩。

D) The rise in the unit price for many products.
D) 许多产品单价上涨。

22. The word “undue” (Para. 2) means “________”.
22. 词语“过度”（第 2 段）的意思是“________”。

A) improper
A) 不恰当

B) adequate
B) 足够的

C) unexpected
C) 非预期的

D) excessive
过度

23. Consumers are concerned about the changes in the package size, mainly because ________.
23. 消费者关注包装尺寸的变化，主要是因为__________。

A) they hate to see any changes in things they are familiar with
A) 他们讨厌看到他们熟悉的事物有任何变化

B) they unit price for a product often rises as a result
B) 他们产品的单价通常会上升

C) they have to pay for the cost of changing package sizes
C) 他们必须支付更改包装尺寸的费用

D) this entails an increase in the cost of packaging
D) 这意味着包装成本的增加

24. According to this passage, various types of packaging come into existence to ________.
24. 根据本文，各种类型的包装出现是为了 ________。

A) meet the needs of consumers
A) 满足消费者需求

B) suit all kinds of products
B) 适用于各种产品

C) enhance the market position of products
C) 提升产品市场地位

D) introduce new products
D) 介绍新产品

25. The author is critical mainly of ________.
25. 作者主要批评的是 ________。

A) dishonest packaging
A) 不诚实包装

B) inferior packaging
B) 低级包装

C) the changes in package size
C) 包装箱尺寸的变化

D) exaggerated illustrations on packages
D) 包装上的夸张插图

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
问题 26 至 30 基于以下段落。

If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labour is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.
如果可持续的竞争优势取决于劳动力技能，美国公司就存在一个问题。人力资源管理在美国传统上不被视为公司竞争生存的核心。技能获取被视为个人的责任。劳动力仅仅是另一个生产要素，以最低的成本雇佣-租赁，就像购买原材料或设备一样。

The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s hierarchy.
人力资源管理的重要性不足在企业管理层级中可见。在美国公司中，首席财务官几乎总是位居第二。人力资源管理部门的负责人通常是一个专业职位，位于企业层级之外。担任这一职位的行政人员从未被咨询过重大战略决策，也没有机会晋升为首席执行官（CEO）。相比之下，在日本，人力资源管理部门的负责人处于核心地位——通常在公司层级中位居第二重要，仅次于 CEO。

While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.
尽管美国公司经常谈论在培训员工上投入的大量资金，但实际上，它们在员工技能上的投资比日本或德国公司都要少。他们所投入的资金也更多地集中在专业和管理员工身上。而在培训工人方面所做的有限投资，也更多地集中在完成下一项工作所需的具体技能上，而不是在使吸收新技术成为可能的基本背景技能上。

As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is as lower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that to with these processes will disappear.
因此，当新的突破性技术出现时，问题随之产生。例如，如果美国工人（正如他们所做的那样）比德国工人花更多的时间来学习如何操作新的灵活制造站，那么这些站在德国的有效成本比在美国低。在设备达到满负荷运行之前需要更多的时间，而大规模的再培训需求产生了成本，并创造了瓶颈，限制了新设备的应用速度。结果是技术变革的速度降低。最终，人口的技能影响到了上层半数的工资。如果下层半数无法有效地操作必须运行的过程，那么与这些过程相关的管理和专业工作将消失。

26. Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?
26. 以下哪项适用于美国公司的人力资源管理？

A) They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.
他们无论技能如何，都以最低的成本雇佣人员。

B) They see the gaining of skills as their employees’ own business.
B) 他们认为技能的提升是员工自己的事。

C) They attach more importance to workers than equipment.
C) 他们比设备更重视工人。

D) They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition.
他们只雇佣熟练工人，因为竞争激烈。

27. What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an American firm?
27. 美国公司中人力资源管理部门负责人的职位是什么？

A) He is one of the most important executives in firms.
A) 他是公司中最重要的高管之一。

B) His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced.
B) 当引入新技术时，他的帖子很可能会消失。

C) He is directly under the chief financial executives in the firms.
C) 他直接在公司的首席财务执行官之下。

D) He has no say in making important decisions in the firm.
D) 他在公司的重要决策中没有发言权。

28. The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to ________.
28. 大多数美国公司投入培训的资金主要用于 ________。

A) workers who can operate new equipment
A) 能够操作新设备的工人

B) technological and managerial staff
B) 技术和管理人员

C) workers who lack basic background skills
C) 缺乏基本背景技能的工人

D) top executives
D) 高级管理人员

29. According to the passages, the decisive factor in maintaining a firm’s competitive advantage is ________.
29. 根据文章，保持公司竞争优势的决定性因素是 ________。

A) the introduction of new technologies
A) 新技术的引入

B) the improvement of worker’s basic skills
B) 工人基本技能的提升

C) the rational composition of professional and managerial employees
C) 专业和管理员工的合理构成

D) the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employees
D) 对员工下半部分的重视程度

30. What is the main idea of the passage?
30. 这段文字的主要思想是什么？

A) American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human-resource management.
A) 美国公司在人力资源管理方面与日本和德国公司不同。

B) Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human-resource management.
B) 广泛的再培训对于有效的人力资源管理是必不可少的。

C) The head of human-resource management must be in the central position in a firm’s hierarchy.
C) 人力资源管理的负责人必须在公司的等级结构中处于核心位置。

D) The human-resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity.
D) 美国公司的人力资源管理策略影响其竞争力。

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
问题 31 至 35 基于以下段落。

The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may be objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul-the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a king’s servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the king’s biography-not for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate.
传记作家在对待主题时必须在两个摇摆不定的位置之间跳舞。关系过于亲密，作家可能会缺乏客观性。不够亲密，作家可能缺乏描绘心灵、灵魂——生活品质所必需的同情心。例如，谁应该写一个家族的传记？由于与主题的亲近，家庭成员可能拥有特殊信息，但同样，他们可能没有保持公正所需的距离。同样，一个国王的仆人可能不是写那位国王传记的最佳人选。但一个外国人可能没有写国王传记所需的知识和同情心——至少对于来自王国内部的读者来说是这样。

There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly.
没有这样一个任务的理想位置。传记作家必须与世界中的位置合作，根据需要调整位置以处理主题。每个位置都有优点和缺点：为了繁荣，作家必须努力意识到这些，根据主题评估它们，并相应地选择位置。

When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class.
当他们的主题是英雄或著名人物时，传记通常揭示了一种民主动机：他们试图表明他们的主题只是凡人，并不比任何人更好。其他传记旨在改变我们，邀请我们变得比现在更好。圣经中发现的耶稣传记属于这一类。

Biographers may claim that their account is the “authentic” one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is “authorized” by the subject, this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. “Unauthorized” biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the “unauthorized” characterisation usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even several “authentic” ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell the story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.
传记作家可能会声称他们的叙述是“真实的”一个。在提出这一主张时，如果传记得到主题的“授权”，这将有助于他们，因为这可能使传记作家能够获得对私人信息的特殊访问。然而，“未经授权”的传记也有其吸引力，因为它们可以暗示传记作家具有独立思考的能力。在书籍推广中，“未经授权”的描述通常暗示着一些主题希望抑制的有趣八卦。一个主题可能有几部传记，甚至几部“真实的”传记。我们直觉上感觉到，没有人处于讲述一个人生活故事的位置，也许连主题本身也不例外，这一点已经被传记的历史所证明。

31. According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who ________.
31. 根据作者的说法，一个理想的传记作者应该是一个这样的人……

A) knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper distance from him
A) 非常了解主题，同时与他保持适当的距离

B) is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writing
B) 接近主题并了解传记写作技巧

C) is independent and treats the subject with fairness and objectivity
C) 独立且以公平和客观的态度对待主题

D) possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject
D) 拥有特殊的个人信息并对主题表示同情

32. The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that ________.
32. 作者引用《圣经》中耶稣的传记，为了表明________。

A) the best biographies are meant to transform their readers
A) 最好的传记旨在改变读者的想法

B) biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects’ lives
B) 传记是对其主题生平的真实描述

C) the best biographies are the of heroes and famous figures
C) 最好的传记是关于英雄和著名人物的

D) biographies can serve different purpose
D) 传记可以有不同的用途

33. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?
33. 根据文章，以下哪个陈述是正确的？

A) An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.
A) 一本真实的传记很少能吸引读者。

B) An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject.
B) 一本真实的传记是经过主题授权的。

C) No one can write a perfect biography.
C) 没有人能写出一部完美的传记。

D) Authorized biographies have a wider readership.
D) 授权传记拥有更广泛的读者群。

34. An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because ________.
34. 一部未经授权的传记可能会吸引更多读者，因为________。

A) it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividly
A) 它既忠实又生动地描绘了主题

B) it contains interesting information about the subject’s private life
B) 它包含了关于主题私人生活的有趣信息

C) it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsiders
C) 它揭示了外界人士不知道的许多准确细节

D) it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subject’s character
D) 通常会给出对该主题性格的同情的描述

