The Modern Fundamentals of Golf
现代高尔夫基础知识

Digital Edition Published 2018 House of Majied Publications
数字版 2018 年出版 马吉德出版社

Copyright  版权
The Fundamentals  基础知识

Twenty-five years ago, when I was 19, I became a professional golfer. I suppose that if I fed the right pieces of data to one of our modern “electronic brain” machines it would perform a few gyrations and shortly afterwards inform me as to how many hundreds of thousands of shots I have hit on practice fairways, how many thousands of shots I have struck in competition, how many times I have taken three putts when there was absolutely no reason for doing so, and all the rest of it. Like most professional golfers, I have a tendency to remember my poor shots a shade more vividly than the good ones - the one or two per round, seldom more, which come off exactly as I intend they should.
25 年前，当我 19 岁时，我成为了一名职业高尔夫球手。我想，如果我向我们现代的 "电子脑 "机器输入正确的数据，它就会做几下回旋，然后很快告诉我，我在练习球道上打了几十万个球，在比赛中打了几千个球，有多少次在完全没有理由的情况下推了三个推杆，等等。和大多数职业高尔夫球手一样，我对自己打得不好的球的记忆往往比打得好的球要深刻得多--每轮只有一两次，很少更多，都是按照我的意图打出来的。

However, having worked hard on my golf with all the mentality and all the physical resources available to me, I have managed to play some very good shots at very important stages of major tournaments. To cite one example which many of my friends remember with particular fondness - and I, too, for that matter - in 1950 at Merion, I needed a 4 on the 72 nd to tie for first in the Open. To get that 4 I needed to hit an elusive, well-trapped, slightly plateaued green from about 200 yards out. There are easier shots in golf. I went with a two-iron and played what was in my honest judgment one of the best shots of my last round, perhaps one of the best I played during the tournament. The ball took off on a line for the left-center of the green, held its line firmly, bounced on the front edge of the green, and finished some 40 feet from the cup. It was all I could have asked for. I then got down in two putts for my 4, and this enabled me to enter the playoff for the title which I was thankful to win the following day.
然而，我在高尔夫球方面付出了艰苦的努力，拥有了一切可以利用的心态和体力资源，在重大赛事的重要阶段，我成功地打出了一些非常好的成绩。1950年在梅里恩，我需要在72洞打出4杆才能在公开赛中获得并列第一。为了打出 4 杆洞，我需要从大约 200 码外的果岭上打出一个难以捉摸、陷阱重重、略显高原的果岭。高尔夫球中没有比这更容易的击球了。我使用两杆铁杆，打出了我最后一轮中最棒的一杆，也许是我在比赛中打得最好的一杆。球沿着果岭左侧中央的路线飞出，稳稳地保持住了路线，在果岭前缘弹了一下，距离洞杯约 40 英尺。这就是我想要的结果。随后，我在两次推杆中拿下了我的 4 杆洞，这让我得以参加第二天的冠军争夺赛，并最终赢得了冠军。

I bring up this incident not for the pleasure of retasting the sweetness of a “big moment” but, rather, because I have discovered in many conversations that the view I take of this shot (and others like it) is markedly different from the view most spectators seem to have formed. They are inclined to glamorize the actual shot since it was hit in a pressureful situation. They tend to think of it as something unique in itself, something almost inspired, you might say, since the shot was just what the occasion called for. I don’t see it that way at all. I didn’t hit that
我提起这件事，并不是为了重温 "重要时刻 "的甜蜜，而是因为我在多次谈话中发现，我对这一球（以及类似的其他球）的看法与大多数观众似乎形成的看法明显不同。他们倾向于美化这个镜头，因为它是在压力下打出的。他们倾向于认为这一球本身就是独一无二的，可以说几乎是灵感的产物，因为这一球正是当时所需要的。我完全不这么看。我没有打出
shot then - that late afternoon at Merion. I’d been practicing that shot since I was 12 years old. After all, the point of tournament golf is to get command of a swing which, the more pressure you put on it, the better it works.
那是在梅里恩的一个傍晚。我从 12 岁起就开始练习这一杆。毕竟，高尔夫比赛的关键在于掌握挥杆技巧，压力越大，效果越好。

In some important respects, tournament golf and golf are as foreign to each other as ice hockey and tennis. In other respects they’re not: the professional shooting for his livelihood on the circuit (with his pride, some pleasure, and thousands of dollars at stake) and the average golfer trying to produce his best game on weekends (with his pride, his pleasure, and a dollar Nassau at stake) are both searching to master the movements that will result in a repeating swing - A CORRECT, POWERFUL, REPEATING SWING. This can be stated categorically: it is utterly impossible for any golfer to play good golf without a swing that will repeat.
在某些重要方面，高尔夫锦标赛和高尔夫球就像冰上曲棍球和网球一样格格不入。但在另一些方面，它们却并非如此：在巡回赛上为生计而战的职业选手（这关系到他的自尊、一些乐趣和成千上万的美元）和在周末试图打出最好成绩的普通高尔夫球手（这关系到他的自尊、乐趣和一美元的纳索），都在努力掌握能够实现重复挥杆的动作--正确、有力、重复的挥杆。可以明确地说：如果挥杆动作不重复，任何高尔夫球手都不可能打出好球。

How then do you build a swing that you can depend on to repeat in all kinds of wind and weather, under all kinds of presses and pressure? Having devoted the bulk of my waking hours (and a few of my sleeping hours) for a quarter of a century to the pursuit of the answer, I now believe that what I have learned can be of tremendous assistance to all golfers. That is my reason for undertaking this series of lessons. I do not propose to deal in theory. What I have learned I have learned by laborious trial and error, watching a good player do something that looked right to me, stumbling across something that felt right to me, experimenting with that something to see if it helped or hindered, adopting it if it helped, refining it sometimes, discarding it if it didn’t help, sometimes discarding it later if it proved undependable in competition, experimenting continually with new ideas and old ideas and all manner of variations until I arrived at a set of fundamentals that appeared to me to be right because they accomplished a very definite purpose, a set of fundamentals which proved to me they were right because they stood up and produced under all kinds of pressure. To put it briefly, the information I will be presenting is a sifting of the knowledge I’ve tried to acquire since I first met up with golf when I was 12 and knew, almost immediately, I wanted to make the game my lifework.
那么，怎样才能练就一种挥杆动作，让你在各种风吹日晒、各种压力下都能可靠地重复挥杆呢？四分之一个世纪以来，我把大部分醒着的时间（和少量睡觉的时间）都用在了寻找答案上，现在我相信，我所学到的东西可以为所有高尔夫球手提供巨大的帮助。这就是我开设这一系列课程的原因。我不打算谈理论。我所学到的东西都是通过艰苦的试验和错误总结出来的，看着优秀的选手做一些在我看来正确的事情，偶然发现一些我觉得正确的事情，用这些事情做实验，看看它是有帮助还是有阻碍，如果有帮助就采用它，有时加以改进，如果没有帮助就放弃它，有时如果在比赛中被证明是不可靠的就放弃它、不断尝试新的想法、旧的想法和各种变化，直到我找到了一套在我看来是正确的基本原理，因为它们达到了一个非常明确的目的。简而言之，我将介绍的信息是我从 12 岁第一次接触高尔夫开始就努力学习的知识的筛选，我几乎立刻就知道，我想把这项运动作为我的终身事业。

Up to a considerable point, as I see it, there’s nothing difficult about golf, nothing. I see no reason, truly, why the average golfer, if he goes about it intelligently, shouldn’t play in the 70s - and I mean by playing the type of shots a fine golfer plays. Somehow most average golfers get it into their head that they can’t play a “long shot” correctly, that they
在我看来，在相当程度上，高尔夫球没什么难的，什么都不难。我认为，普通高尔夫球手如果聪明地打球，没有理由不打出 70 杆的好成绩，我指的是打出优秀高尔夫球手打出的那种球。不知为什么，大多数普通高尔夫球手都会认为他们无法正确地打出 "长杆"，认为他们
haven’t got the skill or coordination to execute a full swing. Putting or chipping, that’s another story. The average golfer feels he can cope pretty successfully with those parts of the game - all they require is a short swing. In my opinion, the average golfer underrates himself. He has all the physical equipment he needs to execute the full golf swing and hit full shots. A full swing is nothing more or less than an extension of the short swing. Like everything, it takes some learning, but learning the correct movements is 10 times less difficult than he thinks. In fact, once you are on the right track in golf, doing things the right way takes a lot less effort than the wrong way does.
没有足够的技术和协调能力来完成一个完整的挥杆动作。推杆或切杆则是另一回事。一般的高尔夫球手都觉得自己能很好地应付这些部分的比赛--只需要短距离挥杆即可。在我看来，普通球手低估了自己。他拥有执行完整挥杆动作和打出完整杆数所需的所有物理设备。全挥杆只不过是短挥杆的延伸。就像任何事情一样，它需要一些学习，但学习正确动作的难度要比他想象的小十倍。事实上，一旦你走上了正确的高尔夫之路，用正确的方法做事情比用错误的方法做事情要省力得多。

I realize that in some ways I can be a demanding man and that some things are harder for certain people to do than I may appreciate, but it really cuts me up to watch some golfer sweating over his shots on the practice tee, throwing away his energy to no constructive purpose, nine times out of 10 doing the same thing wrong he did years and years back when he first took up golf. This sort of golfer obviously loves the game or he wouldn’t be out there practicing it. I cannot watch him long. His frustration - all that fruitless expenditure of energy - really bothers me. If he stands out there on the practice tee till he’s 90 , he’s not going to improve. He’s going to get worse and worse because he’s going to get his bad habits more and more deeply ingrained. I know that thousands of golfers console themselves with the game’s being an avenue to exercise and companionship - which is wonderful - but every golfer, at the bottom of his heart, wants to play the game relatively well. To do that takes some application, some thought, some effort, but the golfer who goes about this wisely will play good golf and should go on to enjoy his golf increasingly the rest of his life. The greatest pleasure is obtained by improving.
我意识到，在某些方面，我可能是一个苛刻的人，某些事情对某些人来说可能比我所理解的更难做到，但看着一些高尔夫球手在练习台上挥汗如雨地打球，将精力浪费在毫无建设性的目的上，十有八九是在做他多年前刚开始打高尔夫时做过的同样错误的事情，这真的让我很受伤。这样的高尔夫球手显然热爱这项运动，否则他就不会在那里练习了。我不能长时间看他。他的挫败感--那些毫无结果的精力消耗--真的让我很烦恼。如果他在练习台上站到 90 岁，他是不会有进步的。他会越来越糟，因为他的坏习惯会越来越根深蒂固。我知道，成千上万的高尔夫球手都在安慰自己，高尔夫球是锻炼身体和增进友谊的一种方式，这固然很好，但每个高尔夫球手从心底里都想把球打得相对好一些。要做到这一点，需要一些运用、一些思考、一些努力，但明智的高尔夫球手会打出好球，并在余生中越来越多地享受高尔夫带来的乐趣。最大的乐趣在于不断进步。

Before we commence the instruction, let me tell you more specifically what we will be doing and what we hope to accomplish. To begin with, the book will comprise five lessons. In each one we will be presenting the golfer-reader with one or two fundamentals for him to practice and become well acquainted with so that he will be building a progressively sound foundation on which the ensuing fundamentals can be added. The golfer who devotes a half hour daily to practicing the points we will be bringing out during these five lessons will, I believe, improve his game and his scoring immediately and decisively. The degree of improvement his game will show will vary with the quality of each individual’s application. By continuing to practice and apply these
在开始教学之前，请允许我更具体地告诉大家我们要做什么以及希望达到什么目的。首先，本书将包括五节课。在每一课中，我们将向高尔夫球手读者介绍一到两个基本要素，让他练习并熟知这些基本要素，这样他就能打下一个循序渐进的良好基础，在此基础上再增加后续的基本要素。我相信，如果高尔夫球手每天抽出半小时来练习我们在这五节课中提出的要点，他的球技和得分就会立即得到显著提高。每个人的练习质量不同，他的球技提高的程度也会不同。通过不断练习和应用这些
fundamentals, the golfer will continue to improve his game - quite often, far beyond his fondest dreams. I do genuinely believe this: THE AVERAGE GOLFER IS ENTIRELY CAPABLE OF BUILDING A REPEATING SWING AND BREAKING 80, if he learns to perform a small number of correct movements and conversely, it follows, eliminates a lot of movements which tend to keep the swing from repeating. In these lessons we will certainly not be attempting to cover all of golf or even one-hundredth of that almost inexhaustible subject. What we will be concerning ourselves with are the facts of golf which have proved themselves to be the true fundamentals - fundamentals that can be checked and not simply left to the imagination or to guesswork. This is all that is really needed.
从根本上说，高尔夫球手会不断提高自己的球技，而且往往远远超出他最美好的梦想。我真的相信这一点：普通高尔夫球手完全有能力建立一个重复的挥杆动作，并打破 80 杆的记录，只要他学会做少量正确的动作，反之，就能消除大量容易使挥杆动作重复的动作。在这些课程中，我们肯定不会试图涵盖高尔夫的全部内容，甚至是这一几乎取之不尽、用之不竭的课题的百分之一。我们将关注的是高尔夫的事实，这些事实已被证明是真正的基本要素--可以被检验的基本要素，而不是简单地留给想象或猜测。这才是我们真正需要的。

In the opinion of friends of mine who are out-and-out traditionalists, many of my ideas on the golf swing are quite revolutionary. Some of them are, I believe. As I see it, some measures long esteemed to be of paramount importance in the golf swing are really not important at all. On the other hand, certain other measures that have been considered to be of only secondary importance (or of no importance at all) strike me as being invaluable - to be, in fact, the true fundamentals of the modern golf swing. Another thing. I am an advocate of that kind of teaching which stresses the exact nature and feel of the movements a player makes to achieve the result he wants. If you were teaching a child how to open a door, you wouldn’t open the door for him and then describe at length how the door looked when it was open. No, you would teach him how to turn the doorknob so that he could open the door himself. Similarly, in these lessons our method will stress what you do to achieve the result you’re after. The actions that cause the result - these are the true fundamentals of golf. For all the personal touches and mannerisms which are part of their individual styles, I have never seen a great player whose method of striking the ball did not include the fundamentals we will emphasize. Otherwise - it is as simple as that - that golfer could not be a great player.
我的朋友是不折不扣的传统主义者，在他们看来，我对高尔夫挥杆的许多想法都颇具革命性。我相信其中一些确实如此。在我看来，一些长期以来被认为是高尔夫挥杆中最重要的措施其实并不重要。另一方面，其他一些一直被认为只是次要的（或根本不重要的）措施却让我觉得非常宝贵--事实上，它们是现代高尔夫挥杆的真正基础。还有一点。我是那种强调球员为达到他想要的结果而做出的动作的确切性质和感觉的教学的倡导者。如果你要教一个孩子如何开门，你不会先帮他开门，然后详细描述门打开后的样子。不，你会教给他如何转动门把手，这样他就可以自己开门了。同样，在这些课程中，我们的方法将强调你做什么才能达到你想要的结果。导致结果的动作--这才是高尔夫的真正基础。我从未见过哪位伟大的球手的击球方法中不包含我们所强调的基本要素。否则--就这么简单--这位球手就不可能成为伟大的球手。

GOOD GOLF BEGINS WITH A GOOD GRIP. This statement, I realize, packs as much explosive punch as announcing the startling fact that the battery in baseball is composed of a pitcher and a catcher. Moreover, for most golfers the grip is the drabbest part of the swing. There’s no glamour to it. They see it accomplishing nothing active, nothing decisive. On the other hand, for myself and other serious golfers there is an undeniable beauty in the way a fine player sets his hands on the club. Walter Hagen, for instance, had a beautiful grip, delicate and at the same time powerful. It always looked to me as if Hagen’s hands had been especially designed to fit on a golf club. Of the younger players today, Jack Burke gets his hands on the club very handsomely. No doubt a professional golfer’s admiration for an impressive grip comes from his knowledge that, far from being a static “still life” sort of thing, the grip is the heartbeat of the action of the golf swing.
好高尔夫始于好握杆。我意识到，这句话的爆发力不亚于宣布一个惊人的事实：棒球的电池是由投手和捕手组成的。此外，对于大多数高尔夫球手来说，握杆是挥杆动作中最单调的部分。它没有任何魅力可言。在他们看来，握杆没有任何积极意义，没有任何决定性作用。另一方面，对我本人和其他严肃的高尔夫球手来说，优秀球手握杆的方式有一种不可否认的美感。例如，沃尔特-哈根（Walter Hagen）的握杆方式非常漂亮，细腻而有力。在我看来，哈根的手就好像是专门为握住高尔夫球杆而设计的。在当今的年轻球员中，杰克-伯克（Jack Burke）的手握球杆的姿势非常优美。毫无疑问，职业高尔夫球手对令人印象深刻的握杆动作的钦佩来自于他们知道，握杆绝非静态的 "静物"，而是高尔夫挥杆动作的心脏。

Logically, it has to be. The player’s only contact with the ball is through the clubhead, and his only direct physical contact with the club is through his hands. In the golf swing, the power is originated and generated by the movements of the body. As this power builds up, it is transferred from the body to the arms, which in turn transfer it through the hands to the clubhead. It multiplies itself enormously with every transfer, like a chain action in physics. Or, to use a more familiar example, think of the children’s game of snap-the-whip where the element at the end of the chain (in golf, the clubhead) is going thousands of times faster than the element which originated the velocity. This chain action depends on a proper grip. With a defective grip, a golfer cannot hold the club securely at the top of the backswing - the club will fly out of control every time. And if the club is not controlled by a proper grip, the power a golfer generates with his body never reaches the club through his hands on the downswing, and the clubhead cannot be accelerated to its maximum.
从逻辑上讲，必须如此。球员与球的唯一接触是通过杆头，与球杆的唯一直接身体接触是通过双手。在挥杆过程中，力量是由身体动作产生的。随着力量的积累，它从身体传递到手臂，手臂又通过双手将力量传递到杆头。每一次传递，力量都会成倍增长，就像物理学中的连锁反应。或者，举个更熟悉的例子，想想儿童游戏中的 "扣鞭子"，链条末端的元素（在高尔夫球中是杆头）比产生速度的元素快数千倍。这种连锁作用取决于正确的握杆方式。如果握杆不当，球手就无法在上杆顶点牢牢握住球杆，球杆每次都会失控飞出。而如果握杆不当，球手在下杆时身体产生的力量永远无法通过双手到达球杆，杆头也就无法加速到最大值。

A golfer’s power is originated and generated by the movements of the body. This power is transferred from the player’s body to his arms and then to his hands. It multiplies itself enormously with every transfer, like a chain action in physics
高尔夫球手的力量来源于身体的运动。这种力量从球员的身体传递到手臂，再传递到双手。每一次传递，力量都会成倍增长，就像物理学中的连锁反应一样

The standard grip is the overlapping grip. It has been for over half a century now, ever since Harry Vardon popularized it both in Great Britain and here in America. Up to now we haven’t found a grip that promotes as effective a union between the body and the club. One of these days a better one may come along, but until it does, we’ve got to stick with this one. In a good grip both hands act as ONE UNIT. They can’t if you grip the club almost correctly - which really means partially incorrectly. To cite the most common illustration, a right-handed player (whose left hand naturally is much less powerful than his right) kills any chance for a cooperative union of both hands if his right hand is dominant from the start or if it can assume dominance in the middle of the swing and take the whole swing over. One essential, then, to insure yourself a firm two-handed grip is to get your left hand on the club absolutely correctly. Here’s how I would advise you to do it:
标准握把是重叠式握把。自从哈里-瓦顿（Harry Vardon）在英国和美国将其推广以来，这种握杆方式已经沿用了半个多世纪。到目前为止，我们还没有找到一种握杆方式能促进身体与球杆之间的有效结合。也许有一天会出现更好的握杆方式，但在出现之前，我们必须坚持使用这种握杆方式。在一个好的握杆方式中，双手是一个整体。如果你几乎正确地握住球杆--实际上就是部分不正确地握住球杆，那么双手就不能像一个整体一样行动。举个最常见的例子，如果右手从一开始就占据主导地位，或者在挥杆过程中占据主导地位并控制整个挥杆过程，那么右撇子选手（其左手的力量自然比右手小得多）就会失去双手合作的机会。因此，确保双手握杆稳固的一个基本要素就是让左手绝对正确地握住球杆。我建议你这样做：

WITH THE BACK OF YOUR LEFT HAND FACING THE TARGET (AND THE CLUB IN THE GENERAL POSITION IT WOULD BE IN AT ADDRESS) PLACE THE CLUB IN THE LEFT HAND SO THAT 1) THE SHAFT IS PRESSED UP UNDER THE MUSCULAR PAD AT THE INSIDE HEEL OF THE PALM, AND 2) THE SHAFT ALSO LIES DIRECTLY ACROSS THE TOP JOINT OF THE FOREFINGER. (The accompanying drawing will clarify this for you. I think you will find that whatever subsequent difficulties may arise from the necessarily involved language of instruction will be resolved by the drawings.)
左手手背朝向目标（球杆的大致位置与击球时的位置相同），将球杆放在左手中，使 1) 杆身压在手掌内侧脚跟的肌肉垫下，2) 杆身直接穿过食指的上关节。(附图将为您说明这一点。我想你会发现，无论随后因教学语言必然涉及的问题而产生什么困难，都会通过图纸得到解决）。

CROOK THE FOREFINGER AROUND THE SHAFT AND YOU WILL DISCOVER THAT YOU CAN LIFT THE CLUB AND MAINTAIN A FAIRLY FIRM GRIP ON IT BY SUPPORTING IT
用食指绕着杆身弯曲，你会发现你可以举起球杆，并通过支撑球杆来保持相当牢固的握力

NOW JUST CLOSE THE LEFT HAND-CLOSE THE FINGERS BEFORE YOU CLOSE THE THUMB-AND THE CLUB WILL BE JUST WHERE IT SHOULD BE.
现在只需合拢左手--先合拢手指，再合拢拇指--球杆就会在它应该在的位置上。

Two views of the completed left-hand grip. The main pressure points are the last three fingers
已完成的左手握把的两个视图。主要受力点是最后三个手指

When a golfer has completed his left-hand grip, the V formed by the thumb and forefinger should point to his right eye. The total pressure of all the fingers should not be any stronger (and may even be a little less strong) than the pressure exerted by just the forefinger and the palm pad in the preparatory guiding action. In the completed grip, the main pressure points are the last three fingers, with the forefinger and the palm pad adding assisting pressure. The three fingers press up, the pad presses down, and the shaft is locked in between. Keeping pressure on the shaft with the palm pad does three things: it strengthens the left arm throughout the swing; at the top of the backswing, the pressure from this pad prevents the club from slipping from the player’s grasp; and it acts as a firm reinforcement at impact.
当球手完成左手握杆动作后，拇指和食指形成的 "V "字形应指向右眼。所有手指的总压力不应比食指和掌垫在预备引导动作中施加的压力大（甚至可能稍小一些）。在完成握持动作后，主要的压力点是最后三个手指，食指和掌垫会增加辅助压力。三个手指向上按压，掌垫向下按压，轴被锁定在两者之间。用掌垫保持对杆身的压力有三个作用：在整个挥杆过程中加强左臂的力量；在上杆顶点，掌垫的压力可以防止球杆从运动员手中滑落；在击球时起到稳固加强的作用。

This pressure we are speaking of should be “active,” the kind of pressure that makes your hand feel alive and ready for action. Some golfers grab hold of a club so ferociously they look like they’re going to twist the grip right off it. There’s no need for overdoing the strength of your grip. In fact, there’s a positive harm in it: you automatically tighten the cords in the left arm and render it so stiff, so deaf that it will be unable to hear your requests and give you a muscular response when you start your swing. Too tight a grip will also immobilize your wrist. A secure, alive, and comfortable grip is what you want, for, as the weighted clubhead is swung back, your fingers instinctively tighten their grasp on the shaft.
我们所说的压力应该是 "积极的"，是那种能让你的手感觉充满活力、随时准备行动的压力。有些高尔夫球手抓握球杆的力度非常大，看起来就像要把握把拧断一样。其实，握杆力度不必过大。事实上，这样做有百害而无一利：你会自动收紧左臂的绳索，使它变得僵硬、失聪，以至于在你开始挥杆时，它无法听到你的要求，也无法做出肌肉反应。握得太紧也会使手腕无法活动。一个安全、有活力、舒适的握杆姿势才是你想要的，因为当加重的杆头向后挥动时，你的手指会本能地紧紧抓住杆身。

Left-hand grip at top of backswing
上杆顶点左手握杆

Two anatomical views showing the muscular structure of left hand
显示左手肌肉结构的两个解剖视图

This drawing of the completed grip shows the proper positioning of the right hand.
这幅完成的握把图显示了右手的正确位置。

The grip of the right hand, since it is the hand that does the overlapping, is more complicated. If setting up a strong, correct left hand is one half of the job of establishing a one-unit grip, the other half is getting your right hand in a position to perform its share of the work but no more than its equal share. This means, in effect, subduing the natural tendency of the right forefinger and thumb to take charge. If they do, they’ll ruin you. The “pincer fingers,” the forefinger and thumb, are wonderful for performing countless tasks in daily living such as opening doors and picking up coffee cups, but they are no good at all in helping you to build a good grip and a good swing. The explanation behind this is that the muscles of the right forefinger and thumb connect with the very powerful set of muscles that run along the outside of the right arm and elbow to the right shoulder. If you work the tips of the thumb and forefinger together and apply any considerable amount of pressure, you automatically activate those muscles of the right arm and shoulder and those are not the muscles you want to use in the golf swing. Using them is what breeds so many golfers who never swing with both hands working together, who lurch back and then lurch into the ball, all right arm and right shoulder and all wrong.
右手的握法更为复杂，因为它是进行重叠动作的手。如果说建立一个强有力的、正确的左手是建立单手握杆的一半工作，那么另一半工作就是让你的右手完成它的那部分工作，但不超过它的同等份额。这实际上意味着要抑制右手食指和拇指的自然控制倾向。如果它们这样做，就会毁了你。食指和拇指这对 "钳指 "在日常生活中可以胜任无数的工作，比如开门和拿起咖啡杯，但在帮助你建立良好的握杆姿势和挥杆动作方面却毫无用处。这背后的原因是，右手食指和拇指的肌肉与沿着右臂外侧和肘部一直延伸到右肩的一组非常强大的肌肉相连。如果你将拇指和食指的指尖并拢并施加相当大的压力，你就会自动激活右臂和肩膀上的这些肌肉，而这些肌肉并不是你在挥杆时想要使用的。正是因为使用了这些肌肉，才导致许多高尔夫球手在挥杆时从不双手并用，而是猛地后退，然后猛地击球，完全是右臂和右肩的动作，完全是错误的。

TO OBTAIN THE PROPER GRIP WITH THE RIGHT HAND, HOLD IT SOMEWHAT EXTENDED, WITH THE PALM FACING YOUR TARGET NOW - YOUR LEFT HAND IS ALREADY CORRECTLY AFFIXED - PLACE THE CLUB IN YOUR RIGHT HAND SO THAT THE SHAFT LIES ACROSS THE TOP JOINT OF THE FOUR FINGERS AND DEFINITELY BELOW THE PALM.
为了获得正确的握杆姿势，右手应稍稍伸直，手掌朝向目标--此时左手已正确握杆--将球杆放在右手中，使杆身横跨四个手指的上关节，绝对低于手掌。

