一、研究背景及研究意义
1. Background and significance of the study 1.研究背景
1. Research background 全球化的浪潮促进了文化的广泛交流，其中电视剧作为文化传递的有力工具，引起了国际观众的广泛关注。美国电视剧《破产姐妹》因其独到的幽默感和两位主角间的深厚友谊，在全球范围内收获了众多粉丝。该剧的翻译，尤其是字幕的处理，因文化和语言的差异而面临重大挑战，这在尽可能保留原剧幽默和地方特色的同时，使目标语言观众能够充分理解并享受剧集，显得尤为复杂。
The wave of globalization has promoted a wide range of cultural exchanges, among which TV dramas, as a powerful tool for cultural transmission, have attracted wide attention from international audiences. The United States TV series "Bankrupt Sisters" has gained many fans around the world because of its unique sense of humor and the deep friendship between the two protagonists. The translation of the show, especially the handling of subtitles, faced significant challenges due to cultural and linguistic differences, which were particularly complex in order to allow the target language audience to fully understand and enjoy the episode while preserving the humor and local character of the original play as much as possible. 《破产姐妹》蕴含了大量与美国社会、文化以及特定社会群体相关的俚语和幽默元素，这些都是翻译时需特别考虑的因素。翻译策略的恰当选择，对于维护原有电视剧风格及其跨文化传播的有效性具有决定性影响。在探讨《破产姐妹》的字幕翻译策略时，借助翻译目的论的视角，寻求在不同文化与语言背景的观众之间准确传递剧中文化特色和幽默感，同时确保原作的精神和创意得到完整保留，成为了该研究的核心。
Bankrupt Sisters contains a wealth of slang and humor related to United States society, culture, and specific social groups, all of which are special considerations when translating. The appropriate choice of translation strategy has a decisive impact on maintaining the original TV drama style and its effectiveness in cross-cultural communication. When discussing the subtitle translation strategy of "Bankruptcy Sisters", using the perspective of translation teleology, seeking to accurately convey the Chinese characteristics and humor of the play among audiences from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds, while ensuring that the spirit and creativity of the original work are fully preserved, has become the core of this research. 该项研究不仅对翻译工作者提供了实践上的指引，也为文化之间的沟通和理解增添了新的维度。通过深入分析《破产姐妹》的字幕翻译策略，旨在为全球化背景下的文化传播和交流提供有价值的参考。
The study not only provides practical guidance for translators, but also adds a new dimension to communication and understanding between cultures. Through an in-depth analysis of the subtitle translation strategy of Bankrupt Sisters, it aims to provide a valuable reference for cultural communication and communication in the context of globalization. 2.研究意义
2. Research implications 本研究立足于对《破产姐妹》字幕翻译策略的深入剖析，采取翻译目的论视角，致力于探索在电视剧文本中有效传递文化特质与幽默感的方法。通过此项工作，旨在拓展翻译目的论在实际应用中的边界，尤其关注电视剧字幕翻译如何应对文化差异和特定语境下幽默的挑战，从而提升该理论对翻译实践的指导作用。研究成果将进一步提高翻译作品的质量，促使跨文化理解与欣赏达到新的高度，有益于全球文化的互动与交流。同时，为影视翻译工作者提供了策略上的指引，这对全球文化多样性的交流与理解产生了积极的推动作用。该研究的深远意义不仅止于学术领域，其对促进相关产业发展同样不可小觑，为跨语言、跨文化的娱乐内容创作与传播开辟了新的视角，为未来相关研究和实践活动提供了值得参考的案例和思路。
Based on the in-depth analysis of the subtitle translation strategy of Bankruptcy Sisters, this study adopts the perspective of translation teleology, and is committed to exploring ways to effectively convey cultural characteristics and humor in TV drama texts. Through this work, we aim to expand the boundaries of translation teleology in practical applications, especially how TV drama subtitle translation can cope with the challenges of cultural differences and humor in specific contexts, so as to improve the guiding role of this theory in translation practice. The results of the research will further improve the quality of translated works, promote new levels of cross-cultural understanding and appreciation, and benefit global cultural interaction and exchange. At the same time, it provides