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What is a Dangerous Occurrence?
什么是危险事件

is a 'near miss ‘which could have led to serious injury or loss of life.
是“未遂事故”,可能导致严重伤害或生命损失。

What is a Near Miss?
什么是未遂事故

Near miss -is any incident that could have resulted in an accident
未遂事故 - 是可能导致事故的任何事件

What is an Accident?
什么是事故

Accident - defined as 'any unplanned event that results in injury or ill health of people, or damage or loss to property, plant materials or the environment or a loss of a business opportunity.
事故 - 定义为“任何导致人员受伤或健康状况不佳,或对财产、植物材料或环境造成损害或损失,或丧失商业机会的意外事件

What is a Hazard?
什么是危险

Hazard is something with the potential to cause harm.
危险是有可能造成伤害的东西。

What is Risk?
什么是风险

Risk is the likelihood of potential harm/from that hazard being realized.
风险是实现潜在伤害/由该危害实现的可能性

Provide the division of hazards in the work environment (due to the location of hazardous energy).
提供工作环境中的危险划分(由于危险能量的位置)。

natural technical persona
天生的技术角色
l

What is a directive?
什么是指令

They are legal acts defining the objective that all European Union countries must achieve.
它们是定义 欧盟国家必须实现的目标的法律行为

What is the Work Regulation?
什么是工作规定

work regulation is company-specific rules that outline workplace policies, employee responsibilities, and disciplinary procedures
工作法规是公司特定的规则,概述了工作场所政策、员工责任和纪律处分程序
.

What is a occupational health and safety instructions and what is its purpose?
什么是职业健康安全说明目的是什么

0ccupational health and safety instructions are documents issued by the employer to detail higher-Evel regulations for specific job positions or situations.
0ccupational Health and SafetyInstructions 是雇主发布的文件,用于详细说明特定工作职位或情况更高 Evel 规定

What is the term Occupational Health and Safety Principles?
什么是职业健康安全原则

0HS Principles, which ensure safe and healthy working conditions for employees by integrating various legal and regulatory requirements.
0HS 原则,通过整合各种法律和监管要求,确保员工的安全和健康的工作条件

What is the fundamental right of an employee in terms of occupational health and safety?
员工职业健康和安全方面的基本权利是什么

Provide the definition of an occupational accident
提供职业事故的定义
.

a sudden event caused by an external factor resulting in injury or death, which occurred in connection with work.
由外部因素引起的突然事件,导致与工作有关受伤或死亡

Provide the definition of an accident treated equally to accident at work.
提供与工作事故同等对待事故的定义

is an accident to which an employee has been subjected
雇员遭受的事故

Provide the definition of an accidents on the way to and from work.
提供事故定义

a sudden event caused by an external factor that occurred during the commute to or from the place of employment.
在往返工作地点通勤过程中由外部因素引起的突发事件

Provide the definition of a serious occupational accident.
提供严重职业事故定义

is defined as an accident resulting in severe bodily injury, such as the loss of sight, hearing, or speech, permanent mental illness, permanent and significant disfigurement, or deformation of the body.
被定义为导致严重身体伤害的事故,例如视力、听力或语言丧失、永久性精神疾病、永久性和严重毁容或身体变形。

Provide the definition of a collective occupational accident
提供集体职业事故的定义
.

is defined as an accident in which at least two people are injured because of the same event.
S定义为在 LEast 有两人因同一事件受伤的事故。

What is an injury?
什么是受伤

The employee sustained a hand injury due to tripping on stairs.
该员工因在楼梯上绊倒而手部受伤。

What are the primary dutie of a construction site manager in term of Occupational Health and Safety?
建筑工地经理职业健康与安全方面的主要职责是什么

to ensure safety unequivocally
明确确保安全

Provide the minimum widths for pedestrian walkways and vehicular roads commonly used on construction sites.
建筑工地上常用的人行车行道路提供最小宽度

0.75m3.0-4.0m:1.2m6.0-8.0m
0.75米3.0-4.0米:1.2米6.0-8.0米

What is a working platform, and what is its purpose on a construction site?
什么是工作平台它在建筑工地上的用途是什么