As the drawing shows, the club lies across the top joint of the fingers of the right hand. The two middle fingers supply the major part of the pressure
如图所示，球杆横跨右手手指的上关节。两个中指提供主要的压力

Right-hand grip is in the fingers, not the palm. The V of correct left-hand grip (a palm and finger grip) should point to golfer’s right eye
右手握杆的部位是手指，而不是手掌。正确的左手握杆（手掌和手指握杆）的 V 应指向球手的右眼

THE RIGHT-HAND GRIP IS A FINGER GRIP. THE TWO FINGERS WHICH SHOULD APPLY MOST OF THE PRESSURE ARE THE TWO MIDDLE FINGERS. As we have mentioned, the forefinger shouldn’t be allowed to become too forceful. As for the little finger, it slides up and over the forefinger of the left hand and locks itself securely in the groove between the left forefinger and the big finger. NOW, WITH THE CLUB HELD FIRMLY IN THE FINGERS OF YOUR RIGHT HAND, SIMPLY FOLD YOUR RIGHT HAND OVER YOUR LEFT THUMB-that is how I like to think of it. When you have folded the right hand over, the right thumb should ride down the left side of the shaft, slightly.
右手的握法是手指握法。用力最大的是两个中指。如前所述，食指不应过于用力。至于小指，它向上滑过左手食指，并牢牢地锁在左手食指和大指之间的凹槽里。现在，将球杆牢牢握在右手指上，然后将右手叠在左手拇指上--我就是这么想的。当您将右手对折时，右手拇指应顺着杆身左侧稍稍向下。

If there is one major consideration to keep uppermost in your mind about the right hand, it is that the club must be in the fingers and not in the palm. In order to get a check on the ball with backspin or to cut the ball up with a nice underspin and to do many other things with the ball, the ball must be hit sharp and crisp, and you can achieve this only if the club is in the fingers of the right hand. Furthermore, a proper right-hand grip will enable the player to transmit the greatest amount of speed to the clubhead. Controlled speed is what we want, and you can get this control only from the fingers, not from the right hand itself.
如果说右手有什么最重要的考虑因素，那就是球杆必须在手指上，而不是在手掌上。要想用后旋球控制住球，或用漂亮的下旋球把球切起来，以及用球做其他许多事情，就必须把球打得又尖又利，而只有球杆握在右手的手指上才能做到这一点。此外，正确的右手握杆能让球员将最大的速度传递到杆头。我们想要的是可控的速度，而这种可控性只能来自手指，而不是右手本身。

A word more about the little finger of the right hand. While it has been approved practice for quite some time to let the little finger ride sort of piggyback on top of the left forefinger, I would really advise you to hook that little finger in the groove between the forefinger and the big finger. It helps to keep the hands from slipping apart. It also gives me the good feeling that my hands are knitted vigorously together.
再说说右手的小拇指。虽然让小指捎带着搭在左手食指上的做法已经被认可了很长时间，但我还是建议你把小指勾在食指和大指之间的凹槽里。这有助于防止双手滑开。这也让我有一种双手紧紧握在一起的良好感觉。

A word further about the thumb area of the right hand. To promote a right-hand grip that is strong where it should be strong (and which will then more than offset the dangerous tendency to let the tips of thumb and forefinger work like a pincer), I recommend the golfer-reader to cultivate the following habit: School yourself when you are taking your grip so that the thumb and the adjoining part of the hand across the V - the part that is the upper extension of the forefinger - press up against each other tightly, as inseparable as Siamese twins. Keep them pressed together as you begin to affix your grip, and maintain this airtight pressure between them when you fold the right hand over the left thumb. In this connection, I like to feel that the knuckle on the back of my right hand above the forefinger is pressing to the left, toward my target. It rides almost on top of the shaft. I know then that the club has to be in my fingers. Furthermore, when you fold the right hand over the left thumb - and there is a lot left to fold over - the left thumb will fit perfectly in the “cup” formed in the palm of your folded right hand. They fit together like pieces in a jigsaw puzzle.
再谈谈右手的拇指部位。为了使右手的握杆在应该有力的地方更有力（这样就可以抵消让拇指和食指尖像钳子一样工作的危险倾向），我建议高尔夫球手-读者培养以下习惯：在握杆时要注意，让拇指和手掌V字形的相邻部分--即食指的上伸部分--紧紧地贴在一起，就像连体婴儿一样密不可分。在开始握笔时，要让它们紧紧贴在一起，当你把右手叠在左手拇指上时，要保持它们之间这种密不透风的压力。在这种情况下，我喜欢感觉右手食指上方的指关节向左压，压向我的目标。它几乎顶在杆身之上。这样我就知道，球杆必须在我的手指中。此外，当你将右手折叠到左手拇指上时--还有很多地方需要折叠--左手拇指将完全贴合在你折叠后的右手掌心形成的 "杯子 "中。它们就像拼图中的碎片一样合在一起。

Above: the completed two-hand grip. The left thumb (see drawing above) fits securely into the cup of the right palm
上图：完成的双手握把。左手拇指（见上图）稳稳地插入右手掌的杯状部位

This union of left thumb and right thumb pad strengthens the welding together of the two hands and it serves to add real reinforcement to your grip, particularly at the top of the backswing where poor grips are most likely to deteriorate. When you check your right-hand grip, the V formed by the thumb and forefinger should be pointing right at the button of your chin.
左手拇指和右手拇指垫的结合加强了两只手的焊接，它可以真正加强握杆，尤其是在上杆顶端，因为在这个位置握杆不佳的情况最容易恶化。当您检查右手握杆时，拇指和食指形成的 V 形应该正对您的下巴。

And a final word about those potential swing-wreckers, the right forefinger and thumb. While the tips of the forefinger and thumb do serve the advanced golfer as his finesse fingers, learning to use them only for touch in striking the ball requires some training. You will develop this talent as you go along. However, at this stage of the game when breaking down bad habits and acquiring correct new habits is our paramount consideration, there is no doubt whatsoever in my mind that the average golfer should forget about this finesse business completely. It can do him so much more harm than good in learning how to use the right hand. In this connection, an extremely beneficial exercise to practice (perhaps five minutes daily for a week) is to grip the club and swing it with the right forefinger and thumb entirely off the shaft. This gives a golfer a wonderful sense of having just one corporate hand on the club. This, of course, is the ideal. When you complete your grip, try to feel that the tips of the forefinger and thumb are hardly on the club and strive instead to build up that opposite feeling (which we described earlier) that the knuckle above the forefinger is pressing toward the thumb and toward the target.
最后要说的是那些潜在的挥杆 "破坏者"--右手食指和拇指。虽然食指和拇指的指尖确实可以作为高级高尔夫球手的技巧手指，但要学会只用它们来触球，还需要一些训练。随着时间的推移，你会逐渐掌握这种技巧。然而，在这个以改掉坏习惯和养成正确的新习惯为首要考虑的阶段，毫无疑问，我认为普通球手应该完全忘掉这些技巧。这对他学习如何使用右手弊大于利。在这方面，一个非常有益的练习方法（也许每天练习五分钟，持续一周）是握住球杆，用右手食指和拇指完全离开杆身挥杆。这样，球手就会有一种只有一只手握住球杆的美妙感觉。当然，这是理想状态。当你完成握杆动作时，试着感觉食指和拇指的指尖几乎不在球杆上，而是努力建立一种相反的感觉（我们前面已经描述过了），即食指上方的指关节正压向拇指，压向目标。

It may seem that we have gone into unwarranted detail about the elements of the correct grip. This is anything but the case. Too often in golf, players mistake the generality for the detail. They think, for example, that overlapping the finger is the detail and so they do not pay sufficient attention to how they do it. Or they confuse an effect (which can be quite superficial) with the action (the real thing) that causes the
看起来，我们似乎已经对正确握把的要素进行了不必要的详细介绍。但事实并非如此。在高尔夫运动中，球手们经常会把一般性的东西误认为是细节。例如，他们认为手指重叠才是细节，因此没有充分注意如何操作。或者，他们将效果（可能很肤浅）与动作（真正的东西）混为一谈，而动作会导致
effect. For instance, a lot of golfers are under the impression that if their two Vs are pointed correctly, their grip must be correct. It may be or may not be. The direction of the Vs is no guarantee, simply a check point. In golf there are certain things you must do quite precisely, where being approximately right is not right enough. The grip is one of these areas where being half right accomplishes nothing. On the other hand, once you start cultivating the right habits, gripping the club correctly comes easily. You’ll fall right into it. Furthermore, being painstaking about learning to grip rewards you a thousand times over. Once you have mastered a correct grip - and assuming your stance and posture are also correct - you can practically forget about what the hands will be doing, or what they have to do, during the swing. They will take care of it themselves. The reason for this is that a correct grip brings into play the correct muscles of your arms and body.
效果。例如，很多高尔夫球手都认为，如果他们的两个V指向正确，那么他们的握杆方式就一定是正确的。可能是，也可能不是。Vs 的方向并不是保证，只是一个检查点。在高尔夫球运动中，有些事情你必须做得非常精确，近似正确是不够的。握杆就是其中之一，半途而废将一事无成。另一方面，一旦你开始培养正确的习惯，正确握杆就会变得轻而易举。你会很快进入状态。此外，刻苦地学习握杆，会给你带来千百倍的回报。一旦你掌握了正确的握杆姿势，并且假设你的站姿和姿势也正确，那么你几乎可以忘掉挥杆过程中双手要做什么，或者它们必须做什么。它们自己会处理好的。原因在于，正确的握杆能使手臂和身体的肌肉发挥正确的作用。

I would like to support these points, if I may, with a chunk of autobiography, for if any golfer ever ran the whole gamut of grips, I did. I was born left-handed - that was the normal way for me to do things. I was switched over to doing things right-handed when I was a boy but I started golf as a left-hander because the first club I ever came into possession of, an old five-iron, was a left-handed stick. I stopped being a left-handed golfer for what might be termed local commercial conditions: the boys in my home town, Fort Worth, used to buy their golf clubs (at a dollar per club) at a five-and-dime store, and there simply never was any left-handed equipment in the barrel where the clubs were stacked. When I changed over to the right side, possibly as a hangover from my left-handed start I first used a cross-hand grip. I experimented next with the interlocking grip, and at length - I must have been about 15 at the time - I finally arrived at the overlapping grip. I was working then in the golf shop at the Glen Garden club, and I copied the grip of Ted Longworth, the pro. I recognized quickly that this was the best of all grips, and once I had persuaded myself of that fact, it took me only a short time to familiarize myself with it.
如果可以的话，我想用一段自传来佐证这些观点，因为如果说有哪个高尔夫球手用过所有的握杆方式，那就是我。我生来就是左撇子--这是我做事情的正常方式。小时候，我改用右手打球，但开始打高尔夫时，我是个左撇子，因为我拥有的第一支球杆--一支老式的五号铁杆--是左撇子球杆。我不再是左撇子是因为当地的商业条件：我的家乡沃斯堡的男孩们经常在五角商店购买高尔夫球杆（每支一美元），而在堆放球杆的桶里根本就没有左撇子的装备。当我改用右手时，可能是左撇子的宿命，我首先使用的是交叉握把。接下来，我又尝试了交错握杆法，最后--当时我大概 15 岁吧--我终于找到了重叠握杆法。当时我在格兰花园俱乐部的高尔夫用品店工作，我模仿了职业球手泰德-朗沃斯（Ted Longworth）的握杆方式。我很快就意识到这是所有握杆方式中最好的一种，一旦我说服了自己，我只花了很短的时间就熟悉了它。

Gripping the club with the right thumb and forefinger off shaft helps a golfer to accustom himself to the feeling of strong, correct grip in which both hands work together as one unit
用右手拇指和食指离开杆身握住球杆，有助于球手适应有力、正确的握杆感觉，使两只手像一个整体一样协同工作。

Over the years since first adopting the overlapping grip, I have made two minor alterations. Right after I came out of the service, I changed from what is called the “long thumb,” the left thumb fully extended
自从第一次采用重叠式握把以来，多年来我做过两次小改动。刚退役时，我改变了所谓的 "长拇指 "握法，即左手拇指完全伸直
down the shaft, to a modified “short thumb,” contracting my left thumb and pulling it up a half inch. The “long thumb” let the club drop down too far at the top of the backswing, and it was really rough to get my timing right. I made my second alteration in 1946, moving my left hand a good half inch to the left. I was working then to find some way of retaining my power while curbing my occasional tendency to hook. Moving my left hand over so that the thumb was directly down the middle of the shaft was the first step in licking that problem. I regard both of these changes as personal modifications or adjustments. That is, they were beneficial for me and I would advocate them as sound measures for golfers with the same natural swing pattern and hitting action as myself. Let me make it clear, though, that I look upon them only as adjustments and not as fundamentals. The truly fortunate golfer is the player who needs to make the smallest number of adjustments.
拇指"，即收缩左手拇指并向上拉半寸。长拇指 "让球杆在上杆顶端下垂过多，很难掌握好击球时机。1946 年，我进行了第二次改动，将左手向左移了半英寸。当时我正在努力寻找一种既能保持力量又能抑制偶尔勾球倾向的方法。将左手移到拇指正中的位置，是解决这一问题的第一步。我认为这两种改变都是个人的修改或调整。也就是说，它们对我来说是有益的，而且我也提倡那些与我有着相同自然挥杆模式和击球动作的高尔夫球手将它们作为合理的措施。不过，请允许我明确指出，我只把它们看作是调整，而不是基础。真正幸运的高尔夫球手是需要调整的次数最少的球手。

The golf grip is bound to function most effectively when the hands and fingers feel thin. Some days they do, some days they don’t. Interestingly enough, drinking some ginger ale, because of its effect on the kidneys, seems to prevent the hands from feeling too fat and puffy. If the weather is cold, of course, it always affects your feel. To make sure my hands were warm enough at Carnoustie, I carried a hand-warmer in each pocket. These are Victorian gadgets that work something like a cigarette lighter; the small metal containers (covered with heavy cloth) are filled with a fluid that, once the wick is lit, smolders for about eight hours. These hand-warmers, incidentally, also served to keep the golf balls in my pocket nice and warm. A warm ball, you know, flies farther than a cold one.
当双手和手指感觉纤细时，高尔夫握把的功能必然发挥得淋漓尽致。有些时候会，有些时候不会。有趣的是，喝一些姜汁汽水，因为它对肾脏有影响，似乎可以防止手部感觉过于肥胖和浮肿。当然，如果天气寒冷，总会影响手感。在卡诺斯蒂，为了确保双手足够温暖，我在每个口袋里都放了一个暖手宝。这些都是维多利亚时代的小玩意儿，工作原理类似于打火机；小金属容器（外面包着厚布）里装满了液体，一旦点燃灯芯，就能燃烧大约八个小时。顺便说一句，这些暖手宝还能让我口袋里的高尔夫球保持温暖。要知道，温暖的球比冰冷的球飞得更远。

In our next lesson, we will take up the modern fundamentals of the stance and posture. But don’t go too fast. For at least a week PUT IN 30 MINUTES OF DAILY PRACTICE ON THE GRIP. LEARNING THESE NEXT FUNDAMENTALS WILL THEN BE TWICE AS EASY AND TWICE AS VALUABLE. I want to stress again that intelligent application is required to learn the golf swing, but how self-rewarding this application is! The average golfer will finally learn how to put all the elements of the swing together. He will be able to repeat that swing and to hit shots that have the same basic character as a professional’s because he will be using the same method a pro does. He may not be as long as a pro or as accurate, but he will be long and straight. And he will be hitting correctly executed golf shots, with real character to them. That is something a lot of people have never experienced, but it is entirely
在下一课中，我们将学习站姿和姿势的现代基础知识。但不要操之过急。至少一周内，每天练习握拍 30 分钟。这样，学习接下来的基础知识就会事半功倍。我想再次强调，学习高尔夫挥杆需要智慧的应用，但这种应用是多么的自我回报！一般的高尔夫球手最终会学会如何将挥杆的所有要素组合在一起。他将能够重复这一挥杆动作，并打出与职业选手具有相同基本特征的球，因为他将使用与职业选手相同的方法。他可能没有职业球员那么长，也没有职业球员那么准，但他会打得又长又直。他的高尔夫球打得很准，很有特点。这是很多人从未体验过的，但这完全是
within the average person’s power. I cannot emphasize this point too strongly.
在普通人的能力范围之内。这一点我怎么强调都不过分。

Once the average golfer is properly started on the correct method of hitting the golf ball, he will begin to improve and to feel that improvement, and he will gradually find that he is able to hit fine, full shots and to hit the ball high, low, draw it, fade it, play sand shots, recoveries, half shots - ALL THIS WITHOUT CHANGING HIS SWING. The swing itself is what gives you this feel for managing this full variety of golf shots.
一旦普通高尔夫球手正确掌握了正确的击球方法，他就会开始进步，并感受到这种进步，他就会逐渐发现自己能够打出好球、全垒打、高球、低球、平球、淡球、沙球、回球、半杆，而这一切都无需改变他的挥杆动作。挥杆本身就能让你感受到如何打好各种高尔夫球。

If his grip is faulty, the golfer won’t have control of club when he reaches the top of his backswing
如果握杆姿势不正确，球手上杆时就无法控制球杆。

If his grip is correct, the club will be held perfectly under control at the top of the player’s backswing
如果握杆姿势正确，球杆就能在运动员上杆的顶端得到完美控制

With fulcrum (hands) at end of shaft, the center of gravity is changed and clubhead feels much heavier
支点（手）位于杆端，重心发生变化，杆头会感觉更重。

As he improves, the average golfer will enjoy the game more and more, for a correct swing will enable him to rediscover golf - in fact, to discover golf for the first time. He will have the necessary equipment,
随着水平的提高，普通高尔夫球手会越来越喜欢这项运动，因为正确的挥杆可以让他重新发现高尔夫--事实上，是第一次发现高尔夫。他将拥有必要的装备、
the full “vocabulary” for golf. He’s going to see a different game entirely. When he gets on a tee where a 170-yard minimum carry is needed to get across a water hazard, he won’t go blank over the ball, as some golfers do, and just pray that somehow he will get it over the water, this being the best he can hope for. No, he’ll know he can carry 200 yards of water any old time and he’ll honestly be able to think about the more advanced things: how much of the water hazard he should try to cut off, the best position (for a player of his individual length) across the water from which to play his second on the particular hole. The strategy implicit on every good golf hole will appeal to him, not befuddle him. He’ll understand the reason why that tree is standing along the left edge of the fairway. He’ll see why that trap edges into the opening to the green. He’ll see why the fairway narrows where it does. He will not want the greens committee to cut down that tree or close up that trap or push back the rough. He will even object if there is a plan afoot to soften up the rough.
高尔夫的全部 "词汇"。他会看到完全不同的比赛。当他站在发球台上，需要至少带170码的球才能越过水障碍时，他不会像有些高尔夫球手那样，对着球发呆，只是祈祷自己能带着球越过水障碍，这是他所能希望的最好结果。不，他知道自己随时都能扛过 200 码的水域，而且他还能老老实实地考虑更高级的事情：他应该努力切断多少水域障碍，在特定球洞中从哪个最佳位置（对于他这样身高的球员来说）横跨水域打第二杆。每一个好球洞所蕴含的策略都会吸引他，而不是让他无所适从。他会明白为什么那棵树会矗立在球道的左侧边缘。他会明白为什么那个陷阱会延伸到果岭的开口处。他会明白球道为什么会变窄。他不会希望果岭委员会砍掉那棵树，也不会希望果岭委员会关闭那个陷坑，更不会希望果岭委员会把果岭推后。如果有人计划软化果岭，他甚至会反对。

He will, in short, absorb the spirit of the game. When he hits a poor shot and leaves himself with a difficult recovery, he’ll respond to the challenge of having to play a difficult shot extra well in order to make up for his error. If there’s a small opening to the green, he will respond to that challenge of having to hit a more accurate shot than he usually does or pay the just consequences. He will feel this way about golf because he will know he has an essentially correct, repeating swing and that he can, with moderate concentration, produce the shot that is called for. He will make errors, of course, because he is human, but he will be a golfer and the game will be a source of ever-increasing pleasure for him.
总之，他会吸收比赛的精神。当他打出一个糟糕的球，给自己留下一个难以弥补的遗憾时，他就会迎接挑战，打出一个难度更大的球，以弥补自己的失误。如果果岭上有一个小洞口，他就会迎接挑战，必须打出比平时更准的一杆，否则就要付出应有的代价。他之所以对高尔夫球有这种感觉，是因为他知道自己的挥杆动作基本上是正确的、重复的，只要注意力适度集中，就能打出要求的球。当然，他也会犯错误，因为他也是人，但他会成为一名高尔夫球手，而且这项运动会给他带来越来越多的乐趣。

One of the great fascinations of golf is the instinctive feeling a player gets soon after he has taken the game up that there is an explanation for everything that takes place, that the seeming mystery of how to hit the ball well and hit it well regularly is not mysterious at all, that it is possible to arrive at answers that will be as clear-cut and irrefutable as the solution the master detective unfolds in the last chapter of a mystery novel. All of us, quite like detectives, set off on our own separate paths. We develop a clue here, put it to the test to see if it holds up, develop another lead there, test this lead in turn to see if it will hold up, and so on and on. It is not an easy job. Today’s brilliant deduction all too often folds under deeper examination and becomes tomorrow’s dead end. And more than that, with no trouble at all you can get off on the wrong track, increase your error by studiously taking the wrong turn at another crucial fork in the road, and before you know it you are lost in a labyrinth of your own making. Perhaps the only true mystery to golf is the essential magnetism the game possesses which makes so many of us, regardless of discouragement, never quite turn in our trench coats and magnifying glasses and stop our search for the answers.
高尔夫的一大魅力在于，球员在开始打球后不久就会有一种本能的感觉：发生的一切都有解释，如何打好球、如何经常打好球这个看似神秘的问题其实一点也不神秘，我们有可能找到答案，就像侦探大师在悬疑小说的最后一章所揭示的谜底一样，一目了然、无可辩驳。我们每个人都像侦探一样，踏上各自不同的道路。我们在这里找到一条线索，对它进行检验，看它是否站得住脚，在那里找到另一条线索，再对这条线索进行检验，看它是否站得住脚，如此循环往复。这不是一项简单的工作。今天的高明推理往往在深入研究后就会折戟沉沙，成为明天的死胡同。更有甚者，不费吹灰之力，你就能走上错误的道路，在另一个关键的岔路口刻意拐错弯，增加自己的失误，不知不觉就迷失在自己制造的迷宫中。也许高尔夫唯一真正的奥秘就在于它所具有的本质磁性，这种磁性让我们中的许多人无论遇到什么挫折，都不会放弃穿上风衣，戴上放大镜，停止寻找答案的脚步。

Golf also seems to bring out the scientist in a person. He soon discovers that unless he goes about observing and testing with an orderly method, he is simply complicating his problems. In this general connection, I found out that it helps me immensely to bring along a notebook and pencil to the practice tee and to write down after each session just what it was I had been working on, exactly how it was coming, and precisely where it was that I should resume my testing the next time I went out to practice. I will probably keep on studying golf all my life, but I honestly feel that I have now acquired a sound understanding of the game that will be of real value to all golfers. How I wish I had known what I know today when I was a youngster just starting out!
高尔夫似乎还能激发一个人的科学家精神。他很快就会发现，除非有条不紊地进行观察和测试，否则只会把问题复杂化。在这方面，我发现带着笔记本和铅笔去练习发球台对我帮助很大，每次练习后，我都会写下我在研究什么，研究的结果如何，以及下次练习时我应该在哪里继续测试。我可能一辈子都会继续研究高尔夫，但我真的觉得，我现在已经对这项运动有了正确的认识，这对所有高尔夫球手都会有真正的价值。我多么希望在我还是一个刚刚起步的年轻人时，就知道我今天所知道的一切！

As I said in the first lesson, no one can play good golf unless he has a correct, powerful, repeating swing. A man or woman of average coordination can build such a swing if he or she goes about it sensibly. It
正如我在第一课中所说的，除非拥有正确、有力、重复的挥杆动作，否则没有人能打出好的高尔夫球。一个协调能力一般的男人或女人，只要理智地去做，就能做出这样的挥杆动作。它
really boils down to learning and practicing a few fundamentals until performing them becomes almost as instinctive as walking. There are not as many things to learn as you might think, for the swing we are teaching has been stripped down to the authentic essentials. The only “technical” thing about this swing is the explanation. There is a definite purpose behind every movement.
实际上，挥杆可以归结为学习和练习一些基本动作，直到挥杆变得像走路一样本能。需要学习的东西并不像你想象的那么多，因为我们所教授的挥杆动作已经简化到了最基本的部分。这种挥杆动作的唯一 "技术 "之处在于解释。每个动作背后都有明确的目的。

The first of these inclusive fundamentals is, of course, the grip, which we already have discussed. The second is the stance and the posture. Many golfers make the sizable error of thinking of the stance as that preparatory part of the swing in which the player merely lines himself up on the target he’s shooting at. While one of the purposes of the stance certainly is to set up the direction of the shot, it also has quite a number of other functions that are much more important. Power and control must be combined in a good golf swing, and the stance is that step in which a golfer sets himself up so that 1 ) his body will be in balance throughout the swing, 2) his muscles are ready to perform fluidly and, 3) as a logical result, all the energy he pours into his swing will be channeled to produce maximum control and power. When you see a fine player making little individual movements of his feet or his knees or his shoulders as he settles into his stance, do not mistake these for empty gestures of nervousness. And they’re not movements, either, that precede his arriving at a static, fixed position. What he’s actually trying to do is to feel that everything he will be calling on in his swing is in balance and poised for action.
这些基本要素中的第一项当然是我们已经讨论过的握法。其次是站姿和姿势。许多高尔夫球手都犯了一个很大的错误，那就是把站姿看作是挥杆的准备动作，在这个动作中，球手只是把自己对准目标。虽然站姿的目的之一当然是确定击球方向，但它还有许多其他更重要的功能。一个好的高尔夫挥杆动作必须将力量和控制结合起来，而站姿就是高尔夫球手为自己做好准备的一个步骤：1）在整个挥杆过程中身体保持平衡；2）肌肉准备好流畅地挥杆；3）因此，他在挥杆过程中倾注的所有能量都将用于产生最大的控制和力量。当你看到一位优秀的选手在站好姿势时，脚、膝盖或肩膀会有一些单独的小动作，千万不要误以为这是紧张的空洞姿态。这些动作也不是在他到达一个静止、固定的位置之前的动作。实际上，他要做的是感觉到在挥杆过程中，他所需要的一切都处于平衡状态，并准备就绪。

The proper stance and posture enable a golfer to be perfectly balanced and poised throughout the swing. Only then will his legs, arms, and body be able to carry out their interrelated assignments correctly
正确的站姿和姿势能让球手在整个挥杆过程中保持完美的平衡和姿态。只有这样，他的双腿、双臂和身体才能正确执行相互关联的任务