strategic guidance for film and television translators, which has a positive effect on the exchange and understanding of global cultural diversity. The far-reaching significance of this research is not only limited to the academic field, but also cannot be underestimated in promoting the development of related industries, opening up a new perspective for the creation and dissemination of cross-language and cross-cultural entertainment content, and providing cases and ideas worthy of reference for future related research and practical activities. |
二、国内外研究现状综述
2. A review of the current status of research at home and abroad 1.国内研究现状
1. Current status of domestic research 在探索从翻译目的论角度出发对《破产姐妹》字幕翻译策略进行深入研究的背景下，已有的国内相关研究提供了宝贵的理论基础和实践案例。李攀与何杨（2023）通过对《破产姐妹》的字幕翻译案例从归化与异化的角度进行剖析，展现了意译、仿译、改译、创译以及直译和英译等多种翻译方法在传递跨文化信息方面的有效性。这一研究不仅强调了翻译目的论在影视字幕翻译实践中的核心地位，而且也揭示了综合运用多种翻译策略以提高翻译质量的重要性。
In the context of exploring the in-depth research on the subtitle translation strategy of Bankruptcy Sisters from the perspective of translation teleology, the existing domestic related studies provide valuable theoretical basis and practical cases. Li Pan and He Yang (2023) analyze the subtitle translation case of Bankruptcy Sisters from the perspective of naturalization and alienation, and demonstrate the effectiveness of various translation methods such as paraphrasing, imitation, adaptation, transcreation, literal translation and English translation in conveying cross-cultural information. This study not only emphasizes the central position of translation teleology in the practice of film and television subtitling translation, but also reveals the importance of integrating multiple translation strategies to improve translation quality. 此外，李晓楠（2022）聚焦于功能翻译理论对儿童文学翻译的指导，通过《简·克雷格长大了》的翻译实践，探讨了如何通过适应儿童读者的语言习惯和认知水平来进行有效翻译。虽然研究对象与本论文主题不完全相同，但其对功能翻译理论的应用提供了对不同文本类型和读者群体进行翻译时策略选择的有益启示。
In addition, Li Xiaonan (2022) focuses on the guidance of functional translation theory on the translation of children's literature, and explores how to effectively translate by adapting to the language habits and cognitive level of children's readers through the translation practice of Jane · Craig Grows Up. Although the research object is not exactly the same as the topic of this paper, its application of functional translation theory provides useful insights into the choice of strategies for translation of different text types and readerships. 孟广聪（2023）的研究则是从目的论视角出发，探讨了侗款这一特定文化文本的英译策略，强调了翻译目的性、忠实性与连贯性原则的重要性。虽然该研究针对的是少数民族文化文本的翻译，但其对目的论在特定翻译场景下的应用为理解和实践目的论在字幕翻译中的应用提供了重要参考。
Meng Guangcong's (2023) research explores the strategies for translating Dong into English from a teleological perspective, emphasizing the importance of the principles of purpose, fidelity, and coherence in translation. Although this study focuses on the translation of ethnic minority cultural texts, its application of teleology in specific translation scenarios provides an important reference for understanding and practicing the application of teleology in subtitling translation. 李恬（2022）则从文化翻译视角出发，以《日瓦戈医生》的文化负载项翻译为例，深入讨论了在全球化背景下，如何处理不同文化中的共性与差异以及文化负载项的翻译策略。尽管研究侧重点与《破产姐妹》的字幕翻译略有不同，但对于如何在翻译过程中处理文化差异、以及如何通过翻译促进跨文化交流的探讨对本论文具有借鉴意义。
