This Guide describes a careful and structured procedure for the inspection of containers. However, because any inspection operation depends largely upon the skill of human beings, the conditions under which it is performed and many other variables, IICL and its members and personnel cannot and do not assume any liability for damage to persons or property or other consequences of any procedures referred to herein. For example, the presence of some contaminants cannot be detected by visual inspection alone, and their removal cannot be assured by means normally available to typical container repair depots. 本指南描述了检验集装箱的谨慎和结构化的程序。然而，由于任何检查操作在很大程度上取决于人的技能、执行条件和许多其他变量，IICL及其成员和人员不能也不会对本文提及的任何程序对人身或财产的损害或其他后果承担任何责任。例如，仅通过目视检查无法检测到某些污染物的存在，并且无法通过典型集装箱维修站通常可用的方法确保将其清除。
CREDITS 学分
Special thanks are extended to Hank Heacox, Engineer Consultant. 特别感谢工程师顾问 Hank Heacox。
Copyright by Institute of International Container Lessors, Ltd., with the exception of Appendix A, Glossary of Terms. Except for such Appendix, all rights reserved; and no portion of this document may be copied, reproduced, stored in a computer or other retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written consent of the Institute. 版权 归国际集装箱出租人协会有限公司所有，但附录 A 术语表除外。除本附录外，保留所有权利;未经本学会事先书面同意，不得以任何形式或任何方式复制、复制、存储或传播本文件的任何部分。
1.1 Purpose of Guide ............................................. 3 1.1 指南.............................................的目的3
1.2 International Convention for Safe Containers (CSC) ..... 4 1.2 国际安全容器公约 （CSC） .....4
1.3 Use of the Guide ..... 4 1.3 指南的使用.....4
SECTION 2 第2节
CONTAINER DESIGN FEATURES ..... 5 容器设计功能.....5 General ..... 5 常规。。。。。5
2.2 Nomenclature ..... 5 2.2 命名法 .....5
2.3 Construction Features of the Container ..... 5 2.3 集装箱.....的构造特点5
2.4 Diagrams Illustrating Container 2.4 说明容器的图表
Construction ..... 8 建设。。。。。8
SECTION 3 第 3 节
INSPECTION TERMS AND CONCEPTS ..... 12 检验术语和概念 .....12
3.1 General ..... 12 3.1 一般.....12
3.2 Gray Areas ..... 13 3.2 灰色地带.....13
3.3 Inspections Must Check for All Types of 3.3 检查必须检查所有类型的
Container Defects ..... 14 容器缺陷.....14
3.4 Determining When and How Much 3.4 确定时间和数量
to Repair: General Principals ..... 14 修复：一般校长.....14
3.5 Examples ..... 15 3.5 示例.....15
3.6 Types of Damage ..... 16 3.6 损坏类型.....16
3.7 Types of Wear ..... 17 3.7 磨损.....类型17
SECTION 4 第4节
FUNDAMENTALS OF DAMAGE 损害的基本原理
INSPECTION CRITERIA. ..... 18 检验标准。.....18
4.1 General Fundamentals ..... 18 4.1 一般基础知识 .....18
SECTION 5 第5节
CRITERIA FOR REPAIRWORTHY 可维修性标准
DAMAGE ..... 19 损伤。。。。。19
5.1 General Criteria ..... 19 5.1 一般标准.....19
TABLE 5.1-RAIL INSPECTION CRITERIA ..... 20 表 5.1-钢轨检查标准 .....20
TABLE 5.2-POST INSPECTION CRITERIA ..... 22 表5.2-检查后标准.....22
TABLE 5.3-SIDE/FRONT PANEL 表 5.3-侧面/前面板
INSPECTION CRITERIA ..... 23 检验标准.....23
TABLE 5.4-DOOR INSPECTION CRITERIA. ..... 25 表 5.4-门检查标准。.....25
TABLE 5.5-ROOF INSPECTION CRITERIA ..... 27 表 5.5-屋顶检查标准 .....27
TABLE 5.6-FLOOR INSPECTION CRITERIA ..... 29 表 5.6-楼层检查标准 .....29
TABLE 5.7-UNDERSTRUCTURE 表 5.7-下部结构
INSPECTION CRITERIA ..... 31 检验标准.....31
TABLE 5.8-MISCELLANEOUS 表 5.8-其他
INSPECTION CRITERIA ..... 34 检验标准.....34
TABLE 5.9-ISO AND ISO TOLERANCES ..... 36 表 5.9-ISO 和 ISO 公差.....36
EXAMPLES OF DAMAGE CONDITIONS 损坏情况示例
Photographs of Damage Conditions ..... 损坏情况的照片 .....
