For new Solidity developers, understanding the intricacies of function overriding is crucial. This article will demystify the rules and best practices for overriding functions in inherited smart contracts.
对于新的 Solidity 开发者来说，理解函数重写的复杂性至关重要。本文将解开继承智能合约中重写函数的规则和最佳实践的神秘面纱。

The Golden Rules of Function Overriding
函数重写的黄金规则

When inheriting contracts in Solidity, function overriding follows a strict set of rules that ensure consistency and predictability in your smart contract design. Let's break down the key requirements:
在 Solidity 中继承合约时，函数重写遵循一套严格的规则，以确保智能合约设计的一致性和可预测性。让我们分解关键要求：

1. Function Signature Must Remain Identical
1. 函数签名必须保持不变

The most critical rule is that the function signature must remain exactly the same when overriding. This means:
最关键的规则是在重写时函数签名必须保持完全相同。这意味着：

• The function name must be identical
  函数名必须相同

• Parameter (arguments )types must match precisely
  参数（参数）类型必须精确匹配

• Return types must be the same
  返回类型必须相同

To successfully override a function, you must adhere to the following criteria:
要成功覆盖一个函数，你必须遵循以下标准：

• The original function must be marked as virtual{the inherited function}
  原始功能必须标记为 virtual {继承的功能}

• The overriding function must use the override keyword{the child function}
  覆盖函数必须使用 override 关键字{子函数}

• Visibility can be the same or more permissive
  可见性可以相同或更宽松

an example of the Correct vs and Incorrect Overriding code
正确与错误覆盖代码的示例

// Parent Contract
contract ParentContract {
    // Must be marked virtual to allow overriding
    function exampleFunction(string memory text) public virtual {
        // Original implementation
    }
}

// Correct Override
contract ChildContract is ParentContract {
    // Exactly matches the parent function signature
    function exampleFunction(string memory text) public override {
        // New implementation
        // Can modify the internal logic
    }
}

// Incorrect Override
contract InvalidContract is ParentContract {
    // This WILL NOT WORK
    // Different parameter type is not allowed
    function exampleFunction(uint256 number) public override {
        // Compilation error
    }
}

Common Misconceptions  常见的误解

What If You Need Different Parameters?
如果您需要不同的参数？

If you require a function with different parameter types, you cannot use the override mechanism. Instead, you'll need to:
如果您需要一个具有不同参数类型的函数，您不能使用覆盖机制。相反，您需要：

• basically Create a new, separate function for your code also use different naming to distinguish it from the original
  基本上为你的代码创建一个新的、独立的函数，并使用不同的命名来区分它与原来的函数

things to not forget
不要忘记的事情

1. Always mark parent functions intended for overriding with the virtual keyword
   始终使用 virtual 关键字标记打算覆盖的父函数

2. Use override explicitly in child contract functions
   在子合约函数中显式使用 override

3. Ensure parameter types match exactly
   确保参数类型完全匹配

4. Consider the visibility of your functions carefully
   仔细考虑你的函数的可见性

5. Think through your contract inheritance structure before implementation
   在实现之前，仔细考虑您的合同继承结构

Conclusion  结论

Mastering function overriding in Solidity requires attention to detail and a clear understanding of inheritance mechanisms. By following these guidelines, you'll write more robust and predictable smart contracts.
在 Solidity 中掌握函数重写需要注意细节和清晰理解继承机制。通过遵循这些指导原则，你将编写出更健壮和可预测的智能合约。

Pro Tip  专业提示

Always test your inherited contracts thoroughly, you can use the remix ide on your browser, to ensure the overridden functions behave exactly as you expect. The compiler will help catch many issues, but runtime behavior is equally important. im glad to share this with anyone reading.
始终彻底测试你的继承合约，你可以在浏览器中使用 Remix IDE，确保重写函数的行为完全符合你的预期。编译器会帮助捕捉许多问题，但运行时行为同样重要。很高兴与任何阅读此文的人分享。