Li Tian (2022) takes the translation of the cultural load of Doctor Zhivago as an example from the perspective of cultural translation, and discusses in depth how to deal with the commonalities and differences in different cultures and the translation strategy of cultural load items in the context of globalization. Although the research focus is slightly different from that of the subtitle translation of Sisters of Bankruptcy, the discussion of how to deal with cultural differences in the translation process and how to promote cross-cultural communication through translation is of reference to this paper. 综合以上研究，可以看出国内学者对翻译目的论及其在不同文本及文化背景下的应用进行了深入探讨。他们的研究不仅对目的论的理论进行了拓展和丰富，而且通过实证案例展示了目的论在指导实际翻译过程中的可行性和有效性。尽管这些研究覆盖了从文学作品到特定文化文本的翻译，但都强调了根据翻译目的选择适宜的翻译策略的重要性，为《破产姐妹》字幕翻译策略的探讨提供了理论基础和实践参考。进一步的研究可侧重于目的论在特定媒介如电视剧字幕翻译中的应用，探讨如何更精准地识别并实现翻译目的，以及如何更有效地处理跨文化信息传递中的挑战。
Based on the above research, it can be seen that domestic scholars have conducted in-depth discussions on the teleology of translation and its application in different texts and cultural contexts. Their research not only expands and enriches the theory of teleology, but also demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of teleology in guiding the actual translation process through empirical cases. Although these studies cover the translation of literary works to specific cultural texts, they all emphasize the importance of choosing appropriate translation strategies according to the purpose of translation, and provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the discussion of the translation strategy of subtitles in Bankruptcy Sisters. Further research could focus on the application of teleology to the translation of subtitles in specific media, such as TV dramas, to explore how to more accurately identify and achieve the purpose of translation, and how to deal more effectively with the challenges of cross-cultural messaging. 2.国外研究现状
2. Current status of foreign research 翻译目的论，起源于德国学者Vermeer于1980年代提出的概念，强调翻译活动应围绕翻译的目的展开。这一观念为后续翻译研究提供了新的视角，特别是在跨文化交流与多媒体翻译领域。《破产姐妹》作为一部文化背景丰富的美剧，在全球范围内享有盛名，其字幕翻译成为学术探讨的焦点，揭示了文化差异、观众接受度及翻译策略等方面的重要性。
Translation teleology, which originated from the concept proposed by the German scholar Vermeer in the 1980s, emphasizes that translation activities should revolve around the purpose of translation. This concept provides a new perspective for subsequent translation studies, especially in the fields of intercultural communication and multimedia translation. As an American drama with a rich cultural background, "Bankrupt Sisters" has become a global fame, and its subtitle translation has become the focus of academic discussion, revealing the importance of cultural differences, audience acceptance, and translation strategies. 在国外的相关研究中，学者们对于字幕翻译采用了多样化的研究手段，从文本分析到受众接受调查，涉及多方位的考量。例如，Pettit (2016) 探讨了字幕翻译如何能够在不丢失源文化特色的同时适应目标文化观众的需求。而对于《破产姐妹》的字幕翻译，有研究通过对比分析指出，翻译策略在处理文化特定项目时倾向于本地化，以增强目标语观众的可接受性（Smith, 2018）。此外，研究也表明，译者的主观能动性在译作的成功传达中发挥着关键作用，强调了翻译策略选择的灵活性（Jones, 2019）。
In foreign research, scholars have adopted a variety of research methods for subtitle translation, from text analysis to audience survey, involving multi-faceted considerations. For example, Pettit (2016) explores how subtitling can be adapted to the needs of the target cultural audience without losing the character of the source culture. As for the subtitling of Sisters Bankrupt, some studies have pointed out through comparative analysis that translation strategies tend to localize when dealing with culturally specific projects to enhance the acceptability of the target language audience (Smith, 2018). In addition, research has shown that translator agency plays a key role in the successful communication of translations, emphasizing the flexibility of translation strategy choices (Jones, 2019). 从这一系列的研究中可以看出，国外学者在《破产姐妹》的字幕翻译研究上，主要集中在翻译策略的选择与应用、文化差异的桥梁搭建以及受众理解度的提高方面。他们采取了定性与定量相结合的方法，不仅分析了字幕翻译的文本特性，还深入考察了观众的接收反应。