SECTION 6 第6节
FUNDAMENTALS OF DAMAGE 损害的基本原理
MEASUREMENT ..... 59 测量。。。。。59
6.1 Introduction ..... 59 6.1 简介 .....59
6.2 Damage Measurement Methods ..... 61 6.2 损害测量方法 .....61
Figure Drawings of Damage 损坏图
Measurement ..... 62 测量。。。。。62
APPENDIX A 附录A
GLOSSARY OF TERMS ..... 84 术语表 .....84
APPENDIX B 附录B
ISO DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES ..... 98 ISO 尺寸和公差.....98
APPENDIX C 附录C
DIMENSIONS OF GOOSENECK TUNNELS ..... 100 鹅颈隧道的尺寸 .....100
APPENDIX D 附录D
TABLE OF EQUIVALENTS ..... 101 等价物表 .....101
PREFACE
BACKGROUND
OF IICL-6 前言 IICL-6的背景
Since the early 1970's, The Institute of International Containers Lessor, LTD (The IICL) has been setting technical standards and issuing manuals for the inspection and repair of lessor owned containers. Chief among these standards is the inspection standard for dry van containers published in a manual titled Guide for Container Equipment Inspection. These Guides are typically referred to by the letters IICL followed by a dash and the edition number of the Guide. This Guide is the sixth edition, I/CL-6. 自 1970 年代初以来，国际集装箱出租人协会 （IICL） 一直在制定技术标准并发布出租人拥有的集装箱的检查和维修手册。在这些标准中，最主要的是《集装箱设备检验指南》手册中公布的干货车集装箱检验标准。这些指南通常用字母 IICL 后跟破折号和指南的版本号来表示。本指南是第六版，I/CL-6。
New editions of the Guide are typically issued when experience has shown that dimensional inspection criteria should be revised to reflect changing container designs, the lessons of practical experience, and the evolving priorities of lessees and lessors. IICL-6 continues this pattern, but in addition to updating dimensional criteria, the publishers have attempted to address a broader range of issues that have proved problematic to the industry. 新版《指南》通常发布于以下情况：经验表明应修订尺寸检验标准，以反映不断变化的集装箱设计、实践经验的教训以及承租人和出租人不断变化的优先事项。IICL-6延续了这一模式，但除了更新维度标准外，出版商还试图解决更广泛的问题，这些问题已被证明对行业有问题。
Over the years, the container inspection process has been complicated by a proliferation of inspection criteria within both the lessee and lessor communities. These standards vary not only in their dimensional limits but also in the format in which they are specified. IICL-6 represents a concerted effort to reconcile the various standards into a single standard and format with special consideration given to the dimensional criteria that lessees apply to the in-service operation of their owned fleets. 多年来，由于承租人和出租人社区内检验标准的激增，集装箱检验过程变得复杂。这些标准不仅在尺寸限制上有所不同，而且在指定的格式上也有所不同。IICL-6代表了将各种标准协调为单一标准和格式的共同努力，并特别考虑了承租人适用于其自有船队在役运营的尺寸标准。
Experience has shown that inspection criteria sometimes prove difficult to measure in the field with the result that inspectors measuring the same damage but using different measuring methods can come to different conclusions. In addition to being imprecise, certain of the measuring methods were very time consuming and required more than one inspector to accomplish. To eliminate these problems, whenever possible, the IICL-6 dimensional criteria are specified in conjunction with a single, unambiguous measurement method that is easy to apply in the field. 经验表明， 视察标准有时难以在现场衡量，其结果是，视察员测量相同的损坏，但使用不同的测量方法，可以得出不同的结论。除了不精确之外，某些测量方法非常耗时，需要多名检查员才能完成。为了消除这些问题，只要有可能，IICL-6尺寸标准就与一种易于在现场应用的单一、明确的测量方法相结合。
And finally, efforts were made to make the Guide a more user-friendly document. The first five sections of the Guide were streamlined such that they contain the vast majority of the information an inspector needs presented in the shortest and clearest possible manner. And to avoid the inspector having to refer to a second IICL manual, parts of the IICL Guide for Container Damage Measurement that cover basic damage measurement methods were added as Section 6. 最后，还努力使《指南》成为一份更加方便用户的文件。《指南》的前五节经过精简，以尽可能简短和最清晰的方式载有检查员需要提供的绝大多数资料。为了避免检查员不得不参考第二本IICL手册，IICL容器损坏测量指南中涵盖基本损坏测量方法的部分内容被添加为第6节。
SECTION 1 第1节
INTRODUCTION 介绍
1.1 Purpose of Guide 1.1 指南的目的
The efficient interchange of leased containers requires that the lessee be confident that the container he takes on lease will meet certain defined minimum condition standards and that, upon termination of the lease, his obligation for damage repair will be limited to the same standards. 租赁集装箱的有效互换要求承租人确信他所承租的集装箱将符合某些规定的最低条件标准，并且在租赁终止时，其损坏修复义务将限于相同的标准。