Working platform - is a prepared and load bearing verified earth structure, either temporary or permanent, constructed on native soil with coarse-grained or stabilized aggregates.
工作平台 - 是一种经过准备和承重验证的土结构,可以是临时的还是永久的,用粗粒或稳定的骨料建造在原生土壤上。

used for operations involving equipment such as pile drivers and drills pile hammers, mobile cranes, dredgers, silos, as well as specialized excavators and orders.
用于涉及打桩机和钻头、打桩锤、移动式起重机、挖泥船、筒仓以及专用挖掘机和订单等设备的作业。

Discuss the requirements for construction site fencing.
讨论建筑工地围栏的要求

the fence should be at least 1.50 m
围栏应至少为 1.50 m
.

If fencing the construction site or work area is not possible, the boundaries should be marked with warning sins, and constant supervision should be provided if necessary.
如果无法 在建筑工地或工作区域设置围栏则应在边界上标明警告罪,并在必要时提供持续的监督

Specify how many classes high-visibility clothing is divided into.
指定high-visibilityclothing分为多少个类

3class1class2class3
3类 1类 2类 3

Specify how many classes safety shoes are divided into.
指定安全分为多少个类

7s1s2s3s4s5s6s7
7S1S2S3S4S5S6S7

Specify how many classes safety helmets are divided into.
指定安全分为多少个类

2 type1 type2
2类型 1类型 2

Provide the definition of a construction process.
提供施工过程定义

is a collective definition of a series of activities and events of a factual and legal nature
是一系列具有事实和法律性质的活动和事件的统称

Provide the definition of the Health and Safety Protection Plan (BiOZ Plan)
提供健康与安全保障计划BiOZPlan)定义

requirements of health and safety regulations and principles
健康和安全法规和原则的要求

Who is responsible for preparing or ensuring the preparation of the Health and Safety Protection Plan (BiOZ Plan)?
负责准备或确保准备健康与安全保护计划(BiOZ 计划)?

investor

In what situations is it mandatory to prepare a Health and Safety Protection Plan (BiOZ Plan)?
什么情况下必须准备健康安全保护计划 BiOZPlan)?

when the works last longer than 30 working days and their performance will employ at least 20 workers or their labor intensity exceeds 500 man-days, or at least one of the types of works listed in section will be performed during construction paragraph 2, art.21a of the Construction Law
当工程持续时间超过 30个工作日,并且其执行将雇用至少 20 名工人或其劳动强度超过 500 个工作日,或将在施工期间进行本节所列的至少一种工作时 建设第 21a 条第 2 款

Who on the construction site is responsible for approving the Instruction of Safe Execution of Work (ISEW)?
施工现场负责批准安全执行工作指令 (ISEW)?

construction manager and the works manager
施工经理和工程管理R

Explain the purpose of the Instruction of Safe Execution of Work.
解释安全执行工作指示的目的

is intended to help safely plan and implement the task.
旨在帮助安全地规划和实施任务。

Provide the definition of particularly hazardous works.
提供特别危险工作的定义

Particularly hazardous work refers to tasks where the risk of accidents is higher due to the nature of the work, the materials used, or the working environment, compared to other types of work.
特别危险的工作是指其他类型的工作相比,由于工作性质、使用的材料或工作环境而导致事故风险更高的任务。

Specify who can develop the Instruction of Safe Execution of Work for tasks on a construction site.
指定可以为建筑工地上的任务制定安全执行工作指令

construction manager, works manager or foreman.
施工经理、工程经理或领班。

For which tasks on a construction site is it necessary to develop an Instruction of Safe Execution of Work?
对于建筑工地上的哪些任务有必要制定安全执行工作指令

All work in the vicinity of overhead and underground power lines
所有工作都在架空和地下电力线附近工作

Specify the rules for setting up steel safety gates used during work near power lines
指定在电力线附近工作时使用的钢制安全门的设置规则
.