35. In this passage, the author focuses on ________.
35. 在这篇文章中，作者专注于__________。

A) the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his job
A) 传记作家在寻找合适的视角来完成他的工作的难度

B) the secret of a biographer to win more readers
B) 传记作家赢得更多读者的秘诀

C) the techniques required of a biographer to write a food biography
C) 编写食物传记所需的传记作家所需的技术

D) the characteristics of different kinds of biographies
D) 不同种类传记的特点

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
问题 36 至 40 基于以下段落。

Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby’s life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes then the face will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye then the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother’s back, infants to not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus one’s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one’s conversation partner.”
眼睛是否是“心灵的窗户”是有争议的，但它们在人际交流中的重要性是一个事实。在婴儿生命的头两个月，产生微笑的刺激是一对眼睛。眼睛不必是真实的：一个有两个点的面具也能产生微笑。值得注意的是，如果是一个有眼睛的真实人脸，那么这个脸不会激发微笑，如果只看到一个侧脸的眼睛，那么这个脸也不会激发微笑。这种对眼睛的吸引力，而不是鼻子或嘴巴的吸引力，随着婴儿的成长而持续。在一项研究中，当美国四岁的孩子被要求画人时，75%的人画了有嘴巴的人，但 99%的人画了有眼睛的人。然而，在日本，由于婴儿被背在母亲的背上，婴儿对眼睛的依恋不如其他文化中的婴儿那么强烈。因此，日本成年人很少使用面部表情来编码或解码意义。事实上，Argyle 揭示，在日本，“在对话中集中注意力的适当位置是对话者的脖子。”

The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves-to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the `precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.
眼神交流在两个美国人之间的对话中起着明确的作用：说话者与听众的眼睛接触大约一秒钟，然后在他们说话时瞥开；过一会儿，他们会重新与听众建立眼神接触或确认他们的观众仍然专注，然后再次转移目光。与此同时，听众保持目光在说话者的脸上，只允许自己短暂地瞥开。重要的是，他们在说话者重新建立眼神接触的“精确时刻”看着说话者：如果他们没有看，说话者会认为他们不感兴趣，要么会暂停直到眼神接触恢复，要么会结束对话。当两个说话者戴着深色眼镜时，这种眼神操作对保持对话流畅的重要性变得明显：可能会因为中断、错误的开始和不可预测的停顿而出现某种词语交通堵塞。

36. The author is convinced that the eyes are ________.
36. 作者坚信眼睛是 ________。

A) of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideas
A）在表达情感和交流思想方面极为重要

B) something through which one can see a person’s inner world
B) 通过它可以看到一个人的内心世界

C) of considerable significance in making conversations interesting
C) 在使对话有趣方面具有重要意义

D) something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate
D) 其价值很大程度上是一个长期争论的问题

37. Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person ________.
37. 婴儿不会因为一个人而受到微笑的刺激。

A) whose front view is fully perceived
A) 前视图完全可感知的

B) whose face is covered with a mask
B) 脸上戴着面具

C) whose face is seen from the side
C) 从侧面可以看到脸

D) whose face is free of any covering
D) 脸上没有任何遮盖

38. According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner’s neck because ________.
38. 根据文章，日本人将目光投向他们的对话伙伴的脖子，因为 ________.

A) they don’t like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker
他们不喜欢盯着说话者的脸看

B) they need not communicate through eye contact
B) 他们不需要通过眼神交流来沟通

C) they don’t think it polite to have eye contact
C) 他们认为不礼貌进行眼神交流

D) they didn’t have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood
D) 他们婴儿时期没有太多通过眼神交流进行沟通的机会

39. According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to ________.
39. 根据文章，两个美国人之间的对话可能因为 ________ 而破裂。

A) one temporarily glancing away from the other
A) 一方暂时转移视线

B) eye contact of more than one second
B) 超过一秒钟的眼神交流

C) improperly-timed ceasing of eye contact
C) 不恰当的视线中断

D) constant adjustment of eye contact
D) 持续调整眼神接触

40. To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants ________.
40. 为了使对话流畅进行，参与者最好______。

A) not to wear dark spectacles
A) 不要佩戴深色眼镜

B) not to make any interruptions
B) 不进行任何中断

C) not to glance away from each other
C) 不要互相看开

D) not to make unpredictable pauses
D) 不产生不可预测的停顿

1997年6月六级参考答案
1997 年 6 月六级参考答案

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
第二部分 阅读理解（35 分钟）

21. C 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A

26. B 27. D 28. B 29. B 30. D

31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A

36. A 37. C 38. D 39. C 40. A

1998年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷
1998 年 1 月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 大学英语六级考试(CET-6)历年真题

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
第二部分 阅读理解（35 分钟）

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them the re are four choices marked A)，B)，C), and D). you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
说明：本部分有 4 篇阅读文章。每篇文章后都附有一些问题或不完整的陈述。对于每个问题，都有四个选项 A)，B)，C)和 D)。你应该选择最佳答案，并在答题卡上用单线穿过中心标记相应的字母。

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
问题 21 至 25 基于以下段落。

A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin deep. One’s physical assets and liabilities don’t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.
一些常见的误解。美丽只是肤浅的。一个人的物质资产和负债在管理生涯中并不那么重要。女人应该总是尽力看起来最好。

Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not so beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.
在过去的 30 年里，社会科学家们对我们如何对美丽和不那么美丽的人做出反应进行了 1000 多项研究。几乎一致的结论是：外表很重要，比我们大多数人意识到的更重要。例如，数据显示，外表吸引人的人更有可能得到父母的良好对待，被寻求作为朋友，以及被追求浪漫关系。可能除了寻求管理职位的女性外，他们还更有可能被雇佣、获得高薪和晋升。

Un American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, or teachers or corporate personnel mangers-a piece of paper relating an individual’s accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.
一个美国人，你说，不公平且极其不可信？科学家们再次发现我们在口头上宣扬虔诚，而实际上却恰恰相反。他们的典型实验是这样的。他们给小组中的每个人——大学生、教师或企业人事经理——一张描述个人成就的纸条。纸条上附有一张照片。虽然所有的纸条都说的是一模一样的话，但照片却各不相同。有些照片展示了一个非常吸引人的人，有些是一个看起来很普通的人物，还有一些是一个特别不吸引人的人。要求小组成员对个人的某些属性进行评分，从个人温暖到晋升的可能性等各个方面。

Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.
几乎总是，图片中的人看起来越好，评价就越高。在社会科学家用来总结普遍看法的、借自萨福的短语中，美丽即善良。

In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire (追求) to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.
在商业领域，然而，女性的美貌具有两面性，而且比男性更为明显。犹他州立大学的一位教授，该领域的权威人士，解释说：在他们的职业生涯中，外貌吸引力对男性的影响只是适度的。但对外貌吸引力对女性的潜在影响可能非常巨大，例如，使更吸引人的女性更容易获得公众关注的职位。然而，另一方面，现在已经有足够的文献让我们得出结论，那些渴望担任管理职位的吸引人女性并不像那些可能不那么吸引人的女性那样顺利。

21. According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager ________.
21. 根据文章，人们常常错误地认为在追求成为一名经理的职业生涯中 ________。

A) a person’s property or debts do not matter much
A) 一个人拥有的财产或债务并不重要

B) a person’s outward appearance is not a critical qualification
B) 一个人外表不是关键资格

C) women should always dress fashionably
C) 女人应该总是穿着时尚

D) women should not only be attractive but also high minded
D) 女人不仅应该有吸引力，而且应该有高尚的品格

22. The result of research carried out by social scientists show that ________.
22. 社会科学家进行的研究结果表明，________。

A) people do not realize the importance of looking one’s best
A) 人们没有意识到保持最佳状态的重要性

B) women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well
B) 追求管理职位的女性不太可能得到高薪

C) good looking women aspire to managerial positions
C) 看起来好的女性渴望担任管理职位

D) attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not
D) 吸引力强的人通常比那些没有吸引力的人有优势

23. Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes ________.
23. 科学家进行的实验表明，当人们在某些属性上评估个人时。

A) they observe the principle that beauty is only skin deep
A) 他们认为美丽只是肤浅的表象

B) they do not usually act according to the views they support
B) 他们通常不会按照他们支持的观点行事

C) they give ordinary looking persons the lowest ratings
他们给看起来普通的人最低评分

D) they tend to base their judgment on the individual’s accomplishments
D) 他们倾向于根据个人的成就来判断

24. “Good looks cut both ways for women” (Line 1, Para. 5) means that ________.
24. “女性的美貌双刃剑” (第 5 段第 1 行) 的意思是 ________。

A) attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs
A) 吸引人的女性对公共职位有巨大的潜在影响

B) good looking women always get the best of everything
B) 看起来好的女人总是能得到最好的东西

C) being attractive is not always an advantage for women
C) 对女性来说，吸引人并不总是优势

D) attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions
D) 吸引人的女性在管理职位上的表现不如不吸引人的女性

25. It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world ________.
25. 从文章中可以推断出，在商业世界中 ________。

A) handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are
A)英俊的男性不像迷人的女性那样受外貌影响很大

B) physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well
B) 受公众关注的具有吸引力的女性通常表现得相当出色

C) physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite well
C) 物理上吸引人的男女公众人物通常相处得相当融洽

D) good looks are important for women as they are for men
D) 好看对女性和男性来说都很重要

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
问题 26 至 30 基于以下段落：

Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for our own population, the factory farming industry also argues that “hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry (家禽) industry”. In fact, rather than helping the fight against malnutrition (营养不良) in “hungry nations,” the spread of factory farming has, inevitably aggravated the problem.
对自家人口生产廉价食品的怀疑性主张不满，工厂化养殖行业还辩称“饥饿国家正从家禽（家禽）行业的进步中受益”。事实上，与其帮助“饥饿国家”对抗营养不良，工厂化养殖的传播不可避免地加剧了这个问题。

Large scale intensive meat and poultry production is a waste of food resources.
大规模密集型肉类和家禽生产是浪费食物资源。

This is because more protein has to be fed to animals in the form of vegetable matter than can ever be recovered in the form of meat. Much of the food value is lost in the animal’s process of digestion and cell replacement. Neither, in the ca se of chicken, can one eat feathers, blood, feet or head. In all, only about 44% of the live animal fits to be eaten as meat.
这是因为需要以植物物质的形式给动物喂食更多的蛋白质，而肉的形式永远无法恢复。大部分食物价值在动物消化和细胞替换的过程中丢失。在鸡的情况下，人们也不能吃羽毛、血液、脚或头。总的来说，只有大约 44%的活动物适合作为肉食用。

This means one has to feed approximately 9—10 times as much food value to the animal than one can consume from the carcass. As a system for feeding the hungry, the effects can prove disastrous. At times of crisis, grain is the food of life.
这意味着一个人必须给动物喂食大约 9-10 倍于从尸体中可以消耗的食物价值。作为一个解决饥饿的系统，其效果可能会证明是灾难性的。在危机时刻，谷物是生命的食物。

Nevertheless, the huge increase in poultry production throughout Asia and Africa continues. Normally British or US firms are involved. For instance, an American based multinational company has this year announced its involvement in projects in several African countries. Britain’s largest suppliers chickens, Ross Breeders, are also involved in projects all over the world.
尽管如此，亚洲和非洲家禽生产的巨大增长仍在继续。通常涉及的是英国或美国公司。例如，一家总部位于美国的跨国公司今年宣布参与多个非洲国家的项目。英国最大的鸡肉供应商罗斯育种公司也参与了全球各地的项目。

Because such trade is good for exports, Western governments encourage it. In 1979, a firm in Bangladesh called Phoenix Poultry received a grant to set up a unit of 6,000 chickens and 18,000 laying hens. This almost doubled the number of poultry kept in the country all at once.
因为这种贸易有利于出口，西方国家鼓励这种贸易。1979 年，孟加拉国一家名为凤凰家禽的公司获得了一笔拨款，用于建立一个拥有 6000 只鸡和 18000 只产蛋鸡的养殖单元。这几乎使该国一次性增加的家禽数量翻了一番。

But Bangladesh lacks capital, energy and food and has large numbers of unemployed. Such chicken raising demands capital for building and machinery, extensive use of energy resources for automation, and involves feeding chickens with potential famine relief protein food. At present, one of Bangladesh’s main imports is food grains, because the country is unable to grow enough food to feed its population. On what then can they possibly feed the chicken?
孟加拉国缺乏资本、能源和粮食，失业人数众多。这种养鸡需要资本用于建筑和机械，广泛使用能源资源进行自动化，并涉及用潜在的饥荒救济蛋白食品喂养鸡。目前，孟加拉国的主要进口之一是粮食，因为该国无法种植足够的粮食来养活其人口。那么他们究竟可以用什么来喂养鸡呢？

26. In this passage the author argues that ________.
26. 在这篇文章中，作者认为__________。

A) efficiency must be raised in the poultry industry
A) 禽类行业必须提高效率

B) raising poultry can provide more protein than growing grain
B）养鸡比种植谷物能提供更多的蛋白质

C) factory farming will do more harm than good to developing countries
C)工厂化养殖对发展中国家的危害将大于益处

D) hungry nations may benefit from the development of the poultry industry
D) 饥饿的国家可能从家禽业的发展中受益

27. According to the author, in factory, vegetable food ________.
27. 根据作者的说法，在工厂里，蔬菜食品 ________。

A) is easy for chickens to digest
A) 对鸡来说容易消化

B) is insufficient for the needs of poultry
B）不足以满足家禽的需求

C) is fully utilised in meat and egg production
C）在肉类和蛋类生产中得到充分利用

D) is inefficiently converted into meat and eggs
D）被低效地转化为肉类和鸡蛋

28. Western governments encourage the poultry industry in Asia because they regard it as an effective way to ________.
28. 西方政府鼓励亚洲的禽业，因为他们认为这是有效的方式来实现__________。

A) boost their own exports
A) 提高自己的出口

B) alleviate malnutrition in Asian countries
B) 缓解亚洲国家的营养不良问题

C) create job opportunities in Asian countries
C) 在亚洲国家创造就业机会

D) promote the exports of Asian countries
D) 促进亚洲国家出口

29. The word “carcass” (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably means “________”.
29. “carcass”（第 3 段第 2 行）一词最可能的意思是“尸体”。

A) vegetables preserved for future use
A) 保存供将来使用的蔬菜

B) the dead body of an animal ready to be cut into meat
B) 准备切割成肉类的动物尸体

C) expensive food that consumers can hardly afford
C) 消费者难以负担的昂贵食物

D) meat canned for future consumption
D) 为未来消费而罐装的肉类

30. What the last paragraph tells us is the author’s ________.
30. 最后一段告诉我们的是作者的观点。

A) detailed analysis of the ways of raising poultry in Bangladesh
A）孟加拉国养鸡方式的详细分析

B) great appreciation of the development of poultry industry in Bangladesh
B) 对孟加拉国家禽业发展的极大赞赏

C) critical view on the development of the poultry industry in Bangladesh
C) 对孟加拉国家禽业发展的批判性观点

D) practical suggestion for the improvement of the poultry industry in Bangladesh
D) 关于孟加拉国家禽业改进的实际建议

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
问题 31 至 35 基于以下段落。

We all have offensive breath at one time or another. In most cases, offensive breath emanates from bacteria in the mouth, although there are other more causes.
我们都有过口臭的时候。在大多数情况下，口臭是由口腔中的细菌引起的，尽管还有其他更多原因。

Until a few years ago, the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness. Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition.
直到几年前，医生们所能做的最多就是建议有口臭的病人保持口腔卫生。现在，他们正在寻找治疗这种通常可治愈状况的新方法。

Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva (唾液) slows. Our mouths are full of bacteria feeding on protein in bits of food and shed tissue. The bacteria emit evil smelling gases, the worst of which is hydrogen sulfide (硫 化物).
口臭可能发生在唾液正常流动减慢的时候。我们的口中充满了细菌，它们在食物碎片和脱落组织中摄取蛋白质。这些细菌会释放恶臭的气体，其中最糟糕的是硫化氢。

Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions. Oxygen rich saliva keeps their numbers down. When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulfur producing bacteria gain the upper hand, producing classic “morning breath”.
口腔细菌在无氧条件下繁盛。富含氧气的唾液可以抑制它们的数量。例如，当我们睡觉时，唾液流动减慢，产硫细菌占据上风，产生典型的“晨间口气”。

Alcohol hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath. So can stress, though it’s not understood why. Some people’s breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview.
酒精渴望，过多说话，运动时通过嘴巴呼吸，任何使嘴巴干燥的东西都会产生恶臭。所以压力也会，尽管不清楚为什么。有些人每次参加面试，呼吸都会变酸。

Saliva flow gradually slows with age, which explains why the elderly have more bad breath trouble than younger people do. Babies, however, who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.
唾液分泌随着年龄的增长逐渐减慢，这解释了为什么老年人比年轻人更容易有口臭问题。然而，婴儿由于唾液分泌充足且口中细菌相对较少，通常有甜美的口气。

For most of us, the simple, dry mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured. Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria. Breakfast often stops morning breath.
对于我们大多数人来说，简单的口干口臭很容易治愈。进食或饮水会刺激唾液分泌，清除许多细菌。早餐通常可以消除晨间口气。

Those with chronic dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum, hard candy, or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria.
那些患有慢性口干的人发现，随身携带口香糖、硬糖或一瓶水或果汁很有帮助。刷牙可以消除口干和口臭，因为它可以清除掉许多令人讨厌的细菌。