When a golfer steps up to his ball to play a shot - mind you, he already has his grip on the club and from the moment he took the club from his bag he should be getting the feel of the weight - he first aligns
当高尔夫球手站到球前准备击球时--请注意，他已经握紧了球杆，而且从他从球袋中取出球杆的那一刻起，他就应该感受到球杆的重量了--他首先要对准球杆，然后才开始击球。
the face of his club with his target. Then, aligning himself with the face of the club, he shuffles into position for the upcoming shot. The adjustment of the feet, the legs, the body, the arms and hands - all these are done simultaneously, interdependently. However, for the purposes of instruction, we will take them up one at a time, and we will start with the feet.
将杆面对准目标。然后，他将自己与球杆杆面对齐，为即将开始的击球移动位置。脚、腿、身体、手臂和手的调整--所有这些都是同时进行、相互依存的。不过，为了便于教学，我们将逐一进行，先从脚部开始。

To begin with, how far apart should the feet be? The soundest rule, since it applies for people of nearly all builds, is that THE FEET SHOULD BE SET APART THE WIDTH OF THE SHOULDERS WHEN YOU ARE PLAYING A STANDARD FIVE-IRON SHOT. THEY ARE SET SOMEWHAT CLOSER TOGETHER WHEN YOU PLAY THE MORE LOFTED CLUBS, SOMEWHAT WIDER THAN THE WIDTH OF THE SHOULDERS WHEN YOU PLAY THE LONG IRONS AND THE WOODS. Spreading the feet too far apart is somewhat self-defeating. By over-extending your legs, you may lock them at joints that must remain supple. I do want to bring out, however, that most golfers take too narrow a stance. I advocate a stance that is fairly wide because it gives you a firmer foundation for traction and balance, and it permits the shoulders to be unbunched and to operate more freely than a narrow stance does.
首先，双脚应该相距多远？最合理的规则是，在打标准的五连杆时，双脚间距应与肩宽相等，因为它几乎适用于所有体型的人。打倾角较大的球杆时，双脚应靠得更近一些；打长铁杆和木杆时，双脚应比肩宽一些。双脚分得太开有些弄巧成拙。双腿过度伸展，可能会锁住必须保持柔软的关节。不过，我想指出的是，大多数高尔夫球手的站姿都过于狭窄。我主张站姿要相当宽，因为它能为你的牵引力和平衡力提供更坚实的基础，而且与窄站姿相比，它能让肩膀松弛下来，更自由地活动。

The feet should be set apart the width of the shoulders when the golfer prepares to play a standard five-iron shot
当球手准备打标准的五杆洞时，双脚之间的距离应与肩膀同宽。

Some tournament-caliber golfers, as you may have noticed, choose to stand with the toes of both feet pointed out. It has always struck me that these players succeed in spite of the placement of their feet, for I have been convinced since my early days in golf that THERE IS ONE CORRECT BASIC STANCE: THE RIGHT FOOT IS AT A RIGHT
您可能已经注意到，一些大赛级别的高尔夫球手选择双脚脚尖朝外的站姿。我一直很奇怪，尽管这些选手的双脚位置不同，但他们却能取得成功，因为从我打高尔夫球的早期开始，我就深信有一个正确的基本姿势：右脚在右侧，左脚在左侧，右脚在右侧。

ANGLE TO THE LINE OF FLIGHT AND THE LEFT FOOT IS TURNED OUT A QUARTER OF A TURN TO THE LEFT.
与飞行路线成一定角度，左脚向左转体四分之一圈。

The term a quarter of a turn may be confusing, and I had better explain that what I have in mind is that placing your left foot so that the toe would be pointing right at the target would amount to a full 90degree turn from a position perpendicular to the line of flight. In other words, a quarter of a turn signifies a quarter of that 90 -degree angle, or about 22 degrees to the left of perpendicular.
转体四分之一这个词可能会让人感到困惑，我最好解释一下，我的意思是，将左脚脚尖指向目标右侧，相当于从垂直于飞行线的位置转体 90 度。换句话说，四分之一转体表示 90 度角的四分之一，即垂直线左侧约 22 度。

When a player employs this stance, his body will be in a much better position when the club is coming into the ball on the downswing to go in the direction in which his left foot is going. As a matter of fact, you can tell just from looking at a good golfer’s stance exactly where he is aiming to hit his shot. Most pros even tend to list their bodies a little toward the target at address. On the other hand, a golfer who stands with both feet turned out makes you wonder to yourself, “Is this fellow going to hit the ball right-handed or left-handed?” His stance gives you no clue in which direction he’s going.
当球手采用这种站姿的时候，当球杆在下杆时进入球的方向与左脚的方向一致时，他的身体会处于一个更好的位置。事实上，只要看一下优秀球手的站姿，就能知道他的击球目标到底在哪里。大多数职业选手甚至会在击球时将身体稍稍向目标方向倾斜。另一方面，一个双脚外翻站立的高尔夫球手会让你怀疑自己："这家伙是要用右手还是左手击球？"他的站姿让你不知道他要往哪个方向打。

Obeying the basic stance accomplishes several very important things, the full value of which will become clearer and clearer as the lessons progress. FIRST, IT MAKES IT APPRECIABLY EASIER FOR THE GOLFER, AS HE GOES INTO HIS BACKSWING, TO FEEL AND CONTROL THE MUSCLES THAT SHOULD INITIATE THE SWING. SECOND, THE CORRECT STANCE ACTS AS A PERFECT AUTOMATIC GOVERNOR ON THE AMOUNT OF HIP TURN THE GOLFER CAN TAKE (AND SHOULD TAKE) ON THE BACKSWING. It allows the hips to be rotated as far around as is advisable, but it prevents them from being rotated too far around. Now, if the player stands with his left foot squared (or perpendicular) and not turned out as it should be, when the hips are turned - since they start at a point nearer to the right and rear - they will turn well beyond the point of maximum desirable rotation. If a player’s right foot is turned out instead of squared, this also allows his hips to turn further around than is advisable.
遵守基本站姿可以达到几个非常重要的目的，其全部价值将随着课程的进展而变得越来越清晰。首先，当球手进入上杆动作时，它能使球手更容易感受和控制启动挥杆动作的肌肉。其次，正确的站姿可以完美地自动调节球手在上杆时髋部可以（和应该）转动的幅度。它允许髋部在可取的范围内旋转，但又能防止髋部过度旋转。现在，如果球手站立时左脚呈正方形（或垂直），而不是像应有的那样外翻，那么当髋部转动时，由于髋部的起始点靠近右侧和后方，因此髋部的转动会远远超过最理想的转动点。如果球员的右脚外翻，而不是呈正方形，这也会让他的髋部转得更远。

Here are some check points to use when you are practicing your hip turn: When you start from the correct basic stance and complete a full hip turn, your belt buckle should point toward the toe of your squared right foot. However, when you start from the faulty stances we’ve described above, your hip turn will carry you well past this check point and your belt buckle will be pointing in almost the exact opposite direction from your target.
以下是您在练习转体时的一些检查要点：当你从正确的基本姿势开始并完成一个完整的转髋动作时，你的腰带扣应该指向你方形右脚的脚尖。然而，当你从上面描述的错误姿势开始时，你的转髋动作将远远超过这个检查点，你的腰带扣将指向与目标几乎完全相反的方向。

Third, the stance also affects the downswing, a very great deal. By standing with his right foot pointed out, for example, a player definitely makes it much harder for himself to bring the club swiftly and smoothly
第三，站姿对下杆的影响也非常大。举例来说，如果球员站立时右脚朝外，那么他就很难迅速平稳地挥杆。
into the ball and through it. He has obstructed his own passage forward. He has to go on a detour out and around his right hip to get past it. He also makes things hard for himself in a different way if he stands with his left foot squared and not turned out that vital quarter of a turn. I know that if I stand with my left foot squared, my left leg and my whole body feel uncomfortably restricted when I’m hitting through the ball. Instead of everything moving cohesively and freely toward my target, everything is grinding under strain. IF YOUR LEFT FOOT IS CORRECTLY POSITIONED, ON THE OTHER HAND, YOU CAN GO THROUGH THE BALL WITH EVERYTHING YOU’VE GOT YOU CAN RELEASE THE WHOLE WORKS. THERE ISN’T AN OUNCE OF ENERGY THAT ISN’T IMPARTED TO THE BALL.
进球并通过球。他阻碍了自己前进的道路。他必须迂回出球，绕过右胯才能通过。如果他的左脚站成正方形，没有转出至关重要的四分之一圈，他也会以另一种方式给自己造成困难。我知道，如果我的左脚站成正方形，当我击球时，我的左腿和整个身体都会感到不舒服。所有的东西都在紧张地磨擦，而不是凝聚在一起自由地向目标移动。相反，如果你的左脚位置正确，你就能全力以赴地击球，你就能释放出全部的能量。没有一丝一毫的能量没有传给球。

The fact that an apparently insignificant detail like the position of the left foot can affect your entire swing for better or for worse is an intrinsic part of golf. The explanation is, of course, anatomical - not that we will pursue this at all deeply. In any event, certain muscles of the body connect with certain other muscles. When you use one muscle in a certain chain, you also activate the others that are connected with it. There are some sets of muscles that should be active in the golf swing, and there are some other sets of muscles that have no real business in the swing. For example, when a golfer overturns his hips going back, then, since he cannot move forward by the proper means - using the hips themselves - he has to call on incorrect sources of power, like his right shoulder, to get some force into his shot. When he brings these incorrect forces into his swing, his coordination breaks down, for by using wrong muscles he necessarily curtails the correct functioning of the correct muscles. That is why it is so important to develop the right habits, proper muscle memory. The way the parts of the body function in the golf swing is, in fact, not unlike a Western movie with heroes and villains: if you set it up so that the good guys take over, the bad guys can’t.
事实上，像左脚位置这样看似微不足道的细节，却能影响整个挥杆动作的好坏，这是高尔夫运动的固有特点。当然，这要从解剖学的角度来解释--我们并不是要深入探讨这个问题。无论如何，身体的某些肌肉会与其他肌肉相连。当你使用某一肌肉链中的一块肌肉时，你也会激活与之相连的其他肌肉。在挥杆过程中，有些肌肉应该处于活跃状态，而有些肌肉则与挥杆无关。例如，当高尔夫球手臀部向后翻转时，由于他无法通过正确的方式（利用臀部本身）向前移动，因此他不得不借助不正确的力量来源（如右肩）来为击球提供一些力量。当他将这些不正确的力量带入挥杆时，他的协调性就会崩溃，因为使用错误的肌肉必然会影响正确肌肉的正确运作。这就是为什么培养正确的习惯、正确的肌肉记忆如此重要。事实上，身体各部分在挥杆过程中的运作方式与西部电影中的英雄和恶棍并无二致：如果你设定好让好人接管，坏人就无法接管。

The incorrect positioning of the right foot can lead to many serious errors, including dipping the left knee, swaying the right leg out to the right, turning the hips excessively, and making a forced, incorrect shoulder turn as left arm breaks
右脚的位置不正确会导致许多严重的错误，包括左膝下垂、右腿向右外侧摇摆、过度转动臀部，以及左臂断开时被迫做出不正确的转肩动作。

Turning now to the arms. During the swing, one of the two arms is always straight - that is, fully extended. There’s a very good reason for this. IN ORDER FOR THE CLUB TO TRAVEL ITS MAXIMUM ARC, ONE ARM MUST BE EXTENDED AT ALL TIMES. If a player breaks his left elbow on the backswing or breaks his right elbow on the followthrough, he shortens his arc appreciably. And if he swings with a shorter arc, he gives himself a shorter distance in which he can accelerate the speed with which his club is traveling. (The greater the speed of the club, of course, the greater the distance he will hit the ball.) It’s like accelerating an automobile. If you accelerate an automobile over a distance of, say, two blocks, can you get it up to anywhere like the speed you’d obtain if you accelerated it for a distance of five blocks? Moreover, if one of the player’s two arms is always extended, his arc will be uniform. This gives him a far better chance of building a repeating swing than a player who bends his arms a little differently on each swing and whose coordination is bound to vary as his arc varies.
现在来看手臂。在挥杆过程中，两臂中的一只始终伸直，即完全伸直。这是有充分理由的。为了让球杆划出最大弧线，一只手臂必须始终伸直。如果球员在上杆时左肘折断，或在击球时右肘折断，他的挥杆弧线就会明显缩短。如果挥杆的弧线缩短，那么他可以加快球杆移动速度的距离也会缩短。(当然，球杆速度越快，击球距离就越远）。这就像汽车加速一样。如果你在两个街区的距离内加速汽车，你能让它达到五个街区的速度吗？此外，如果玩家的两只手臂中始终有一只伸展，那么他的弧线就会保持一致。与每次挥杆时双臂弯曲程度略有不同的运动员相比，后者的协调性必然会随着弧度的变化而变化。

The left arm, straight at address, remains straight throughout the backswing while the right folds in at the elbow. On the downswing, the left continues to be fully extended and the right gradually straightens out. A foot or so past the ball, the point in the swing when the clubhead is traveling at its peak speed, both arms are fully extended for the one and only time during the swing. After this point is reached, the left arm folds in at the elbow and the right remains straight to the end of the followthrough. (This is sort of the reverse of the backswing, when the right arm folds in and the left remains straight.) All during the swing, until it begins to fold at that point beyond impact, the left arm ideally should operate as if it were an extension of the shaft. Naturally, there must be some suppleness, some break in your left wrist. After all, it is a hinge. In general, then, though the left arm should be straight, this doesn’t mean that it should be locked at the wrist or elbow or be any place as stiff as the arm of a robot. No, this is a very pleasant game, and unnatural straining isn’t at all necessary, or desirable.
上杆时左臂伸直，在整个上杆过程中保持伸直，而右臂则在肘部折叠。下杆时，左臂继续完全伸直，右臂逐渐伸直。在挥杆过程中，当杆头以最高速度飞行时，挥杆过球后一英尺左右，两臂完全伸直，这是挥杆过程中唯一的一次。达到这一点后，左臂在肘部折叠，右臂保持伸直，直至击球结束。(这与上杆相反，此时右臂内收，左臂保持伸直）。在挥杆的整个过程中，直到左臂在击球后开始折叠，理想情况下，左臂应该像杆的延伸一样运作。当然，你的左手腕必须有一定的柔软度，一定的断裂。毕竟，它是一个铰链。总的来说，虽然左臂应该伸直，但这并不意味着它的手腕或肘部应该锁死，或者像机器人的手臂一样僵硬。不，这是一个非常愉快的游戏，不自然的紧张是完全没有必要的，也是不可取的。

The correct left-arm position, front view
正确的左臂位置，正视图

The correct left-arm position, side view
正确的左臂位置，侧视图
In the golf swing, the arms, in effect, act as the connection between the club and the body. The closer you keep your two arms together, the better they will operate as one unit, and when they operate as one unit, they tend to pull all of the elements of the swing together.
在挥杆过程中，手臂实际上是球杆和身体之间的连接。你的两只手臂靠得越近，它们就能更好地作为一个整体运作，而当它们作为一个整体运作时，它们往往会将挥杆的所有元素拉到一起。

The upper part of the arms should be pressed very tightly against the sides of the chest. In my own case, I consciously work to build up so strong an adhesion between the upper arms and the chest that a person would have to exert a really terrific amount of force to wedge them apart. THE ELBOWS SHOULD BE TUCKED IN, NOT STUCK OUT FROM THE BODY. AT ADDRESS, THE LEFT ELBOW SHOULD POINT
双臂上部应紧贴胸部两侧。就我自己而言，我有意识地在上臂和胸部之间形成强大的附着力，以至于一个人必须施加非常大的力量才能将它们楔开。肘部应该内收，而不是伸出身体。击球时，左肘应指向

DIRECTLY AT THE LEFT HIPBONE AND THE RIGHT ELBOW SHOULD POINT DIRECTLY AT THE RIGHT HIPBONE. FURTHERMORE, THERE SHOULD BE A SENSE OF FIXED JOINTNESS BETWEEN THE TWO FOREARMS AND THE WRISTS, AND IT SHOULD BE MAINTAINED THROUGHOUT THE SWING.
此外，两个前臂和手腕之间应该有一种固定的关节感，并在整个挥杆过程中保持这种关节感。此外，两个前臂和手腕之间应该有一种固定的连接感，并在整个挥杆过程中保持这种连接感。

A word of emphasis about the elbows. You want to press them as closely together as you can. When you do this (and the elbows are pointing properly to the hipbones) you will notice that the “pocket” of each elbow - the small depression on the inside of the joint - will lie in the center of the arm, at the midway point. The pockets will be facing toward the sky, as they should, not toward each other. It’s a good check. In this position of address, though the left arm hangs relatively straight, the right arm should be broken a little at the elbow as the elbow points in. On the backswing this right elbow must not fly out, and only if it is correctly positioned at address will it be able to fold in close to the body. During the first half of the backswing, the right elbow should move hardly at all. It mustn’t slide out laterally or slip back along the right side. As it folds close to the body, the elbow should always be pointing toward the ground. It helps, you will find, if the upper part of the right arm adheres as closely as possible to the side of the chest.
强调一下肘部。你要尽可能地将它们紧贴在一起。当你这样做时（肘部正确地指向髋骨），你会发现每个肘部的 "口袋"--关节内侧的小凹陷--将位于手臂的中心，即中点处。肘袋应该朝向天空，而不是彼此朝向对方。这是一个很好的检查。在这一击球姿势中，虽然左臂相对伸直，但右臂的肘部应稍稍折断，因为肘部指向内侧。在上杆时，右肘不能飞出，只有在击球位置正确的情况下，右肘才能折叠贴近身体。在上杆的前半部分，右肘几乎不能移动。它不能横向滑出或沿右侧滑回。当肘部紧贴身体时，肘部应始终指向地面。你会发现，如果右臂上部尽可能紧贴胸侧，会有帮助。

Keep the elbows and arms as close together as possible throughout the entire swing
在整个挥杆过程中，肘部和手臂尽量靠拢

Two cross-sectional drawings showing relationship of the elbows to the hips
两张显示肘部与臀部关系的截面图

When your arms are set right at address, it makes it immeasurably easier to get the proper function out of the arms. With practice, they will act the same way on swing after swing, with no variation, repeating the same action almost like a machine. As your arms become schooled, you will get the feeling that the arms and the club form one firm unit - sort of as if the two arms were equal sides of a triangle, with the club emerging like the spire of a steeple at the peak point where the arms join. As you practice, your arms will recognize with increasing certainness when they are on the right track as they swing back and then forward. “This swing,” you will feel more and more surely, “is bound to go away from the ball and come back through the ball very nearly the same way every time.” And it will.
当你的双臂在挥杆时姿势正确，就能使双臂的功能发挥到极致。通过练习，双臂在一次又一次挥杆中都会以相同的方式动作，没有任何变化，几乎像机器一样重复着相同的动作。随着双臂的练习，你会感觉到双臂和球杆形成了一个牢固的整体--就好像两个手臂是三角形的等边，而球杆就像尖塔的塔尖一样出现在手臂连接的顶点。随着练习的深入，你的双臂在向后挥杆和向前挥杆的过程中，会越来越清晰地辨别出自己的动作是否正确。"这次挥杆，"你会越来越肯定地感觉到，"每次都会以几乎相同的方式离开球，然后又以相同的方式穿过球"。事实也是如此。

Now, before we go into the final phase of stance and posture - how a golfer’s legs and his body in general should be flexed as he positions himself over the ball - is perhaps the right time and place to interject a brief comment on that greatly overworked and abused word relaxation. I
现在，在我们进入站姿和姿势的最后阶段之前，也就是球手在击球时双腿和整个身体应该如何弯曲的阶段，也许我们应该在这个时间和地点对 "放松 "这个被过度使用和滥用的词做一个简短的评论。I
would guess that it is harder to achieve proper relaxation in golf than in any other sport. Simply being in motion helps an athlete tremendously to relax. The average golfer’s understandable anxiety about whether or not he’s going to be able to perform his swing correctly from his next static start is the chief reason he worries his way around the golf course.
我猜想，在高尔夫运动中要达到适当的放松比任何其他运动都要难。仅仅在运动中就能极大地帮助运动员放松。一般的高尔夫球手对下一次静态起杆是否能正确完成挥杆动作的焦虑是可以理解的，这也是他在高尔夫球场上忧心忡忡的主要原因。

At address, the right elbow points directly to right hipbone. The elbow can then fold in correctly on the backswing
击球时，右肘直接指向右髋骨。这样在上杆时，肘部就能正确折叠

At address, left elbow points directly to the left hipbone
发球时，左肘直接指向左髋骨
There are several ways, all of them connected with understanding what the swing is really about, through which a golfer can help himself to lick this problem. Right off the reel, it will help him if he realizes that pure relaxation is something he can’t attain and shouldn’t want to. There is nothing wrong with a person if he feels a bit keyed up when he goes out to play golf. He should. It is natural. He’s going to be doing something that takes some concentration and effort, so he shouldn’t
有几种方法可以帮助球手解决这个问题，它们都与了解挥杆的真正含义有关。一开始，如果他意识到纯粹的放松是他无法达到的，也不应该想要达到，这对他会有帮助。如果一个人出去打高尔夫时感到有点紧张，这并没有什么不妥。他应该这样做。这很自然。他要做的是一件需要集中精力和付出努力的事情，所以他不应该
expect to feel as free from tension as if he were loafing at home in the evening watching a TV show. No topnotch competitive golfer I have known was, or is, totally relaxed. Each of them feels the pressure of tournament play. Being of different temperaments, they feel it somewhat differently and they absorb it, expressing it or not expressing it, in their individual ways, depending on whether they are Jones or Nelson or Demaret or Middlecoff or Snead or Sarazen or Armour.
希望自己能像晚上在家闲逛看电视剧一样，感觉不到紧张。我所认识的顶级高尔夫竞技选手中，没有一个过去或现在是完全放松的。他们每个人都能感受到比赛的压力。由于性情不同，他们对压力的感受也不尽相同，他们以各自的方式吸收压力、表达压力或不表达压力，这取决于他们是琼斯（Jones）、尼尔森（Nelson）、德马雷特（Demaret）、米德尔科夫（Middlecoff）、斯尼德（Snead）、萨拉岑（Sarazen）还是阿莫尔（Armour）。

There is, however, another type of relaxation - you might call it active relaxation as distinct from passive relaxation. Regardless of how nervously taxed a player may be under the strain of competition, all fine competitive golfers, as they prepare to play a shot and actually play it, manage to be actively relaxed, to be neither limp nor tense but to have live tension in the parts of the body that will be doing the work. They tune up the muscles they will be using, the way a musician tunes up his instrument. The fact that there is something to do, rather than something not to do, is what is so helpful.
不过，还有另一种放松--你可以称之为主动放松，有别于被动放松。无论球员在比赛中多么紧张，所有优秀的高尔夫球手在准备打球和实际打球时，都能做到主动放松，既不瘫软，也不紧张，而是在身体将要工作的部位保持紧张。他们调整将要使用的肌肉，就像音乐家调整乐器一样。事实上，"有所为 "比 "有所不为 "更有帮助。

When he assumes the “semi-sitting position,” the upper part of player’s trunk remains relatively erect as he bends at the knees. The knees point in
采用 "半坐姿 "时，运动员的躯干上部保持相对直立，膝盖弯曲。膝盖指向

The sit-down motion is like lowering yourself (about two inches) onto a spectator-sports-stick
坐下的动作就像把自己放低（约两英寸）到观众体育棒上一样

Numerous average golfers fail to realize that an incorrect stance and faulty posture greatly affect the success of the entire swing. The golfer is off balance from the start if he keeps his legs stiff, or lets his knees buckle, or crouches his shoulders way over the ball
许多普通高尔夫球手没有意识到，不正确的站姿和错误的姿势会极大地影响整个挥杆动作的成功。如果高尔夫球手双腿僵硬，或膝盖弯曲，或肩膀蹲在球的上方，那么他从一开始就失去了平衡。

The average player, no different from the tournament player, can learn to prepare himself for his shot by positioning himself so that his
普通棋手与锦标赛棋手无异，都可以学会为自己的击球做好准备，通过摆好位置，使自己的
muscular system is all set to work correctly. ABOVE ALL, HIS KNEES MUST BE PROPERLY FLEXED. THE LEGS MUST BE SUPPLE BUT AT THE SAME TIME THEY MUST HAVE THIS LIVE TENSION. The rest of the body will pick up this athletic temper from the legs. When his knees are flexed as they should be, a player can move his hips and shoulders with a real sense of ease. All the movements, in fact, become easier and more integrated. This is why you hear fine golfers so often remark that the days they play their best golf are invariably those days when their legs are really ready and eager for action.
肌肉系统都已准备就绪，可以正常工作。最重要的是，膝盖必须适当弯曲。腿部必须柔软，但同时也必须具有这种活生生的张力。身体的其他部分将从腿部汲取这种运动气质。当膝盖得到应有的弯曲时，球员就能轻松地移动臀部和肩膀。事实上，所有的动作都会变得更加轻松，更加协调。这就是为什么你经常听到优秀的高尔夫球手说，他们打出最佳高尔夫球的日子，总是他们的双腿真正准备就绪、渴望行动的日子。

Assuming the proper posture as he addresses the ball is a purposeful movement in which a player lowers his body from its normal erect position into a sturdier and more balanced position for executing the golf swing. Do not use your hips as you bend your knees. YOU SHOULD BEND YOUR KNEES FROM THE THIGHS DOWN. AS YOUR KNEES BEND, THE UPPER PART OF THE TRUNK REMAINS NORMALLY ERECT, JUST AS IT DOES WHEN YOU SIT DOWN IN A CHAIR. IN GOLF, THE SIT-DOWN MOTION IS MORE LIKE LOWERING YOURSELF ONTO A SPECTATOR-SPORTS-STICK. THINK OF THE SEAT OF THE STICK AS BEING ABOUT TWO INCHES OR SO BELOW YOUR BUTTOCKS. In this semi-sitting position, your body should feel in balance both laterally and back-tofront. You should feel a sense of heaviness in your buttocks. There should be more tension in your legs from the knees down - the lower part of your legs should feel very springy and strong, loaded with elastic energy. Your weight should be a bit more on the heels than on the balls of your feet, so that, if you wanted to, you would be able to lift your toes inside your shoes. The back, let me repeat, remains as naturally erect as it is when you’re walking down a fairway. Do not crouch the shoulders over the ball. You bend your head down only by bending your neck, not your back or shoulders.
在击球时保持正确的姿势是一个有目的的动作，在这个动作中，球手将身体从正常的直立位置降低到一个更坚固、更平衡的位置，以便执行高尔夫挥杆动作。屈膝时不要使用臀部。应从大腿向下弯曲膝盖。膝盖弯曲时，躯干上半部分保持正常直立，就像在椅子上坐下时一样。在高尔夫运动中，坐下的动作更像是把自己放倒在观众席上。把球杆的位置想象成臀部下方两英寸左右。在这种半坐的姿势下，你的身体应该感觉到横向和前后的平衡。臀部应该有一种沉重感。从膝盖往下，双腿应该更加紧张--双腿下部应该感觉非常有弹性和力量，充满弹性能量。你的重心应更多地放在脚跟而不是脚掌上，这样，如果你愿意，你就能把脚趾抬到鞋内。让我重复一遍，背部要保持自然直立，就像走在球道上一样。不要把肩膀蹲在球上。只有通过弯曲颈部，而不是背部或肩膀，才能将头向下弯。