the gates should be placed on both sides of the communication routes, outside the danger zone, no closer than 15 m from the intersection. The height of the top edge of the gate should be adjusted to the dimensions of the passing vehicles, but not less than 4 m.
大门应放置在通信路线的两侧,在危险区域之外,距离十字路口不超过 15 m。闸门顶部边缘的高度应根据过往车辆的尺寸进行调整,但不得超过 4 m。

Discuss the factors that determine the selection of the hazardous zone width during work near power lines.
讨论 电力线附近工作决定危险区域宽度选择的因素。

The width of the danger zone depends on the type and voltage of the power lines as well as the nature of the work being performed.
危险区域的宽度取决于电源线的类型和电压以及所执行工作的性质

How should the width of the hazardous zone be measured in the vicinity of power lines?
如何测量电力线附近的危险区域的宽度

The danger zone should be measured horizontally from the outermost conductor of the line and on both sides of it.
危险区应从线路最外侧的导体及其两侧水平测量

On the basis of which document should earthworks be conducted in construction?
施工根据哪份文件进行土方工程

Instruction of Safe Execution of Work (ISEW)
安全执行工作 (ISEW) 的指示

Provide the classification of excavations based on the bottom width.
提供基于底部宽度挖掘分类

Wide-area excavations and Narrow-area excavations
广域发窄区域

Provide the classification of excavations based on duration.
提供基于持续时间挖掘分类

temporary-with an expected period of use no longer than 1 year. permanent -with an expected period of use longer than 1year
临时 - 预期使用期限不超过 1 年。 永久 -预期使用期限超过 1 年

Provide the classification of excavations based on depth.
提供基于深度挖掘分类

shallow with a depth less than or equal to 1 m, medium-deep with a depth of no more than 3 m, deep with a depth of more than 3 m.
区深度小于或等于 1 m中等深深度不超过 3 m深度超过 3 m。

Discuss the principles of securing wide-area excavations by using safe slope inclination.
讨论使用安全保护大面积挖掘的原则

Wide-area excavations with vertical walls or slopes with a slope greater than safe are allowed.
允许使用垂直墙或坡大于安全坡度的广域挖掘。

Discuss up to what depth vertical, unsupported excavations can be used without bracing or shoring.
讨论垂直无支撑挖掘可以在没有支撑支撑的情况下使用大的深度

Only up to a depth 1 m, with a depth greater than 1 m but not exceeding 2m
O深度不超过 1 m深度大于 1 m 但不超过 2m

What elements constitute a typical edge protection system for excavations using systematic safety barriers to prevent unauthorized access to the excavation area?
哪些元件构成了典型的挖掘边缘保护系统使用系统安全屏障来防止未经授权进入挖掘区域?

Specify the distances at which safe entry (exit) should be provided for each excavation deeper than 1 meter.
指定深度超过 1每次挖掘提供安全入口(出口)的距离

Not exceed 20m.
不超过 20m。

Specify the minimum distance for operating construction machinery and storing building materials from the natural soil wedge breakage of a wide-area excavation slope.
指定 操作建筑机械和储存建筑材料与大面积开挖边坡的自然土壤楔形破损的最小距离

9.35m
9.35 米

Provide the definition of working at height.
提供高空作业定义

height of at least 1.0 m above the floor or ground level
高度至少高于地板或地面 1.0 m

Discuss the hierarchy of control (four-step control process) for working at height.
讨论高空作业的控制层次结构四步控制过程)。

Provide the definition of personal protective equipment (PPE)
提供个人防护装备 PPE 定义

anchors point and fixed-length lanyard.
锚点和固定长度的挂绳。

Provide the definition of collective protective measures.
提供集体保护措施定义

are designed to simultaneously protect a group of people, including individuals, from hazardous and harmful factors present in the work environment, whether these factors occur singly or in combination.
旨在同时保护包括个人在内的一群人免受工作环境中存在的有害和有害因素的侵害,无论这些因素单独发生的还是组合发生的。

Discuss the hierarchy of using personal and collective protective measures
讨论使用个人和集体保护措施的层次结构
.