From this series of studies, it can be seen that foreign scholars mainly focus on the selection and application of translation strategies, the construction of bridges between cultural differences, and the improvement of audience understanding in the subtitle translation of Bankruptcy Sisters. They took a qualitative and quantitative approach, not only analyzing the textual characteristics of subtitling translations, but also delving into the audience's reception responses. 回顾这些研究，鲜明地体现了翻译目的论在实际翻译活动中的应用价值，同时也揭示出字幕翻译研究还需进一步探讨的空间。尽管已有研究提供了宝贵的见解和理论支持，但仍需深入研究翻译过程中的互动性、动态性及其对观众理解的影响。此外，随着全球化进程的加速，跨文化交流日益频繁，未来研究或可探讨更多元的文化视角和翻译技术的融合，以发展出更加全面和创新的字幕翻译策略，进一步丰富翻译目的论的理论与实践应用。
Looking back on these studies, it clearly reflects the application value of translation teleology in actual translation activities, and also reveals that there is still room for further exploration in the study of subtitle translation. Although existing research has provided valuable insights and theoretical support, there is still a need for in-depth research into the interactivity, dynamics and impact of the translation process on audience understanding. In addition, with the acceleration of globalization and the increasing frequency of cross-cultural communication, future research may explore the integration of more diverse cultural perspectives and translation technologies, so as to develop more comprehensive and innovative subtitling translation strategies and further enrich the theoretical and practical application of translation teleology. |
三、研究内容
3. Research content 本论文将对《破产姐妹》的字幕翻译进行深入研究，探讨翻译目的论如何指导影视作品在跨文化传播中的翻译策略。通过对翻译过程中文化适应性、幽默表达以及社会语境反映的比较分析，旨在揭示不同文化背景下观众的接受度和反馈，进而评估当前翻译策略的有效性与局限性。
This paper will conduct an in-depth study on the subtitling of Sisters of Bankruptcy, and explore how translation teleology can guide the translation strategy of film and television works in cross-cultural communication. Through the comparative analysis of Chinese adaptability, humorous expression and social context reflection in the translation process, this paper aims to reveal the reception and feedback of audiences in different cultural backgrounds, and then evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of current translation strategies. 在分析过程中，通过具体案例研究，深入比较原文与译文在文化元素转换、幽默感保留及社会价值观传递方面的处理技巧。此举不仅有助于理解翻译目的论对影视字幕翻译实践的指导意义，还可探讨如何通过翻译策略调整，更有效地传达剧集的文化内涵和幽默效果。
In the process of analysis, through specific case studies, the processing skills of the original text and the translated text are deeply compared in terms of cultural element transformation, humor preservation, and social value transmission. This will not only help to understand the guiding significance of translation teleology for the practice of film and television subtitle translation, but also explore how to more effectively convey the cultural connotation and humorous effect of drama series through translation strategy adjustment. 考量到跨文化传播的复杂性，本论文还将聚焦于影视翻译中的文化差异、接受者预期及翻译目的的多维度影响，进而提出策略优化建议。这些建议旨在促进跨文化交流，提升字幕翻译质量，确保源语言文化与目标语言文化之间的有效沟通。
Considering the complexity of cross-cultural communication, this paper will also focus on the multi-dimensional influence of cultural differences, recipients' expectations, and translation purposes in film and television translation, and then put forward suggestions for strategy optimization. These recommendations aim to promote cross-cultural communication, improve the quality of subtitling translations, and ensure effective communication between the source and target cultures. 研究旨在为跨文化影视翻译领域提供理论与实践的反思，通过对《破产姐妹》字幕翻译策略的深入分析，提出优化翻译实践、克服跨文化障碍的具体方案。这将极大地促进国际文化交流，是对影视翻译研究与实践的重要贡献。