One of the primary objectives of the IICL is to establish and distribute interchange inspection standards for the container leasing industry. The single most important set of standards are those related to stress and impact damage on dry van containers. These are usually specified as dimensional deflection limits and are commonly referred to as inspection criteria. The Guide for Container Equipment Inspection /Sixth Edition/IICL-6 is the latest version of those standards. IICL的主要目标之一是为集装箱租赁行业建立和分发交换检查标准。最重要的一套标准是与干货车集装箱的应力和冲击损坏相关的标准。这些通常被指定为尺寸挠度极限，通常称为检查标准。《集装箱设备检验指南》/第六版/IICL-6是这些标准的最新版本。
Although the inspection criteria defined in IICL-6 are the primary condition standards that apply to IICL dry van containers, other standards are necessary to fully define container condition. A complete set of IICL standards for dry van containers would also include General Guide for Container Cleaning / Second Edition, Guide for Container Damage Measurement, Repair Manual for Steel Freight Containers / Fifth Edition, and Supplement on Container Inspection and Repair: Gray Areas / Second Edition. 尽管 IICL-6 中定义的检验标准是适用于 IICL 干货车集装箱的主要条件标准，但要完全定义集装箱状况，还需要其他标准。一套完整的IICL干货集装箱标准还将包括《集装箱清洁通用指南/第二版》、《集装箱损坏测量指南》、《钢制货运集装箱维修手册/第五版》和《集装箱检验和修理补充：灰色地带/第二版》。
IICL publications primarily deal with conditions directly related to the lessees' use of the container, conditions commonly called damage. Conditions related to age related deterioration such as corrosion, conditions commonly called wear, are covered in container owners' publications. Although the IICL does not address wear criteria, the owners' wear criteria or commonly accepted commercial wear criteria must be included as part of the interchange inspection. IICL出版物主要涉及与承租人使用集装箱直接相关的条件，这些条件通常称为损坏。与年龄相关的劣化相关的情况，如腐蚀，通常称为磨损，在集装箱所有者的出版物中都有介绍。虽然 IICL 没有涉及磨损标准，但必须将车主的磨损标准或普遍接受的商业磨损标准作为交换检查的一部分。
The efficiency of the leased container interchange process is based on the consistent application of all inspection standards at both lease-out and off-hire. All IICL inspection standards, recommendations, and definition of terms must be applied consistently both at the on-hire and off-hire interchanges. 租赁集装箱交换过程的效率基于在租赁和停租时一致地应用所有检查标准。所有 IICL 检查标准、建议和术语定义都必须在租用和租用交汇处一致地应用。
1.2 International Convention for Safe Containers (CSC) 1.2 国际安全容器公约（CSC）
An additional purpose of this Guide is to assist in compliance with the International Convention for Safe Containers (CSC). Under the CSC, the owner or, by agreement, the lessee is responsible for the examination of the container to detect defects that could pose a safety risk to personnel. 本指南的另一个目的是协助遵守《国际安全容器公约》（CSC）。根据 CSC，船东或承租人（根据协议）负责检查集装箱，以发现可能对人员构成安全风险的缺陷。
The owner's government will issue directives for implementation of the CSC regulations, but it is generally the case that on-lease and off-lease interchange inspections applying the IICL damage inspection criteria in combination with the owner's wear criteria will meet the CSC requirements for an Approved Continuous Examination Program (ACEP). 业主政府将发布实施 CSC 法规的指令，但一般来说，应用 IICL 损坏检查标准结合业主磨损标准进行的租赁和非租赁立交桥检查将满足 CSC 对批准的持续检查计划 （ACEP） 的要求。
Although the above is generally the case, the publishers make no representation that inspections carried out pursuant to this Guide will meet any specific requirements of any particular government. Container owners are reminded that they are responsible for complying with procedures prescribed or approved by applicable governments. Each owner should check carefully the particular requirements of its government. Inspections should be performed in compliance with all national and local laws, including those regulating safety, the workplace, the environment, and working conditions. 尽管上述情况一般是这样，但出版商并不保证根据本指南进行的检查将满足任何特定政府的任何具体要求。提醒集装箱船东，他们有责任遵守相关政府规定或批准的程序。每个业主都应仔细检查其政府的特殊要求。检查应遵守所有国家和地方法律，包括规范安全、工作场所、环境和工作条件的法律。
1.3 Use of the Guide 1.3 指南的使用
This Guide was published with the assumption that its users would have some technical expertise in dealing with containers, and that in those cases where interpretation is necessary, judgment will be guided by an understanding of both the container's use and the container as a load bearing structure. 本指南的出版假定其用户在处理集装箱方面具有一定的技术专长，并且在需要解释的情况下，判断将以对集装箱用途和集装箱作为承重结构的理解为指导。
