萨尔瓦多·达利：怪奇梦境与永恒记忆
Salvador Dalí: Strange Dreams and Eternal Memory

他的胡子一万美元一根，他是没有疯的疯子。真正的超现实主义者——萨尔瓦多.达利，无疑是超现实主义绘画最具代表性的人物之一。他深受弗洛伊德理论的影响，希望通过探索人类的潜意识，打破理性的束缚，并最终确定了自己独特的艺术风格，成为了二十世纪的伟大先行者。
He has a beard of $10,000 a piece, and he's not crazy. The real surrealist – Salvador. Dalí is undoubtedly one of the most representative figures of Surrealist painting. Deeply influenced by Freud's theories, he hoped to break the shackles of reason by exploring the human subconscious, and finally determined his own unique artistic style, becoming a great forerunner of the twentieth century.

今年，是二十世纪著名画家萨尔瓦多.达利的诞辰一百二十周年。让我们纪念这个伟大的日子，并深入了解他的生平事迹，他的艺术理念，他的精神世界。
This year, it is the famous painter of the twentieth century Salvador. One hundred and twentieth anniversary of Dalí's birth. Let's commemorate this great day and delve into his life deeds, his artistic ideas, his spiritual world.

达利的哥哥早亡。他的父母因此坚信达利是他已故哥哥的转世。他的母亲以此对他极度宠溺;他的父亲却相反，对他一言一行要求极度苛刻。当他的唯一保护人母亲早逝后，面对这种极端情况，达利彻底养成了任性而敏感的性格。这种矛盾也一直扎根于他的作品，体现在他扭曲的婚姻观中。他爱他的妻子，加拉扮演着他的情人，母亲，姐姐，保护人，经纪人。他们终于白头偕老。他的妻子是一个不折不扣的财迷，因此他的一生一直奔走于钱财的赚取中，尽管他的生活并不奢靡。从某种角度上来讲，达利的影响力借此远远超出了艺术的领域。无论是绘画还是摄影、设计、服装，甚至是电影、广告领域，都可以看到达利的身影并且他都取得了不俗的成就。然而当我们提起达利，首先想到的似乎还是一位超现实主义画家，因为他在绘画上的成绩是极具影响力的，也是最具代表性的。达利是荒诞的、怪异的、梦幻的，也是不合逻辑的，他的作品是一种梦境与想象的结合，画面中描绘了许多普通物象的变形，他以怪诞的梦境般的形象和写实般细腻的手法征服了世人。其1931年创作的布面油画《记忆的永恒》成为奠定他超现实主义大师地位的不朽之作。
Dalí's brother died young. His parents were convinced that Dalí was the reincarnation of his deceased brother. His mother doted on him for this; His father, on the contrary, was extremely demanding of his words and deeds. When his only protector, his mother, died early, and faced with this extreme situation, Dalí thoroughly developed a willful and sensitive character. This contradiction has also been rooted in his work, reflected in his distorted view of marriage. He loves his wife, and Gala plays his lover, mother, sister, protector, agent. They finally grew old together. His wife was a true money junkie, so he spent his life earning money, even though his life was not extravagant. In a way, Dalí's influence extends far beyond the realm of art. Whether it is painting, photography, design, clothing, or even film and advertising, Dali can be seen and he has achieved great achievements. However, when we mention Dalí, the first thing that comes to mind seems to be a surrealist painter, because his achievements in painting are extremely influential and the most representative. Dalí is absurd, bizarre, dreamy, and illogical, his work is a combination of dream and imagination, depicting many ordinary objects in the picture, he conquered the world with grotesque dream-like images and realistic and delicate techniques. His 1931 oil painting on canvas, The Eternity of Memory, became an immortal work that established him as a master of surrealism.

他把古典主义和抽象现实深深结合起来，其艺术行为和艺术呈现正是弗洛伊德提倡的限制和调整“本我”,平衡和规范“自我”，促成“超我”实现的理论实践。他的作品以梦境为基础，基于“偏执狂批判法”，不只将潜意识的梦境作为主观层面的创作来源,还加入自由的联想，营造如真如梦的超现实境界。
He deeply combines classicism and abstract reality, and his artistic performance and artistic presentation are precisely the theoretical practice advocated by Freud to limit and adjust the "id", balance and regulate the "self", and promote the realization of the "superego". His works are based on dreams and based on the "Paranoid Critique Method", which not only uses subconscious dreams as a subjective source of creation, but also adds free associations to create a surreal realm that is as real as a dream.

那么，何谓“偏执狂批判法”？很多时候，达利会坐在自己的椅子上，手持汤勺，将盘子放在桌上。当他行将睡着之际，勺子就会掉到盘子里，被声响唤醒的达利会立刻将自己刚刚梦到的超现实场景记录下来。其他时候，他会保持倒立的姿势，直到自己快晕厥过去，以此保持一种半清醒状态。于是，在他的笔触下所呈现的梦境，往往萦绕着荒诞诡谲、不合情理的奇异氛围。
So, what is the "Paranoid Critique Act"? Many times, Dalí would sit in his chair with a spoon in his hand and place a plate on the table. When he is about to fall asleep, the spoon falls onto the plate, and Dali, awakened by the sound, immediately records the surreal scene he had just dreamed of. Other times, he would remain semi-conscious by holding a handstand until he was almost gone. As a result, the dreams presented under his brushstrokes are often haunted by a strange atmosphere of absurdity, treacherousness, and unreasonableness.

尽管前半生痴迷于弗洛伊德，达利始终对物理学和生命科学怀抱着高度的热情。晚年时，他坦言，“当我是一个超现实主义者时，我希望创造内心世界的肖像，奇妙世界的肖像，我的上帝弗洛伊德的肖像……现在，外部的物理世界超越了心理世界。我的上帝如今是海森堡博士（德国物理学家，量子力学的主要创始人）。”
Despite his fascination with Freud for the first half of his life, Dalí always had a high passion for physics and the life sciences. Later in life, he confessed, "When I was a surrealist, I wanted to create portraits of the inner world, portraits of wonderful worlds, portraits of my god Freud...... Now, the external physical world transcends the mental world. My God is now Dr. Heisenberg (German physicist, main founder of quantum mechanics). ”

从独一无二的标志性龙须胡，到各种离经叛道的行为方式，再到横跨绘画、摄影、电影、蚀刻、雕塑、戏剧、文学、时尚、美食、珠宝等极广泛领域的旺盛艺术创造力，达利堪称二十世纪的头号艺术疯子，正如他著名的自白：“我同人类的唯一区别，在于我是疯子；我与疯子的唯一区别，在于我没疯。”
From the one-of-a-kind and iconic beard, to the various deviant ways of behaving, to the exuberant artistic creativity spanning painting, photography, film, etching, sculpture, theater, literature, fashion, gastronomy, jewelry, and more, Dalí is the number one artistic madman of the twentieth century, as he famously confessed: "The only difference between me and human beings is that I am a madman; The only difference between me and a madman is that I'm not crazy. ”