Collective Protective Equipment (PPE) always takes priority over the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
集体防护装备 (PPE) 始终优先于个人防护装备 (PPE) 的使用。

At what height should the guardrails of systematic safety barriers be placed to protect workers from falling from heights?
系统性安全护栏护栏应该放置在什么高度,以保护工人免于从高处坠落?

above 1 m
1 m 以上

List the types of safety nets used in construction to prevent falls of people and objects from height.
列出建筑中使用的安全类型,以防止人员物体高处坠落

Types T U V S working platforms
Types T U V S 工作平台

How long is the technical acceptance protocol for a fixed scaffold valid?
固定脚手架的技术验收协议的有效期是多久

The protocol is valid for one month from the date of handover for use.
该协议自移交使用之日起一个月内有效

In what situation can internal guardrails be omitted in the scaffold structure set up against a building wall?
在什么情况下在靠建筑体设置脚手架结构可以省略内部护栏

What elements (systems) should be used for masonry and plastering work at heights above 1 m?
1m 以上高度砌筑抹灰工作使用哪些元件(系统)?

must be performed from fixed platforms or scaffolding
必须从固定平台或脚手架上进行
.

At what height relative to the erected wall should the working platform level of the scaffold be set when performing masonry and plastering work?
在进行砌筑和抹灰工作时,脚手架的工作平台水平应设置在相对于竖立的墙壁的高度是多少?

work platform should be positioned at least 0.5 m below the top edge of the erected wall and no more than 1.5m below it
工作平台应位于竖立墙的顶部边缘以下至少 0.5 米,且低于顶部边缘不超过 1.5 米
.

In what situations are ladders used for working at height in construction?
哪些情况下子用于建筑中的空作业

We perform work using ladders wherever, for technical reasons, we cannot use other solutions, such as mobile scaffolding or working platforms.
由于技术原因,我们在无法使用其他解决方案(例如移动脚手架或工作平台)的地方使用梯子进行工作

What qualifications should individuals performing welding work possess?
从事焊接工作的个人具备哪些资格

certificate of completion of training or, welder qualification certificate or, welder's book
培训结业证书或焊工资格证书或焊工书

List the types of welding stations.
列出焊接的类型

Electric arc welding Gas welding
电弧焊气焊

Specify the material that welding booth walls or screens should be made of.
指定焊接屏风的材料

have walls painted with matte paints, have floors and walls made of non-combustible materials
墙壁涂有哑光涂料,地板和墙壁由不燃材料制成

During which types of welding should welding goggles and a welding helmet be used?
哪些类型的焊接使用电焊电焊

primarily used during gas welding
主要用于气焊

Provide the definition of fire protection
提供消防的定义
.

protecting life, health, property, or the environment from fire, natural disasters, or other local hazards
保护生命、健康、财产或环境免受火灾、自然灾害或其他当地危害

Provide the definition of fire safety.
提供消防安全的定义。

fire safety is a state that eliminates the risk to the life or health of people or property, achieved through the implementation of legal norms and technical means of fire protection, as well as preventive actions against fire
Fire 安全是一种消除对人员或财产的生命或健康风险的状态,通过实施防火法律规范和技术手段以及防火措施来实现

Provide the definition of fire.
提供 fire 的定义。

an uncontrolled combustion process occurring in an unintended location. It involves the oxidation of combustible materials, meaning their rapid combination with oxygen.
在意外位置发生的不受控制的燃烧过程。它涉及可燃材料的氧化,这意味着它们与氧气的快速结合

List the classes of fires and briefly describe them.
列出火灾的类别简要描述它们。

Class A fires involve free burning solid substances. Class B are fires fueled by flammable or combustible liquid; Class C fires are caused by combustion of gases. Class D fires involve combustible metals Class F fires are combustible oils and grease normally found in commercial kitchens.
A 类火灾涉及自由燃烧的固体物质。B 类是由 易燃或可燃液体助燃的火灾;C 类火灾是由气体燃烧引起的。 D 类火灾涉及可燃金属 F 类火灾是通常在商业厨房中发现的可燃油和油脂