SECTION 2 CONTAINER DESIGN FEATURES 第二节 容器设计特点
2.1 General 2.1 一般规定
Inspection requires a basic knowledge of the design features, component names, terminology, and conventions related to the construction of containers. 检测需要对与集装箱构造相关的设计特征、组件名称、术语和惯例有基本的了解。
There are various types of containers designed to accommodate the needs of specific cargoes. This Guide applies to the most common type, the marine steel dry van container. Steel dry vans are an enclosed type of container designed to carry the vast majority of general cargo. Although there are various configurations of dry vans, this Guide deals with the common or long, welded steel container. 有各种类型的集装箱旨在满足特定货物的需求。本指南适用于最常见的类型，即船用钢制干货集装箱。钢制干货车是一种封闭式集装箱，设计用于运载绝大多数普通货物。尽管干货车有多种配置，但本指南涉及普通 或 长焊接钢制集装箱。
2.2 Nomenclature 2.2 命名法
The following definitions and conventions are in common use worldwide: 以下定义和约定在世界范围内普遍使用：
Door and Rear refer to the end of the container containing the door. 门和后部是指包含门的容器的末端。
Front is the end of the container opposite the door. 前面是门对面的容器的末端。
Left and Right refer to the sides toward the left or right, respectively, as viewed from outside the container facing the doors. “左”和“右”分别指从面向门的容器外部看的向左或向右的侧面。
Transverse elements (those positioned perpendicular to the long axis of the container), such as crossmembers and forklift pocket sides, are numbered for identification purposes beginning at the door end. This same numbering convention is also applied to non-transverse components such as roof and side panels. 横向元件（垂直于集装箱长轴的元件），例如横梁和叉车袋侧，从门端开始编号，以便识别。同样的编号约定也适用于非横向部件，如车顶和侧板。
2.3 Construction Features of the Container 2.3 集装箱的构造特点
A container is composed of a rigid steel frame, with panels between the frame members. The frame is the principal structural load-bearing part of the container, and it is composed of the following parts: 容器由刚性钢框架组成，框架构件之间有面板。框架是集装箱的主要结构承重部分，由以下部分组成：
A front end frame consisting of a transiverse front header (or front top rail), two front cerner posts, a front sill (or front bottom rail), and four corner fittings. 前端框架由一个横向前接头（或前顶轨）、两个前杆柱、一个前门槛（或前底轨）和四个角配件组成。
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A rear (or door) end frame consisting of a transverse rear (or door) header (or rear top rail), two rear corner posts, a rear (or door) sill (or rear bottom rail), and four corner fittings. (The rear corner post is usually a composite member; the part that is rearward of the inner post is called a /-bar). 后（或门）端架，由横向后（或门）集管（或后顶轨）、两个后角柱、后（或门）门槛（或后底轨）和四个角配件组成。（后角柱通常为复合构件;内柱后部的部分称为/-杆）。
Longitudinal top (side) rails and bottom (side) rails, which join the end frames together. 纵向上（侧）导轨和底部（侧）导轨，将端架连接在一起。
Transverse crossmembers running between the bottom side rails and supporting the floor. Most 20 -ft and some 40 -ft containers contain special transverse members into which forklift tines can be inserted. These are covered with a plate and called forklift (or "fork") pockets. The bottoms of forklift pocket openings are bridged by forklift pocket straps. 横向横梁在底部侧轨之间运行并支撑地板。大多数 20 英尺和大约 40 英尺的集装箱都包含特殊的横向构件，叉车齿可以插入其中。这些被板覆盖，称为叉车（或“叉子”）口袋。叉车口袋开口的底部由叉车口袋带桥接。
Many 40-ft containers are fitted with a gooseneck tunnel covered with a tunnel plate extending from the front sill toward the door. The tunnel is supported at the rear end by a tunnel bolster, and on the sides by tunnel rails. Crossmembers in the tunnel area are called outriggers, which extend from the bottom side rails to the tunnel rails. 许多 40 英尺的集装箱都装有鹅颈隧道，上面覆盖着从前门槛向门延伸的隧道板。隧道的后端由隧道支撑支撑，两侧由隧道轨道支撑。隧道区域的横梁称为支腿，从底部侧轨延伸到隧道轨道。
Open-section rails are sometimes reinforced by gussets. 开截面导轨有时由角撑板加固。
Between the front end frame members is an end wall composed of front panels, and between the top and bottom side rails are side walls composed of side panels. Corrugated side panels may have flat areas running the full vertical height of the panels near each end called marking panels for placement of markings required by the owner. On some side walls, ventilators may be found just below the top side rail, which allow exchange of air in the container while preventing entry of solids or liquids. 前端框架构件之间是由前面板组成的端壁，顶部和底部侧轨之间是由侧板组成的侧壁。瓦楞侧板可能具有平坦的区域，这些区域在靠近两端的面板的整个垂直高度上运行，称为标记板，用于放置所有者所需的标记。在一些侧壁上，通风机可能位于顶部侧轨的正下方，这允许容器中的空气交换，同时防止固体或液体进入。