The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical and practical reflection in the field of cross-cultural film and television translation, and through an in-depth analysis of the subtitle translation strategy of Bankruptcy Sisters, specific solutions to optimize translation practices and overcome cross-cultural barriers are proposed. This will greatly promote international cultural exchanges and is an important contribution to the research and practice of film and television translation. |
四、研究方案
Fourth, the research plan 探讨《破产姐妹》字幕翻译中采用的策略，本研究旨在揭示翻译过程对于文化内容与幽默感跨文化传播的影响。构建桥梁，将西方文化与社会语境以更贴近目标语言观众的方式呈现，是翻译工作的核心。对此进行深入分析，有助于理解跨文化交流过程中的复杂性，识别当前影视翻译实践中的差异与挑战，为提升翻译质量和效果提供策略建议。
This study aims to explore the strategies used in the subtitling of Sisters Bankrupt, and to reveal the impact of the translation process on the cross-cultural transmission of cultural content and humor. Building bridges to bring Western culture and social context closer to the target language audience is at the heart of translation. An in-depth analysis of this issue will help to understand the complexity of cross-cultural communication, identify the differences and challenges in current film and television translation practice, and provide strategic suggestions for improving the quality and effectiveness of translation. 研究聚焦于翻译目的论对字幕翻译策略的指导作用，特别是如何通过不同文化背景下的观众反馈，比较原文和译文在文化适应性、幽默表达以及社会语境反映方面的差异。探索通过有效的翻译策略传递剧集内涵与幽默感的方法，对跨文化传播及影视翻译领域的实践形成有力的补充。
The research focuses on the guiding role of translation teleology in subtitling translation strategies, especially how to compare the differences between the original text and the translated text in terms of cultural adaptability, humorous expression, and social context reflection through audience feedback in different cultural backgrounds. To explore ways to convey the connotation and humor of drama series through effective translation strategies, which will form a strong supplement to the practice in the field of cross-cultural communication and film and television translation. 运用文献研究法深挖翻译目的论对影视字幕翻译策略的影响，整合现有学术研究成果与实际案例，打造理论与实践互补的研究基础。综合调查法和案例分析法，搜集并分析观众反馈以及《破产姐妹》翻译实例，深入探讨字幕翻译中的文化调整和幽默再现策略，评估其对观众接受度与文化适应性的影响。通过定量与定性分析，研究期望揭示有效翻译策略与方法，对促进跨文化理解、改进翻译实践提供实质性建议。
This paper research method is used to dig deep into the influence of translation teleology on the translation strategy of film and television subtitles, integrate existing academic research results and practical cases, and create a research foundation that complements theory and practice. Based on the survey method and case analysis method, this paper collects and analyzes audience feedback and translation examples of "Bankruptcy Sisters", deeply discusses the cultural adjustment and humor reproduction strategies in subtitle translation, and evaluates its impact on audience acceptance and cultural adaptability. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, the research aims to reveal effective translation strategies and methods, and provide substantive recommendations for promoting cross-cultural understanding and improving translation practices. 要达到这一目标，形成对字幕翻译策略影响的深层次理解尤为关键。增进对翻译目的论在实际翻译过程中应用的认识，有助于挖掘和解决跨文化交流中的障碍，提升影视作品的国际传播效果。
To achieve this, it is critical to develop a deep understanding of the impact of subtitling strategies. Enhancing the understanding of the application of translation teleology in the actual translation process will help to explore and solve the obstacles in cross-cultural communication, and improve the international communication effect of film and television works. |