When you practice this semi-sitting position, have a golf club in your hands and go about it exactly as if you were getting ready to play a shot. When you are standing erect before the ball, you will find that, with your arms normally extended, the head of the club will be raised about four inches above the ball. As you lower yourself into the semi-sitting position - your upper trunk should feel like it’s an elevator dropping down a floor - the clubhead descends as your trunk descends. When you have completed the semi-squat, the clubhead should be an inch or
当你练习这种半坐姿势时，手里拿着高尔夫球杆，就像准备打球一样。当你直立站在球前时，你会发现在手臂正常伸展的情况下，球杆头会高出球约四英寸。当你将身体放低到半坐姿时--你的上身躯干应该感觉像电梯下楼一样--杆头会随着你躯干的下降而下降。当您完成半蹲姿势时，杆头应在球上方一英寸或以下。
two above the ball. Then, with a little motion, the hands set the clubhead behind the ball.
高出球两杆。然后，双手轻轻一动，将杆头置于球后。

A word further about the knees. During the golf swing, the knees work “toward each other.” Since they do, let’s start them that way to begin with, each knee pointing in. In my opinion, this is a very valuable short cut, for then you have to move the knees only a very small amount as you swing, and you can concentrate your attention on other movements.
再谈谈膝盖。在挥杆过程中，膝盖是 "朝向对方 "工作的。既然是这样，那我们就先这样开始，每个膝盖都朝内。在我看来，这是一条非常有价值的捷径，因为这样一来，在挥杆过程中膝盖的移动量就很小了，你就可以把注意力集中在其他动作上。

The right knee should be broken a shade more in to the left, if anything, than the left knee is to the right. If the right knee is pointed in, then it’s “in business” all the time. It helps brace the right leg on the backswing, and the right leg must be sturdily braced to prevent the golfer from swaying his body laterally to the right as he swings the club back. For another thing, the right knee will then be in the correct position for the downswing when the power of the right hip and leg is released toward the target. If the golfer’s right knee is pointed straight ahead or out to begin with, he can bring it in with a separate action on the downswing, of course, but he is making the knee do double work, and there’s no sense in that. As for the left knee, having it pointed in just a bit at address is the best insurance in the world for developing proper leftleg action on both the backswing and downswing.
如果有的话，右膝盖应比左膝盖更靠左一些。如果右膝盖朝内，那么它就一直在 "工作"。它有助于支撑上杆时的右腿，而右腿必须得到稳固的支撑，以防止球手在向后挥杆时身体向右横向摇摆。另外，当右侧臀部和腿部的力量向目标释放时，右膝盖将处于下杆的正确位置。如果高尔夫球手的右膝盖一开始就指向前方或向外，他当然可以在下杆时通过单独的动作将右膝盖收起，但这样做会让膝盖做双重工作，没有任何意义。至于左膝，在起杆时让它稍稍内收，是在上杆和下杆时培养正确的左腿动作的最佳保障。

To sum things up generally, then, when you have a correct stance and correct posture, then and only then will your legs, arms and body be properly balanced and positioned to carry out their assignments during the swing. Then and only then will you be able to feel live tension in those arm and leg muscles which must function actively during the swing. NOTE THIS WELL: THE MUSCLES TO WORK WITH ARE THE “INSIDE MUSCLES” - THE MUSCLES THAT STRETCH ALONG THE INSIDE OF THE LEGS AND THIGHS, THE MUSCLES ALONG THE INSIDE OF THE ARMS.
总而言之，当你拥有正确的站姿和姿势时，你的双腿、双臂和身体才会保持适当的平衡和位置，以便在挥杆过程中完成它们的任务。只有这样，你才能感受到挥杆过程中必须积极发挥作用的手臂和腿部肌肉的张力。注意：要练习的肌肉是 "内侧肌肉"--沿着腿部和大腿内侧伸展的肌肉，沿着手臂内侧伸展的肌肉。

In looking back over this chapter, I can appreciate that it may make acquiring a sound, dependable golf swing seem a slow and painstaking proposition. That isn’t exactly true. You can learn these essential positions and movements a lot quicker than you think, provided you get started right. At the same time, some patience is required. You simply cannot bypass the fundamentals in golf any more than you can sit down at the piano without a lesson and rip off the score of My Fair Lady. Learning the grip and stance and posture clearly and well is, in a way, like having to practice the scales when you’re taking up the piano. In
回顾本章的内容，我可以体会到，它可能会让人觉得获得一个合理、可靠的高尔夫挥杆动作是一件缓慢而艰苦的事情。但事实并非如此。只要入门正确，你可以比想象中更快地学会这些基本姿势和动作。与此同时，还需要一定的耐心。你根本无法绕过高尔夫的基本要素，就像你无法在没有钢琴课的情况下坐在钢琴前翻阅《窈窕淑女》的乐谱一样。在某种程度上，学习握杆、站姿和姿势，就像在学习钢琴时必须练习音阶一样。在
fact, the more I think about it, the best way to learn golf is a great deal like learning to play the piano: you practice a few things daily, you arrive at a solid foundation, and then you go on to practice a few more advanced things daily, continually increasing your skill.
事实上，我越想越觉得，学习高尔夫的最佳方法就像学习弹钢琴一样：每天练习几样东西，打下坚实的基础，然后每天再练习几样更高级的东西，不断提高技能。

Practice at home can be made more pleasant - and at least as profitable - if you do it along with a fellow golfer, your wife or son or daughter or golfing friend. Then each of you can take turns checking how well the other is doing and helping him to correct his errors. Teaching, you know, isn’t the worst way to get things straight yourself. If, however, you are a person who prefers to practice things by yourself, let me recommend using a full-length mirror as the best means of checking your moves.
如果您能与一位高尔夫球友--您的妻子、儿子或女儿或高尔夫球友--一起在家练习，您会感到更加愉快，至少也能获得同样的收益。然后，你们可以轮流检查对方打得如何，并帮助他纠正错误。要知道，教导并不是让自己改正错误的最糟糕的方法。不过，如果你是一个喜欢自己练习的人，我建议你使用一面全身镜，这是检查你动作的最佳方法。

Large anatomical drawing and the smaller diagram sketch emphasize important inside muscles the golfer should use
较大的解剖图和较小的示意草图强调了高尔夫球手应使用的重要内侧肌肉

Head bent comfortably…  头部舒适地弯曲...

Left arm fully extended…  左臂完全伸展...
Right arm slightly bent…  右臂略微弯曲...
Left elbow points to left hipbone… ight elbow points to right hipbone
左肘指向左髋骨...... 右肘指向右髋骨

Arms as close together as possible…
手臂尽量靠拢...

Knees pointed in…  膝盖指向...

Right foot perpendicular to line…
右脚垂直于线...

Left foot pointed out $1/4$$1/4$1//41 / 4 turn…
左脚指向 $1/4$$1/4$1//41 / 4 转弯...

However you choose to practice, bear in mind that the end objective is to build a sound swing, not a swing with only superficial good looks. While I do not claim that I have a model swing or a perfect swing, I do
无论你选择怎样的练习方式，都要牢记最终目标是练出合理的挥杆动作，而不是表面好看的挥杆动作。虽然我并不声称自己拥有模范挥杆或完美挥杆，但我确实
think I know the ingredients that make one. If you learn and apply the precepts these lessons teach, this does not mean that your swing will necessarily be, minute action for minute action, a literal duplicate of mine. Like any individual, my way of executing a fundamental is bound to be somewhat different from what is natural execution for a player whose build or muscular arrangement is different from mine. The big idea, as goes without the saying, is for you to execute the fundamentals properly so that you will have a swing that functions properly. When all is said and done, style is function and function is style. That is why there is a basic resemblance among all fine golfers. Despite their personal mannerisms, in major ways they all do the same things. It may just happen that the “style” you evolve will instantly recall Harry Cooper or Mac Smith to your golfing friends, and that wouldn’t be such a bad thing at all.
我想我知道其中的成分。如果你学习并运用了这些课程所教授的规则，这并不意味着你的挥杆动作就一定会与我的挥杆动作一模一样。就像任何一个人一样，我执行基本动作的方式必然会与那些身材或肌肉结构与我不同的球员自然执行的方式有些差异。不言而喻，最重要的是你要正确地执行基本动作，这样你的挥杆动作才会正常。说到底，风格就是功能，功能就是风格。这就是为什么所有优秀的高尔夫球手都有基本的相似之处。尽管他们的个人风格各不相同，但在主要方面，他们做的事情都是一样的。也许你的 "风格 "会让你的高尔夫朋友们立刻想起哈里-库珀（Harry Cooper）或麦克-史密斯（Mac Smith），而这并不是一件坏事。

Some persons who have made golf their career devote the major portion of their working hours to teaching the game. In contrast to the “home pro,” other members of my profession are, first and foremost, tournament golfers who follow the circuit. There are a few professionals (but not many) who combine serious teaching and serious competitive golf but, for the most part, keeping himself tuned up for tournament golf takes all of a man’s time nowadays because the competition is much keener. Today you have to be a specialist in golf.
一些以高尔夫球为职业的人把大部分工作时间都投入到高尔夫球教学中。与 "家庭职业高尔夫球手 "不同的是，我的其他职业高尔夫球手首先是参加巡回赛的高尔夫球手。也有一些职业选手（但不多）将严肃的教学和严肃的高尔夫竞技结合在一起，但在大多数情况下，保持自己在高尔夫比赛中的状态需要花费一个人的全部时间，因为现在的竞争更加激烈。如今，你必须成为高尔夫专家。

In any event, that has been true in my case. Preparing myself for tournaments and participating in them consumed practically all my time and energies. Far from leaving me with extra hours for teaching, it left me only with the regret that the days were not longer so that I could spend more time practicing and preparing.
无论如何，我的情况确实如此。准备比赛和参加比赛几乎耗尽了我所有的时间和精力。这不仅没有给我留下额外的教学时间，反而给我留下了遗憾，遗憾的是白天的时间不够长，这样我就可以花更多的时间进行练习和准备。

I have often wondered whether, if the demands of being a tournament golfer had not been so all-encompassing, I would have been a first-class teacher of golf. I really don’t know the answer. Certainly I didn’t and don’t have the ideal temperament for teaching, not compared to such natural teachers as Henry Picard, Claude Harmon and Al Watrous (who were champions when they were playing tournaments). However, I think I was a pretty fair teacher, providing the pupil was seriously interested in improving his game. Quite early in my career when I was serving as the professional at the Century Country Club in Purchase, N. Y., I did a great deal of teaching. It strikes me now that my general approach to teaching was on the very right path: don’t simply tell a player what he’s doing wrong - that’s not much help. You must explain to him what he ought to be doing, why it is correct, and the result it produces - and work like blazes to get it across so that he really understands what you are talking about.
我常常在想，如果不是因为高尔夫比赛对我的要求如此全面，我是否会成为一名一流的高尔夫教师。我真的不知道答案。当然，我没有也不具备理想的教学气质，比不上亨利-皮卡德（Henry Picard）、克劳德-哈蒙（Claude Harmon）和艾尔-沃特鲁斯（Al Watrous）等天生的教师（他们在打比赛时就是冠军）。不过，我认为我是一个相当公平的老师，只要学生认真对待提高球技。在我职业生涯的早期，当我在纽约州普切斯的世纪乡村俱乐部担任职业教练时，我做了大量的教学工作。现在想来，我当时的教学方法是非常正确的：不要简单地告诉球手他做错了什么--那样帮不上什么忙。你必须向他解释他应该做什么，为什么这样做是正确的，以及这样做会产生什么结果--而且要努力把它讲清楚，让他真正理解你在说什么。

Generally speaking, a teacher is no better than his pupil’s ability to work and to learn. There was a young businessman at my club, Fred Ehrman, who had this ability to learn, and we did a very satisfying job together. He was a 90 -shooter in April. Five months later he was playing
一般来说，教师的工作和学习能力比不上学生。我的俱乐部里有一位年轻的商人弗雷德-埃尔曼，他就有这样的学习能力，我们一起完成了一项非常令人满意的工作。四月份，他的射击成绩是 90 杆。五个月后，他打
in the 70s and won the club championship. It was no fluke. The next season, although he was beaten in the final of the club championship by Carl Loeb Jr., his game kept on improving. This took place back in 1938 and 1939. While it is undeniable that the more you know about golf the more you can keep on learning, almost indefinitely, I believe that by 1939 I knew quite well what were the true fundamentals of the golf swing. My knowledge in those days, though, was less integrated than it later became. While I sensed quite clearly the things that were important, I would have had a much harder time in 1939 explaining the reasons why they were. By 1946 I think I truly understood the dynamics of the golf swing.
并赢得了俱乐部冠军。这绝非侥幸。下一个赛季，虽然他在俱乐部锦标赛决赛中被小卡尔-勒布击败，但他的球技仍在不断进步。这要追溯到 1938 年和 1939 年。不可否认的是，对高尔夫了解得越多，就越能不断学习，几乎是无止境的，但我相信，到 1939 年，我已经对高尔夫挥杆的真正基础知识了如指掌。不过，我当时的知识还没有后来那么全面。虽然我很清楚地意识到哪些东西很重要，但在 1939 年，我很难解释清楚为什么这些东西很重要。到了 1946 年，我想我才真正理解了高尔夫挥杆的动力学原理。

Beginning in 1946, moreover, I was able to win some of the big championships, and being able to win was the proof I needed that what I felt was correct was indeed correct. It worked. It stood up to the test it was designed to meet. Frequently, you know, what looks like a fairly good golf swing falls apart in competition. Sometimes this is due to the player’s temperament - not everyone is built for tournament golf. Much more often, though, the harsh light of competition reveals that a swing is only superficially correct and cannot be schooled for competition because it isn’t really correct. It can’t stand up day after day. A correct swing will. In fact, the greater the pressure you put on it, the better your swing should function, if it is honestly sound. I feel confident that what I tell you about the true fundamentals is right because the crucible of competition, in which those fundamentals were put to the test, proved to me they were right.
此外，从 1946 年开始，我还赢得了一些重要的冠军，而能够获胜就是我所需要的证明，证明我认为正确的东西确实是正确的。它成功了。它经受住了设计时的考验。要知道，看似相当不错的高尔夫挥杆动作，在比赛中却经常失灵。有时这是由于球员的性格所致--不是每个人都适合打高尔夫球比赛。但更常见的情况是，比赛的严酷光线暴露出挥杆动作只是表面正确，无法在比赛中加以训练，因为它并不真正正确。日复一日，它是经不起考验的。正确的挥杆可以。事实上，如果你的挥杆确实正确，那么你给它施加的压力越大，你的挥杆效果就会越好。我确信我告诉你们的真正的基本要素是正确的，因为在比赛的熔炉中，这些基本要素经受住了考验，向我证明了它们是正确的。

If the golfer executes his backswing correctly, at the top of his backswing his legs, hips, shoulders, arms and hands will be properly poised and interrelated to move with power and coordination into that climactic part of the golf swing, the downswing
如果高尔夫球手正确执行上杆动作，那么在上杆顶点，他的腿、髋、肩、臂和手就会正确地摆好姿势，并相互关联，以力量和协调性进入挥杆的高潮部分，即下杆动作

It should be added, of course, that every golfer, no matter how sound his game, must expect to experience some ups and downs. Being a human being, he cannot always be at the peak of his game. He will win his share of tournaments, but there are bound to be occasions when he cannot keep pace with some of his wonderfully talented colleagues who that week happen to be at the peak of their games.
当然，还需要补充的是，每个高尔夫球手，无论球技多么高超，都会经历一些起伏。作为一个人，他不可能永远处于巅峰状态。他将赢得属于自己的那份比赛胜利，但也难免会有跟不上某些才华横溢的同事的时候，而这些同事在那一周恰好处于自己的巅峰状态。

The fundamentals of golf, as I see it, fall into four natural groupings: those that relate 1) to the grip, 2) to the stance and posture, 3) to the first part of the swing (from address to the top of the backswing) and 4) to the
在我看来，高尔夫的基本要素可分为四个自然组别：1）与握杆有关；2）与站姿和姿势有关；3）与挥杆的前半部分（从发球到上杆的顶点）有关；4）与挥杆的后半部分（从发球到上杆的顶点）有关。
second part of the swing (from the start of the downswing to the finish of the follow-through). In this chapter we will be discussing the first part of the swing. This phase of the swing requires some instinct, a sense of organization, some thought and a fair control of muscular action. It is, however, much less involved than this makes it appear. Learning the backswing actually consists of getting a few movements clear in your mind and then learning to execute them. This is where the golf shot begins to be played.
挥杆的第二部分（从下杆开始到跟杆结束）。在本章中，我们将讨论挥杆的第一部分。挥杆的这一阶段需要一些直觉、组织感、思考和对肌肉动作的合理控制。然而，它的难度远没有表面看起来那么大。学习后挥杆实际上就是在头脑中清晰地记住几个动作，然后学会执行这些动作。这就是开始打高尔夫球的地方。

The first point about the backswing (and the swing in general) I want to emphasize is this: if his body, legs and arms are properly positioned and poised to begin with, any golfer with average physical equipment can learn to execute the proper movements. This is why you must build on a correct grip and stance, for the golf swing is an accumulative thing. All the actions are linked together.
关于上杆（以及一般的挥杆动作），我想强调的第一点是：如果身体、腿部和手臂的姿势和姿态一开始就正确，那么任何身体条件一般的高尔夫球手都能学会执行正确的动作。这就是为什么你必须以正确的握杆和站姿为基础，因为高尔夫挥杆是一个不断积累的过程。所有动作都是联系在一起的。

For instance, when your grip is correct you will have the proper live tension in the muscles which run along the inside of the arms all the way to the armpit. These are the arm muscles you want to work with - they tie in with the muscles of the body that should be used in the golf swing. Coordinated movement results. Same thing with the legs. The inside muscles which stretch from the ankle to the thigh are the right ones for golf. When a player uses them - to cite just one illustration - his left knee is bound to break in correctly to the right on the backswing. It won’t shoot out straight ahead and, as it buckles, cause his whole body to buckle over with it. Just as one faulty movement leads to others, each correct movement makes it that much easier to execute other moves correctly. With practice, these movements will all blend harmoniously together and fuse into one smooth over-all movement. A bad swing is tiring drudgery. A good swing is a physical pleasure.
例如，当握杆姿势正确时，手臂内侧一直延伸到腋窝的肌肉就会有适当的活张力。这些就是你要练习的手臂肌肉--它们与挥杆时应使用的身体肌肉相辅相成。协调运动的结果。腿部也是一样。从脚踝延伸到大腿的内侧肌肉适合高尔夫运动。举个例子，当球员使用这些肌肉时，他的左膝一定会在上杆时正确地向右侧伸展。它不会直直地向前射出，当它屈膝时，整个身体也会随之屈膝。正如一个错误的动作会导致其他动作一样，每一个正确的动作都会使其他动作的正确执行变得更加容易。通过练习，这些动作将和谐地融合在一起，成为一个流畅的整体动作。糟糕的挥杆动作是一种累人的苦役。挥杆好则是一种身体上的享受。

The bridge between the address and the actual start of the backswing is “the waggle.” As a golfer looks at his objective and figures out the kind of shot he’s going to play, his instinct takes over: he waggles the club back and forth. Possibly because the word waggle suggests that any aimless kind of oscillation fills the bill, many golfers have the mistaken idea that it doesn’t really matter how you waggle the club. To put it another way, they think the only purpose in waggling is to loosen yourself up so that you won’t be tense or rigid. There’s a great deal more to the waggle than that. It is an extremely important part of shotmaking. Far from being just a lot of minute details, it is a sort of miniature practice swing, an abbreviated “dry run” for the shot coming up. As the
从发球到真正开始上杆之间的桥梁是 "挥杆"。当球手看清目标，想好要打哪一杆时，他的本能就开始了：来回摆动球杆。可能是因为 "摆动 "这个词意味着任何漫无目的的摆动都可以，所以很多高尔夫球手都误以为如何摆动球杆并不重要。换一种说法，他们认为挥杆的唯一目的就是让自己放松，这样就不会紧张或僵硬。其实，挥杆的意义远不止于此。它是击球过程中极其重要的一部分。它不仅仅是许多微小的细节，更是一种微型的挥杆练习，是对即将开始的击球的简短 "演练"。因为
golfer takes the club back on the waggle, he accustoms himself to the path the club will be taking on his actual backswing. As he waggles the club forward, he adjusts himself so that the face of the clubhead will be coming into the ball square and on the line.
当球手在挥杆时将球杆收回，他就习惯了球杆在实际上杆时的轨迹。当他向前挥动球杆时，他会调整自己，使杆头朝向球的方向方正且在直线上。

During the waggle, as he previews his shot and attempts to telegraph his mental picture from his brain to his muscles, the golfer makes the little adjustments necessary to be perfectly in balance for hitting that particular shot from that particular lie. As he waggles, he tunes himself up and tones himself up for his swing. The shoulders do not turn during the waggle. The feet make only small adjusting movements. The hands and arms move. As they waggle the club, the hands and arms pass their rhythm, their tempo of coordination, on to the legs and feet. The trunk of the body and the shoulders pick up this beat, smoothly, from the arms and the legs. The whole body, in effect, becomes synchronized to the rhythm in which the various parts will be working cohesively together during the swing.
在挥杆过程中，球手会预览自己的击球动作，并试图将大脑中的心理画面传递给肌肉，球手会进行必要的微小调整，以达到完美的平衡，从而从特定的位置打出特定的一杆。在挥杆过程中，他调整自己，为挥杆做准备。在挥杆过程中，肩膀不会转动。双脚只做微小的调整动作。手和手臂会动。在挥杆过程中，手和手臂将自己的节奏、协调节奏传递给腿和脚。身体的躯干和肩膀从手臂和腿部顺利地接过这个节拍。实际上，在挥杆过程中，整个身体都会与各部分协同工作的节奏同步。

If you take full advantage of the opportunity the waggle affords, you can practically rehearse the swing you’ll be using. I know that I have sometimes concentrated so hard on the shot I was going to hit that I honestly felt the shot could not fail to come off exactly as I intended. On those occasions I had the definite sensation that I had really hit the shot before I even started my club back.
如果你能充分利用挥杆的机会，你实际上可以对即将使用的挥杆动作进行演练。我知道自己有时会全神贯注于要打的那一杆，以至于我真的觉得这一杆不可能不完全按照我的意图打出。在这种情况下，我甚至还没开始回杆，就已经感觉到自己真的打中了。

In the waggle, the left hand is the controlling hand. The right works along with the left. EACH TIME YOU WAGGLE THE CLUB BACK, THE RIGHT ELBOW SHOULD HIT THE FRONT PART OF YOUR RIGHT HIP, JUST ABOUT WHERE YOUR WATCH POCKET IS. WHEN THIS TAKES PLACE, THE LEFT ELBOW, AS IT MUST, COMES OUT SLIGHTLY, THE LOWER PART OF THE ARM FROM THE ELBOW DOWN ROTATES A LITTLE, AND THE LEFT HAND MOVES THREE INCHES OR SO PAST THE BALL TOWARD THE TARGET. AS THE HANDS MOVE BACK TO THE BALL ON THE FORWARD WAGGLE, THE LEFT HAND ALSO MOVES AN INCH OR TWO PAST THE BALL TOWARD THE TARGET. During the waggle, the upper part of the arms remain rooted against the sides of the chest. As we stated earlier, there should be no turning of the shoulders.
在摇摆中，左手是控制手。右手与左手配合。每次向后摆动球杆时，右手肘应撞击右臀前部，也就是手表口袋的位置。这时，左肘必须稍稍伸出，手臂下部从肘部向下稍稍旋转，左手越过球向目标移动三英寸左右。在向前摆动的过程中，当双手向球后移动时，左手也会越过球向目标移动一两英寸。在摆动过程中，手臂上部要紧贴胸部两侧。如前所述，肩膀不应转动。

back waggle  后摇

forward waggle  前摇摆

Left hand moves past the ball toward the target both on the back and the forward waggle
左手在后摇和前摇时都越过球向目标移动

When a good golfer is going through his waggle, to the uninitiated eye it sometimes looks as if he were simply getting the fidgets out of his system or finding a surer foothold with his spikes. He is, as I have described, doing something far more purposeful than that. He’s adjusting to the shot, establishing his coordination in the process. He is, in effect, conducting an instinctive roll call of the parts of the body he will be using, alerting them and refreshing their memory of the movements they’ll be making during the swing.
当一个优秀的高尔夫球手在挥杆时，在不了解情况的人看来，他有时似乎只是在摆脱烦躁，或者是在用钉鞋寻找一个更稳固的立足点。正如我所描述的那样，它在做的事情远比这更有目的性。他在适应射门，在这个过程中建立自己的协调性。实际上，他是在对他将要使用的身体部位进行本能的点名，提醒它们并刷新它们对挥杆过程中将要进行的动作的记忆。

The rhythm of the waggle varies with each shot you play. DON’T GROOVE YOUR WAGGLE. IT TAKES INSTINCT TO PLAN AND PLAY A GOLF SHOT, AND YOUR PREPARATIONS FOR EACH SHOT MUST BE DONE INSTINCTIVELY. Let’s say, for example, that you’re 130 yards out from a semiplateau green. You’ve decided that you want to get the ball well up in the air in a steep trajectory, and that you’ll be playing a seven-iron. You want to strike the shot firmly, as goes without saying, but you want to hit a soft, feathery kind of shot that will float down onto the green. Well, you’ll waggle somewhat slowly, somewhat softly. This is the tempo you will also be using on the stroke, of course. Say, on the other hand, that you’ve got to bang a drive low into the wind on a hole where it’s important to be out a good distance from the tee to get home in two. For this shot, you’ll move the club back
摇摆的节奏随每次击球而变化。不要在挥杆时开槽。计划和打好一杆高尔夫球需要本能，每一杆的准备工作都必须凭直觉进行。比如说，你距离半高原果岭 130 码。你已经决定要让球在空中形成陡峭的弹道，而且要使用七号铁杆。不言而喻，你要稳稳地击球，但你又想打出柔和、羽毛状的击球，让球飘落到果岭上。嗯，你要慢慢地、轻轻地挥杆。当然，这也是你击球时的节奏。反过来说，如果你要在一个球洞迎着风打出一杆低杆，而在这个球洞中，从发球台开出很远的距离对两杆进洞非常重要。打这一杆时，你要将球杆向后移动
and forth with much more briskness, more conviction, more speed. And you’ll swing that way. The waggle, in other words, fits the shot.
来来回回，更加爽快，更加坚定，更加迅速。这样你就能挥杆了。换句话说，摇摆适合击球。

During the waggle the shoulders do not turn.
摇摆时，肩膀不要转动。

On the actual swing they do. The hands, arms and the shoulders start to move almost simultaneously on the backswing
实际挥杆时确实如此。上杆时，手、手臂和肩膀几乎同时开始移动