Cargo rests on the floor of the container, which is supported by the bottom side rails, the sills and the crossmembers (and forklift pockets, if any). The floor is usually made of plywood panels, solid or laminated hardwood or softwood planks, or a combination of alternating wooden and steel planks. Other materials such as bamboo, plastic or composites are also being developed as flooring material. Plywood panels are sometimes supported longitudinally in the center of the container by a center rail. The section of flooring that extends from the door sill to the first crossmember is 货物放在集装箱的地板上，由底部侧轨、门槛和横梁（以及叉车口袋，如果有的话）支撑。地板通常由胶合板、实心或层压硬木或软木板制成，或交替使用木板和钢板的组合。其他材料，如竹子、塑料或复合材料，也被开发为地板材料。胶合板有时由中心导轨纵向支撑在集装箱的中心。从门槛延伸到第一横梁的地板部分为
which fulfills each of the individual plating requirements. 它满足了每个单独的电镀要求。
Additional identification of containers may be provided by transponders or tags allowing remote reading of data pertaining to a container by electronic means (the data reader is sometimes called an interrogator). 容器的额外标识可以通过应答器或标签提供，允许通过电子方式远程读取与容器有关的数据（数据读取器有时称为询问器）。
Lashing fittings attached to frame members or panels are often provided for securing cargo. 通常提供连接到框架构件或面板的绑扎配件，用于固定货物。
2.4 Diagrams Illustrating Container Construction Diagrams detailing the configuration of container components are shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4. 2.4 集装箱构造图 1、2、3 和 4 中显示了详细说明集装箱组件配置的图。
Fig. 1/General arrangement of 40-foot container components 图1/40英尺集装箱构件总布置
Fig. 2/Exploded diagram-base and flooring of 20-foot container 图2/20英尺集装箱的底座和地板分解图
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Fig. 3/Door (rear) end component detail 图3/车门（后）端部件细节
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Container design features 容器设计特点
Fig. 4/Understructure and tunnel of 40-foot container 图4/40英尺集装箱的下部结构和隧道
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Container design features 容器设计特点
SECTION 3 INSPECTION TERMS AND CONCEPTS 第 3 节 检验术语和概念
3.1 General 3.1 一般规定
As container leasing technical standards and practices evolved over the years, various concepts and the terms describing them came into usage. Unfortunately, in practice certain terms have multiple meanings depending on the context in which they are used, and certain concepts are referred to by more than one term. 多年来，随着集装箱租赁技术标准和实践的发展，各种概念和描述它们的术语开始使用。不幸的是，在实践中，某些术语具有多种含义，具体取决于它们使用的上下文，并且某些概念被多个术语引用。
This section defines and explains the various terms and organizes them in a way that clarifies their interrelationships. It is written in reference to dry van containers, but the concepts generally apply to all equipment types, although the particular documents referenced may not. Not only will it aid the reader in understanding the balance of this manual, but it will provide a basis for understanding all IICL publications. 本节定义和解释各种术语，并以阐明其相互关系的方式组织它们。它是针对干货车集装箱编写的，但这些概念通常适用于所有设备类型，尽管引用的特定文件可能不适用。它不仅有助于读者理解本手册的余韵，而且为理解所有IICL出版物提供基础。
Damaged conditions requiring repair based on an applicable inspection criteria-commonly called repairworthy damage - fall into three general categories: damage, wear & tear, and non-conforming repairs. 根据适用的检查标准需要维修的损坏情况（通常称为可修复损坏）分为三大类：损坏、磨损和不合格维修。
Damage: Damage is a condition resulting from abusive or improper actions or otherwise using the container in a way for which it was not designed. Damage is reasonably avoidable by the user and typically the result of one or a few events. Dents caused by impact are the most common damage. 损坏：损坏是指由于滥用或不当行为或以非设计方式使用容器而导致的情况。用户可以合理地避免损坏，并且通常是一次或几次事件的结果。撞击造成的凹痕是最常见的损坏。
Damage can be measurable. That is, it can be specified as a dimensional limit that can be measured in the field (e.g. the depth of a dent). The scope of this guide is limited to the criteria for measurable damage. 损害是可以测量的。也就是说，它可以指定为可以在现场测量的尺寸极限（例如凹痕的深度）。本指南的范围仅限于可测量损害的标准。
Some types of damage cannot be measured (e.g. cleanliness). These types of damage are covered in photo based guides such as the IICL's General Guide for Container Cleaning / Second Edition). 某些类型的损坏无法测量（例如清洁度）。这些类型的损坏在基于照片的指南中有所介绍，例如 IICL 的容器清洁通用指南/第二版）。
