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Applied English Learning
应用英语学习
(in the fields of physical education, exercise science, and sport)
（在体育、运动科学和体育领域）

刘卫东Lance

Phone:13584866172

E-mail: lance@suda.edu.cn

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What’s the purpose of this course?
这门课程的目的是什么？

Why do you have to learn English?
为什么一定要学英语？

history

the meaning of a language
语言的意义

culture (system and culture)
文化（制度与文化）

language instinct

the same to chinese
中文也一样

the simplest subject
最简单的主题

skill not the knowlege
技能而不是知识

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What’s the purpose of this course?
这门课程的目的是什么？

the present English education in China
中国目前的英语教育

illiterate education

painful education
痛苦的教育

ineffective education

what's wrong with our English education?
我们的英语教育有什么问题？

pronunciation (phonetic symbols);word sentence(grammar)

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What’s the purpose of this course?
这门课程的目的是什么？

ESP (English for Specific Purposes)

It has been referred to as "applied ELT" as the content and aims of any course are determined by the needs of a specific group of learners. ESP is often divided into EAP (English for Academic Purposes) and EOP (English for Occupational Purposes). Further sub-divisions of EOP are sometimes made into business English, professional English (e.g. English for doctors, lawyers) and vocational English (e.g. English for tourism, nursing, aviation, bricklaying).
它被称为“应用ELT”，因为任何课程的内容和目标都是由特定学习者群体的需求决定的。ESP通常分为EAP（学术英语）和EOP（职业英语）。EOP的进一步细分有时分为商务英语、专业英语（例如医生、律师英语）和职业英语（例如旅游、护理、航空、砌砖英语）。

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What’s the purpose of this course?
这门课程的目的是什么？

ESP has become increasingly important as:
ESP变得越来越重要，因为：

There has been an increase in vocational training and learning throughout the world.
全世界的职业培训和学习都有所增加。

With the spread of globalization has come the increasing use of English as the language of international communication. More and more people are using English in a growing number of occupational contexts.
随着全球化的传播，英语越来越多地被用作国际交流语言。越来越多的人在越来越多的职业环境中使用英语。

Students are starting to learn and therefore master general English at a younger age, and so move on to ESP at an earlier age.
学生在更年轻的时候就开始学习并掌握通用英语，因此在更早的年龄就开始学习ESP。

ESP is designed to meet the specific needs of the learners.
ESP旨在满足学习者的特定需求。

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Foundations of Physical Education, Exercise Science, and Sport
体育、运动科学和运动的基础

Deborah A. Wuest

Jennifer L. Fisette(17th)

Charles A. Bucher (Deceased)

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Meaning and Scope
含义和范围

Chapter 1
第 1 章

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What is the nature of “contemporary physical education, exercise science and sport (PEEXSPT)?”
“当代体育、运动科学和运动（PEEXSPT）”的本质是什么？

What are specialized areas of study within PEEXSPT and how do they interrelate?
PEEXSPT的专业研究领域是什么，它们如何相互关联？

What is the relationship between the discipline, profession, and field?
学科、专业和领域之间有什么关系？

What are allied fields?
什么是联合领域？

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Goals

Access for all, regardless of age, gender, race, ethnicity [eθ'nɪsəti] , sexual orientation, disability status, income, educational level, geographic location and ability.
人人享有服务，不分年龄、性别、种族、民族、性取向、残疾状况、收入、教育水平、地理位置和能力。

Prevent disease and positively contribute to health and well-being of all participants through their lifespan.
预防疾病，并在其一生中为所有参与者的健康和福祉做出积极贡献。

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Expansion of Physical Education
扩大体育教育

Moved from the traditional school setting to:
从传统的学校环境转移到：

Community

Home
家

Worksite

Commercial & Medical Settings
商业和医疗环境

Corporations

Who says Physical Activity is Good?
谁说体育锻炼是好的？

National Reports:
国家报告：

“Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General”
“身体活动与健康：外科医生的报告”

“Healthy People 2010”

“Promoting Better Health for Young People through Physical Activity and Sports”
“通过体育活动和运动促进年轻人的健康”

Our Physical Activity Challenge:
我们的体能活动挑战：
Improve Participation of Populations with Low Rates of Physical Activity
提高身体活动率低人群的参与度

Women are generally less active than men.
女性通常不如男性活跃。

African Americans and Hispanics are generally less active than whites.
非裔美国人和西班牙裔美国人通常不如白人活跃。

People with low incomes are typically less active than those with high incomes.
低收入者通常不如高收入者活跃。