The waggle gives the golfer a running start. It blends right into the swing. For all general points and purposes, the backswing is simply an extension of the way the golfer takes the club back on the waggle. The club follows that same path and it is swung back at the speed the waggle has regulated. There is, however, one significant difference between the waggle and the backswing which must be made crystal-clear. DURING THE WAGGLE, THE SHOULDERS DO NOT TURN. ON THE ACTUAL SWING, THEY DO, RIGHT FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE BACKSWING. THE BACKSWING IS, IN FACT, INITIATED BY THE ALMOST SIMULTANEOUS MOVEMENT OF THE HANDS, ARMS AND SHOULDERS. Introducing the shoulders does not alter the pattern you set up in the waggle. By turning your shoulders on your actual backswing, you simply increase the arc of your waggle.
挥杆为高尔夫球手提供了一个起跑的机会。它与挥杆动作融为一体。就所有一般要点和目的而言，上杆仅仅是球手在挥杆时将球杆收回的方式的延伸。球杆沿着相同的轨迹，以挥杆所调节的速度挥回。不过，挥杆和上杆之间有一个明显的区别，必须明确指出。摆动时，肩膀不会转动。而在实际挥杆过程中，从上杆开始，肩膀就会转动。事实上，后挥杆是由手、手臂和肩膀几乎同时的动作启动的。引入肩部并不会改变你在挥杆时设定的模式。在实际上杆时转动肩膀，只是增加了挥杆的弧度。

Throughout these lessons we have placed special emphasis on the fact that the golf swing is, in principle, a continuous chain of actions.
在这些课程中，我们特别强调，高尔夫挥杆原则上是一个连续的动作链。

Like the component parts of the engine of an automobile, the component parts of the swing fuse together and work together in a purposeful sequence. As each component performs its part of the operation, it sets up the proper operation of the other components with which it is connected. I bring this up at this particular point, for if a golfer clearly grasps the interrelationship of the hands, arms, shoulders and hips, he will play good golf - he can’t help but play good golf.
就像汽车发动机的各个组成部分一样，摇摆机的各个组成部分也是按照一定的顺序相互融合、相互配合的。每一个部件在完成自己的工作时，都会为与之相连的其他部件的正常工作创造条件。我在此特别提出这一点，因为如果一个高尔夫球手清楚地掌握了手、臂、肩和臀部的相互关系，他就会打出好的高尔夫球--他不可能不打出好的高尔夫球。

ON THE BACKSWING, THE ORDER OF MOVEMENT GOES LIKE THIS: HANDS, ARMS, SHOULDERS, HIPS. (On the downswing the order is just reversed: hips, shoulders, arms, hands.) On the backswing, the hands, arms, and shoulders start to move almost simultaneously. ACTUALLY, THE HANDS START THE CLUBHEAD BACK A SPLIT SECOND BEFORE THE ARMS START BACK. AND THE ARMS BEGIN THEIR MOVEMENT A SPLIT SECOND BEFORE THE SHOULDERS BEGIN TO TURN. AS A GOLFER ACQUIRES FEEL AND RHYTHM THROUGH PRACTICE, THE HANDS, ARMS AND SHOULDERS WILL INSTINCTIVELY TIE IN ON THIS SPLIT-SECOND SCHEDULE. The main point for the novice is to know that they do start back so closely together that their action is unified.
上杆时，动作顺序如下：手、臂、肩、髋：上杆时，手、臂和肩几乎同时开始移动。实际上，手在手臂开始向后挥杆前一瞬间就开始向后挥杆。而在肩膀开始转动前一瞬间，手臂也开始运动。当球手通过练习掌握了感觉和节奏后，手、手臂和肩膀就会本能地与这一瞬间的时间表保持一致。对于新手来说，最重要的一点是要知道他们确实是同时开始后退的，以至于他们的动作是统一的。

On the backswing the shoulders are always ahead of the hips as they turn. The shoulders start turning immediately. The hips do not. JUST BEFORE YOUR HANDS REACH HIP LEVEL, THE SHOULDERS, AS THEY TURN, AUTOMATICALLY START PULLING THE HIPS AROUND. AS THE HIPS BEGIN TO TURN, THEY PULL THE LEFT LEG IN TO THE RIGHT. Now let us examine these actions in closer detail.
上杆时，肩部总是先于髋部转动。肩部立即开始转动。而臀部不会。就在你的手到达髋部水平线之前，肩部在转动时自动开始拉动髋部。当臀部开始转动时，它们会将左腿拉向右腿。现在，让我们仔细研究一下这些动作。

THE SHOULDERS. You want to turn the shoulders as far around as they’ll go. (Your head, of course, remains stationary.) When you have turned your shoulders all the way, your back should face squarely toward your target. (Sam Snead, who is gifted with an unusually supple frame, can turn his back a shade farther around than this. This is fine. The more you can turn your shoulders, the better.) Most golfers think that they make a full shoulder turn going back and they would challenge you if you claimed they didn’t, but the truth is that few golfers really complete their shoulder turn. They stop turning when the shoulders are about halfway around; then, in order to get the clubhead all the way back, they break the left arm. This is really a false backswing. It isn’t any backswing at all. A golfer can’t have control of the club or start down
肩膀你要尽可能地转动肩膀。(当然，你的头部保持不动。）当你的肩膀完全转过来时，你的背部应该正对目标。(山姆-斯尼德（Sam Snead）的身体异常柔软，他的背部可以转得比这更远一些。这样就可以了。肩膀转得越多越好）。大多数高尔夫球手都认为他们在回转时肩膀会完全转过来，如果你说他们没有，他们会向你挑战。他们会在肩膀转到一半时停止转动；然后，为了让杆头一直向后，他们会折断左臂。这其实是一个错误的上杆动作。这根本不是什么上杆。球手无法控制球杆或开始下杆
into the ball with any power or speed unless his left arm is straight to begin with. When he bends his left arm, he actually performs only a half swing and he forfeits half his potential power. More than this, he then is led into making many exhausting extra movements that accomplish nothing for him.
除非他的左臂从一开始就伸直，否则他无法以任何力量或速度击球。当他左臂弯曲时，他实际上只完成了半挥杆动作，失去了一半的潜在力量。不仅如此，他还要做许多额外的动作，这些动作让他筋疲力尽，却毫无用处。

An excellent way to check that you are making a full shoulder turn is this: WHEN YOU FINISH YOUR BACKSWING, YOUR CHIN SHOULD BE HITTING AGAINST THE TOP OF YOUR LEFT SHOULDER. Just where the chin contacts the shoulder depends on the individual golfer’s physical proportions. In my own case, it’s about an inch from the end of the shoulder. My golf shirts have a worn-down spot at this particular point.
检查你是否完全转肩的绝佳方法是这样的：当你完成上杆动作时，你的下巴应该顶到左肩的顶部。下巴与肩膀接触的位置取决于每个球手的身体比例。就我而言，下巴距离肩膀末端大约一英寸。我的高尔夫球衫在这个位置有一个磨损点。

THE HIPS. Turning the hips too soon is an error countless golfers make, and it’s a serious error. It destroys your chance of obtaining the power a correctly integrated swing gives you. As you begin the backswing, you must restrain your hips from moving until the turning of the shoulders starts to pull the hips around.
臀部过早转动臀部是无数高尔夫球手都会犯的错误，而且是一个严重的错误。它破坏了你通过正确整合挥杆动作获得力量的机会。当你开始上杆时，你必须抑制住臀部的移动，直到肩膀的转动开始拉动臀部。

Some prominent golfers advocate taking a big turn with the hips. I don’t go along with this. If the hips are turned too far around, then you can create no tension in the muscles between the hips and the shoulders. A golfer wants to have this tension; he wants the mid-section of his body to be tightened up, for this tension is the key to the whole downswing. The downswing, you see, is initiated by turning the hips back to the left. When you have this stored-up tension in the muscles between the hips and the shoulders (and in the muscles of the thighs that work with the hips), you have something with which you can begin the downswing. (This tension will, in fact, automatically help to pull you down into the ball.) As the hips turn back to the left, this turning motion increases their tension. IT IS THIS INCREASED TENSION THAT UNWINDS THE UPPER PART OF THE BODY. IT UNWINDS THE SHOULDERS, THE ARMS AND THE HANDS IN THAT ORDER, THE CORRECT ORDER. IT HELPS THE SWING SO MUCH IT MAKES IT ALMOST AUTOMATIC. Your shoulders, arms and hands enter into the swing just when and as they should. They’re already loaded with the tension (and power) they’ve stored up. They’re all set to release it.
一些著名的高尔夫球手主张用臀部来一个大转弯。我不赞成这种做法。如果臀部转得太大，那么臀部和肩膀之间的肌肉就不会产生张力。高尔夫球手希望有这种张力；他希望身体中段收紧，因为这种张力是整个下杆动作的关键。你看，下杆是通过臀部向左后方转动来启动的。当你在臀部和肩膀之间的肌肉（以及与臀部配合的大腿肌肉）中储存了这种张力时，你就有了可以开始下杆的东西。(事实上，这种张力会自动帮助你向下拉球）。当臀部向左后方转动时，这个转动动作会增加其张力。正是这种张力的增加使身体上半部分松弛下来。它按照正确的顺序依次放松肩膀、手臂和双手。这对挥杆有很大帮助，使挥杆几乎成为自动动作。你的肩膀、手臂和双手会在它们应该进入挥杆状态的时候进入挥杆状态。它们已经蓄积了足够的张力（和力量）。它们已经做好释放的准备。

On the backswing the correct order of movement is hands, arms, shoulders, hips. In this sequence the golfer is shown waggling, returning to address, and then swinging to the top of his backswing. Each drawing emphasizes the parts of the body which are actively functioning at that particular stage of the backswing. The diagram above each drawing denotes the relative amount of turn of the shoulders and hips at each of these progressive stages of the backswing
上杆时，正确的动作顺序是手、手臂、肩膀、臀部。在这个顺序中，高尔夫球手的动作是挥杆、回到击球点，然后挥杆到上杆顶点。每幅图都强调了在上杆的特定阶段身体积极运作的部位。每幅图的上图表示在上杆的每个渐进阶段，肩部和髋部的相对转动量

When the hips are turned back to the left, this tightens the muscles between the hips and the shoulders just a notch more - something like the way a fellow gives each lug that little extra tightening twist when he’s changing a tire. Maximum tension in the muscles between the hips and the shoulders produces maximum speed. The tighter the tension in these muscles, the faster the upper part of the body will unwind (as the hips turn) and transfer its speed to the arms and the hands. It gives the upper part of the body a running start. This is the speed that ultimately produces clubhead speed, and clubhead speed is what produces distance.
当臀部向左后方转动时，臀部和肩部之间的肌肉就会更加紧张--这就好比换轮胎时，每个轮胎都要额外扭紧一点。臀部和肩膀之间肌肉的最大张力产生最大速度。这些肌肉的张力越大，身体的上半部分就会越快（随着臀部的转动）松开，并将速度传递到手臂和手上。这让身体上半部分开始运转。这种速度最终会产生杆头速度，而杆头速度则会产生距离。

Now, returning to the backswing, I think you may understand more clearly just why it is so important to have this torsion, this stretching of the muscles, that results from turning your shoulders as far as they can go and retarding the hips. It’s the difference in the amount of turn between the shoulders and hips that sets up this muscular tension. If the
现在，回到后挥杆，我想你可能会更清楚地理解为什么这种扭转、这种肌肉的拉伸如此重要，因为它是将你的肩膀转到最远，而将臀部后移的结果。正是肩部和髋部之间转动幅度的不同，形成了这种肌肉张力。如果
hips were turned as much as the shoulders, there’d be no tightening up at all.
如果臀部和肩膀一样转过来，就根本不会收紧。

THE LEGS. When the hips enter the swing, as they are turned they pull the left leg in. The left knee breaks in to the right, the left foot rolls in to the right on the inside part of the sole, and what weight there is on the left leg rides on the inside ball of the foot. LET ME CAUTION YOU AGAINST LIFTING THE LEFT HEEL TOO HIGH OFF THE GROUND ON THE BACKSWING. IF THE HEEL STAYS ON THE GROUND-FINE. IF IT COMES UP AN INCH OFF THE GROUNDFINE. No higher than that, though - it will only lead to faulty balance and other undesirable complications.
腿部当髋部进入挥杆动作时，随着髋部的转动，会将左腿拉向内侧。左膝向右侧弯曲，左脚在脚底内侧向右侧滚动，左腿的重量则落在脚掌内侧。让我提醒您，上杆时左脚跟不要离地太高。如果脚跟贴地--没问题。如果脚跟离地一英寸，也没问题。但不能再高了，否则只会导致平衡失误和其他不良后果。

The body and the legs move the feet. LET THEM MOVE THE FEET. As regards the left heel, how much the left knee breaks in on the backswing determines how much the heel comes up. I never worry about the left heel. Whether it comes off the ground a half inch or a quarter of an inch or remains on the ground as a result of my body and leg action on the backswing - this is of no importance at all. I pay no attention to it.
身体和双腿带动双脚。让它们移动双脚。至于左脚跟，上杆时左膝的伸展程度决定了脚跟的翘起程度。我从不担心左脚跟。无论它是离地半英寸还是四分之一英寸，还是由于我上杆时的身体和腿部动作而留在地面上--这一点都不重要。我对此毫不关心。

As regards the right leg, it should maintain the same position it had at address, the same angle in relation to the ground, throughout the backswing. That is one of the checks the average golfer should make when he’s warming up and when he’s on the course. When you have a stable right leg and the right knee remains pointed in a bit, it prevents the leg from sagging and swaying out to the right and carrying the body along with it.
至于右腿，它应该在整个上杆过程中保持与击球时相同的位置，与地面保持相同的角度。这是普通球手在热身和上场时应该做的检查之一。当你的右腿保持稳定，右膝盖稍稍向内，就能防止腿部下垂和向右摇摆，并带动身体一起摇摆。

There is one other aspect of this first part of the swing that we should take up at this time: the plane. Over the period I’ve been in golf, oceans of words have been devoted to the arc of the swing but only the merest trickle to the plane. This is unfortunate, for in the dynamics of the golf swing the plane is extremely important, far more important than the arc.
在挥杆的第一部分，还有一个方面是我们现在应该讨论的：平面。在我从事高尔夫运动的这段时间里，关于挥杆弧线的论述可谓洋洋洒洒，但关于挥杆平面的论述却寥寥无几。这是不幸的，因为在高尔夫挥杆的动力学中，平面是极其重要的，比弧线重要得多。

What precisely is this plane? To begin with, there are two planes in the golf swing, the plane of the backswing and the plane of the downswing. As the drawings will delineate, the plane of the backswing - which is all we will concern ourselves with in this chapter - is most simply described as an angle of inclination running from the ball to the shoulders. The pitch of the angle is determined by two factors: the height of the individual’s shoulders and the distance he stands from the ball at address.
这个平面究竟是什么？首先，高尔夫挥杆有两个平面，即上杆平面和下杆平面。如图所示，上杆平面--这也是我们在本章中所要关注的--最简单的描述就是一个从球到肩膀的倾斜角度。该角度的倾斜度由两个因素决定：个人肩膀的高度和他在起杆时与球的距离。

Golfer can check stability of his right leg by marking its angle at address with club, then noting if angle of the club changes when he practices backswing motion
球手可以在击球时用球杆标记出右腿的角度，然后注意练习上杆动作时球杆的角度是否发生变化，从而检查右腿的稳定性。

On the backswing, the plane serves the golfer as sort of a threedimensional road map. HIS SHOULDERS SHOULD ROTATE ON THIS PLANE, CONTINUOUSLY INCLINED AT THE SAME ANGLE (WITH THE BALL) THEY ESTABLISHED AT ADDRESS. En route from address to the top of the backswing, THE ARMS AND HANDS (AND THE CLUB) SHOULD ALSO REMAIN ON THIS SAME ANGLE OF INCLINATION AS THEY SWING BACK. (Use your left arm as your guide.) When your shoulders, arms and hands follow the appointed route the plane sets up, it insures you that your upper body and arms will be correctly inter-aligned when they reach that crucial point where the backswing ends and the downswing begins. Then, when the downswing is inaugurated by the hips and the turning hips unwind the upper part of the body, the shoulders and then the arms and then the hands flow easily and powerfully into the swing. In other words, by staying on his backswing plane, the player pre-groups his forces so that each component is correctly geared to work with the other components on the downswing. The energy of the hips, shoulders, arms, and hands will be released in that correct order, and the perfect chain action results. He can put everything he has into the shot. He can obtain maximum distance and accuracy. All powered up to begin with and generating immense power as the downswing accelerates, he has no need to try and manufacture some power somehow with some last-ditch swing-wrecking effort, as poor golfers are forced to do. This kind of misplaced effort
在上杆过程中，该平面就像是高尔夫球手的三维路线图。球手的肩膀应在该平面上旋转，并以其在起杆时确定的角度（与球）持续倾斜。从发球到上杆顶点的过程中，手臂（和球杆）在回旋时也应保持相同的倾斜角度。(当你的肩膀、手臂和手按照平面设定的路线移动时，就能确保你的上半身和手臂在到达上杆结束和下杆开始的关键点时能够正确对齐。然后，当下挥杆由髋部启动，转动的髋部松开身体上半部分时，肩膀、手臂和双手就会轻松有力地进入挥杆状态。换句话说，通过保持在上杆平面上，球员预先将力量集中起来，使每个部分都能在下杆时与其他部分正确配合。髋、肩、臂和手的能量将按照正确的顺序释放，从而形成完美的链式动作。他可以全力以赴地击球。他可以获得最大的距离和准确性。他一开始就蓄势待发，并在下杆加速时产生巨大的力量，他没有必要像差劲的高尔夫球手那样，在挥杆的最后关头被迫做出一些破坏性的努力来制造一些力量。这种错误的努力
produces very little in the way of distance and damages direction left and right. It makes golf a frustrating game - you get so little in return for the energy you put into your shots. However, for the golfer with a correct swing who pre-arranges his chain action by staying on his backswing plane and storing his power properly, golf is a tremendous pleasure. He reaps the full rewards for the effort he pours into it.
高尔夫球的距离和左右方向的破坏力都很小。这使得高尔夫成为一项令人沮丧的运动--你在击球时投入的精力所换来的回报少之又少。然而，对于挥杆正确的高尔夫球手来说，通过保持在上杆平面上并适当储存力量来预先安排自己的链条动作，打高尔夫是一种极大的享受。他所付出的努力会得到充分的回报。

There is no such thing as an absolute and standard plane for all golfers. The correct angle for each person’s plane depends on how he is built. A fellow whose legs are proportionately shorter than his arms, for example, necessarily creates a shallow angle for his plane. At the other extreme, a man whose legs are proportionately longer than his arms sets up a very steep angle for himself. Neither plane, let me repeat, is incorrect. Technically, it is wrong to term the man who properly swings on a shallow plane a “flat swinger,” or the man who properly swings on a steep plane an “upright swinger,” simply because their planes happen to be flatter or more upright than the plane of the man of more average proportions. However, if any golfer permits his arms and his club to drop well below his established plane, then, whether he normally possesses a shallow or steep or an average plane, he would be swinging too flat. Similarly, if he hoists his club above the line of his plane, he would be swinging too upright.
并不存在适合所有高尔夫球手的绝对标准杆面。每个人的正确击球角度取决于他的身材。例如，一个人的双腿比双臂按比例短，那么他的击球角度必然较浅。另一个极端是，一个人的腿比胳膊长，他的飞机角度就会很陡。让我重复一遍，这两种平面都不正确。从技术上讲，把在较浅平面上正确挥杆的人称为 "平直挥杆者"，或把在较陡平面上正确挥杆的人称为 "直立挥杆者"，都是错误的，原因仅仅是他们的挥杆平面碰巧比身材比例较平均的人的挥杆平面更平或更直立。然而，如果任何一个高尔夫球手允许他的手臂和球杆落到远低于他的既定平面，那么，无论他通常拥有的是浅平面、陡平面还是平均平面，他都会挥得太平。同样，如果他将球杆高举过平面线，那么他的挥杆就会过于直立。

Perhaps the best way to visualize what the plane is and how it influences the swing is to imagine that, as the player stands before the ball at address, his head sticks out through a hole in an immense pane of glass that rests on his shoulders as it inclines upward from the ball. IF HE EXECUTES HIS BACKSWING PROPERLY, AS HIS ARMS ARE APPROACHING HIP LEVEL, THEY SHOULD BE PARALLEL WITH THE PLANE AND THEY SHOULD REMAIN PARALLEL WITH THE PLANE, JUST BENEATH THE GLASS, TILL THEY REACH THE TOP OF THE BACKSWING. AT THE TOP OF HIS BACKSWING, HIS LEFT ARM SHOULD BE EXTENDED AT THE EXACT SAME ANGLE (TO THE BALL) AS THE GLASS. Actually, his left arm would brush against the glass. As for his shoulders, as they turn on the backswing, the top of the shoulders will continuously be brushing against the glass.
要想象什么是平面以及平面如何影响挥杆，最好的办法也许是想象当球员站在球前击球时，他的头从一块巨大的玻璃上的一个洞中伸出来，这块玻璃从球向上倾斜，靠在他的肩膀上。如果他的上杆动作得当，当他的手臂接近臀部水平时，手臂应该与平面平行，并且在玻璃下方与平面保持平行，直到手臂到达上杆顶点。在上杆顶点，左臂的伸展角度（与球的角度）应与玻璃完全相同。实际上，他的左臂会擦着玻璃。至于他的肩膀，当肩膀在上杆过程中转动时，肩膀顶端会不断地擦着玻璃。

Visualize the backswing plane as a large pane of glass that rests on the shoulders as it inclines upward from the ball. As the arms approach hip level on the backswing, they should be moving parallel with the plane and should remain parallel with the plane [just below the glass] to the top of the backswing. It would be ideal if the arms could be swung back parallel to the plane from the very start of the swing, but because of the way we human beings are constructed, a man gripping a club can’t get his arms onto the plane until they are nearly hip high
将上杆平面想象成一块大玻璃，当它从球向上倾斜时，靠在肩膀上。当手臂在上杆过程中接近臀部水平时，它们应与平面平行移动，并应与平面保持平行（就在玻璃下方），直至上杆顶点。如果双臂能在挥杆伊始就摆回到与平面平行的位置，那将是最理想的状态，但由于人类的构造，握杆的人在双臂接近臀部高度时才能将其摆到平面上。

The backswing plane runs from the ball through the shoulders
上杆平面从球穿过肩膀
As golf faults go, it is not too injurious if your club and arms travel on a plane a little flatter than the ideal one. HOWEVER, YOU ARE HEADING FOR DISASTER IF YOU THRUST YOUR ARMS UP ABOVE THE PLANE SO THAT THEY WOULD SHATTER THE PANE OF GLASS. Poor golfers make this error at any and all stages of the backswing, but it occurs most commonly when they are nearing the top of the backswing. Then, when their hands are about shoulder high, they suddenly lift their arms almost vertically towards the sky - crash! goes the glass … and their shot. They conclude the backswing on an entirely different and far more upright plane, with their hands and forearms and elbows pretzeled all over the place. Hopelessly out of position, they struggle to right themselves on the downswing. Invariably, they can’t and they mis-hit the ball in every conceivable way and in all directions. There are quite a few fairly talented golfers who also make this mistake of looping their arms above the plane as they approach the top of the backswing. It explains their frequent erratic spells. They cannot groove their compensations, and they make errors on both sides of the fairway.
就高尔夫失误而言，如果您的球杆和手臂在比理想平面稍平的平面上移动，并不会造成太大伤害。但是，如果你的双臂在平面上方上推，以至于会打碎玻璃窗，那你就会陷入灾难。差劲的高尔夫球手在上杆的任何阶段都会犯这种错误，但最常见的是在接近上杆顶点时。然后，当他们的手与肩同高时，他们突然抬起手臂，几乎垂直于天空--砰！玻璃碎了......他们的球也碎了。他们在一个完全不同的、更加直立的平面上结束上杆，双手、前臂和肘部到处乱摆。由于姿势不对，他们在下杆时极力摆正自己的姿势。他们总是做不到，于是就会以各种可能的方式向各个方向击球失误。有不少相当有天赋的高尔夫球手也会犯这样的错误，在接近上杆顶点时，他们的手臂会绕到平面上方。这也是他们经常失误的原因。他们无法调整补偿动作，在球道两侧都会出错。

Drawings above and below demonstrate that the arms and club remain below the glass in all stages of backswing
上图和下图显示，在上杆的各个阶段，手臂和球杆都保持在玻璃下方

If you can devote a half hour a day for a week to practicing the backswing I’m sure you will find that you will begin to assimilate the correct movements much more quickly than you think. And you will be far enough advanced to extract maximum profit when we move on to study the second part of the swing.
如果你能在一周内每天抽出半小时来练习后挥杆，我相信你会发现你开始吸收正确动作的速度比你想象的要快得多。当我们继续学习挥杆的第二部分时，你的进步将足以让你获得最大的收益。

Practice the waggle - perhaps 10 minutes a day. In this connection, I’d like to add one contingent thought. When the average player gets ready to hit a shot, some days, purely by accident, he does one or two key things correctly. He hasn’t the faintest idea what these key things are, but he does them and consequently he plays quite well. On most days, however - on nearly all days, for that matter - he feels very uncomfortable and unconfident as he addresses the ball and he is completely baffled when he tries to figure out the remedies that will give him that sense of rightness. “I just don’t have it today,” he rationalizes in his bewilderment. “I just can’t feel a thing.” Well, he’s got it that day. If he checks his grip and stance and waggles properly, he’ll feel that he’s got it and he’ll be able to use it.
练习摇摆--也许每天 10 分钟。在这方面，我想补充一个突发想法。当普通球员准备击球时，有时纯属偶然，他会正确地做一两件关键的事情。他根本不知道这些关键的事情是什么，但他做到了，因此他打得很好。然而，在大多数时候，几乎在所有的日子里，他在处理球时都会感到非常不自在和不自信，当他试图找出能给他带来正确感的补救措施时，他完全摸不着头脑。"我今天就是没有这种感觉，"他困惑地解释道。"我什么都感觉不到"好吧，今天他有了。如果他检查了握杆、站姿和摇摆的正确性，他就会感觉到他有了它，他就能使用它了。

A second thing I recommend you practice is a training exercise that’s designed to school a golfer to entrust his swing not to his hands but to his arms and body. Start in the position of address with the upper part of your arms and your elbows glued to the sides of your chest. Exaggerate this adhesion, if anything. With your arms held as stiff as the pendulum of a clock, have the turning of the body swing the arms back about halfway to the top of the backswing, then swing them forward about halfway to the finish of the follow-through … back and forth, back and forth, breaking your left knee and right elbow on your halfswing back, breaking your right knee on your halfswing forward and, later, the left elbow. As you continue to do this, you will get the feeling that you are swinging with the hips, that the body is swinging the club. The effect of this exercise is to exaggerate a fundamental fact and feeling you want to have about the full golf swing: THE ACTION OF THE ARMS IS MOTIVATED BY THE MOVEMENTS OF THE BODY, AND THE HANDS CONSCIOUSLY DO NOTHING BUT MAINTAIN A FIRM GRIP ON THE CLUB.
我建议你练习的第二件事是一项训练，目的是让高尔夫球手在挥杆时不依赖双手，而是依赖手臂和身体。从发球位置开始，双臂上部和肘部紧贴胸部两侧。如果有的话，要夸大这种粘连。双臂像钟摆一样保持僵硬，让身体的转动将双臂向后摆动到上杆顶点的一半左右，然后向前摆动到跟杆结束的一半左右......来回摆动，来回摆动，在向后半摆动时折断左膝和右肘，在向前半摆动时折断右膝，随后折断左肘。当你继续这样做时，你会感觉到你是在用臀部挥杆，身体在挥杆。这种练习的效果是夸大一个基本事实，也是你想拥有的关于高尔夫挥杆全过程的感觉：双臂的动作是由身体的动作带动的，而双手只是有意识地紧握球杆。