Surprisingly, one thing that rarely works is mouthwash. The liquid can mask bad breath odor with its own smell, but the effect lasts no more than an hour. Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath. The trouble is, they don’t necessarily reach all offending germs. Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus (粘液). If the mouthwash contains alcohol-as most do-it can intensify the problem by drying out the mouth.
令人惊讶的是，很少有效果的一件事就是漱口水。这种液体可以用自己的气味掩盖口臭，但效果最多只能持续一个小时。一些漱口水声称可以杀死导致口臭的细菌。问题是，它们并不一定能到达所有有害细菌。大多数细菌在粘液（粘液）的厚厚层下得到了很好的保护。如果漱口水含有酒精——大多数都含有——它可能会通过使口腔干燥而加剧问题。

31. The phrase “emanate from” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “________”.
31. 第 1 段中“emanate from”这个短语最可能意味着“源自”。

A) thrive on
A) 依赖生存

B) account for
B) 考虑

C) originate from
C) 来自

D) descend from
D) 降自

32. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?
32. 以下哪项被提及为口臭的原因之一？

A) Tooth trouble.
A) 牙齿问题。

B) Sulfur rich food.
B) 富含硫的食物。

C) Too much exercise.
C) 过度运动。

D) Mental strain.
D) 精神压力。

33. According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because ________.
33. 根据文章，酒精与口臭有关主要是因为 ________。

A) it keeps offending bacteria from reproducing
A) 它阻止了细菌繁殖

B) its smell adds to bad breath
B) 它的气味增加了口臭

C) it kills some helpful bacteria
C) 它杀死了某些有益的细菌

D) it affects the normal flow of saliva
D) 影响唾液的正常流动

34. Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because ________.
34. 口腔清洁剂并不是治疗口臭的有效方法，主要是因为 ________。

A) they can’t mask the bad odor long enough
他们无法长时间掩盖恶臭

B) they can’t get to all the offending bacteria
B) 他们无法到达所有有害细菌

C) their strong smell mixes with bad breath and makes it worse
C) 他们强烈的气味与口臭混合，使情况变得更糟

D) they can’t cover the thick layers of mucus
他们无法覆盖厚厚的粘液层

35. We can infer from this passage that ________.
35. 我们可以从这篇文章中推断出 ________。

A) offensive breath can’t easily be cured
A) 有攻击性的口气难以轻易治愈

B) elderly people are less offended by bad breath
B) 老年人对口臭的冒犯较少

C) heavy drinkers are less affected by bad breath
C) 重度饮酒者受口臭影响较小

D) offensive breath is less affected by alcohol
D) 刺激性呼吸受酒精影响较小

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
问题 36 至 40 基于以下段落。

“Welcome to the U.S.A.! Major Credit cards accepted!”
欢迎来到美国！主要信用卡通用！

By the millions they are coming no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched mass longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. “We don’t have a budget,” says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York City’s South Street. “We just use our credit cards.”
数百万人在涌来，不再是疲惫、贫穷、悲惨的大众，渴望更好的生活。这些人是有钱人。“我们没有预算，”一位来自巴西的生物学家在纽约市南街与两位同伴散步时说，“我们只用信用卡。”

The U.S. has long been one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional. First there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe; then came the weakening of the U.S. dollar against major currencies. Now the U.S., still the world’s superpower, can also claim to be the world’s bargain basement (廉价商品部). Nobody undersells America these days on just about everything, from consumer electronics to fashion clothes to tennis rackets. Bottom retail prices-anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia-have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $79 billion in 1994. That’s up from $74 billion the year before.
美国长期以来一直是世界上最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一，但今年却格外突出。首先，有世界杯，吸引了来自全球各地的成千上万的人；接着，美元对主要货币的贬值。现在，美国仍然是世界上的超级大国，也可以自称是世界上的廉价商品部。如今，在几乎所有方面，从消费电子产品到时尚服装到网球拍，没有人能比美国卖得更便宜。最低零售价格——比欧洲和亚洲低 30%到 70%——吸引了大约 4700 万游客，预计他们在 1994 年将留下 790 亿美元。这比前一年增加了 70 亿美元。

True, not everyone comes just for brains. There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and U.S. television series. But shopping the U.S.A. is proving irresistible. Every week thousands arrive with empty suitcases ready to be filled; some even rent an additional hotel room to hold their purchases. The buying binge (无节制) has become as important as watching Old Faithful Fountains erupt in Yellowstone Park or sunbathing on a beach in Florida.
确实，并非每个人都只是为了头脑而来。好莱坞电影和美国电视剧滋养了全世界对美国的一切事物都难以抗拒的迷恋。但购物美国正变得无法抗拒。每周都有成千上万的人带着空箱子到来，准备装满东西；有些人甚至租用额外的酒店房间来存放他们的购买物品。这种购物狂潮（无节制）已经变得和观看黄石公园的老忠实喷泉喷发或在佛罗里达海滩上晒太阳一样重要。

The U.S. has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: the pouring in of foreign tourists may not always be convenient, but is does put money in the bank. And with a trade deficit at about $130 billion and growing for the past 12 months, the U.S. needs all the deposits it can get. Compared with American tourists abroad, visitors to the U.S. stay longer and spend more money at each stop; an average of 12.2 night and $ traveller versus the American s’ four nights and $298.
美国最终开始认识到其他国家早已学到的道理：外国游客的大量涌入可能并不总是方便，但确实能将钱存入银行。而且，在过去 12 个月中，美国的贸易逆差约为 1300 亿美元，并且还在增长，因此美国需要尽可能多的存款。与美国游客在国外相比，来美国的游客停留时间更长，在每个地方的花费也更多；平均每晚 12.2 晚和$旅行者，而美国游客则是四晚和$298。

36. From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourists like her ________.
36. 从巴西生物学家的话中，我们知道游客们喜欢她__________。

A) are reluctant to carry cash with them
A) 不愿意随身携带现金

B) simply don’t care how much they spend
B) 简单地不在乎他们花了多少钱

C) are not good at planning their expenditure
C) 不擅长规划他们的支出

D) often spend more money than they can afford
D) 经常花费超过他们负担得起的金额

37. The reason why 1994 was exceptional is that ________.
37. 1994 年之所以非凡，是因为__________。

A) it saw an unusually large number of tourists to the U.S.
A) 它看到了美国游客数量异常庞大

B) it witnessed a drop in the number of tourists to the U.S.
B) 它见证了前往美国的游客数量下降

C) tourism was hardly affected by the weakening of the U.S. dollar that year
C) 那年美元贬值对旅游业几乎没有影响

D) tourists came to the U.S. for sightseeing rather than for bargains that year
D) 那年游客来美国是为了观光而不是为了购物

38. By saying “nobody undersells America” (Line 4, Para. 3), the author means that ________.
38. 通过说“没有人能比美国卖得更便宜”（第 3 段第 4 行），作者的意思是……

A) no other country underestimates the competitiveness of American products
A) 没有其他国家低估美国产品的竞争力

B) nobody expects the Americans to cut the prices of their commodities
B) 没有人预料到美国人会降低他们的商品价格

C) nobody restrains the selling of American goods
C) 没有人限制美国商品的出售

D) no other country sells at a lower price that America
D) 没有其他国家比美国卖得更便宜

39. Why does the author assert that all things American are fascinating to foreigners?
39. 为什么作者断言所有美国事物都对外国人充满魅力？

A) Because they have gained much publicity through the American media.
A) 因为它们通过美国媒体获得了大量曝光。

B) Because they represent the world’s latest fashions.
B) 因为它们代表了世界上最时尚的潮流。

C) Because they embody the most sophisticated technology.
C) 因为它们体现了最先进的技术。

D) Because they are available at all tourist destinations.
D) 因为它们在所有旅游目的地都有。

40. From the passage we can conclude that the U.S. has come to realize ________.
40. 从这段文字中我们可以得出结论，美国已经意识到 ________。

A) the weakening if the U.S. dollar can result in trade deficits
A) 美元贬值可能导致贸易逆差

B) the lower the retail prices, the greater the profits
B）零售价格越低，利润越大

C) tourism can make great contributions to its economy
C) 旅游业可以对其经济做出巨大贡献

D) visitors to the U.S. are wealthier than U.S. tourists abroad
D) 美国游客在国外比美国游客更富有

1998年1月六级参考答案
1998 年 1 月六级参考答案 六级参考答案

Part II Reading Comprehension
第二部分 阅读理解

21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A

26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C

31. C 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. A

36. B 37. A 38. D 39. A 40. C

1998年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷
1998 年 6 月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 大学英语六级考试(CET-6)历年真题

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
第二部分 阅读理解（35 分钟）

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A)，B), C), and D). You should divide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
说明：本部分有 4 篇阅读文章。每篇文章后都附有一些问题或不完整的陈述。对于每个问题，都有四个选项，分别标记为 A)，B)，C)，和 D)。你应该选择最佳答案，并在答题卡上用单横线标出对应的字母。

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
问题 21 至 25 基于以下段落。

Cyberspace (网络空间)， data superhighways, mullet media-for those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives for ever, Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia (乌托邦) little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the “how,” the question of “for whom” is put aside once again.
网络空间（网络空间），数据高速公路，多媒体——对于那些已经看到未来的人来说，计算机、电视和电话的连接将永远改变我们的生活，然而，尽管人们对即将到来的技术乌托邦（乌托邦）谈论得很多，但很少有人关注这些发展对穷人的影响。就像所有新的高科技一样，当西方关注“如何”时，“为了谁”的问题又一次被搁置。

Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transitional corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets-with destructive impact on the have-nots.
经济学家们现在才意识到通信革命对世界经济影响的全面程度。信息技术使得贸易可以跨越地理和产业界限，转型公司充分利用了这一点。贸易条件、汇率、利率和货币流动比商品生产更重要。信息技术带来的电子经济使得拥有者能够增加对全球市场的控制——对无拥有者产生破坏性影响。

For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As “futures”(期货) are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies.
对于他们来说，结果是不稳定。依赖出口少量商品的发展中国家感觉自己像是国际经济机器中的小部件。随着“期货”（期货）在电脑屏幕上交易，发展中国家对自身命运的控制越来越少。

So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves-so-called “development communications” modernization. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries’ economies.
那么，恢复控制权有哪些选择？一个替代方案是发展中国家自己购买最新的计算机和电信设备——所谓的“发展通信”现代化。然而，这可能导致长期依赖，也许会对发展中国家的经济造成永久性限制。

Communications technology is generally exported from the U.S., Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries, It is also expensive, and imported products and services must therefore be bought on credit-credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain.
通信技术通常从美国、欧洲或日本出口；专利、技能和制造能力掌握在少数工业化国家手中，这也非常昂贵，因此必须以信用购买进口的产品和服务——通常是由那些公司有望从中获益的国家提供的信用。

Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit it for native development. This means that while local elites, foreign communities and subsidiaries of transitional corporations may benefit, those lives depend on access to the information are denied it.
此外，当引入新技术时，通常缺乏足够的专业知识来利用它进行本地开发。这意味着虽然当地精英、外国社区和过渡性公司的子公司可能从中受益，但那些依赖信息生活的人却被剥夺了这种机会。

21. From the passage we know that the development of high technology is in the interests of ________.
21. 从这段文字中我们可以知道，高科技的发展符合______的利益。

A) the rich countries
A) 发达国家

B) scientific development
B) 科学发展

C) the elite
C) 精英

D) the world economy
D) 世界经济

22. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
22. 从文章中可以推断出 ________。

A) international trade should be expanded
A) 应该扩大国际贸易

B) the interests of the poor countries have not been given enough consideration
B) 贫困国家的利益没有得到足够的考虑

C) the exports of the poor countries should be increased
C) 贫困国家的出口应该增加

D) communications technology in the developing countries should be modernized
D) 发展中国家应实现通信技术的现代化

23. Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on developing countries?
23. 作者为什么说数字经济可能对发展中国家产生破坏性影响？

A) Because it enables the developed countries to control the international market.
A) 因为它使发达国家能够控制国际市场。

B) Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries.
B) 因为它破坏了贫困国家的经济平衡。

C) Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.
C) 因为它侵犯了贫困国家的国家边界。

D) Because it inhibits the industrial growth of developing countries.
D) 因为它阻碍了发展中国家的工业增长。

24. The development of modern communications technology in developing countries may ________.
24. 发展中国家现代通信技术的进步可能会导致……

A) hinder their industrial production
阻碍他们的工业生产

B) cause them to lose control of their trade
B) 导致他们失去对贸易的控制

C) force them to reduce their share of exports
C) 迫使他们减少出口份额

D) cost them their economic independence
D) 使他们失去了经济独立

25. The author’s attitude toward the communications revolution is ________.
25. 作者对通信革命的态度是 ________。

A) positive
A) 正面

B) critical
B) 关键的

C) indifferent
C) 冷漠

D) tolerant
宽容的

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
第 26 至 30 题基于以下段落。

The estimates of the numbers of home-schooled children vary widely. The U.S. Department of Education estimates there are 250,000 to 35,000 home-schooled children in the country. Hone-school advocates put the number much higher-at about a million.
家庭教育儿童的数量估计差异很大。美国教育部估计，全国有 25 万至 35 万在家上学的儿童。在家教育倡导者将这个数字定得更高，大约为一百万。

Many public school advocates take a harsh attitude toward home schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face for public education and a damaging move for the children. Home schoolers harbor few kind words for public schools, charging shortcomings that range from lack of religious perspective in the curriculum to a herd-like approach to teaching children.
许多公立学校倡导者对在家上学的人持严厉态度，认为他们的行为是对公立教育的最终侮辱，也是对儿童有害的行为。在家上学的人对公立学校几乎没有好话，指责其从课程中缺乏宗教视角到对儿童教学的群居式方法等种种不足。

Yet, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home-school population, and as home schoolers realize they can reap benefits from public schools, these hard lines seem to be softening a bit. Public schoolers have moved closer to tolerance and, in some cases, even cooperation.
然而，随着公立学校官员意识到他们对持反对态度的在家教育群体所获得的利益微乎其微，以及在家教育者意识到他们可以从公立学校中获得好处，这些强硬立场似乎有所缓和。公立学校的学生们更加宽容，在某些情况下甚至开始合作。

Says John Marshall, an education official, “We are becoming relatively tolerant of home schoolers. “The idea is, ‘Let’s give the kids access to public school so they’ll see it’s not as terrible as they’ve been told, and they’ll want to come back.
约翰·马歇尔，一位教育官员表示：“我们越来越宽容家庭学校的学生了。”想法是：“让我们让孩子们有机会进入公立学校，这样他们就会看到它并没有他们所听说得那么糟糕，他们就会想要回来。”

Perhaps, but don’t count on it, say home-school advocates. Home schoolers, oppose the system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education-whether fueled by religious enthusiasm or the individual child’s interests and natural pace-is best.
或许吧，但别指望它，家庭教育倡导者表示。在家上学的家长反对这个系统，因为他们坚信他们的教育方法——无论是受到宗教热情的推动还是基于个别孩子的兴趣和自然节奏——才是最好的。

“The bulk of home schoolers just want to be left alone,” says Enge Cannon, associate director of the National Center For Home Education. She says home schoolers choose that path for a variety of reasons, but religion plays a role 85 percent of the time.
“大多数在家上学的家长只想被留下，”国家家庭教育中心副总监恩吉·卡农说。她说，在家上学的家长选择这条道路有多种原因，但 85%的时间宗教因素起了作用。

Professor Van Galen breaks home schoolers into two groups. Some home schoolers want their children to learn not only traditional subject matter but also “strict religious doctrine and a conservative political and social perspective. Not incidentally, they also want their children to learn-both intellectually and emotionally-that the family is the most important institution in society. “
范·加伦教授将家庭学校的学生分为两组。一些家庭学校的学生希望他们的孩子不仅学习传统学科，还要学习“严格的宗教教义和保守的政治和社会观点。顺便说一句，他们还希望他们的孩子从智力上和情感上认识到家庭是社会最重要的机构。”

Other home schoolers contend “not so much that the schools teach heresy (异端邪说), but that schools teach whatever they teach inappropriately,” Van Galen writes. “These parents are highly independent and strive to ‘take responsibility’ for their own lives within a society that they define as bureaucratic and inefficient.”
其他在家教育者认为：“与其说学校教授异端邪说，不如说学校以不恰当的方式教授他们所教授的内容，”范·加伦写道。“这些家长非常独立，并努力在一个他们定义为官僚和低效的社会中为自己的生活承担责任。”

26. According to the passage, home schoolers are ________.
26. 根据文章，在家上学的学生是 ________。

A) those who engage private teachers to provide additional education for their children
A) 那些雇佣私人教师为他们的孩子提供额外教育的人

B) those who educate their children at home instead of sending them to school
B) 那些在家教育孩子而不是送他们去学校的人

C) those who advocate combining public education with home schooling
C) 那些主张将公立教育与家庭教育相结合的人

D) those who don’t go to school but are educated at home by their parents
D) 那些不上学但由父母在家教育的孩子

27. Public schools are softening their position on home schooling because ________.
27. 公立学校正在软化对家庭教育的立场，因为________。

A) there isn’t much they can go to change the present situation
A) 他们无法改变现状的情况并不多

B) they want to show their tolerance for different situation
B) 他们想展示对不同情况的容忍度

C) home schooling provides a new variety of education for children
C) 家庭教育为儿童提供了一种新的教育方式

D) public schools have so many problems that they cannot offer proper education for all children
D) 公立学校存在许多问题，无法为所有儿童提供适当的教育

28. Home-school advocates are of the opinion that ________.
28. 家长学校倡导者认为 ________。

A) things in public schools are not so bad as has often been said
A) 公立学校中的事情并没有人们常说的那么糟糕

B) their tolerance of public education will attract more kids to public schools
B) 他们对公共教育的容忍度将吸引更多孩子就读公立学校

C) home schooling is superior and, therefore, they will not easily give in
C) 家庭教育更优越，因此他们不会轻易屈服

D) their increased cooperation with public school will bring about the improvement of public education
D) 他们与公立学校的合作增加将促进公立教育的改善

