What is Top Drive System?
什么是顶部驱动系统？

A top drive is a big motor system which is hoisted in a derrick or mast of a drilling rig. A top drive is a modern rotating system which has been popular for many drilling contractors and oil operators. Top drives can be used on all types of rigs, from truck-mounted rigs to offshore rigs.
顶部驱动器是悬挂在钻机的井架或桅杆上的大型电机系统。顶部驱动是一种现代旋转系统，受到许多钻井承包商和石油运营商的欢迎。顶部驱动装置可用于所有类型的钻机，从车载钻机到海上钻机。

Rotation provided to a drill stem is accomplished by a top drive. Therefore, a Kelly and a Kelly bushing are not required for a top drive system. Moreover, a master bushing and a rotary table serves as support for slip and weight of a drill stem and as a conduit for a drill stem to be raised or lowed into a wellbore.
提供给钻杆的旋转是通过顶部驱动器完成的。因此，顶部驱动系统不需要方钻杆和方钻杆衬套。此外，主衬套和转台用作钻杆的滑动和重量的支撑，并且用作用于将钻杆升高或降低到井眼中的导管。

Since a Kelly is not required, the length of each stand is more than a single joint. Typically, drilling with a top drive can be drilled with a stand of drill pipe which consists of 3 joints of drill pipes. A top drive can drill about 90 ft before making a connection, as opposed to 30 ft like a Kelly. A top drive system allows rotation and circulation while pulling out of a hole (back reaming). However, this operation cannot be performed with a Kelly system.
由于不需要方钻杆，因此每个支架的长度超过单个接头。通常，顶部驱动钻井可以使用由 3 个钻杆接头组成的钻杆支架进行钻探。顶部驱动器在连接之前可以钻大约 90 英尺，而方钻杆则可以钻 30 英尺。顶部驱动系统允许旋转和循环，同时拉出孔（后扩孔）。然而，这个操作不能用凯利系统来执行。

A top drive is attached to a dolly track acting like a guide rail in a derrick. This allows straight movement up and down while drilling and tripping.
顶部驱动装置连接到台车轨道上，其作用类似于井架中的导轨。这允许在钻孔和起下钻时进行直线上下运动。

This video below briefly demonstrates how a top drive is operated.
下面的视频简要演示了顶部驱动器的操作方式。

Figure 1 – Basic Configuration of Top Drive
图 1 – 顶部驱动的基本配置

Figure 1 shows some components of a top drive.
图 1 显示了顶部驱动器的一些组件。

A – Elevator A – 电梯

B – Bail or Link
B – 保释或链接

C – IBOP (both manual and pneumatic operated)
C – IBOP（手动和气动操作）

D – Rotating Head
D – 旋转头

E – Top drive motor
E——顶部驱动电机

F – Dolly Track
F – 多莉轨道

G – Hook G——钩子

D – Travelling Block
D – 移动滑车