STEAM EXPLOSION OF GREEN WASTE FOR BIOMETHANE PRODUCTION 利用绿色废物汽爆生产生物甲烷
Stefano Longo (stefano.longo@gruppohera.it), Mirco Garuti², Mariangela Soldano²,Chiara Noto , Davide Nascetti , Enrico Piraccini HERA, Ecological Transition Department, Via Cesare Diana, 40 - Ferrara, Italy Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali (CRPA), Viale Timavo, 43/2 - Reggio Emilia, Italy Stefano Longo (stefano.longo@gruppohera.it), Mirco Garuti², Mariangela Soldano²,Chiara Noto , Davide Nascetti , Enrico Piraccini HERA. Ecological Transition Department、生态过渡部,Via Cesare Diana, 40 - Ferrara, Italy Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali (CRPA), Viale Timavo, 43/2 - Reggio Emilia, Italy。
INTRODUCTION 引言
Steam explosion (SE) is based on the explosion caused by violent boiling or flashing of water into steam. The severity factor relates the pretreatment operational conditions of time and temperature into a single dimensionless number. 蒸汽爆炸(SE)是基于水剧烈沸腾或闪蒸成蒸汽所引起的爆炸。严重性系数将时间和温度等预处理操作条件转化为一个单一的无量纲数字。
SE has suggested to be a viable pretreatment for lignocellulosic green waste to enhance its anaerobic degradability, but the industrial application is not still widespread for biomethane production SE 被认为是一种可行的木质纤维素绿色废物预处理方法,可提高其厌氧降解性,但在生物甲烷生产中的工业应用仍不广泛。
The project LIFE STEAM will develop an innovative SE prototype at full-scale level. LIFE STEAM 项目将全面开发创新的 SE 原型。
SE benefits and constraints have been investigated through continuous anaerobic digestion tests aiming to the scale-up assessment of the process. 通过连续厌氧消化试验,对 SE 的效益和制约因素进行了调查,目的是对工艺进行放大评估。
Figure 1 Lignocellulose degradation products concentration of untreated and steam exploded green waste at different severity factors. The severity factor combines both steam explosion temperature and time into one parameter. 图 1 不同严重程度系数下未经处理和蒸汽爆破的绿色废物的木质纤维素降解产物浓度。严重系数将蒸汽爆炸温度和时间合并为一个参数。
Figure 2 The effect of steam explosion at different severity factors on specific methane production during continuous anaerobic digestion tests carried out at low (green bars) and high (brown bars) organic loading rate. 图 2 在低有机物装载率(绿色条)和高有机物装载率(棕色条)下进行的连续厌氧消化试验中,不同严重系数的蒸汽爆炸对特定甲烷产量的影响。
Table 1 Organic acids and lignocellulose degradation products during continuous anaerobic digestion tests (final concentration measured in ). 表 1 连续厌氧消化试验中的有机酸和木质纤维素降解产物(以 为单位测量的最终浓度)。
Not 没有
SE
SE
SE
SE (4.38)
Treated 已处理
Acetic Acid 醋酸
Low OLR 低 OLR
High OLR 高 OLR
Formic Acid 甲酸
Low OLR 低 OLR
High OLR 高 OLR
Hydroxymethylfurfural 羟甲基糠醛
Low OLR 低 OLR
High OLR 高 OLR
Furfural 糠醛
Low OLR 低 OLR
High OLR 高 OLR
Polyphenols 多酚
Low OLR 低 OLR
200
314
397
545
932
High OLR 高 OLR
METHODS 方法
Continuous anaerobic digestion tests (110-days long) have been performed with 16 liters reactors at low and high organic loading rate (OLR). Green waste is steam exploded at different severity factors. 在低有机负荷率(OLR)和高有机负荷率(OLR)条件下,使用 16 升反应器 进行了连续厌氧消化试验(110 天)。绿色垃圾在不同的严重程度系数下进行蒸汽爆炸。
RESULTS 结果
SE promotes certain lignocellulose degradation compounds such as polyphenols, formic acid, acetic acid and with minor relevance also hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural (Figure 1). SE 可促进某些木质纤维素降解化合物的产生,如多酚、甲酸、乙酸,以及少量羟甲基糠醛和糠醛(图 1)。
At low OLR using 3.27-3.83 severity factor, the green waste specific methane production is 1.5 -fold higher after SE confirming the positive result obtained with BMP batch tests (Figure 2) 在使用 3.27-3.83 严重因子的低 OLR 条件下,绿色废物的特定甲烷产量在 SE 之后高出 1.5 倍,这证实了 BMP 批次试验获得的积极结果(图 2)。
Most of lignocellulose degradation products have been utilized by anaerobic microorganisms and among them only polyphenols accumulation is observed (Table 1). 大多数木质纤维素降解产物已被厌氧微生物利用,其中只有多酚被观察到积累(表 1)。
CONCLUSION 结 论
This work demonstrate the increased specific methane production of green waste after steam explosion and the biological feasibility of the mono-digestion process at low organic loading rate. 这项工作证明了蒸气爆炸后绿色废物的特定甲烷产量增加,以及单消化工艺在低有机负荷率下的生物可行性。
The scale-up will be implemented at industrial level but further biotechnological improvements of the process at higher organic loading rate will be necessary. 将在工业化水平上扩大规模,但有必要在有机物负载率更高的情况下对工艺进行进一步的生物技术改进。
This study is part of the project LIFE STEAM. FFE STEAM project has received funding from the LIFE Programme of the European Union 本研究是 LIFE STEAM 项目的一部分。FFE STEAM 项目得到了欧盟 LIFE 计划的资助。