29. Most home schoolers’ opposition to public education stems from their ________.
29. 大多数家庭学校学生的反对公立教育源于他们的__________。

A) respect for the interest of individuals
A) 尊重个人利益

B) worry about the inefficiency of public schools
B) 担心公立学校的低效率

C) concern with the cost involved
C) 涉及的成本问题

D) devotion to religion
D) 对宗教的虔诚

30. According to Van Galen some home schoolers believe that ________.
30. 根据范·加伦的说法，一些在家上学的家长认为……

A) public schools take up a herd-like approach to teaching children
A) 公立学校采取类似牧群的教学方式

B) teachers in public school are not as responsible as they should be
B) 公办学校的教师没有他们应该承担的责任

C) public schools cannot provide an education that is good enough for their children
C) 公立学校无法为他们的孩子提供足够好的教育

D) public schools are the source of bureaucracy and inefficiency in modern society
D) 公立学校是现代社会官僚主义和低效率的根源

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
问题 31 至 35 基于以下段落。

Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forbid the practice of making ads louder than the programming. In addition, television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowed for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information why do commercials sound so loud?
每年电视台都会收到数百起关于广告音量过大的投诉。然而，联邦法规禁止将广告音量调得比节目音量更大。此外，出于效率的考虑，电视台总是以允许的最高音量运行。据一位 NBC 高管表示，广告和节目的峰值音量没有区别。根据这些信息，为什么广告听起来这么响亮呢？

The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its speak level. Advertisers are skilful at creating the impression of loudness through their expert use of such factors. One major contributor to the perceived loudness of commercials is that mush less variation in sound level occurs during a commercial. In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels.
声音的感觉除了其音量水平外，还涉及多种因素。广告商擅长通过他们对这些因素的熟练运用来创造响亮的感觉。商业广告中声音感知响度的一个主要贡献者是，在广告期间声音水平的波动要少得多。在常规节目中，声音强度在很大范围内变化。然而，商业广告中的声音水平往往保持在或接近峰值。

Other “tricks of the trade” are also used. Because low-frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds, advertisers filter out any noises that may drown out the primary message. In addition, the human voice has more auditory (听觉的) impact in the middle frequency ranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script so that lots of consonants (辅音) are used, because people are more aware of consonants than vowel (元音) sounds. Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of the programming within which the commercial is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming, a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewer a attention. For example, notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.
其他“行业技巧”也被使用。因为低频声音可以掩盖高频声音，广告商过滤掉可能淹没主要信息的任何噪音。此外，人声在中频范围内有更大的听觉影响。广告商通过电子方式改变声音，使其保持在这样的频段内。另一种方法是编写脚本，使用大量的辅音，因为人们比元音声音更注意辅音。最后，广告商试图以与广告嵌入的节目中的声音高度不同的声音开始商业广告。因为人们已经习惯了来自节目的声音类型，声音质量的巨大变化会吸引观众的注意。例如，注意有多少商业广告以某种类型的欢快歌曲开始。

The attention-getting property of commercials can be seen by observing one-to two-year-old children who happen to be playing around a television set. They may totally ignore the programming. However, when a commercial comes on, their attention is immediately drawn to it because of its dramatic sound quality.
电视广告的吸引注意力的特性可以通过观察在电视周围玩耍的一到两岁儿童来看出。他们可能会完全忽略节目内容。然而，当广告开始播放时，由于其戏剧性的音质，他们的注意力会立即被吸引到它上面。

31. According to the passage, the maximum intensity of sound coming from commercials ________.
31. 根据文章，来自广告的最大音量 ________。

A) does not exceed that of programs
A) 不超过程序的范围

B) is greater than that of programs
B) 大于程序的那个

C) varies over a large range than that of programs
C) 范围比程序大得多

D) is less than that of programs
D) 小于程序的那个

32. Commercials create the sensation of loudness because ________.
32. 商业广告之所以产生响亮的感觉，是因为 ________。

A) TV stations always operate at the highest sound levels
A) 电视台总是以最高的音量运行

B) their sound levels are kept around peak levels
B) 他们的声音水平保持在峰值水平

C) their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency ranges
C) 他们的声音水平保持在中等频率范围内

D) unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range
D) 与常规程序不同，它们的音量强度在很大范围内变化

33. Many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some kind because ________.
33. 许多广告以某种欢快的歌曲开始，因为__________。

A) pop songs attract viewer attention
A) 流行歌曲吸引观众注意

B) it can increase their loudness
B) 它可以增加它们的响度

C) advertisers want to make them sound different from regular programs
C) 广告商希望让他们听起来与常规节目不同

D) advertisers want to merge music with commercials
D) 广告商希望将音乐与广告合并

34. One of the reasons why commercials are able to attract viewer attention is that ________.
34. 商业广告能够吸引观众注意力的一个原因是因为 ________。

A) the human voices in commercials have more auditory impact
A) 商业广告中的人声更具听觉冲击力

B) people like cheerful songs that change dramatically in sound quality
B) 人们喜欢音质变化很大的欢快歌曲

C) high-frequency sounds are used to mask sounds that drown out the primary message
C) 高频声音用于掩盖淹没主要信息的噪音

D) they possess sound qualities that make the viewer feel that something unusual is happening
D) 它们拥有使观众感觉到正在发生不寻常事情的声音品质

35. In the passage, the author is trying to tell us ________.
35. 在这段文字中，作者试图告诉我们 ________。

A) how TV ads vary vocal sounds to attract attention
A) 电视广告如何通过变化音调来吸引注意力

B) how the loudness of TV ads is overcome
B) 如何克服电视广告的音量

C) how advertisers control the sound properties of TV ads
C) 广告商如何控制电视广告的声音属性

D) how the attention-getting properties of sounds are made use of in TV ads
D) 电视广告如何利用声音的吸引注意力的特性

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
问题 36 至 40 基于以下段落。

In the United States, the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species’ living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the s, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United States were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl (猫头鹰), whose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutters-and the owls-was still undecided in mid-1992.
在美国，自 1973 年《濒危物种法》通过以来，保护植物和动物物种的需求已成为一个高度争议和尖锐的政治问题。该法案旨在保护物种的栖息地，以及保护土地和森林的政策与经济利益相竞争。例如，在 20 世纪，美国西部的伐木工人在试图在喀斯喀特山脉砍伐树木用于木材时，遭到了法律上的挑战。挑战是为了保护濒危的斑点猫头鹰（猫头鹰），其剩余的种群占据这些森林，并需要完整的、古老的森林来生存。这种问题局面将环保主义者的利益与公司的利益以及可能失去工作的人的利益对立起来。经过数月的辩论和法律斗争，到 1992 年中期，伐木工人的命运——以及猫头鹰的命运——仍未确定。

Similar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may be impoverished (使穷困), with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.
发达国家和发展中国家之间存在类似的紧张关系。例如，许多工业化国家的人们认为，热带地区的发展中国家应该更多地保护他们的雨林和其他自然区域。但发展中国家可能因人口增长过快而贫困，使用土地是暂时避免贫困和饥饿加剧的手段。

Many of the changes to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the planet of its biological richness. The destruction of Earth’s ozone layer (臭氧层), for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earth’s complex web life.
许多科学家关注的地球变化，有可能剥夺地球的生物多样性。例如，地球臭氧层的破坏可能导致资源枯竭的过程，因为这将允许紫外线伤害植物和动物。而且全球变暖可能会消灭那些无法快速适应气候变化物种。显然，保护地球只能通过协调的国际努力，控制人口，稳定大气成分，并保护地球复杂的生命网络。

36. Why does the author say that the protection of endangered species is a highly controversial issue?
36. 作者为什么说保护濒危物种是一个极具争议的问题？

A) Because people can’t agree as to what species to protect.
A) 因为人们无法就保护哪种物种达成一致。

B) Because it is difficult to find an effective way to protect such species.
B) 因为很难找到一种有效的方法来保护这些物种。

C) Because it affects the interests of certain groups of people.
C) 因为它影响了某些人群的利益。

D) Because it is a major problem involving a series of legal procedures.
D) 因为这是一个涉及一系列法律程序的重大问题。

37. According to the passage, the preservation of rain forests ________.
37. 根据文章，热带雨林的保存 ________。

A) may hamper a developing country in its fight against poverty
A) 可能会阻碍发展中国家在反贫困斗争中

B) benefits developed countries rather than developing countries
B) 优惠发达国家而非发展中国家

C) should take priority over the control of human population
C) 应优先于控制人口

D) will help improve the living conditions in developing countries
D) 将有助于改善发展中国家的生活条件

38. According to the passage, cutting tress to grow more food ________.
38. 根据文章，砍伐树木以种植更多食物 ________。

A) will widen the gap between the developed and the developing countries
A) 将扩大发达国家与发展中国家之间的差距

B) is but a short-term relief to the food problem
B）只是对食品问题的一种短期缓解

C) can hardly alleviate the shortage of food
C)几乎无法缓解粮食短缺

D) proves to be an effective way out for impoverished nations
D）被证明是贫困国家的一条有效出路

39. Among “humanity’s current problems” (Line 6, Para. 3), the chief concern of the scientists is ________.
39. 在“人类当前的问题”（第 3 段第 6 行）中，科学家们的主要关注点是________。