List the classification of fires based on their size.
根据火灾的大小列出火灾分类

Small Medium large very large
非常大

List the types of portable firefighting equipment (extinguishers).
列出便携式消防设备(灭火器)的类型

liquid, powdered, or gaseous form.
液体、粉末或气态

Provide the definition of extinguishing effectiveness.
提供灭火效果的定义。

most underrated parameters of a fire extinguisher
灭火器最被低估的参数

Provide the definition of human hazard category (ZL).
提供人为危害类别 (ZL) 的定义。

is a conventional classification introduced by regulations to define the degree of hazard present in public utility buildings, residential buildings, and collective living buildings
是法规引入的常规分类,用于定义公用事业建筑、住宅建筑和集体生活建筑中存在的危险程度

Specify into how many human hazard categories buildings are divided.
指定建筑物划分为多少个人危害类别

ZL1-5
ZL1-5

Provide the main purpose of the fire safety instructions.
提供消防安全说明的主要目的。

public utility functions, collective residence, production, storage, and livestock purposes
公用事业功能、集体住宅、生产、储存和畜牧目的
.

Provide how many parts the fire safety instructions consist of.
提供消防安全说明多少个部分组成

3

Provide how often and in which situations the fire safety instructions should be updated?
请提供消防安全说明应多久更新一次以及在哪些情况下更新?

at least once every 2 years facility or technological process that affect the fire protection conditions.
至少每 2 年一次影响消防条件设施或技术流程

What is ergonomics?
什么是人体工程学?

Ensuring maximum work efficiency while simultaneously eliminating negative health impacts for employees.
确保最大的工作效率,同时消除对员工的健康负面影响。

What is the primary objective of ergonomics?
人体工程学的主要目标是什么

ergonomics is to counteract working conditions that may lead to rapid fatigue or stress, and consequently to distraction and situations that threaten life or health
人体工程学是为了抵消可能导致快速疲劳或压力的工作条件,从而分散注意力和威胁生命或健康的情况

What is corrective ergonomics concerned with?
矫正人体工程学什么有关

Analyze the adaptation of existing workstations to the psychophysiological abilities of employees.
分析现有工作站对员工心理生理能力的适应情况。

What is the primary objective of conceptual ergonomics?
概念人体工程学的主要目标是什么

design a technical means- ensure maximum safety and reliability for the system with minimal physical and mental effort from the worker
设计技术手段 - 以最少的工人的体力和脑力劳动确保系统的最大安全性和可靠性

List the recommendations regarding the area and height of rooms intended for permanent work (i.e., rooms where employees spend more than 4 hours).
列出有关用于永久工作的房间(即员工花费超过 4 小时的房间)的面积和高度的建议。

not be less than 3 m at least 15 m3.
不小于 3 m,至少 15 m3。

Provide the definition of first aid.
提供急救的定义。

First aid refers to a set of actions undertaken to save a person in a state of acute health emergency
急救是指为挽救处于紧急卫生紧急状态的人而采取的一系列行动

Provide the definition of the 'Golden Hour'
提供黄金时段定义
.

The first hour immediately following a traumatic injury (known as the “Golden Hour”), is when medical intervention can have the most profound impact on survival and recovery outcomes.
创伤性损伤后的第一个小时(称为“黄金时间”)是医疗干预对生存和恢复结果产生最深远影响的时候。

Provide the definition of the SAMPLE medical history.
提供 SAMPLE 病史的定义。

SAMPLE is a first aid mnemonic acronym that consists of 6 basic
SAMPLE 是一个急救助记词的首字母缩写,由6 个基本

What is the DRS-ABC plan?
什么是DRS-ABC计划

Call for an ambulance or ask a bystander to make the call. Stay on the line.
呼叫救护车或让旁观者拨打电话。保持在线状态。

List the situations in which first aid should be called first, and only then provide assistance to the casualty.
列出应首先呼叫急救然后才为伤者提供帮助的情况。

Dangerous situations Inaccessible casualty Multiple casualties
危险情况无法接近的伤亡多人伤亡

What are the primary tasks of a person providing first aid?
提供急救的人的主要任务是什么

Clearing the airway
清理空气