The training exercise is a half-swing back and forth. Back and forth, back and forth, the body swings the arms like a pendulum of a clock. The elbows remain tightly glued to the sides
训练动作是来回半摆。前后，前后，身体像钟摆一样摆动手臂。肘部紧贴身体两侧

Last but not least, practice the complete backswing. Try to visualize your proper plane and to keep your arms traveling on that plane as you swing the club back. Quite a few of my friends have told me that once they got the idea of the plane into their heads, it worked wonders for them. Like nothing else, it got them out of their old bad habits and made the correct movements come so naturally they could hardly believe it.
最后但并非最不重要的一点是，练习完整的上杆动作。试着想象出正确的挥杆平面，并在挥杆时保持手臂在该平面上移动。我的很多朋友都告诉我，一旦他们在脑海中形成了上杆平面的概念，就会产生奇效。这让他们摆脱了以前的坏习惯，使正确的动作变得如此自然，简直难以置信。

I can believe it. I really never felt that my own backswing was satisfactorily grooved, or could be satisfactorily grooved, until I began to base my backswing on this concept of the plane. Up to that time - this was in 1938 - I had been struggling along with a backswing that was a lot less uniform and, consequently, a lot less dependable than I wanted it to be. I began to wonder whether or not I could find a set “slot” for the club to hit at the top of the backswing. Then, if I could swing the club into the slot on every swing - well, that would solve my problem of inconsistency.
我相信这一点。直到我开始将我的上杆动作建立在这个平面概念的基础上，我才真正感觉到我的上杆动作是令人满意的，或者说可以是令人满意的。直到那时--那是在 1938 年--我一直在苦苦挣扎，因为我的后挥杆不够均匀，因此也不够可靠。我开始想，我是否能在上杆的顶端找到一个固定的 "位置 "来击打球杆。那么，如果我每次挥杆都能将球杆挥进这个 "槽 "里，那么我的不一致问题就迎刃而解了。

I began to think more and more about the golfer’s plane. After some experimentation, I found to my enormous relief that, if I swung back along this plane, my club would, in effect, be traveling up a set slot throughout my backswing, on swing after swing. If it did that, at the top of the backswing plane it was bound to hit the end of this set slot, on swing after swing. I practiced swinging on this plane and started to gain confidence that my backswing was reliable. It helped my whole swing, my whole game, my whole attitude. I can honestly say that for the first time I then began to think that I could develop into a golfer of true championship caliber.
我开始越来越多地思考高尔夫球手的挥杆平面。经过一番实验，我欣喜地发现，如果我沿着这个平面向后挥杆，球杆实际上就会在整个上杆过程中沿着一个固定的槽向上移动，一次又一次。如果这样做，在上挥杆面的顶端，球杆一定会在一次又一次的挥杆中击中这个固定槽的末端。我在这个平面上练习挥杆，开始对我的上杆动作的可靠性有了信心。这对我的整个挥杆、整个比赛、整个态度都有帮助。我可以坦率地说，我第一次开始认为自己可以发展成为一名真正的冠军级高尔夫球手。

One of the greatest pleasures in golf - I can think of nothing that truly compares with it unless it is watching a well-played shot streak for the flag - is the sensation a golfer experiences at the instant he contacts the ball flush and correctly. He always knows when he does, for then and only then does a distinctive “sweet feeling” sweep straight up the shaft from the clubhead and surge through his arms and his whole frame. Not even the best golfer can hit the ball this well on every shot, for golf, in essence, is a game of misses. Every seasoned, sensible golfer knows this, and, accordingly, he tries to build a swing that is so basically sound that his “misses” are, in truth, not bad golf shots at all - fairly well struck, accurate enough, eminently serviceable.
高尔夫球运动中最大的乐趣之一--除非是看着一杆漂亮的球飞向旗杆，否则我想没有什么能与之相提并论--就是球手在与球齐平、正确接触的一瞬间所体验到的感觉。他总是知道自己什么时候做到了，因为只有在那个时候，一种独特的 "甜蜜感觉 "才会从杆头直上杆身，并在他的双臂和整个身体中涌动。即使是最优秀的高尔夫球手，也不可能每次击球都打得这么好，因为从本质上讲，高尔夫球是一个失误的游戏。每一个经验丰富、理智的高尔夫球手都知道这一点，因此，他们会努力练习挥杆，使自己的 "失误 "基本上是正确的，以至于 "失误 "的高尔夫球打得一点也不差--打得相当好，足够准确，非常实用。

In this chapter we will be taking up the phase of the swing in which the player actually hits the ball. This second section of the swing - from the start of the downswing to the finish of the follow-through - is the most crucial part, necessarily. This is where everything a player does from the moment he takes his club from the bag either pays off or doesn’t. Since, in the method we are teaching, each action is the direct result of preceding actions in the chain-action sequence of the swing, it strikes me that it would be extremely profitable, before tackling the downswing, to review briefly the plane of the backswing. As we brought out in the last lesson, staying on his plane as he swings back is a golfer’s best insurance of being in a correct and powerful position at that critical juncture where his backswing ends and the downswing begins.
在本章中，我们将讨论球员实际击球的挥杆阶段。挥杆的第二部分--从下杆开始到击球结束--必然是最关键的部分。这也是球员从球杆袋中取出球杆那一刻起所做的一切，要么取得成功，要么一无所获。由于在我们教授的方法中，每个动作都是挥杆链式动作序列中前面动作的直接结果，因此我认为在处理下杆动作之前，简要回顾一下上杆的平面是非常有益的。正如我们在上一课中指出的，在上杆时保持在上杆平面上，是高尔夫球手在上杆结束和下杆开始的关键时刻处于正确和有力位置的最佳保证。

The downswing is initiated by turning the hips to the left. The shoulders, arms and hands - in that order - then release their power. The great speed developed in this chain action carries the golfer all the way around to the finish of his follow-through
下杆开始时，臀部向左转。肩膀、手臂和双手依次释放力量。在这一连串动作中形成的巨大速度，将高尔夫球手一直带到击球的终点。

As he addresses the ball, the golfer creates the angle of the plane of his backswing: the plane inclines along this imaginary line running from the ball to the top of his shoulders and on upward at that established angle of inclination. If a golfer rotates his shoulders on this plane and swings his arms and club back on this plane - neither dropping them below the plane nor, what is much more disastrous, lifting them above the plane - then at the top of his backswing his left arm will be extended at an angle to the ball identical with the angle of the plane. In terms of functioning, which is more to our point, the shoulders, arms and hands will then be in a perfect position to carry out their interrelated movements on the downswing.
在击球的同时，球手就确定了上杆的平面角度：这个平面沿着从球到肩膀顶端的假想线倾斜，并以既定的倾斜角度继续向上。如果高尔夫球手在这一平面上转动肩膀，并在这一平面上向后挥动手臂和球杆--既不使手臂和球杆低于平面，也不使手臂和球杆高于平面--那么在上杆的顶点，他的左臂将以与平面角度相同的角度伸向球。就功能而言（这更符合我们的观点），肩、臂和手将处于一个完美的位置，以便在下杆时完成相互关联的动作。

Learning to think in terms of this plane has helped tremendously to improve and stabilize the swings of many friends of mine. Like no other visual suggestion, it seems to induce a golfer to make the correct backswing movements TIME AFTER TIME. He folds the right elbow in, just as he should; his left arm is fully extended but not rigid, just as it should be; he completes his full shoulder turn; his hands cock themselves naturally, without any conscious effort, and the back of his left hand is an unbroken extension of the line of his left wrist and forearm. Not only are his arms and the upper part of his body correctly aligned throughout the backswing, but these various component parts tend to be poised TIME AFTER TIME with the proper degree of live, stretched muscular tension ready to be released on the downswing.
学会用这个平面来思考问题，对改善和稳定我许多朋友的挥杆动作大有帮助。与其他视觉暗示一样，它似乎能诱导球手一次又一次地做出正确的上杆动作。他将右肘内收，就像他应该做的那样；他的左臂完全伸直，但并不僵硬，就像它应该做的那样；他完成了肩部的完全转动；他的双手自然地翘起，没有任何有意识的努力，他的左手手背是左手腕和前臂线条的不间断延伸。在整个上杆过程中，不仅他的手臂和身体上半部分正确对齐，而且这些不同的组成部分也会一次又一次地保持适当程度的活泼、舒展的肌肉张力，随时准备在下杆时释放出来。

When I am studying and evaluating a golfer’s swing, I always make it a point to check how well he adheres to his plane on the backswing. Standing several yards behind him and facing down his line of flight, I slant my forearm and hand (with the fingers extended and joined as in a salute) along the angle of his plane. As he swings back, I can then observe whether or not he stays on the plane throughout his backswing. If he doesn’t then I know that this golfer’s swing is not soundly constructed and will not be able to repeat under pressure.
当我研究和评估一名高尔夫球手的挥杆动作时，我总是会特意检查他在上杆时是否能很好地保持自己的挥杆平面。我站在他身后几码远的地方，面向他的飞行路线，将前臂和手（手指伸直并拢，像敬礼一样）沿着他的挥杆平面角度倾斜。当他向后挥杆时，我可以观察他在整个上杆过程中是否始终保持在平面上。如果没有，那么我就知道这位球手的挥杆结构并不合理，在压力下无法重复挥杆。

On the downswing, a golfer swings on a slightly different plane than on the backswing. THE PLANE FOR THE DOWNSWING IS LESS STEEPLY INCLINED AND IS ORIENTED WITH THE BALL QUITE DIFFERENTLY FROM THE BACKSWING PLANE. The golfer gets
下杆时，高尔夫球手的挥杆平面与上杆时略有不同。下杆平面的倾斜度较小，与球的方向也与上杆平面截然不同。球手得到
on this second plane - without thinking he is changing planes - when he turns his hips back to the left at the start of the downswing. This moves his body to the left and automatically lowers the right shoulder. You will remember that, in introducing the backswing plane, we suggested that the golfer-reader imagine that at address his head is sticking out through a hole in an immense pane of glass that rests on his shoulders as it slants up from the ball. Now, on the downswing, as the body moves to the left and the right shoulder is automatically lowered, this causes the pane of glass to be shifted into a different position. Its lateral axis is no longer in line with the line of flight. It points slightly to the right of the target. (The pane is also tilted so that the leading edge is raised off the ground.) WHEN THE GOLFER IS ON THIS CORRECT DOWNSWING PLANE, HE HAS TO HIT FROM THE INSIDE OUT. When he hits from the inside out, he can get maximum strength into his swing and obtain maximum clubhead speed. Moreover, he has no need to compensate in any way or at any stage of his swing. (Not to get ahead of the story, but if a golfer starts his downswing incorrectly with his shoulders or hands and not with his hips, he cannot get onto the proper plane or hit from the inside out. However, if he starts down correctly by turning his hips, he’s all set. He’s got to hit from the inside out. He’s practically the “captive” of his own good swing.)
当他在下杆开始时将臀部转回左侧时，他就会在这第二个平面上--而不会想到他在改变平面。这将使他的身体向左移动，并自动降低右肩。大家应该还记得，在介绍上杆平面时，我们曾建议球手--读者想象一下，在发球时，他的头正从一块巨大的玻璃上的一个洞中伸出来，而这块玻璃从球斜上方靠在他的肩膀上。现在，在下杆过程中，当身体向左移动，右肩自动下垂时，会导致这块玻璃移到另一个位置。它的横向轴线不再与飞行路线保持一致。它略微指向目标的右侧。(当高尔夫球手处于这种正确的下降平面时，他必须从内向外击球。当他从内向外击球时，他就能在挥杆中获得最大的力量，并获得最大的杆头速度。此外，他在挥杆的任何阶段都无需进行任何补偿。(我并不是想多说，但如果高尔夫球手在开始下杆时用肩或手而不是用臀部的动作不正确，他就无法进入正确的挥杆平面或从内向外挥杆。但是，如果他通过转动髋部正确地开始下杆，那么他就万事大吉了。他必须从内向外击球。他实际上是自己良好挥杆的 "俘虏"）。

The backswing plane, as seen from a top-view position. At the top of the backswing, the left arm should incline at the exact angle of the plane.
从俯视位置看到的上杆平面。在上杆顶点，左臂的倾斜角度应与该平面完全一致。
The arm brushes against the glass pane
手臂擦过玻璃窗

The golfer gets on the downswing plane when he turns his hips to the left to initiate the downswing. The plane for the downswing is inclined at a shallower angle than the plane of the backswing, and its lateral axis points slightly to the right of the golfer’s target
当球手向左转髋启动下杆动作时，就进入了下杆平面。下杆平面的倾斜角度比上杆平面小，其横向轴线略微指向球手目标的右侧。

To check if a golfer remains on his plane during his backswing, I stand behind him (facing down his line of flight) and slant my forearm and hand along the line of what would be his correct plane. When he swings back, I can then observe whether he stays on his plane, drops below it or lifts his arms above the plane
为了检查球手在上杆时是否保持在自己的平面上，我会站在他身后（面向他的飞行路线），将我的前臂和手沿着他正确的平面线倾斜。当他向后挥杆时，我就可以观察到他是保持在平面上，还是低于平面，或者手臂抬起高于平面。

While it is dynamically important for a golfer not to depart from his plane at any time during the second part of his swing, being consciously attentive to it does not help him the way a consciousness of his backswing plane promotes a fine, functional backswing. Consequently, my advice would be to know that this downswing plane exists and have it at the back of your mind but to concentrate chiefly on making the one or two key movements which will really do something for you on the downswing.
虽然在挥杆的后半段，球手在任何时候都不能偏离自己的挥杆平面，这一点在动态上非常重要，但有意识地关注它并不能帮助球手，就像意识到自己的上杆平面能促进精细、实用的上杆一样。因此，我的建议是知道下杆平面的存在，并将其牢记于心，但将主要精力集中在做一两个关键动作上，这些动作将在下杆中真正发挥作用。

THE HIPS INITIATE THE DOWNSWING. They are the pivotal element in the chain action. Starting them first and moving them correctly - this one action practically makes the downswing. It creates early speed. It transfers the weight from the right foot to the left foot. It takes the hips out of the way and gives your arms plenty of room to pass. It funnels your force forward toward your objective. It puts you in a strong hitting position where the big muscles in the back and the muscles in the shoulders, arms and hands are properly delayed so that they can produce their maximum performance at the right time and place.
髋部启动下杆。它们是整个动作链中的关键因素。首先启动并正确移动髋部--这一个动作实际上决定了下杆动作。它创造了早期速度。将重心从右脚转移到左脚。让臀部不再受阻，给双臂留出足够的传球空间。它将你的力量向前引向目标。它使你处于一个强有力的击球位置，使背部的大肌肉和肩部、手臂和手部的肌肉得到适当的延缓，这样它们就能在正确的时间和地点发挥最大的作用。

To begin the downswing, TURN YOUR HIPS BACK TO THE LEFT. THERE MUST BE ENOUGH LATERAL MOTION FORWARD TO TRANSFER THE WEIGHT TO THE LEFT FOOT. The path the hips take on the downswing is not the exact same path they traveled as they were turned on the backswing. On the downswing, their “arc” should be a trifle wider - both as regards the amount of lateral motion and the amount of eventual rotation around to the rear.
开始下杆时，将臀部转向左侧。必须有足够的横向前移动作将重心转移到左脚。髋部在下杆时所走的路线与上杆时所走的路线并不完全相同。在下杆时，髋部的 "弧线 "应该更宽一些--无论是横向运动量还是最终向后方旋转的幅度。

This turning of the hips is activated by several sets of muscles which work together. THE CONTRACTED MUSCLES OF THE LEFT HIP AND THE MUSCLES ALONG THE INSIDE OF THE LEFT THIGH START TO SPIN THE LEFT HIP AROUND TO THE LEFT. AT ONE AND THE SAME TIME, THE MUSCLES OF THE RIGHT HIP AND THE MUSCLES OF THE RIGHT THIGH - BOTH THE INSIDE AND THE POWERFUL OUTSIDE THIGH MUSCLES-START TO MOVE THE RIGHT HIP FORWARD. In order for them to do this work, these muscles must be stretched taut with tension that is just waiting for the golfer’s signal to be released. This tension is built up on the backswing by retarding the hips but rotating the shoulders fully around. If you permit the hips to turn too much on the backswing, this tension and torsion are lost and then there’s nothing to start them forward.
臀部的转动是由几组肌肉共同作用激活的。收缩的左髋部肌肉和左大腿内侧肌肉开始将左髋部向左旋转。与此同时，右髋部肌肉和右大腿肌肉（包括大腿内侧肌肉和强有力的外侧肌肉）开始向前移动右髋部。为了完成这项工作，这些肌肉必须绷得紧紧的，就等着高尔夫球手发出释放的信号。这种张力是在上杆时通过臀部后退但肩部充分旋转来建立的。如果你允许臀部在上杆时转动太多，这种张力和扭转就会消失，然后就没有什么东西可以让它们向前了。
IMAGINE THAT, AT ADDRESS, ONE END OF AN ELASTIC STRIP IS FASTENED TO A WALL DIRECTLY BEHIND YOUR LEFT HIP
想象一下，在讲话时，弹力带的一端固定在你左臀部正后方的墙上

AND THAT THE OTHER END IS FASTENED TO YOUR LEFT HIPBONE. AS THE SHOULDERS TURN THE HIPS ON THE BACKSWING, THE ELASTIC IS STRETCHED WITH INCREASED TENSION. WHEN YOU START TURNING THE HIPS TO THE LEFT, THE ELASTIC WILL SNAP BACK TO THE LEFT WITH TREMENDOUS SPEED. Same thing with the hips. The greater the tension, the faster you can move them. The faster the hips move, the better. They can’t go too fast.
另一端固定在左侧髋骨上。当肩膀在上杆时转动髋部时，松紧带会被拉伸，张力增加。当您开始向左转髋时，松紧带会以极快的速度向左弹回。髋部也是一样。张力越大，移动速度越快。臀部移动得越快越好。不能太快。

The movement of the hips inaugurates a whole chain of actions. Tied in with the hips, the left leg begins to break back to the left and the left knee turns a bit toward the target. Starting the hips back also takes the pressure off the right leg, and as this happens, the weight flows to the left leg. The right knee breaks in, definitely, toward the target, boosting the mounting velocity of the swing. This is, in truth, what each element does as it joins in the downswing: IT ADDS ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE MULTIPLYING SPEED GENERATED BY THIS COHESIVE MOVEMENT OF THE BODY, LEGS AND ARMS TOWARD THE TARGET. THIS SPEED MULTIPLIES THE GOLFER’S POWER 10 TIMES OVER. IN THE CHAIN ACTION OF THE SWING, THE SHOULDERS AND UPPER PART OF THE BODY CONDUCT THIS MULTIPLYING POWER INTO THE ARMS … THE ARMS MULTIPLY IT AGAIN AND PASS IT ON TO THE HANDS … THE HANDS MULTIPLY IT IN TURN … AND, AS A RESULT, THE CLUBHEAD IS SIMPLY TEARING THROUGH THE AIR AT AN INCREDIBLE SPEED AS IT DRIVES THROUGH THE BALL. ALL
髋部的移动开启了一连串的动作。在髋部的带动下，左腿开始向左后撤，左膝向目标方向稍稍转动。髋部开始后退也减轻了右腿的压力，此时，重心流向左腿。右膝肯定会向目标方向收紧，从而提高挥杆的速度。事实上，这就是每个元素在加入下杆时的作用：它为身体、双腿和双臂向目标的凝聚运动所产生的倍增速度做出了自己的贡献。这种速度使高尔夫球手的力量倍增 10 倍。在挥杆的链式动作中，肩部和上半身将这种倍增力量传导到手臂......手臂再次将其倍增并传递给双手......双手又将其倍增......结果，杆头以惊人的速度在空中撕裂，穿过球体。所有

The surest way to wreck this remarkable machinery is to start the downswing with the hands instead of with the hips. Nearly all poor players do. By starting down with the hands, they kill their chance for a good shot then and there. They check the rotation of the hips, and if a golfer stops his hip rotation, he’s bound to force the whole upper part of his body way outside the proper line. Committed then to bringing the club into the ball from the outside in, he almost invariably slices his shot, for his club has to cut across the proper line. If he doesn’t slice, he pulls his shot far to the left as he struggles to offset his usual error. If the average golfer will only start his downswing with his hips, what a world of difference this will make in his swing and his shots, not to mention his score!
破坏这一非凡机器的最可靠方法就是用手而不是用臀部开始下杆。几乎所有糟糕的球员都会这么做。他们用手开始下杆，就等于扼杀了打出好球的机会。他们会检查髋部的转动，如果球手停止髋部转动，势必会迫使整个上半身偏离正确的路线。这样一来，由于球杆要从外向内击球，他几乎总是会切杆，因为球杆必须穿过适当的线。如果他不削球，他就会把球向左拉得很远，因为他要努力抵消他通常的错误。如果普通球手只用臀部开始下杆，那么他的挥杆和击球效果将大不一样，更不用说成绩了！

Initiating the downswing with the hips is of such critical importance that many top-rung golfers, sensing that their timing will be better accommodated, start to turn their hips to the left a fraction of a second before the club reaches the top of the backswing. There’s nothing wrong with this. It amounts to a permissible personal modification and it underlines, if anything, the salient fact that under no condition should the downswing be inaugurated by the hands. Let me put this even more strongly: THE MAIN THING FOR THE NOVICE OR THE AVERAGE GOLFER IS TO KEEP ANY CONSCIOUS HAND ACTION OUT OF HIS SWING. THE CORRECT SWING IS FOUNDED ON CHAIN ACTION, AND IF YOU USE THE HANDS WHEN YOU SHOULDN’T, YOU PREVENT THIS CHAIN ACTION.
用臀部启动下杆非常重要，以至于许多高水平球手为了更好地掌握时机，在球杆到达上杆顶点前几分之一秒就开始将臀部转向左侧。这并没有什么不妥。这只是一种允许的个人改动，而且还强调了一个突出的事实，即在任何情况下，下杆都不应由手来启动。让我更坚定地指出这一点：对于新手或普通球手来说，最重要的是在挥杆过程中不要有意识地使用手的动作。正确的挥杆建立在连锁动作的基础上，如果你在不该用手的时候用了手，你就阻止了这种连锁动作。

What $do$$do$dod o the hands do? The answer is they do nothing active until after the arms have moved on the downswing to a position just above the level of the hips. The arms don’t propel this motion themselves. They are carried down by the movement of the hips. To understand just how the hands and arms get this “free ride,” pick up a club, swing it back, and hold your position at the top of the backswing. Now, forgetting about your hands and arms entirely, start to move your hips back to the left, in comparative slow motion. Now look where your hands are. This movement of the hips has automatically carried them down from the top - quite a good ways down, in fact, so that they are just about at hip level. In this position, tied in as they are with the body’s ever-building speed and power, the arms and hands should feel absolutely loaded with power. Everything you did from the grip on was calculated to get you
$do$$do$dod o 手在做什么？答案是，在下杆时手臂移动到髋部上方的位置之前，它们什么也不做。手臂本身并不推动这一动作。它们是被臀部的运动带向下的。要想了解手和手臂是如何 "搭便车 "的，请拿起一根球杆，向后挥杆，并保持上杆顶点的位置。现在，完全忘记你的双手和双臂，开始向左后方移动你的臀部，以比较缓慢的动作进行。现在看看你的手在哪里。髋部的这一动作会自动将手从顶部向下移动--事实上，已经向下移动了很远，这样手就差不多与髋部齐平了。在这个位置上，随着身体速度和力量的不断提升，手臂和双手应该会感觉充满力量。从握把开始，你所做的一切都是为了让你
into this position. You cannot simulate this position or arrive at it by leaving out one of the integrated steps. Only if they have carried out the fundamental movements will the correct parts of the body be correctly interpoised at this critical time in the swing to pick up this terrific load of energy and deliver it.
进入这个位置。你无法模拟这种姿势，也无法通过省略其中一个综合步骤来达到这种姿势。只有在完成基本动作后，身体的正确部位才能在挥杆的关键时刻正确地相互配合，从而汲取并传递巨大的能量。

The turning of the hips inaugurates the downswing. This movement of the hips automatically lowers the arms and hands to a position just above hip level
转髋开启下杆动作。髋部的这一动作会自动降低手臂和双手的位置，使其刚好与髋部齐平

When he has inaugurated his downswing by turning his hips, a golfer suddenly becomes aware of his tremendous stored-up power
当高尔夫球手转动臀部开始下杆时，他会突然意识到自己积蓄了巨大的力量

THE BALL. On a full drive, I try to hit the ball hard, sometimes as hard as I can. On other shots where the premium on distance is not so high, I try to hit the ball as hard as the particular shot warrants. I don’t give as much as a passing thought to how the face of my club will contact the ball. That’s all been taken care of before, at address and during the waggle. Consciously trying to control the face of the club at impact is folly. You cannot time such a delicate and devilish thing. It happens too fast, much too fast.
球在全速前进时，我会尽量用力击球，有时甚至是竭尽全力。在其他对距离要求不高的击球中，我会尽量用力击球。我不会过多地考虑球杆的杆面如何与球接触。这在击球前、击球时和挥杆时都已经考虑到了。在击球时有意识地控制杆面是愚蠢的。你不可能把握住这种微妙而又魔鬼般的事情。它发生得太快，快得多。

As I explain to my audiences at golf clinics, the correct hitting motion is one unbroken thrust from the beginning of the downswing to the end of the follow-through. I point out also that I think of only two things: starting the hips back and then hitting just as hard as I can with the upper part of my body, my arms and my hands, in that order. When I expound this one-piece hit-through action, I generally experience two main types of reactions from the members of a clinic audience. The first is a kind of polite skepticism which might be put into words like this: “I bet there’s more to it. Nothing could be that simple. There has to be more conscious technique at impact. That’s the inside dope which the pros never tell us outsiders.” The second type of reaction is sort of a misguided cynicism which might go something like this: “Sure, if you’re a pro and have practically eaten your lunch on the practice tee for 20 years, then, maybe, everything has become so second nature that you
正如我在高尔夫培训班上向听众解释的那样，正确的击球动作是从下杆开始到跟杆结束的一个不间断的推杆动作。我还指出，我只考虑两件事：臀部开始向后，然后用上半身、双臂和双手依次用力击球。当我阐述这种一气呵成的击打动作时，门诊听众一般会有两种主要反应。第一种是一种礼貌性的怀疑，可以这样说"我敢打赌，这里面肯定有更多的东西。事情不可能这么简单。一定有更多有意识的技巧在起作用。这才是内幕，专业选手从来不会告诉我们这些外行人"。第二种反应是一种被误导的愤世嫉俗，可能是这样的："当然，如果你是职业选手，20 年来几乎都是在练习台上吃午饭，那么，也许一切都已经成为第二天性，以至于你
don’t have to think of anything but hitting through with all your beef. Hogan’s explanation of what he does is O.K. for Hogan, but it will probably do us average golfers as much good as if Bob Richards were to tell us that pole-vaulting is really nothing at all - once you have pushed off from your pole and are 14 feet or so in the air, all you have to do is to roll over the bar, neatly.” I can understand these reactions but they are simply not accurate reflections of the facts. I would not be undertaking these lessons, for example, if I were not genuinely convinced that the average golfer has the requisite physical ability to use the same methods fundamentally that all the top golfers use. The average golfer’s problem is not so much a lack of ability as it is a lack of knowing what he should do.
你什么都不用想，只需用尽全力打过去。霍根对他所做事情的解释对霍根来说没有问题，但对我们这些普通高尔夫球手来说，可能就像鲍勃-理查兹告诉我们撑杆跳根本不算什么--一旦你从杆子上推下去，在 14 英尺左右的空中，你所要做的就是利落地滚过横杆一样"。我能理解这些反应，但它们根本不能准确反映事实。举例来说，如果我不是真心相信普通高尔夫球手具备必要的体能，能够从根本上使用所有顶级高尔夫球手所使用的方法，我就不会上这些课。普通高尔夫球手的问题与其说是能力不足，不如说是不知道自己应该怎么做。