A) the impoverishment of developing countries
A) 发展中国家的贫困化

B) the explosion of the human population
B) 人类人口的爆炸

C) the reduction of biological diversity
C) 生物多样性的减少

D) the effect of global warming
D) 全球变暖的影响

40. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is ________.
40. 作者撰写本段文字的目的是 ________。

A) to describe the difficulties in solving humanity’s current problems
A) 描述解决人类当前问题的困难

B) to present the different views on humanity’s current problems
B) 介绍关于人类当前问题的不同观点

C) to analyze the contradiction between countries in dealing with humanity’s current problems
C) 分析各国在应对人类当前问题时的矛盾

D) to point out that humanity’s current problems can only be solved through the cooperation of nations
D) 指出人类当前的问题只能通过国家间的合作来解决

1998年6月六级参考答案
1998 年 6 月六级参考答案

Part II
第二部分

21. A 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B

26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C

31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. D

36. C 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. D

1999年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷
1999 年 1 月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 大学英语六级考试(CET-6)历年真题

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
第二部分 阅读理解（35 分钟）

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them the re are four choices marked A)，B), C), and D). You should deicide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
说明：本部分有 4 篇阅读文章。每篇文章后都附有一些问题或不完整的陈述。对于每个问题，都有四个选项，分别标记为 A)，B)，C)，和 D)。你应该决定最佳选择，并在答题卡上用单横线标出相应的字母。

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
问题 21 至 25 基于以下段落。

Many Americans harbour a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe, “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there.”
许多美国人对于大多数与食品相关的风险持有极度扭曲和夸张的看法。马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校食品科学与营养系主任 Fergus Clydesdale 直言不讳地说，如果细菌污染鸡肉的危险性像有些人相信的那样大，“街道上就会到处都是躺着的行人。”

Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticides (杀虫剂). Says he: “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare.” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens-a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms (磨菇) might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives (添加剂). Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University: “We’ve got fat worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made.”
尽管公众越来越要求无风险食品，但这样的东西并不存在。加州大学伯克利分校生物化学系主任布鲁斯·艾姆斯指出，植物重量的 10%以上是由天然杀虫剂（杀虫剂）组成的。他说：“由于植物没有牙齿或牙齿来保护自己，它们采取化学战。”而且，许多自然产生的化学物质，尽管含量极小，但在实验室测试中被证明是强烈的致癌物质——一种可以引起癌症的物质。如果按照适用于食品添加剂（添加剂）的标准来评判，蘑菇（磨菇）可能会被禁止。康奈尔大学营养学家克里斯蒂娜·斯塔克宣称：“我们食品供应中比任何人工合成的化学物质更糟糕的天然化学物质。”

Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day be cause of what they eat and drink.
然而，问题并不那么简单。虽然美国人没有理由害怕坐在餐桌旁，但他们有充分的理由要求在食品和水安全方面有显著的改善。他们不知不觉地、不愿意地摄入了过多的危险化学物质。如果食物已经含有天然致癌物，那么添加几十种新的合成致癌物就没有太多意义。尽管大多数人可以承受食物和水中通常发现的少量污染物，但至少有少数人可能会因为所吃和所喝的东西而有一天患上癌症。

To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens.
为了使食品和水源供应更加完善，政府需要加强监管标准，严格检查程序并强化执法政策。食品行业应修改一些长期接受的做法或转向更安全的替代方案。也许最重要的是，消费者必须更好地学习如何正确处理和烹饪食物。需要解决的问题贯穿整个食品供应链，从田间到加工厂再到厨房。

21. What does the author think of the Americans’ view of their food?
21. 作者如何看待美国人对自己食物的看法？

A) They overstate the government’s interference with the food industry.
他们夸大了政府对食品行业的干预。

B) They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food.
B) 他们对自己的食品安全过于乐观。

C) They overestimate the hazards of their food.
他们高估了他们食物的危害。

D) They overlook the risks of the food they eat.
他们忽视了他们所吃食物的风险。

22. The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because ________.
22. 作者认为获得无风险食品是不可能的，因为________。

A) no food is free from pollution in the environment
A) 没有任何食物在环境中是完全免受污染的

B) pesticides are widely used in agriculture
B) 农业中广泛使用农药

C) many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals
C) 许多蔬菜含有危险的自然化学物质

D) almost all foods have additives
D) 几乎所有食品都含有添加剂

23. By saying “they employ chemical warfare” (Line 4, Para. 2), Bruce Ames means “________”.
23. 通过说“他们使用化学战”（第 2 段第 4 行），布鲁斯·艾姆斯的意思是“________”。

A) plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseases
A) 植物产生某些化学物质来抵抗害虫和疾病

B) plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growth
B) 植物吸收有用的化学物质以促进其生长

C) farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plants
C) 农民使用人工化学物质来溶解植物中的天然化学物质

D) farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases
D) 农民使用化学物质来保护植物免受病虫害

24. The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on ________.
24. 食品中可能危害的减少最终取决于__________。

A) the government
A) 政府

B) the consumer
B) 消费者

C) the processor
C) 处理器

D) the grower
D) 种植者

25. What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?
25. 作者在这段中想要传达什么样的信息？

A) Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.
A) 进食和饮水比以前更具危险性。

B) Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing.
B) 必须立即采取措施提高食品生产和加工。

C) Health food is not a dream in modern society.
C) 健康食品在现代社会不再是梦想。

D) There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption.
D) 在食品消费方面，有谨慎的理由，但没有引起恐慌的原因。

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
第 26 至 30 题基于以下段落。

There are some each phenomena you can count on, but the magnetic field, someday is not of them. It fluctuates in strength, drifts from its axis, and every few 100,000 years undergo, dramatic polarity reversal-a period when North Pole becomes South Pole and South Pole becomes North Pole. But how is the field generated, and why is it so unstable?
有些现象你可以依赖，但磁场不是其中之一。它的强度会波动，偏离其轴线，每隔几百万年就会发生一次戏剧性的极性反转——在这个时期，北极变成南极，南极变成北极。但磁场是如何产生的，为什么它如此不稳定呢？

Groundbreaking research by two French geophysicists promises to shed some light on the mystery. Using 80 metres of deep sea sediment (沉淀物) core, they have obtained measurements lots of magnetic-field intensity that span 11 polarity reversals and four million years. The analysis reveals that intensity appears to fluctuate with a clear, well-defined rhythm. Although the strength of the magnetic field varies irregularly during the short term, there seems to be an inevitable long-term decline preceding each polarity reversal. When the poles flip—a process that takes several hundred thousand years-the magnetic field rapidly regains its strength and the cycle is repeated.
两位法国地球物理学家开创性的研究有望揭开这个谜团的真相。他们使用 80 米深的海洋沉积物岩芯，获得了跨越 11 次极性逆转和四百万年的大量磁场强度测量数据。分析显示，强度似乎以清晰、明确的方式波动。尽管磁场强度在短期内不规则变化，但似乎每次极性逆转之前都存在不可避免的长期下降。当两极翻转——这个过程需要几十万年——磁场迅速恢复其强度，周期便再次重复。

The results have caused a stir among geophysicists. The magnetic field is thought to originate from molten (熔化的) iron in the outer core, 3,000 kilometers beneath the earth’s surface. By studying mineral grains found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switch 730,000 years ago. How and why they occur, however, has been widely debated. Several theories link polarity flips to external disasters such as meteor (陨星) impacts. But Peter Olson, a geophysicist at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, says this is unlikely if the French researchers are right. In fact, Olson says intensity that predictably declines from one reversal to the next contradicts 90 percent of the models currently under study. If the results prove to be valid geophysicists will have a new theory to guide them in their quest to understand the earth’s inner physics. It certainly points the direction for future research.
结果在地球物理学家中引起了轰动。磁场被认为起源于外核中熔融的铁，位于地表下方 3,000 公里处。通过研究从岩石到粘土制品等材料中发现的矿物颗粒，先前的研究人员已经能够识别出 1.7 亿年前的反转，包括最近 730,000 年前的切换。然而，它们如何以及为什么发生，却一直备受争议。几个理论将极性翻转与外部灾难，如陨石撞击联系起来。但巴尔的摩约翰霍普金斯大学的地球物理学家彼得·奥尔森说，如果法国研究人员是对的，这不太可能。事实上，奥尔森表示，从一个反转到下一个反转可预测地下降的强度与目前研究中的 90%的模型相矛盾。如果结果被证明是有效的，地球物理学家将有一个新的理论来指导他们在理解地球内部物理的探索中。这无疑为未来的研究指明了方向。