Wear & Tear (Wear): Wear & Tear is a condition that is a result of the normal deterioration of the container when it is used in the way for which. it was designed. Wear & Tear cannot reasonably be avoided by the user, and it is usually the result of continuous deterioration over a long period of time and a large number of events. Corrosion is the most common type of Wear & Tear. 磨损（Wear）：磨损是容器在使用时正常变质的结果。它是设计的。用户无法合理地避免磨损，它通常是长时间持续恶化和大量事件的结果。腐蚀是最常见的磨损类型。
The IICL does not set Wear & Tear standards. IICL没有设定磨损标准。
Wear & Tear standards are set by container owners or are commonly accepted commercial practices that are largely not documented and vary somewhat by location. 磨损标准由集装箱所有者制定，或者是普遍接受的商业惯例，这些惯例在很大程度上没有记录在案，并且因地点而异。
Non-conforming Repairs: Non-conforming repairs (commonly called improper repairs or IRs) are the result of a repair being made in a way different from the methods described in the IICL publication Repair Manual for Steel Freight Containers / Fifth Edition. 不合格维修：不合格维修（通常称为不当维修或 IR）是以与 IICL 出版物《钢制货运集装箱维修手册/第五版》中描述的方法不同的方式进行维修的结果。
A non-conforming repair is not necessarily technically unacceptable or flawed; it just does not conform to standardized IICL repair methods. 不合格的维修不一定在技术上是不可接受的或有缺陷的;它只是不符合标准化的 IICL 修复方法。
Once a repair is determined to be non-conforming, the IICL defers to the owner's policies to determine if the repair needs to be corrected. 一旦确定维修不合格，IICL 将遵循业主的政策来确定是否需要纠正维修。
A repair may be non-conforming because it does not meet a specific technical requirement (e.g. the minimum length of a rail insert) or because the workmanship is substandard (e.g. insufficient weld penetration or poor quality panel straightening). 维修可能不符合特定技术要求（例如，钢轨嵌件的最小长度）或工艺不合格（例如焊缝熔深不足或面板矫直质量差）。
The terms above refer to physical container conditions. Confusing their use is the commercial practice of sometimes using them to describe the allocation of repair cost responsibility between the owner and the user of the container. 上述术语是指物理容器条件。混淆其使用的商业惯例是有时使用它们来描述容器所有者和用户之间维修成本责任的分配。
Repair cost allocation is a commercial matter between container users and owners. The IICL has no position regarding commercial matters, and in this manual, as in all other IICL publications, these terms apply only to container physical conditions. 维修成本分摊是集装箱用户和船东之间的商业问题。IICL对商业事项没有任何立场，在本手册中，与所有其他IICL出版物一样，这些术语仅适用于集装箱的物理条件。
3.2 Gray Areas 3.2 灰色地带
Despite the IICL's efforts that have established one of the most concise and complete sets of damage inspection standards in the shipping industry, there are damage conditions that are impossible to unambiguously standardize or to fully inspect in the field (e.g. plywood floor delamination). These conditions are usually referred to by the general term gray areas. 尽管 IICL 的努力已经建立了航运业中最简洁、最完整的损坏检查标准之一，但仍有一些损坏情况无法明确标准化或在现场进行全面检查（例如胶合板地板分层）。这些情况通常被称为“灰色地带”。
The gray area category overlaps all three of the primary damage categories discussed above. 灰色区域类别与上述所有三个主要损害类别重叠。
The IICL gives some gưidance in the §upplement on Container Inspection and Repair: Gray Areas /Second Edition, but in practice, evolving commercial IICL在《集装箱检验和维修：灰色地带/第二版》一文中给出了一些建议，但在实践中，商业不断发展
practices and owners' policies generally guide the treatment of gray areas. 实践和业主政策通常指导灰色地带的处理。
3.3 Inspections Must Check for All Types of Container Defects 3.3 检验必须检查所有类型的容器缺陷
Although this guide only covers measurable damage, a complete container inspection must also include checks for non-measureable damage, wear, non-conforming repairs, and gray area defects that could compromise the safety or function of the container. 虽然本指南仅涵盖可测量的损坏，但完整的容器检查还必须包括对不可测量的损坏、磨损、不合格维修和可能危及容器安全或功能的灰色区域缺陷的检查。
3.4 Determining When and How Much to Repair: General Principles 3.4 确定何时以及修复多少：一般原则
The limits of damage beyond which repair is indicated are based on comparison with the original, new condition profiles of the container and not the profiles of the container when it was received by the user. 指示维修的损坏限值基于与容器的原始新状况配置文件的比较，而不是用户收到容器时的配置文件。
Damage that measures exactly to a limiting dimension specified in the Section 5 inspection criteria tables does not require repair. Only damage that is greater than the limit must be repaired. 精确测量到第 5 节检查标准表中规定的极限尺寸的损坏不需要维修。只有大于极限的损坏才能修复。