Once a player reaches that phase of the downswing where his hands are at about the level of his hips - the start of the impact segment of the swing, we might term it - if he has performed the swing correctly up to that point, he is so set up that he instinctively hits through the ball and follows through correctly. You can’t keep from doing it right. It helps a golfer, nonetheless, to have a clear idea of what the arms and the hands actually do during this climactic part of the swing. Then he can practice these movements, and if he practices them intelligently, he is certain to improve his skill in executing them.
一旦球员到达下杆阶段，双手与臀部处于同一水平线上，也就是我们常说的挥杆撞击段的起始点，如果他在此之前的挥杆动作正确无误，那么他就会做好充分准备，本能地击穿球并正确地跟进。你无法不这样做。尽管如此，清楚地知道手臂和双手在挥杆的这一高潮部分究竟在做什么，对球手还是有帮助的。然后，他就可以练习这些动作，如果练习得巧妙，就一定能提高执行这些动作的技巧。

In its general character, the correct motion of the right arm and hand in the impact area resembles the motion an infielder makes when he throws half sidearm, half underhand to first after fielding a ground ball. As the
就其一般特征而言，右臂和手在击球区的正确动作类似于内野手在击出地滚球后半侧手半下手投向一垒时的动作。由于
right arm swings forward, the right elbow is very close to the right hip and “leads” the arm - it is the part of the arm nearest target
右臂向前摆动，右肘非常靠近右臀部并 "引领 "手臂--这是手臂离目标最近的部分

As in the old two-hand basketball pass, the left arm and hand lead the right arm and hand. Be sure you hit through with the left as hard as with the right
就像以前的双手篮球传球一样，左臂和手带动右臂和手。确保左手和右手一样用力击打球门

Let us first study the correct motion of the right arm and hand in the impact area. It has always seemed to me that, in its general character, this motion is quite similar to the one an infielder makes when he throws half underhand, half sidearm to first after scooping up a ground ball. As he swings his arm forward, his right elbow is very close to his right hip. The elbow “leads” the arm - it is the part of the arm nearest the target as he begins to make the throw. The forearm and hand catch up with the elbow, and the player’s arm is extended relatively straight when he releases the ball. As he follows through, the wrist and hand gradually turn over, and his palm faces the ground at the finish of his followthrough.
让我们先来研究一下右臂和手在击球区的正确动作。在我看来，这个动作的一般特征与内野手在捞起一个地滚球后，半暗手半侧手投向一垒时的动作十分相似。当他向前挥臂时，右肘非常靠近右臀部。肘部 "引领 "手臂--当他开始投球时，肘部是手臂离目标最近的部分。前臂和手跟上肘部，球员在释放球时手臂相对伸直。当他跟进时，手腕和手逐渐翻转，在跟进结束时手掌朝向地面。

On a full shot you want to hit the ball as hard as you can with your right hand. But this is only half the story. HIT THE BALL AS HARD AS YOU CAN WITH BOTH HANDS. The left is a power hand, too. If you hit hard with only the right and let the left go to sleep, you will not only lose much valuable power, you also will run into all the errors that result when the right hand overpowers the left. YOU MUST HIT AS HARD WITH THE LEFT AS WITH THE RIGHT.
全力击球时，右手要尽可能用力击球。但这只是成功的一半。双手都要尽可能用力击球。左手也是一个发力手。如果你只用右手用力击球，而让左手沉睡，那么你不仅会失去很多宝贵的力量，还会出现右手压倒左手而导致的各种失误。你必须用左手和右手一样用力击球。

What is the correct integrated motion the two arms and hands make as they approach the ball and hit through it? What does it feel like as it is happening? Well, if there is any motion in sports which it resembles, it is the old two-handed basketball pass, from the right side of the body. As the player enters the impact area and the hands start to pass the right hip,
两臂和双手在接近球并击穿球时的正确综合动作是什么？做这个动作时感觉如何？好吧，如果说体育运动中有什么动作与之相似，那就是从身体右侧进行的老式双手篮球传球。当球员进入撞击区，双手开始穿过右侧臀部时、
it is almost as if his hands were holding a ball as they move toward the target, the left arm and hand leading, the right arm and hand following - positioned just the way they are on the shaft. The ball is about the size of the two hands. It is a heavy ball, heavy in the way a small-sized medicine ball would be. It takes muscle to throw it hard. Straight ahead of the player, maybe four or five yards ahead down his line of flight, stands a fairly large target. The center of the target is about the same height from the ground as the player’s belt buckle. As he shifts his weight from his right foot to his left to get all his power into his throw, the player flings the ball at the target just as hard as he can, whipping the ball with both arms and both hands, since he can throw it harder and more accurately that way. He wants that ball to travel on a line and smash into the center of the target so emphatically that it will knock the bull’s-eye right off it. (The forcefulness of this effort carries the player all the way around in his follow-through.)
他的双手几乎就像拿着一个球一样，左臂和手在前，右臂和手在后，朝着目标移动--就像他们在球杆上的位置一样。球的大小与两只手差不多。球很重，就像小号药球一样重。用力抛球需要肌肉。在球员的正前方，也就是飞行路线的前方四五码处，矗立着一个相当大的目标。目标的中心距离地面的高度与球员的皮带扣差不多。球员将重心从右脚移到左脚，将所有力量都注入投掷，然后用双臂和双手将球用力抛向目标，因为这样可以更用力、更准确地投掷。他要让球沿着一条线飞行，然后猛烈地砸向目标的中心，将靶心砸出一个大窟窿。(这种力度会让球员在后续动作中一直保持这种状态）。

The great value, as I see it, of thinking in terms of this joint twohand action is that it keeps the left hand driving all the time. During this climactic part of the swing, the left wrist and the back of the left hand begin to supinate very slightly - that is, to turn from a position where the palm is down to a position where the palm is up. They continue to supinate throughout the rest of the swing. The sequence drawings shown here describe the exact nature of this gradual supination much more clearly than words can.
在我看来，以这种双手联合动作的方式进行思考的最大价值在于，它能让左手始终保持驱动力。在挥杆的这一高潮部分，左手腕和左手背开始轻微上翘，即从掌心向下的位置转到掌心向上的位置。在挥杆的剩余过程中，它们会继续上翻。这里展示的顺序图比文字描述更清楚地描述了这种逐渐上翘的确切性质。

In the sequence, there is one position of such signal importance that it warrants closeup study. This is the position of the left wrist and hand at the actual moment of impact.
在这个序列中，有一个位置的信号非常重要，值得仔细研究。这就是在实际撞击瞬间左手腕和手掌的位置。

AT IMPACT THE BACK OF THE LEFT HAND FACES TOWARD YOUR TARGET. THE WRIST BONE IS DEFINITELY RAISED. IT POINTS TO THE TARGET AND, AT THE MOMENT THE BALL IS CONTACTED, IT IS OUT IN FRONT, NEARER TO THE TARGET THAN ANY PART OF THE HAND. When the left wrist is in this position, the left hand will not check or interrupt the speed with which your clubhead is traveling. There’s no danger either that the right hand will overpower the left and twist the club over. It can’t. As far as applying power goes, I wish that I had three right hands!
击球时，左手手背朝向目标。腕骨明显抬起。腕骨指向目标，在接触球的瞬间，腕骨位于前方，比手的任何部位都更接近目标。当左手腕处于这个位置时，左手不会限制或干扰杆头的飞行速度。也不会出现右手压倒左手，将球杆扭转的危险。不会的。就发力而言，我希望我有三只右手！

Every good golfer has his left wrist in this supinating position at impact. Every poor golfer does the exact reverse. As his club comes into the ball, he starts to pronate the left wrist - to turn it so that the palm will be facing down.
每一位优秀的高尔夫球手在击球时，左手腕都会处于这种上翘的位置。而差的球手则恰恰相反。当球杆进球时，他的左手腕开始前伸--转动左手腕，使手掌朝下。

When a golfer’s left wrist begins to pronate just before impact, it changes his arc: it shortens it drastically and makes the pitch of his upswing altogether too steep and constricted. At the very point in the swing in which he should be increasing the speed of his hands, by pronating he slows them down. Instead of accelerating and picking up speed on the way down and having great speed at impact, he has expended all his speed before he hits the ball. Letting the left wrist and hand pronate brings on a multitude of other things, none of them good. By changing his arc and plane, for example, the poor player frequently catches the ball too low on the blade and skulls it, or he hits back of the ball. If the face of the club is open, he gets a big scoop slice. If it’s closed, he pulls as well as hooks - the ball never starts on its intended line. By pronating, in short, he never has a chance to get that “sweet feeling.” It’s just impossible.
当高尔夫球手的左手腕在击球前开始前旋时，他的弧线就会发生变化：弧线急剧缩短，上杆的角度变得过于陡峭和狭窄。在挥杆过程中，他的双手本应加快速度，但却因为前旋而放慢了速度。他没有在下杆时加速和提速，也没有在击球时获得巨大的速度，而是在击球前就消耗掉了所有的速度。让左手腕和左手前伸还会带来许多其他问题，但都不是好事。例如，通过改变弧线和平面，差劲的球手经常会把球打得太低，或者打到球的背面。如果杆面是开的，他就会打出一个大铲切球。如果杆面是闭合的，他就会拉球和勾球--球永远不会在预定路线上起动。简而言之，通过前倾，他永远没有机会获得那种 "甜美的感觉"。这是不可能的。

The downswing arc of the golfer who pronates practically retraces the pattern of his backswing arc, and the downswing should not be a retrace of the backswing. Supinating, on the other hand, sets up a number of extremely desirable actions. It helps the player to develop a properly wide forward arc. It puts him in a position where his arms are well extended at impact and will be fully extended just after impact as they swing out toward his objective. The wider his arc, the more room he has in which to build up clubhead speed, the prime factor behind distance.
上杆时的下杆弧线实际上是上杆弧线的翻版，而下杆不应该是上杆弧线的翻版。反之，上举则会产生一些非常理想的动作。它能帮助球员形成适当宽的前挥杆弧线。它能让球员在击球时双臂充分伸展，并在击球后双臂向目标挥出时充分伸展。弧线越宽，他就有越多的空间来提高杆头速度，而杆头速度是距离的首要因素。

The left wrist begins to supinate at impact. The raised wristbone points to the target
左手腕在撞击时开始上举。抬起的腕骨指向目标

By pronating his left wrist just before impact, a golfer expends his clubhead speed before he strikes the ball, restricts the arc of his swing, opens himself to making numerous other errors
在击球前左手腕前伸，高尔夫球手在击球前就消耗了杆头速度，限制了挥杆弧度，使自己容易犯其他许多错误。

Supination builds distance and accuracy in other ways. For one thing, it helps you to strike the ball absolutely clean, before the club
上翘还能通过其他方式增加击球距离和准确性。首先，它能帮助你在击球前将球打得干净利落。
takes turf. (This is why when you see a good pro hit a ball, there is a real sweet crack at contact and the ball takes off like a bullet. If you first contact the ball right, then almost automatically you’ll take turf right, past the ball.) Second, since this slight supination action places the hands a shade ahead of the clubhead at impact, some loft is subtracted from the face of the club. (That’s why you marvel at the distance topnotch players can hit the ball. They actually turn a five-iron into a four-iron. The pronating golfer does just the opposite. He increases the loft of his blade. He makes a seven-iron out of his five-iron.)
草皮。(这就是为什么当你看到一个优秀的职业选手击球时，在接触时会有一个非常甜美的裂缝，球会像子弹一样飞出去）。如果你首先向右触球，那么你几乎会自动向右移动草皮，越过球）。其次，由于这种轻微的上翘动作会在击球时将双手置于杆头前方，因此会从杆面减去一些倾角。(这就是为什么你会惊叹于顶级球员的击球距离。他们实际上是把五号铁杆变成了四号铁杆。代角型球手的做法恰恰相反。他增加了球杆的倾角。他把五号铁杆变成了七号铁杆）。

Every good golfer supinates his left wrist. It is a “must.” Of all the players I’ve seen, Jimmy Demaret undoubtedly emphasizes this action the most. You can’t supinate the left wrist more pronouncedly than Jimmy does. When you watch Demaret, you get the feeling that he is really lashing the ball with the back of his left hand. It goes a long way to explain Jimmy’s longevity as a first-class player, not to mention his ability to play the ball low and control it under very windy conditions that blow other men all over the course. This supination action, it should be added, also enables you to get maximum grip, maximum backspin on the ball. It is the explanation behind the most amazing shot in the modern pro’s repertoire: the low-flying wedge that looks like it was skulled but which bites immediately when it hits the green and then spins itself out close to where it landed.
每个优秀的高尔夫球手都会将左手腕上举。这是 "必须 "的。在我见过的所有球手中，吉米-德马雷无疑是最强调这个动作的。你不可能比吉米更明显地上举左手腕。当你观察迪马雷特时，你会感觉到他真的是在用左手背击球。这在很大程度上解释了吉米为何能成为一流球手，更不用说他能在大风环境下将球打得很低并控制住球，将其他人吹得满场飞。需要补充的是，这种上翘动作还能让你获得最大的抓球力和最大的后旋。这也是现代职业球员最令人惊叹的一杆的原因：低飞挖起杆，看起来像被颅骨砸中，但击中果岭后立即咬住，然后在靠近落点的地方旋转。

When you are playing chips, pitches, trap shots and other strokes near and around the green, the hands should function the same as they do on a full swing. With the obvious exception of the explosion trap shot, remember that you contact the ball first. Hit the ball on the downswing and hit right on through the ball. The club face supplies the loft. Supination helps you supply a correct stroke: not a downward chop or an upward scoop but a golf swing with as much coordination as a full shot.
当您在果岭附近或周围进行切球、投球、陷阱球和其他击球时，双手的功能应与完全挥杆时相同。除了明显的爆炸陷阱球之外，记住首先要接触球。在下杆时击球，直接击穿球。杆面提供倾角。上杆帮助你做出正确的挥杆动作：不是向下劈或向上舀，而是像完全挥杆一样协调地挥杆。

There are a few other points related to the impact area and the follow-through that we should discuss now. Most of these points concern themselves with correct positions - positions which a good golfer moves into naturally if he starts his downswing by turning his hips and then simply hits through to the finish of his swing in one unified motion. As you practice, don’t try to force yourself into these positions. They’re part and parcel of the chain action. You’ll move into them if you execute the fundamentals properly. By touching on these points, though, I think we can clear up quite a few popular misconceptions about the golf swing
我们现在应该讨论与击球区域和击球动作有关的其他一些要点。这些要点大多与正确的姿势有关--如果一个优秀的高尔夫球手在开始下杆时转动臀部，然后以一个统一的动作完成挥杆，那么他就会自然而然地进入这些姿势。在练习时，不要强迫自己进入这些姿势。它们是连锁动作的一部分。只要你正确地执行基本动作，你就会进入这些状态。通过以上几点，我想我们可以澄清一些关于高尔夫挥杆的普遍误解
and implant more firmly correct positive ideas that you can use as guides and check points as you practice and play.
并植入更牢固正确的积极理念，让你在练习和游戏时将其作为指导和检查点。

To start with, most golfers - whether or not they actually achieve it in their swings - have the mistaken idea that at the moment of impact both arms should be straightened out their full length. This, of course, isn’t right. AT IMPACT THE RIGHT ARM IS STILL BENT SLIGHTLY. On the downswing the right arm gradually straightens out as it comes into the ball, but it isn’t until the clubhead is two feet or so past the ball that it straightens out completely. At this point, the left arm is also straight - the one and only time in the swing that both arms are fully extended. After this, led by the supinating left wrist, the left arm begins to fold in at the elbow, like the right arm does on the backswing. As for the right arm, it remains straight, right on through to the finish of the swing, as the left arm does on the backswing. At the finish of the swing - again this is like the backswing reversed - the left elbow points directly to the ground, and the top of the player’s right shoulder hits up against his chin. My chin hits the shoulder about an inch from the end of the shoulder.
首先，大多数高尔夫球手--无论他们在挥杆时是否真正做到了这一点--都有一个错误的想法，那就是在击球的瞬间，两臂应该完全伸直。这当然是不对的。在击球时，右臂仍然略微弯曲。下杆时，右臂随着击球逐渐伸直，但直到杆头越过球两英尺左右，右臂才完全伸直。此时，左臂也伸直--这是挥杆过程中唯一一次双臂完全伸直。之后，在上举左手腕的带动下，左臂开始在肘部折叠，就像右臂在上杆时一样。右臂保持伸直，直到挥杆结束，就像左臂在上杆时一样。在挥杆结束时--这同样与上杆相反--左肘直接指向地面，球员的右肩顶端顶住下巴。我的下巴在距离肩部末端大约一英寸的地方碰到了肩部。

On the downswing the correct order of movement is hips, shoulders, arms and hands. As each component part enters the swing, it adds its contribution to the multiplying speed generated by this cohesive chainaction movement to the left
下杆时，正确的动作顺序是臀部、肩膀、手臂和手。当每个组成部分进入挥杆动作时，都会为这个连贯的链式动作向左产生的倍增速度做出自己的贡献

AT THAT POINT JUST BEYOND IMPACT WHERE BOTH ARMS ARE STRAIGHT AND EXTENDED THE CLUBHEAD REACHES ITS MAXIMUM SPEED-not at impact. This terrific speed carries the golfer right on around in that big high finish. At the completion of his swing, the player’s belt buckle does not point directly at his target. It should point definitely to the left of his target. If he has gotten all the way through and around with his hips, the hipbones should be squared to the front. THE HIPS LEAD THE SHOULDERS ALL
在撞击之后，两臂伸直伸长，球杆杆头达到最大速度，而不是在撞击时。这种极快的速度将球手带入高远球。挥杆结束时，球手的皮带扣不会直接指向目标。它应该绝对指向目标的左侧。如果他的髋部已经完全通过并绕过了目标，那么髋骨就应该正对前方。胯带肩

THE WAY ON THE DOWNSWING. The shoulders finally catch up with the hips at the end of the swing.
在下挥杆时。挥杆结束时，肩部终于赶上臀部。

As regards the legs, a great many golfers think that classical style prescribes that, at impact and throughout the follow-through, the left leg should be as straight as a stick. Definitely not. If you keep your left leg straight, you prohibit your hips from making their full turn and restrict the whole free flow of your body to the left. When your weight doesn’t get sufficiently transferred to the left, your arc is cramped, and your body, arms and hands cannot release the full power they’re capable of pouring into the shot.
至于腿部，很多高尔夫球手认为，古典式打法规定，在击球和整个击球过程中，左腿应该像木棍一样笔直。绝对不是这样。如果左腿一直伸直，就会阻碍臀部的充分转动，限制身体向左侧的整个自由流动。当你的重心没有充分转移到左侧时，你的弧线就会变得狭窄，你的身体、手臂和双手就无法释放出它们能够倾注到击球中的全部力量。

On a good swing, when the player’s hands are approaching hip level on the downswing, his hips have already reached that point in their turn when they have begun to open - to face down the fairway. (The belt buckle, when the hands are hip high, is about in line with the ball.) The two legs respond to the hip turn on the downswing. The left leg breaks resiliently to the left, and as the bulk of the weight rides forward to the left side of the left foot, the leg bows out toward the target. As for the right leg, as we pointed out earlier, it breaks in at the knee as the hip turn starts.
在一个好的挥杆过程中，当球员的双手在下杆时接近臀部水平时，他的臀部已经到达了开始打开的转折点--面向球道。(当双手处于髋部高位时，腰带扣与球基本在一条直线上）。下杆时，两条腿对转髋做出反应。左腿有弹性地向左侧断开，当大部分重心前移到左脚左侧时，腿向目标方向弯曲。至于右腿，正如我们前面所指出的，当转髋开始时，右腿在膝盖处断裂。

When you’re practicing this lesson, I suggest you spend some time reviewing the backswing plane and devote perhaps a half hour daily to the hip turn and the hit-through movements. Don’t be afraid of swinging too hard. Many golfers are, you know. They figure that unless they restrain their power, they’ll magnify their errors. I see it just the other way. If you are working with muscles that are fully extended on swing after swing, there has to be more uniformity than if your muscles are flexed with varying degrees of tension and so “give” differently on one swing and another.
在练习本课时，我建议你花一些时间复习上杆平面，每天花半个小时练习转髋和击球动作。不要害怕挥杆太用力。许多高尔夫球手都是这样。他们认为如果不抑制力量，就会放大失误。我的看法恰恰相反。如果你的肌肉在挥杆时完全伸展，那么挥杆的均匀性就会比你的肌肉在不同程度的张力下弯曲时要好，因此在一次挥杆和另一次挥杆中的 "给力 "也会不同。

I feel, and I have proved to myself, that I can hit a ball straighter if I hit it hard and full. As a matter of fact, when he is playing a long and testing course, a golfer who has a sound swing wouldn’t mind at all having the physique of a giant. The more power he had at his command, the better he’d feel about it. He’d know how to use it. He’d be so long he’d be shooting back at the greens!
我觉得，而且我也向自己证明了，如果用力打球，就能把球打得更直。事实上，当一个高尔夫球手在漫长而充满挑战的球场上挥杆时，他一点也不介意自己拥有巨人般的体格。他掌握的力量越大，他的感觉就越好。他知道如何使用它。他的身体会变得非常长，可以向果岭回击！

The material presented in this book, as I said at the beginning, amounts to a sifting of the knowledge I have picked up during my 25 years as a professional golfer. I am hopeful that these lessons will accomplish two things. First, I trust they will greatly increase the average player’s enjoyment of this incredibly fascinating game by enabling him to become a real golfer with a sound, powerful, repeating swing. I feel sure they will do this for any player who gains a clear understanding of the fundamental movements (which we went into in the first four lessons) and who will then continue to practice and familiarize himself with these fundamentals throughout this golf season. In this final chapter we will be putting the whole swing together as we review these modern fundamentals of golf.
正如我在开头所说，本书所介绍的内容是我在 25 年职业高尔夫球手生涯中所积累的知识的总结。我希望这些课程能达到两个目的。首先，我相信它们能让普通球手成为一名真正的高尔夫球手，拥有合理、有力、重复的挥杆动作，从而大大增加普通球手对这项无比迷人的运动的乐趣。我确信，对于任何一个对基本动作（我们在前四课中已经讲过）有了清晰认识，并在整个高尔夫赛季中不断练习和熟悉这些基本动作的球手来说，它们都能做到这一点。在最后一章中，我们将在回顾这些现代高尔夫基本动作的同时，将整个挥杆动作整合在一起。

And second - I hope that these lessons will serve as a body of knowledge that will lead to further advances in our understanding of the golf swing. Every year we learn a little more about golf. Each new chunk of valid knowledge paves the way to greater knowledge. Golf is like medicine and the other fields of science in this respect. In another 15 years, just as there will be many new discoveries in medicine based on and made possible by present-day strides, we will similarly have refined and extended our present-day knowledge of golf. A golfer, as I see it, has 15 or 20 really productive years - years in which his efforts to realize his full potential as a golfer lead him to speculate about and experiment with every phase of technique, continuously and intensively. He can only find out so much. There are only so many days in a week and only so much daylight in a day. Had I , as a young man starting out in professional golf in 1931, known then what I have managed to learn by 1957 and been able to start my experimentation at this more advanced point, I would have been privileged to have possibly made more advanced contributions during my best productive years. Other younger men will have that immense pleasure and privilege.
其次，我希望这些课程能成为一个知识体系，从而进一步加深我们对高尔夫挥杆的理解。我们每年都会对高尔夫有更多的了解。每一块新的有效知识都会为更多的知识铺平道路。在这方面，高尔夫就像医学和其他科学领域一样。再过 15 年，就像医学领域会有许多新发现是基于当今的进步并使之成为可能一样，我们同样会完善并扩展我们当今对高尔夫的认识。在我看来，一个高尔夫球手有 15 年或 20 年的时间是真正富有成效的--在这段时间里，为了充分发挥自己作为高尔夫球手的潜能，他需要不断地、深入地揣摩和试验每一个阶段的技术。他只能发现这么多。一周只有那么多天，一天只有那么多日光。如果我在 1931 年还是一个初涉职业高尔夫球坛的年轻人，当时就知道我在 1957 年所学到的东西，并能在这个更先进的阶段开始我的实验，我就会有幸在我最有成就的岁月里做出更先进的贡献。其他更年轻的人也会有这样的荣幸。

I find it is helpful if I jot down after practicing exactly what I have been working on and precisely how it was coming along
我发现，如果我在练习后准确地记下我的练习内容和进展情况，会很有帮助

I was thinking the other day, “What a long time I have been learning about golf!” I must have been about 13 when I started to work on my game conscientiously. I was caddying then at the Glen Garden club in Fort Worth, and I took a member named Ed Stewart as my model. A very fine amateur, Stewart was a workingman who couldn’t afford to play too often, and none of the other boys wanted to become his regular caddy. That suited me fine. I caddied for him whenever he played and studied his swing and his shotmaking technique closely. Then I’d go and compare my swing with his and try to improve mine by copying certain of Stewart’s movements that were obviously correct and desirable.
前几天我在想，"我学习高尔夫的时间可真长！"我大概是在 13 岁时开始有意识地学习高尔夫球的。当时我在沃斯堡的格兰花园俱乐部当球童，以一位名叫埃德-斯图尔特的会员为榜样。斯图尔特是一位非常优秀的业余球手，但他是个工人，没钱经常打球，其他男孩都不愿意成为他的固定球童。这很适合我。只要他打球，我就给他当球童，仔细研究他的挥杆和击球技巧。然后，我会把我的挥杆动作和他的挥杆动作进行比较，并模仿斯图尔特某些明显正确、可取的动作来改进我的挥杆动作。

The first really important change I effected was the action of my left knee. Mine used to shoot straight out when I took the club back. Ed
我做出的第一个真正重要的改变是左膝的动作。以前，当我把球杆收回来时，我的左膝总是直直地伸直。艾德