People with less education are generally not as active as those with higher levels of education.
受教育程度较低的人通常不如受教育程度较高的人活跃。

Adults in the Northeast and South tend to be less active than adults in the North Central and Western States.
东北部和南部的成年人往往不如北部、中西部各州的成年人活跃。

People with disabilities are less physically active than people without disabilities.
残疾人的身体活动比非残疾人少。

Participation in physical activity declines with age.
身体活动的参与率随着年龄的增长而下降。

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Definitions: Physical Education
定义：体育

Education

An on-going process that occurs throughout our lifespan.
一个贯穿我们一生的持续过程。

Physical education….
体育。。。。

An educational process that uses physical activity as a means to help people acquire skills, fitness, knowledge, and attitudes that contribute to their optimal development and well-being.
一种教育过程，它使用体育活动作为帮助人们获得有助于他们最佳发展和福祉的技能、健身、知识和态度的教育过程。

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Definitions: Exercise Science
定义：运动科学

The scientific analysis of exercise or physical activity through theories from many different disciplines such as biology, biochemistry, physics, and psychology.
通过生物学、生物化学、物理学和心理学等许多不同学科的理论对运动或身体活动进行科学分析。

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Definitions: Sports
定义：体育

Organized competitive activities governed by rules that standardize the competition and conditions so individuals can compete fairly.
有组织的竞争活动，受规范竞争和条件的规则约束，以便个人能够公平竞争。

Competition against oneself or opponent(s).
与自己或对手竞争。

Strategy and skill play a significant role in the determination of the outcome.
策略和技能在结果的确定中起着重要作用。

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The Field (More than a playing surface!)
场地（不仅仅是一个比赛场地！ 

Field…. “a combination of a well-established discipline and one or more professions that deliver a social service and are focused on common goals.” (Corbin)
田。。。。“一个成熟的学科和一个或多个提供社会服务并专注于共同目标的职业的结合。”（科尔宾）

Discipline …“organized body of knowledge embraced in a formal course of learning.” (Henry)
纪律......“在正式的学习过程中所包含的有组织的知识体系。（亨利）

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The Profession

Profession…

An occupation requiring specialized training in an intellectual field of study that is dedicated to the betterment of society through service to others.
需要在智力研究领域接受专门培训的职业，致力于通过为他人服务来改善社会。

Expansion
扩张

With developing technologies, knowledge, and methods of inquiry from other disciplines in the 1960s, physical education, exercise science, and sport broadened its horizons
随着 1960 年代其他学科的技术、知识和探究方法的发展，体育、运动科学和体育拓宽了其视野

The result: 12 subdisciplines

Subdisciplines 

Motor Development

Motor Learning

Sport sociology

Sport pedagogy 'pedə.gəudʒi]

Adapted physical activity
适应性的身体活动

Sport management

Exercise physiology
运动生理学

Sports medicine

Sport biomechanics

Sport philosophy

Sport history

Sport & exercise psychology

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Exercise Physiology
运动生理学

Impact of exercise and physical activity on the human body.
运动和身体活动对人体的影响。

Short- and long-term adaptations of the various systems of the body.
身体各种系统的短期和长期适应。

Effects of physical activity and exercise on the health status of different populations.
身体活动和运动对不同人群健康状况的影响。

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Sports Medicine

Medical relationship between physical activity, sports-related injuries, and the human body.
身体活动、运动相关损伤与人体之间的医学关系。

Prevention - the design of conditioning programs, fitting of protective equipment, and counseling regarding proper nutrition.
预防 - 设计调理计划、安装防护设备以及有关适当营养的咨询。

Treatment and rehabilitation [.ri:hə.bili'teiʃən] - the assessment of injuries, administration of first aid, design and implementation of rehabilitation program and treatment.
治疗和康复 [.ri：hə.bili'teiʃən] - 伤害评估、急救管理、康复计划和治疗的设计和实施。

Sport Biomechanics

Applies the methods of physics to the study of human motion and the motion of sport objects.
将物理学方法应用于人体运动和运动物体运动的研究。

Study the effects of force on the body and sport objects.
研究力对身体和运动物体的影响。

Mechanical analysis of activities (production of power, leverage, and stability)
活动的机械分析（功率、杠杆和稳定性的产生）

Analysis of effectiveness and efficiency of movements
分析运动的有效性和效率

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Sport Philosophy

Study of the nature of reality and values of movement for all participants.
研究所有参与者的现实本质和运动价值。

Debate critical issues, beliefs, and values relative to physical education and sport (i.e., What is the relationship between the mind and the body?).
辩论与体育和运动相关的关键问题、信仰和价值观（即，心灵和身体之间的关系是什么？