26. Which of the following titles is most appropriate to the passage?
26. 以下哪个标题最适合这篇文章？

A) Polarity Reversal: A Fantastic Phenomenon of Nature.
A) 极性反转：自然界中的一种奇妙现象。

B) Measurement of the Earth’s Magnetic-Field Intensity.
B) 地球磁场强度的测量。

C) Formation of the Two Poles of the Earth.
C) 地球两极的形成。

D) A New Approach to the Study or Geophysics.
D) 地球物理学研究的新方法。

27. The word “flip” (Line 6, Para. 2) most probably means “________”.
27. 单词“flip”（第 6 行，第 2 段）最有可能的意思是“翻转”。

A) decline
A) 下降

B) intensify
B) 增强

C) fluctuate
C) 波动

D) reverse
D) 反转

28. What have the two French geophysicists discovered in their research?
28. 这两位法国地球物理学家在他们的研究中发现了什么？

A) Some regularity in the changes of the earth’s magnetic field.
A) 地球磁场变化的某些规律性。

B) Some causes of the fluctuation of the earth’s magnetic field.
B) 地球磁场波动的一些原因。

C) The origin of the earth’s magnetic field.
C) 地球磁场的起源。

D) The frequency of polarity reversals.
D) 极性反转的频率。

29. The French geophysicists’ study is different from currently prevailing theories in ________.
29. 法国的地球物理学家研究在______方面与目前流行的理论不同。

A) its identification of the origin of the earth’s magnetic field
A) 对地球磁场起源的识别

B) the way the earth’s magnetic intensity is measured
B) 地球磁场强度的测量方法

C) its explanation of the shift in the earth’s polarity
C) 对地球磁极变化解释

D) the way the earth’s fluctuation rhythm is defined
D) 地球波动节奏的定义方式

30. In Peter Oslo’s opinion the French experiment ________.
30. 在彼得·奥斯陆看来，法国实验______。

A) is likely to direct further research in the inner physics of the earth
A) 可能会引导进一步研究地球内部物理学

B) has successfully solved the mystery of polarity reversals
B) 已成功解开极性反转之谜

C) is certain to help predict external disasters
C) 一定有助于预测外部灾难

D) has caused great confusion among the world’s geophysicists
D) 在世界地球物理学家中引起了巨大混乱

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
问题 31 至 35 基于以下段落。

Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society’s economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.
想象一个突然没有情感的世界——一个人类无法感受到爱或快乐，也无法感受到恐惧或仇恨的世界。试着想象这种转变的后果。人们可能无法生存：既不知道快乐和愉悦，也不知道焦虑和恐惧，他们可能同样倾向于重复伤害自己的行为，而不是有益的行为。他们无法学习：他们无法从经验中受益，因为这样一个无情感的世界将缺乏奖励和惩罚。社会将很快消失：人们可能同样倾向于伤害彼此，而不是提供帮助和支持。人际关系将不复存在：在一个没有朋友或敌人的世界里，将不存在婚姻，同伴之间的感情，或群体成员之间的纽带。社会的经济基础将被摧毁：因为赚取 1000 万美元与赚取 10 美元一样愉快，将没有工作的动力。事实上，将没有任何激励。因为正如我们将看到的，激励意味着享受它们的能力。

In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object’s physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us—hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We al so use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life—from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.
在这样的世界里，人类物种存活的几率几乎为零，因为情感是我们生存和适应的基本工具。情感以重要方式为我们构建世界。作为个体，我们根据情感对物体进行分类。诚然，我们考虑长度、形状、大小或质地，但物体的物理属性不如它对我们所做或可能对我们做的事情——伤害我们、惊吓我们、激怒我们或让我们快乐——重要。我们还在家庭、社区和整个社会中使用带有情感色彩的分类。从我们对物体和事件的情感体验中，产生了一种社会共识，认为某些事物和行为是好的，而另一些是坏的，并将这些类别应用于我们社会生活的各个方面——从我们吃什么食物、穿什么衣服到我们如何履行承诺以及我们群体将接受哪些人。 事实上，社会利用我们的情感反应和态度，如忠诚、道德、骄傲、羞耻、罪恶、恐惧和贪婪，以维持自身。它对执行重要任务如手术的个人给予高额回报，将个人在战争中的非凡或危险成就如驾驶战斗机变为英雄，并利用刑法体系让人们不敢从事反社会行为。

31. The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that ________.
31. 人们可能无法在无情感的世界中存活下来的原因在于 ________。

A) they would not be able to tell the texture of objects
A) 他们无法辨别物体的质感

B) they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them
B) 他们不知道什么对他们有益，什么有害

C) they would not be happy with a life without love
C) 他们不会满意没有爱情的生活

D) they would do things that hurt each other’s feelings
D) 他们会做伤害彼此感情的事情

32. According to the passage, people’s learning activities are possible because they ________.
32. 根据文章，人们的学习活动之所以可能，是因为他们 ________。

A) believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive
A) 认为情感是他们保持生存的基础

B) benefit from providing help and support to one another
B) 从相互提供帮助和支持中受益

C) enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing
C) 喜欢因做正确的事情而得到奖励

D) know what is vital to the progress of society
D) 了解对社会进步至关重要的因素

33. It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on ________.
33. 从文章中可以推断出，社会的经济基础依赖于__________。

A) the ability to make money
A) 赚钱的能力

B) the will to work for pleasure
B) 为乐趣而工作的意愿

C) the capacity to enjoy incentives
C) 享受激励的能力

D) the categorizations of our emotional experiences
D) 我们情感体验的分类

34. Emotions are significant for man’s survival and adaptation because ________.
34. 情感对人类的生存和适应至关重要，因为__________。

A) they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects
A) 他们提供了人们观察物体大小或形状的手段

B) they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained
B) 它是社会维持的基础，即社会共识的情感基础

C) they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements
C) 他们鼓励人们完成危险的成绩

D) they generate more love than hate among people
他们比仇恨更能激发人们的爱

35. The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they ________.
35. 一个物体的情感方面比其物理方面更重要，因为它们________。

A) help society exploit its members for profit
A) 帮助社会为利润剥削其成员

B) encourage us to perform important tasks
B) 鼓励我们执行重要任务

C) help to perfect the legal and penal system
C) 帮助完善法律和刑罚体系

D) help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us
D) 帮助我们适应周围的世界

Questions 36 to 40 based on the following passage:
问题 36 至 40 基于以下段落：

The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people”. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, “the nation’s colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials (文凭) than in providing a quality education for their students. “The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an integrated core of common learning. Such a core would introduce students to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus. “
卡内基基金会报告称，许多大学试图“满足所有人的需求”。在这个过程中，他们越来越迎合狭隘的职业主义，而未能培养学生的全球视野。报告认为，当前的危机并非源于将学习用于生产目的的合法愿望。问题在于，在太多学术领域，工作缺乏背景；技能，而不是手段，已经变成了目的。学生被提供各种选择，并允许他们选择自己的学位之路。简而言之，受职业主义驱动，“国家的高校在提供文凭方面比在为学生提供优质教育方面更成功。”报告总结说，本科院校面临的特殊挑战是塑造一个综合的核心学习体系。这样一个核心将向学生介绍基本知识，学科之间的联系，最终，将知识应用于校园之外的生活。

Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: “Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most.” Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure (终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculties say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that “There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.”
尽管一所好大学的秘诀是高质量的教师队伍，但卡内基研究却发现，大多数大学在鼓励良好教学方面做得很少。事实上，他们做了很多破坏它的事情。正如一位教授观察到的那样：“我们被告知教学很重要，但教师们知道研究和发表才是最重要的。”不出所料，在过去的二十年里，大学未能毕业一半的四年制学位候选人。致力于教学的教师很快就会发现自己将不会获得终身任期、晋升或大幅度的加薪。然而，70%的所有教师表示，他们的兴趣更多地在于教学而不是研究。此外，年轻学者中常见的抱怨是：“虽然管理人员或同事几乎对出版物内容没有兴趣，但存在发表的压力。”

36. When a college tries to be “all things to al people” (Lines 1-2, Para. 1) it aims to ________.
36. 当大学试图成为“所有人的所有事物”（第 1-2 行，第 1 段）时，它的目的是______。

A) satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously
A) 同时满足所有类型学生的需求

B) focus on training students in various skills
B) 专注于培养学生各种技能

C) encourage students to take as many courses as possible
C) 鼓励学生尽可能多地选课

D) make learning serve academic rather than productive ends
D) 使学习服务于学术而非生产目的

37. By saying that “in too many academic fields, the work has no context” (Lines 4-5, Pare. 1) the author means that the teaching in these areas ________.
37. 作者通过说“在太多学术领域，工作没有背景”（第 4-5 行，第一部分），意味着这些领域的教学________。

A) ignores the actual situation
A) 忽略实际情况

B) is not based on the right perspective
B) 不是基于正确的视角

C) only focuses on an integrated core of common learning
C) 仅关注一个集成的核心共同学习

D) gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students
D) 优先培养学生的全球视野

38. One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that ________.
38. 美国高校当前危机的一个原因是 ________。

A) a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many colleges
A) 一种狭窄的职业主义已经主导了许多学院

B) students don’t have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn
B) 学生在选择想要学习的内容时没有足够的自由