Stewart’s knee, I noticed, broke in nicely to the right. I practiced correcting my knee action on the lawn at home until there was no lawn left. In the neighborhood where our family lived, each of the houses had a small lawn that was separated from the others by hedges. The grocery store was about six houses or six lawns away. Whenever my mother sent me to the store for a loaf of bread or a pound of butter or whatever it was, I never walked to the store, I always played to it, sometimes chipping from one lawn to the next, sometimes setting the lawn two or three hedges away as my “green,” sometimes hitting to the farthest “green” with a full nine-iron shot - all the time checking my left knee action or whatever phase of my swing I was working on. I doubt if my practice improved the looks of the neighborhood, but it was awfully good for my game.
我注意到，斯图尔特的膝盖很好地向右弯曲。我在家里的草坪上练习纠正膝盖动作，直到没有草坪为止。在我们家所在的社区，每栋房子都有一小块草坪，草坪与其他房子之间用树篱隔开。杂货店离我们家大约有六栋房子或六块草坪。每当母亲让我去商店买一条面包或一磅黄油或其他什么东西时，我从不步行去商店，而是一直在那里打球，有时从一块草坪切到另一块草坪，有时把两三个篱笆外的草坪设为我的 "果岭"，有时用九号铁杆打到最远的 "果岭"--一直在检查我的左膝动作或我正在练习的挥杆的任何阶段。我怀疑我的练习是否改善了社区的面貌，但这对我的球技非常有益。

In golf, you know, you learn some things very early and other things surprisingly late. For example, take just three of the several elements I now regard as absolutely fundamental to any and every good swing: the proper waggle, the proper hip turn, and the proper backswing plane. I came to understand the value of the waggle comparatively early: I was just starting to follow the circuit in 1932 when I learned from observing Johnny Revolta and talking with him that this genius of the short game geared himself for the different demands of each shot around the greens by modifying his waggle to suit that particular shot. Say he had to pop the ball over a bunker and have it put on the brakes immediately. He’d waggle with sharp, staccato, jabby strokes, a “coming attraction” of the stroke he’d use to clip the ball the way it had to be clipped to produce maximum bite. Or say he was pitching the ball to land on a selected point on a slippery green and was going to let the ball trickle the rest of the way to the cup down a side slope. He’d gear himself then with delicate, little pencil-stroke waggles that seemed to be all finger tips. And so on and on - an individual waggle for each different chip shot in his marvelous repertoire. It struck me that it would be a very intelligent thing to use this method of Johnny’s not only for my short shots but to adapt it also for my full shots. I began to do so immediately.
要知道，在高尔夫运动中，有些东西学得很早，有些东西却学得出奇地晚。举例来说，在我现在认为对任何一个好的挥杆动作都绝对重要的几个要素中，有三个要素是最重要的：正确的挥杆动作、正确的转髋动作和正确的上杆平面。我比较早地认识到挥杆的价值：1932年，我刚刚开始关注巡回赛，通过观察约翰尼-雷沃塔（Johnny Revolta）和与他的交谈，我了解到这位短杆天才通过改变挥杆动作来适应果岭上每一杆的不同要求。比方说，他必须把球打到沙坑上，让球立即刹车。他就会用尖锐、噔噔噔的挥杆动作，用 "吸引 "的挥杆动作来夹住球，让球产生最大的咬合力。或者说，他要把球投到湿滑果岭上的一个选定点上，然后让球顺着边坡一路滑到洞杯。这时，他就会用细腻的小铅笔笔触摆动自己的装备，似乎所有的指尖都在摆动。以此类推--在他的绝活中，每一个不同的切球都有不同的挥杆动作。我突然意识到，不仅在我的短杆中使用约翰尼的这种方法，而且在我的全杆中也采用这种方法，这将是一件非常明智的事情。我立即开始这样做。

Not long after this - in the middle 1930s, I would say - I got the correct hip-turn action clear in my mind, mainly from studying newsreel movies of the best golfers in action. It wasn’t until 1938, though, that I grasped the concept of the plane. I’d been thinking sporadically about the plane for some time before that, examining the plane on which the batter swings in baseball and making some tentative suppositions about the
在这之后不久，也就是 20 世纪 30 年代中期，我就在脑海中清晰地记住了正确的转臀动作，这主要是通过学习最好的高尔夫球手的动作新闻片得来的。不过，直到 1938 年，我才掌握了飞机的概念。在此之前的一段时间里，我一直在零星地思考平面的问题，研究棒球击球手挥棒时的平面，并对击球手的挥棒动作做出了一些初步推测。
golfer’s plane. Yet it wasn’t until I really began to worry about the unreliability of my backswing that I was driven to conduct a serious investigation of the plane. Long before I fully understood what the plane did for you and why it worked out that way, I realized that I had hit on something of tremendous significance for me. On the winter circuit, as we traveled from tournament to tournament, I would be up in my hotel room night after night studying my backswing plane in the full-length mirror, trying to memorize it so well I would instinctively swing back the same way time after time.
高尔夫球手的挥杆平面。然而，直到我真正开始担心自己上杆的不稳定性时，我才被驱使去认真研究这个平面。在我还没有完全弄明白这架飞机对你有什么作用以及为什么会有这样的效果时，我就意识到我发现了一件对我来说意义重大的事情。在冬季巡回赛中，当我们从一个比赛巡回到另一个比赛时，我会在酒店房间里夜以继日地对着全身镜研究我的上杆平面，试图将它牢记于心，从而一次又一次本能地以同样的方式挥杆。

In the seasons before the war, as I learned more and more about the golf swing and how to play golf, I enjoyed increasing success on the tournament circuit. Nevertheless, I never felt genuinely confident about my game until 1946. Up to that year, while I knew once I was on the course and playing well that I had the stuff that day to make a good showing, before a round I had no idea whether I’d be 69 or 79 . I felt my game might suddenly go sour on any given morning. I had no assurance that if I was a little off my best form I could still produce a respectable round. My friends on the tour used to tell me that I was silly to worry, that I had a grooved swing and had every reason to have confidence in it. But my self-doubting never stopped. Regardless of how well I was going, I was still concerned about the next day and the next day and the next.
战前的几个赛季，随着我对高尔夫挥杆和打法的了解越来越多，我在巡回赛上取得了越来越大的成功。然而，直到 1946 年，我才真正对自己的球技充满信心。直到那一年，虽然我知道一旦我在球场上打出好成绩，我就有能力在当天取得好成绩，但在打球之前，我却不知道自己的成绩是 69 杆还是 79 杆。我觉得我的球技可能会在任何一个早晨突然变差。我无法保证，如果我的状态稍有偏差，我还能打出一轮可圈可点的比赛。我在巡回赛上的朋友们经常告诉我，我担心是愚蠢的，我的挥杆技术已经炉火纯青，完全有理由对它充满信心。但我的自我怀疑从未停止过。不管我打得有多好，我还是担心第二天、后天、再后天。

In 1946 my attitude suddenly changed. I honestly began to feel that I could count on playing fairly well each time I went out, that there was no practical reason for me to feel I might suddenly “lose it all.” I would guess that what lay behind my new confidence was this: I had stopped trying to do a great many difficult things perfectly because it had become clear in my mind that this ambitious over-thoroughness was neither possible nor advisable, or even necessary. All you needed to groove were the fundamental movements - and there weren’t so many of them. Moreover, they were movements that were basically controllable and so could be executed fairly well whether you happened to be sharp or not so sharp that morning. I don’t know what came first, the chicken or the egg, but at about the same time I began to feel that I had the stuff to play creditable golf even when I was not at my best, my shot making started to take on a new and more stable consistency. THE BASIS FOR THIS PROGRESS, LET ME REPEAT, WAS MY GENUINE CONVICTION THAT ALL THAT IS REALLY REQUIRED TO PLAY GOOD GOLF
1946 年，我的态度突然发生了变化。老实说，我开始觉得我每次出去都能打得相当好，没有任何实际理由让我觉得我可能会突然 "失去一切"。我猜测，我的新自信背后的原因是这样的：我不再试图把许多困难的事情做得尽善尽美，因为我清楚地认识到，过分追求完美既不可能，也不可取，甚至没有必要。你需要掌握的只是基本动作，而这些动作并不多。而且，这些动作基本上都是可以控制的，所以无论你那天早上是精神饱满还是精神不振，都能很好地完成。我不知道是先有鸡还是先有蛋，但就在同时，我开始感觉到，即使我不在最佳状态，我也有能力打出值得称赞的高尔夫球，我的击球也开始有了新的、更稳定的一致性。让我再重复一遍，取得这一进步的基础是我真正相信，打好高尔夫球真正需要的是

Now that we have gone into the swing, stage by stage, from the grip to the finish, I think it would be extremely instructive to “wind the swing back” and see what are the key fundamental actions a golfer performs to move correctly from one position to another.
既然我们已经对挥杆动作从握杆到结束的各个阶段进行了逐一研究，我认为 "回溯 "一下挥杆动作，看看高尔夫球手从一个位置正确移动到另一个位置的关键基本动作是什么，会非常有启发意义。

To begin with, what does a golfer do to arrive at the correct position at the finish of his swing?
首先，高尔夫球手如何才能在挥杆结束时到达正确的位置？

As we have said, the follow-through is not the result of any specific new actions in the last stages of the swing. The proper chain-action movement plus the clubhead speed it builds carry the golfer all the way through to a perfect finish. The golfer is bound to follow through correctly, PROVIDED HE COMES INTO THE BALL AND HITS THROUGH THE BALL CORRECTLY.
正如我们所说，跟杆并不是挥杆最后阶段任何特定新动作的结果。正确的链式动作加上它所产生的杆头速度，会让球手一直完美地完成挥杆。只要球手正确地进球和击球，就一定能正确地完成击球。

All right, then. What are the major things a golfer must do to be correctly poised and positioned as he hits through the ball?
那好吧。要想在击球时保持正确的姿势和位置，球手必须做到哪些主要事项？

He will be essentially correct in the impact area if he learns to execute three major movements. 1) He must initiate the downswing by turning the hips to the left. 2) He must hit through to the finish of his swing in one cohesive movement, hitting with his hips, shoulders, arms and hands, in that order. 3) He must start to supinate his left wrist just before impact. This is, essentially, all he need concentrate on, PROVIDED HE IS IN THE CORRECT POSITION AT THE TOP OF HIS BACKSWING.
如果他学会执行三个主要动作，那么他在击球区域的动作就会基本正确。1) 他必须通过向左转髋启动下杆。2) 他必须以一个连贯的动作完成挥杆，依次用髋、肩、臂和手击球。3) 他必须在击球前开始上托左手腕。基本上，只要他在后挥杆顶端处于正确的位置，他就只需集中精力于此。

How does a golfer get himself to this correct position at the top of the backswing?
高尔夫球手怎样才能在上杆顶点达到这个正确的位置？

He will be essentially correct when he arrives at the top of his backswing if he 1) waggles properly; 2) starts back with his hands, arms and shoulders and lets his shoulders turn his hips; and 3) stays on his plane throughout his backswing. These are all the movements he has to work on during his backswing, PROVIDED HE IS CORRECTLY POSITIONED AND POISED AT ADDRESS.
当他到达上杆顶点时，他的动作基本上是正确的，只要他：1）摆动正确；2）双手、双臂和双肩开始向后，并让双肩转动臀部；3）在整个上杆过程中保持在自己的平面上。这些都是他在上杆过程中需要练习的动作，前提是他的姿势正确并对准目标。

And, finally, what makes up this correct position at address? The answer, of course, is a correct stance and posture and a correct grip.
最后，是什么构成了正确的击球姿势呢？答案当然是正确的站姿、姿势和正确的握法。

Now, that isn’t so many key fundamental movements to remember and work on. I believe it comes to eight. The whole swing starts with the grip and builds from there. Each correct movement is linked with and sets up the next ensuing movement. The whole swing is chain action.
现在，需要记住和练习的关键基本动作并不多。我认为有八个。整个挥杆动作从握杆开始，并以此为基础。每一个正确的动作都与下一个动作相联系，并为下一个动作做好准备。整个挥杆动作是链式动作。

When a certain phase of your swing is not functioning properly, I would suggest that you refresh your knowledge of that particular phase (by rereading the pertinent pages in the earlier chapters) and then working things out on the practice tee. AND WHETHER YOU ARE PRACTICING OR PLAYING, SCHOOL YOURSELF TO THINK IN TERMS OF THE CAUSE AND NOT THE RESULT. Let me illustrate what I mean by this. Say a golfer picks his head up and mis-hits his shot badly. His partner will usually tell him, “You didn’t keep your head down,” as if this were the true cause of his poor shot. It isn’t. The true cause was some faulty movement in the golfer’s swing that made him pull his head up. For example, if the golfer starts down from the top with his shoulders or his hands and not with his hips, he can’t possibly hold
当你挥杆的某一阶段运作不正常时，我建议你重新学习这一阶段的知识（重读前面章节的相关内容），然后在发球台上练习。无论你是在练习还是在打球，都要让自己从原因而不是结果的角度去思考。让我来说明一下我的意思。假设一个高尔夫球手抬起头来打球，结果打错了。他的搭档通常会告诉他："你没有低头。"好像这才是他打得不好的真正原因。其实不然。真正的原因是球手在挥杆过程中的一些错误动作使他把头抬了起来。例如，如果球手从顶部开始用肩膀或手而不是用臀部向下挥杆，他就不可能保持
his head where it should be. If you are swinging correctly, on the other hand, you can’t look at anything but the ball.
他的头应该在哪里。另一方面，如果挥杆正确，除了球，你什么都不能看。

Let us briefly review now some of the significant positions and movements that you would do well to practice and check as you work to build a correct, powerful, repeating swing.
现在，让我们简要回顾一下一些重要的姿势和动作，在你努力打造正确、有力、重复的挥杆动作时，最好对这些姿势和动作进行练习和检查。

Place the club so that the shaft is pressed up under the muscular pad of the heel and also lies across top joint of the forefinger. The main pressure points are the last three fingers and the heel pad. The V should point to right eye
放置球杆时，球杆要压在脚跟的肌肉垫下，并横跨食指的上关节。主要受力点是后三指和脚跟垫。V 字形应指向右眼

Right Hand  右手

A finger grip. The shaft should lie across top joint of the fingers, definitely below palm. The two middle fingers apply most of the pressure. Practice with the thumb and the forefinger off the shaft. The V points directly to the chin
手指握把。杆身应横跨手指的上关节，绝对低于手掌。两个中指施加大部分压力。练习时，拇指和食指离开杆身。V 形指向下巴

Both hands should work together as one unit. The little finger of the right hand locks into the groove between forefinger and big finger of left. The left thumb should fit snuggly into the cup of right palm
两只手应合二为一。右手小指插入左手食指和大指之间的凹槽。左手大拇指应紧贴右手掌的杯状部位

diagram showing correct location of calluses
胼胝正确位置示意图

There is one correct basic stance: the right foot is square to the line, the left foot is pointed out a quarter turn. On a five-iron, the feet should be set apart the width of the shoulders. The stance widens for the longer clubs, narrows for shorter clubs. It is extremely important to keep the elbows and the arms as close together as possible. Remember, too: the knees point in
有一种正确的基本站姿：右脚正对直线，左脚指向外侧四分之一圈。使用五号铁杆时，两脚之间的距离应与肩同宽。使用较长的球杆时，站位要加宽；使用较短的球杆时，站位要收窄。肘部和手臂尽量靠拢是非常重要的。还要记住：膝盖指向

When you bend the knees, upper trunk remains erect
屈膝时，躯干上部保持直立

Right elbow should point directly to the right hip
右肘应直接指向右臀部

Left elbow should point directly to the left hip
左肘应直接指向左臀部

Correct stance will govern proper amount of hip turn
正确的站立姿势将控制适当的转髋幅度

The Plane.  飞机

Backswing plane inclines upward from the ball through the shoulders. As arms approach hip level on backswing, they should be moving parallel with the plane and should remain parallel with the plane throughout the backswing
上杆平面从球通过肩部向上倾斜。当手臂在上杆时接近臀部水平时，手臂应与平面平行，并在整个上杆过程中保持与平面平行。
The Waggle.  摇摆

When the player waggles the club back, right elbow should hit the front part of the right hip. As the lower part of his left arm rotates on the back waggle, the golfer actually gets on backswing plane
当球手向后摆动球杆时，右肘应撞到右臀的前部。当左臂下部在后挥杆时旋转时，球手实际上就进入了上杆平面

Order of Movement.  运动顺序。

The hands, arms and shoulders start the club back almost simultaneously. As the shoulders turn, they start to turn the hips. Correct tension in the muscles between shoulders and hips created by retarding hip turn
手、手臂和肩膀几乎同时开始向后挥杆。当肩膀转动时，臀部也开始转动。肩部和髋部之间的肌肉通过延缓髋部转动而产生正确的张力

Just before impact, left wrist begins to supinate. Left wristbone is raised and faces directly toward the target
撞击前，左手腕开始上举。左腕骨抬起并直接朝向目标
The turning of the hips back to the left initiates the downswing. (As pictured at the left, this movement of the hips automatically lowers the arms and the hands to a position just above the level of the hips.) In the chain action of the downswing, the hips are the pivotal element. The turning of the hips to the left releases the body, legs and arms in a cohesive movement to the left. As it enters the swing, each component adds its contribution to the ever-increasing speed and power of the swing. In this chain action, the shoulders and the upper part of the body conduct the multiplying power into the arms. The arms multiply it again and pass it on to the hands. The hands multiply it in turn. As a result, the clubhead is simply tearing through the air at an incredible speed as the golfer hits through the ball
臀部向左后方转动启动下杆动作。(如左图所示，髋部的这一动作会自动降低手臂和双手的位置，使其刚好位于髋部的水平线上）。在下杆的连锁动作中，髋部是关键因素。臀部向左转，身体、双腿和双臂向左释放，形成一个整体动作。当进入挥杆动作时，每个组成部分都会为不断增加的挥杆速度和力量做出贡献。在这个连锁动作中，肩部和身体上部将倍增的力量传导到手臂。手臂再次将力量倍增，并传递给双手。手部又将力量倍增。因此，当高尔夫球手击球时，杆头会以惊人的速度撕裂空气

The golf swing we have presented in these lessons is the essential golf swing, stripped down to its authentic fundamentals. They are all the golfer needs in order to develop a correct, powerful swing that will repeat. If he learns to execute these fundamental movements - and there is no movement in this swing which a man or woman of average
我们在这些课程中介绍的高尔夫挥杆动作是高尔夫挥杆的基本要素，是最基本的。这些是高尔夫球手发展正确、有力的挥杆动作所需要的全部内容，而且可以重复使用。如果他学会了执行这些基本动作--在这个挥杆动作中，没有任何一个动作是普通男女都能做到的。
coordination cannot perform - he will continue to become a more and more skillful player. He will not have to worry constantly about his timing, for example, as does the player who thinks he can construct a swing on hand action and who, since this is impossible, is doomed to be erratic. The golfer whose swing is founded on chain action cannot help but have timing. The swing is already timed for him. The chain action itself is the timing.
他将继续成为一名越来越娴熟的选手。举例来说，他不必像那些认为自己可以靠手的动作来完成挥杆动作的球手那样，时刻担心自己的时机，因为这是不可能的，他注定会挥杆不稳。挥杆动作建立在链式动作基础上的高尔夫球手则必须掌握时机。挥杆动作已经为他安排好了时间。连锁动作本身就是时机。

There is another basic virtue and value in this method we have presented: the golfer has to learn only one swing. HE USES THE SAME FUNDAMENTAL SWING FOR EVERY SHOT HE PLAYS. On all standard shots the ball should be spotted in the same position relative to the left foot. (I spot it a half inch to an inch inside the left heel, toward the right foot.) You can, to be sure, play the ball a shade farther forward or back - it varies from individual to individual, depending on the spot that is the lowest point in his swing. In any event, the relative position of the left foot and the ball remains constant. When you narrow the width of the stance to accommodate the shorter shafts of the irons, you do this by moving the right foot progressively closer to the left foot and toward the ball.
我们介绍的这种方法还有一个基本优点和价值：球手只需学习一种挥杆动作。他的每一杆都使用相同的基本挥杆动作。在所有标准杆中，球都应在相对于左脚的相同位置上。(我把球放在左脚跟内侧半英寸到一英寸处，朝向右脚）。当然，你也可以把球打得更靠前或更靠后一些--这因人而异，取决于挥杆过程中最低点的位置。无论如何，左脚与球的相对位置保持不变。当你缩小站位宽度，以适应铁杆较短的杆身时，你需要将右脚逐渐靠近左脚，并向球的方向移动。

Whether you are playing a full driver or a five-iron or a wedge, you make no conscious variation in the way you perform your swing. Without your knowing it, your swing will change slightly as the length of the shaft of the club changes. (My driver, for example, is 43 inches long; my two-iron, $381/2$$381/2$381//2381 / 2 inches; my five, 37 inches; my wedge, $341/2$$341/2$341//2341 / 2 inches.) The shorter the shaft, the closer the player must stand to the ball. His plane accordingly becomes more upright and the length of his arc is naturally shortened.
无论你是使用全发球木杆、五号铁杆还是挖起杆，你都不会有意识地改变挥杆方式。在不知不觉中，你的挥杆动作会随着球杆杆身长度的变化而略有改变。(例如，我的一号木杆长 43 英寸；二号铁杆长 $381/2$$381/2$381//2381 / 2 英寸；五号铁杆长 37 英寸；挖起杆长 $341/2$$341/2$341//2341 / 2 英寸）。杆身越短，球手就必须站得离球越近。他的击球平面相应变得更加直立，弧线的长度也自然缩短。

When you shorten your arc, you have less time on your swing to get your left hip out of the way. That is why I make - and suggest you make - a mild modification when you are playing the clubs from the six-iron down to the wedge: GET THE LEFT HIP OUT OF THE WAY BEFORE YOU BEGIN TO PLAY YOUR STROKE. You do this by setting your right foot a bit nearer the ball at address, as the diagram below illustrates.
当你缩短弧线时，你在挥杆时就没有那么多时间让你的左臀离开球道。这就是为什么我建议你在打从六号铁杆到挖起杆的球杆时，做一个轻微的调整：在开始挥杆之前，先让左髋避开球杆。如下图所示，你可以在击球时将右脚放在离球稍近的位置。

This has the effect of drawing the left foot back from the direct line and turning the left hip a bit to the left - opening the hip a shade, in other words. When you play the clubs from the six-iron down with your body in this position, you still feel like you’re taking a full swing. Actually you’re not. You have placed a further restriction on the length
这样做的效果是将左脚从直线上拉回来，并将左臀向左转一点，换句话说，就是将臀部打开一点。当你以这种姿势从六号铁杆向下挥杆时，你仍然感觉自己在全力挥杆。其实不然。你已经进一步限制了挥杆的长度
of your arc. You will sacrifice some distance as a result - the club cannot travel so fast on a shorter arc - but what you lose in distance you more than make up for in direction. When you’re playing the short irons, accuracy, of course, is the primary consideration.
的弧线。这样会牺牲一些距离--球杆在较短的弧线上飞行速度不会那么快--但距离上的损失可以在方向上得到弥补。在使用短铁杆时，准确性当然是首要考虑因素。

The golfer-reader who has applied himself with some diligence to these lessons, spending at least a week on each, should already be well on his way to developing a correct, repeating swing. However, you cannot expect to acquire a real control of the correct movements in a month’s time. You must continue to work on these fundamentals throughout the golf season, both on the course and on the practice tee. Through this steady familiarization you will gradually come to execute the movements of the swing more easily and more efficiently. Within six months - as soon as that - an average golfer who has applied himself intelligently should be coming close to breaking 80 or actually break 80 . And he will find that he will continue to improve, which is the greatest pleasure of all.
高尔夫阅读者如果能勤奋地学习这些课程，每门课程至少花一周的时间，那么他应该已经能够很好地掌握正确、重复的挥杆动作了。但是，你不能指望在一个月的时间内就能真正掌握正确的动作。你必须在整个高尔夫赛季中不断练习这些基本动作，无论是在球场上还是在练习场上。通过这种稳定的熟悉过程，你会逐渐更轻松、更有效地完成挥杆动作。在六个月内--最快也要六个月--一个聪明地运用自己的普通高尔夫球手的挥杆成绩就会接近或突破 80 杆。他还会发现自己会不断进步，这是最大的快乐。

The familiarization that the golfer will gain over the course of just one season of abiding by and practicing the fundamentals will begin to make the correct movements second nature for him. The more he can trust his swing to muscle memory, the more attention he can then turn to managing his golf - that is, thinking out the proper strategy for playing each hole, deciding which of the alternate routes to the pin is the wise one under the immediate conditions, playing the right kind of shot to suit the terrain and the elements, meeting, in short, the ever-fresh challenge
在一个赛季的时间里，高尔夫球手在遵守和练习基本动作的过程中会逐渐熟悉这些动作，从而使正确的动作成为他的第二天性。他越能将自己的挥杆动作信赖于肌肉记忆，就越能将更多的注意力转移到管理高尔夫球上--也就是说，思考打好每个洞的正确策略，决定在当时的条件下，哪种打法是最明智的，打出适合地形和环境的正确杆法，总之，迎接不断变化的挑战。
which a fine golf hole presents to a man who understands the game and has the necessary equipment to play it well.
对于一个了解高尔夫运动并拥有打好高尔夫球所需的设备的人来说，一个好的高尔夫球洞会给他带来什么？

I have always thought of golf as the best of all games - the most interesting, the most demanding, the most rewarding. I cannot begin to express the gratification I have always felt in being a part of a game with such a wonderful flavor and spirit, a game which has produced such superb champions and attractive personalities as Harry Vardon, Francis Ouimet, Bob Jones, Walter Hagen, Gene Sarazen, Tommy Armour, Sam Snead, Byron Nelson, Jimmy Demaret - to name only a few of the great players. I have found the game to be, in all factualness, a universal language wherever I traveled at home or abroad. I have really enjoyed every minute I have spent in golf - above all, the many wonderful friends I have made. I have loved playing the game and practicing it. Whether my schedule for the following day called for a tournament round or merely a trip to the practice tee, the prospect that there was going to be golf in it made me feel privileged and extremely happy, and I couldn’t wait for the sun to come up the next morning so that I could get out on the course again.
我一直认为高尔夫是所有运动中最棒的--最有趣、要求最高、回报最大。我无法用言语来表达我一直以来的欣慰之情，因为我是这项运动的一份子，而这项运动又具有如此美妙的韵味和精神，这项运动造就了哈里-瓦顿（Harry Vardon）、弗朗西斯-奥密特（Francis Ouimet）、鲍勃-琼斯（Bob Jones）、沃尔特-哈根（Walter Hagen）、吉恩-萨拉岑（Gene Sarazen）、汤米-阿莫尔（Tommy Armour）、山姆-斯尼德（Sam Snead）、拜伦-尼尔森（Byron Nelson）、吉米-德马雷特（Jimmy Demaret）等超级冠军和魅力四射的人物，而这仅仅是伟大球员中的一小部分。我发现，无论我在国内还是国外旅行，高尔夫球实际上都是一种通用语言。我非常享受在高尔夫球场上度过的每一分钟--最重要的是，我结识了许多好朋友。我喜欢打球，也喜欢练习。无论第二天的日程安排是参加比赛还是只是去练习场打球，只要能打上高尔夫球，我就会感到无比荣幸和幸福，我迫不及待地等待着第二天早上太阳升起，这样我就可以再次踏上球场。