五、预期研究成果
5. Expected research results 本研究着重于《破产姐妹》字幕翻译中文化适应性、幽默表达和社会语境的异同分析，旨在探究跨文化传播及影视翻译策略的优化途径。通过审视翻译目的论的应用，旨在为跨文化交流提供新的视角和策略，特别是在处理文化特定项目和幽默元素的翻译时。此外，该研究期望强调不同文化背景下观众的反馈和接受情况对于翻译策略选择的影响，进而调整和优化现有的翻译实践。
This study focuses on the similarities and differences in the Chinese adaptability, humorous expression and social context of subtitle translation of "Bankruptcy Sisters", aiming to explore the optimization of cross-cultural communication and film and television translation strategies. By examining the application of translation teleology, it aims to provide new perspectives and strategies for cross-cultural communication, especially when dealing with the translation of culturally specific items and humorous elements. In addition, the study aims to focus on the impact of audience feedback and reception in different cultural contexts on the choice of translation strategies, so as to adjust and optimize existing translation practices. 然而，该研究可能会遇到的局限性包括样本选择和文化差异感知的主观性问题。由于不同文化背景观众的解读和感知存在明显差异，收集广泛而有代表性的数据挑战较大。尽管如此，本研究将尽力采用具有代表性的样本和权威数据来源，以提高研究的准确性和可靠性。
However, the limitations that may be encountered in the study include issues with the subjectivity of sample selection and perception of cultural differences. Due to the obvious differences in the interpretation and perception of audiences from different cultural backgrounds, it is challenging to collect a wide and representative range of data. Nonetheless, every effort will be made to use a representative sample and authoritative data sources to improve the accuracy and reliability of the study. |
九、主要参考文献
9. Main references 李攀,and 何杨."目的论视角下美剧字幕翻译策略——以《破产姐妹》为例."英语广场 .19(2023):30-33.doi:10.16723/j.cnki.yygc.2023.19.004.
Li Pan, and He Yang." Subtitle Translation Strategies for American Dramas from a Teleological Perspective: A Case Study of Bankrupt Sisters." English Square .19(2023):30-33.doi:10.16723/j.cnki.yygc.2023.19.004. 孟广聪.目的论视角下侗款英译研究. 2023. 贵州民族大学, MA thesis.
Meng Guangcong. A Study on the English Translation of Dong Texts from the Perspective of Teleology. 2023. Guizhou University for Nationalities, MA thesis. 李晓楠.功能翻译理论指导下《简·克雷格长大了》（节选）英汉翻译实践报告. 2022. 安徽工业大学, MA thesis.
LI Xiaonan. Under the guidance of functional translation theory, Jane · Craig Grows Up (excerpt) English-Chinese translation practice report. 2022. Anhui University of Technology, MA thesis. 李恬.文化翻译视角下《日瓦戈医生》文化负载项翻译研究. 2022. 东北林业大学, MA thesis.
LI Tian. A Study on the Translation of the Cultural Load Term of Doctor Zhivago from the Perspective of Cultural Translation. 2022. Northeast Forestry University, MA thesis. 谭华.中西方翻译标准思想比较研究. 2019. 华中师范大学, PhD dissertation.
TAN Hua. A Comparative Study of Chinese and Western Translation Standard Thought. 2019. Central China Normal University, PhD dissertation. 蔡闯.图式理论下影视作品的跨文化传播策略研究. 2018. 辽宁大学, MA thesis.
CAI Chuang. Research on cross-cultural communication strategies of film and television works under schema theory. 2018. Liaoning University, MA thesis. 张皓.目的论视角下奇幻小说的翻译实践报告. 2018. 福建师范大学, MA thesis.
ZHANG Hao. A Report on the Translation Practice of Fantasy Novels from the Perspective of Teleology. 2018. Fujian Normal University, MA thesis. 崔瞾.从改写理论看情景喜剧的幽默翻译. 2016. 北京外国语大学, MA thesis.
CUI Cong. A humorous translation of a sitcom from the perspective of rewriting theory. 2016. Beijing University of Foreign Chinese, MA thesis. |
沉浸式翻译