Here’s a simplified version of the **forecasting content** including the calculations and explanations from the file:
以下是**预测内容**的简化版本，包括文件中的计算和解释：

### Demand Forecasting
### 需求预测

**Demand forecasting** is essential for planning and aligning operations and marketing. It involves predicting future customer demand to set business strategies. The main types of demand include:
**需求预测**对于规划和调整运营和营销至关重要。它涉及预测未来客户需求以制定业务策略。主要需求类型包括：

1. **Independent Demand**: Base demand for a primary item.
1. **独立需求**：主要项目的基本需求。

2. **Dependent Demand**: Demand driven by the need for another item.
2. **相关需求**：由对另一项目的需求驱动的需求。

### Factors Affecting Demand
### 影响需求的因素

Demand can be influenced by several factors:
需求可能受到以下几个因素的影响：

- **Random Fluctuations**: Unpredictable events causing variations in demand.
- **随机波动**：不可预测的事件导致需求变化。

- **Trend Fluctuations**: Gradual changes over time.
- **趋势波动**：随着时间的推移逐渐变化。

- **Seasonal Fluctuations**: Recurring patterns throughout the year.
- **季节性波动**：全年重复出现的模式。