Influences thoughts, actions, and decisions in our professional endeavors and personal lives.
影响我们职业和个人生活中的思想、行动和决定。

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Sport History

The “who, what, when, where, how, and why of sport” is examined within the social context of the time.
“体育运动的人物、内容、时间、地点、方式和原因”是在当时的社会背景下进行的。

Looking into the past provides greater understanding of present events and insight with respect to the future.
回顾过去可以更好地了解当前事件和对未来的洞察力。

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Sport and Exercise Psychology
运动与运动心理学

Uses principles from psychology to study human behavior in sport to enhance performance.
使用心理学原理研究人类在体育运动中的行为，以提高表现。

Sport areas: achievement motivation, arousal regulation, goal setting, self-confidence, leadership, and team cohesion [kəu'hi:ʒən]

Exercise areas: exercise addiction, adherence, motivation, and satisfaction
运动领域：运动成瘾、依从性、动机和满意度

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Motor Development

Use theories of development to design appropriate movement experiences for people of all ages and abilities.
使用发展理论为所有年龄和能力的人设计合适的运动体验。

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Motor Learning

Study of factors that influence an individual’s acquisition [ækwə'ziʃən] and performance of skills, such as practice, experience, use of reinforcement, and condition of learning environment.
研究影响个人习得 [ækwə'ziʃən] 和技能表现的因素，例如实践、经验、强化的使用和学习环境的条件。

Progression through stages of learning from a beginner to a highly skilled performer.
从初学者到高技能表演者的学习阶段的进展。

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Study of the role of sport in society.
研究体育在社会中的作用。

“What is the influence of society on sport?”
“社会对体育有什么影响？”

“What is the influence of sport on society?”
“体育对社会有什么影响？”

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Sport Pedagogy['pedə.gɔgi; 'pedə.gəudʒi]

Study of teaching and learning.
教与学研究。

Creation of effective learning environments, instructional strategies, outcome assessment, and relationship of instructional process to learning.
创造有效的学习环境、教学策略、结果评估以及教学过程与学习的关系。

Development of effective practitioners through the analysis of the behaviors of teachers/coaches and students/athletes.
通过分析教师/教练和学生/运动员的行为，培养有效的从业者。

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Adapted Physical Activity
适应性的身体活动

Providing individual programs and services that encourage participation to the fullest extent by those with disabilities.
提供个人计划和服务，鼓励残疾人最大限度地参与。

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Sport Management

Facility and personnel management, budgeting, promotion of events, media relations, and programming.
设施和人员管理、预算编制、活动推广、媒体关系和节目编制。

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A New Name for the Field
字段的新名称 

Physical Education- traditional, but too narrow; does not reflect the expanding nature of the field.
体育 - 传统，但太狭隘;并不反映该领域的扩展性质。

Kinesiology- study of human movement, but the public is not familiar with the term.
运动机能学 - 研究人体运动，但公众并不熟悉这个术语。

Exercise and Sport Science- reflects the broad emphasis of the field and easy to understand.
运动与运动科学 - 反映了该领域的广泛重点，易于理解。

Physical Education and Sport- traditional, familiar, and includes sport as a vital part.
体育和运动 - 传统的，熟悉的，包括体育作为重要部分。

No common agreement as to the name of the field, but there is a growing central focus: Physical Activity.
关于该领域的名称没有达成共识，但有一个日益增长的中心焦点：体育活动。

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Allied Fields

Health Instruction

Health Services
健康服务

Environmental Health

Recreation

Dance

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Definition of Terms
术语定义

Wellness: a state of positive biological and psychological well-being that encompasses a sense of well-being and quality of life.
健康：一种积极的生物和心理健康状态，包括幸福感和生活质量。

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Definition of Terms
术语定义

Quality of Life: overall sense of well-being that has a different meaning for each individual.
生活质量：整体幸福感，对每个人都有不同的意义。

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Definition of Terms
术语定义 

Exercise: physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive with the purpose of developing, improving, or maintaining physical fitness.
锻炼：有计划、有结构和重复的体育活动，目的是发展、改善或保持身体健康。

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Definition of Terms
术语定义

Health-related and Performance-related physical fitness: what are the components of each?
与健康相关和与表现相关的身体素质：每个组成部分是什么？

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Physical Fitness
体质

Health-related
健康相关

Cardiovascular endurance

Body composition
身体成分

Flexibility

Muscular endurance

Muscular strength

Performance-related
性能相关

Agility

Speed

Coordination

Power

Reaction Time
反应时间

Balance