In those cases where a component has been damaged beyond its damage criteria and the component shares common profiles with adjacent and connected components such that a proper repair of one component cannot be done without repairing all adjacent and connected components (e.g. a top side rail, side panel, and roof sheet damaged by a single impact), the adjacent and connected components must be repaired even if they do not exceed their applicable repair criteria. 如果组件的损坏超出了其损坏标准，并且该组件与相邻和连接的组件共享通用轮廓，因此如果不修复所有相邻和连接的组件（例如，顶部侧轨、侧板和车顶板因单次撞击而损坏），就无法对一个组件进行适当的修复， 即使相邻和连接的组件不超过其适用的维修标准，也必须对其进行维修。
In those cases where adjacent damaged components do not share common profiles such that each can be repaired individually (e.g. side, front, or roof ponel corrugations damaged by a single impact or a series of adjacent crossmembers damaged by a single impact), only the component or location damaged beyond the criterion requires repair. 在相邻损坏的部件不共享通用轮廓的情况下，每个部件都可以单独修复（例如，因单次撞击而损坏的侧面、前部或屋顶波纹或因单次撞击而损坏的一系列相邻横梁），只有损坏超出标准的组件或位置需要维修。
Repair must restore the damage as close as possible to the original, new condition profiles and dimensions using the approved repair methods described in the current edition of the IICL publication, REPAIR MANUAL FOR STEEL FREIGHT CONTAINERS. 维修必须使用IICL出版物《钢制货运集装箱维修手册》中描述的经批准的维修方法，将损坏恢复到尽可能接近原始的新状况轮廓和尺寸。
When the Section 5 inspection criteria tables identify specific inspection measurement methods, the results from the specified measurement methods take precedence over all other alternative measurement methods and criteria interpretations. 当第 5 节检查标准表确定特定的检查测量方法时，指定测量方法的结果优先于所有其他替代测量方法和标准解释。
If more than one criterion covers a damage situation, repair is required when any one of the criterion is exceeded. 如果一个以上的标准涵盖损坏情况，则在超过任何一个标准时需要进行维修。
If there is a conflict between metric and U.S. customary dimensions, the metric dimension is to take precedence. 如果公制维度与美国惯用维度之间存在冲突，则以公制维度为准。
3.5 Examples 3.5 示例
A container is presented for inspection with two separate side panel inward dents: one of ( ) and one of (1-9/16 in). Since the first dent measures at the exact limit of , it is not repairworthy. The second dent is greater than the limit and, therefore, requires repair. 一个容器带有两个独立的侧面板向内凹痕： 一个是 （ ） 和一个 （1-9/16 in）。由于第一个凹痕的测量值精确为 ，因此它不值得修复。第二个凹痕大于极限，因此需要修复。
A container is received by the user with an inward side panel dent of ( ). The container had not been repaired prior to delivery to the user because the dent is less than the inward dent criterion of (1-3/8 in). When the container is returned at off-hire, the ( ) dent has been enlarged to ( 2 in). Even though the user only added ( ) to the dent depth, the dent is repairworthy because it exceeds the original, undamaged profile by greater than the criterion limit of . The panel must be repaired to remove the entire (2 in) dent, not just the ( ) added by the most recent user. 用户接收到一个容器，其向内侧板凹痕为 （ ）。容器在交付给用户之前没有修理过，因为 凹痕小于（1-3/8 英寸）的内凹痕标准 。当集装箱在停租时归还时， （ ） 凹痕已扩大到 （ 2 in）。即使用户只在凹痕深度上添加了 （ ），凹痕也是可修复的，因为它超出了原始的、未损坏的轮廓，大于 的标准 限制。必须修复面板以去除整个 （2 英寸） 凹痕，而不仅仅是最近用户添加的 （ ）。
An impact to an upper side of the container causes a (13/16 in) deep dent in the top side rail, which is less than the limit. At the same time, the impact bends the adjacent side panel inward (1-9/16 in), an amount greater than the (1-3/8 in) panel inward dent criterion. Both the top side rail and the panel must be repaired even though the side rail dent is less than the side rail dent limit, as the two components are adjacent to one another and a proper repair cannot be done without repairing both together. 对容器上侧的冲击会导致顶部侧轨出现 （13/16 英寸）深的凹痕，该凹痕小于 极限。同时，冲击使相邻的侧面板向 内弯曲（1-9/16 英寸），其量大于 （1-3/8 英寸）面板向内凹痕标准。即使侧轨凹痕小于侧轨凹痕限制，也必须修复顶部侧轨和面板，因为这两个组件彼此相邻，如果不同时修复两者，就无法进行适当的维修。
A sidé panel inwardedent is straightened. After straightening, the panel still retains a ( in) dent. As the panel has not been 向内拉直的 sidé 面板。拉直后，面板仍保留（ 英寸）凹痕。由于面板尚未
repaired to its original profile and dimensions, this is a non-conforming repair and may have to be corrected according to the owner's policies. 修复到其原始轮廓和尺寸，这是不合格的维修，可能需要根据所有者的政策进行纠正。
3.6 Types of Damage 3.6 损坏类型
Listed below are many (though by no means all) types of damage, which may or may not be repairworthy. Those types whose meaning is not self-evident are further defined. Note that the corrosion, paint failure or destruction of markings that accompanies damage is also considered "damage." 下面列出了许多（但绝不是全部）类型的损坏，这些损坏可能值得修复，也可能不值得修复。对那些含义不言自明的类型进行了进一步定义。请注意，伴随损坏而来的腐蚀、油漆失效或标记的破坏也被视为“损坏”。
Bends. 弯曲。
Bows. 弓。
Breaks. 休息。
Burns. 烧伤。
Cargo debris or dunnage accumulation inside the container. 集装箱内堆积的货物碎片或垫料。
Condensation or standing water. 冷凝水或积水。
Contamination-hazardous. (NOTE: if the contaminating substance is unknown, the inspector should segregate the container and contact the redelivery agent immediately to establish the type of contaminant present and the appropriate method of treatment.) 污染危险。（注意：如果污染物质未知，检查员应隔离容器并立即联系再递送代理，以确定存在的污染物类型和适当的处理方法。
Contamination-non-hazardous. 污染无害。
Corrosion or other defect due to contact with foreign substances. 因接触异物而导致的腐蚀或其他缺陷。
Cracks. 裂缝。
Cuts or tears. 割伤或撕裂。
Dents. 凹 痕。
Dimensions beyond ISO and IICL tolerances. 尺寸超出 ISO 和 IICL 公差。
Failure in door operation due to racking or deformation of door hardware. 由于机架或门五金变形导致的门操作故障。
Floor warping, expansion or delamination due to excess moisture. 由于水分过多，地板翘曲、膨胀或分层。
Holes. 孔。
Infestation. 感染。
Loss of removable components. 可拆卸组件丢失。
Miscellaneous labels, port stickers, graffiti or other markings not appearing on the container when originally received. 杂项标签、端口贴纸、涂鸦或其他标记在最初收到时未出现在容器上。
Persistent odor. 持续性气味。
Scratches and gouges. 划痕和凿痕。
Soil, sand, mud or other residue or dirt. 土壤、沙子、泥土或其他残留物或污垢。
Stains. 污渍。
Tape or glue attached to container surfaces. 胶带或胶水附着在容器表面。
Vandalism-related defects. 与故意破坏相关的缺陷。
Damage frequently results from the improper handling or use of the container. Some of these defects can affect the structural integrity, dimensions (internal or external), watertightness or certification requirements of the container. The user is expected to exercise reasonable care in operating the container. In general, defects resulting from failure to do so are considered “damage." 损坏通常是由于容器的处理或使用不当造成的。其中一些缺陷会影响容器的结构完整性、尺寸（内部或外部）、水密性或认证要求。用户在操作容器时应采取合理的谨慎措施。一般来说，由于不这样做而导致的缺陷被视为“损坏”。
3.7 Types of Wear 3.7 磨损类型
Because the following defects are due to the inevitable and continuous deterioration of the container and are not reasonably avoidable by the user, they are considered wear. Note that such defects are considered to be damage if they result directly from a repairworthy event of damage or misuse of the container. This list is not necessarily complete; owners should be consulted for further guidance. 由于以下缺陷是由于容器不可避免地持续变质造成的，并且用户无法合理避免，因此它们被视为磨损。请注意，如果此类缺陷直接由可维修的损坏事件或容器误用事件引起，则被视为损坏。此列表不一定完整;应咨询业主以获得进一步的指导。
Corrosion of metal components not due to contact with foreign substances. 金属部件的腐蚀不是由于接触异物造成的。
Delamination or rot of wooden components, such as general deterioration of floors, including expansion, shrinkage or warping arising out of normal use. 木构件的分层或腐烂，例如地板的一般劣化，包括因正常使用而引起的膨胀、收缩或翘曲。
Color fading or adhesion failure of decals. 贴花褪色或粘附失败。
Loose or missing parts or markings (except those that are normally removable), in the absence of evidence of accompanying damage. 松动或缺失的部件或标记（通常可拆卸的除外），且没有伴随损坏的证据。
General paint failure or fading not due to contamination. 一般油漆失效或褪色不是由于污染造成的。
General wear, deterioration or surface corrosion of corner fittings. 角接头的一般磨损、劣化或表面腐蚀。
General deterioration at door gaskets and fittings, including loose and corroded fittings or loose fittings arising from normal deterioration of doors (but not including racking, overloading or improper door operation). 门垫圈和配件的一般劣化，包括松动和腐蚀的配件或因门的正常劣化而引起的松动配件（但不包括机架、过载或门操作不当）。
Damage criteria are usually specified as dimensional limits beyond which repair is required. The dimensional limit can be based on the original location of the component prior to it being damaged or a reference plane beyond which the component cannot go. All of the criteria specified in Section 5 are based on one of these two approaches. These concepts are expanded on below: 损坏标准通常被指定为需要维修的尺寸限制。尺寸限制可以基于组件在损坏之前的原始位置，也可以基于组件无法超过的参考平面。第 5 节中规定的所有标准都基于这两种方法之一。这些概念在下面进行了扩展：
Deflection Damage Criteria 挠度损坏标准
This is the most common type of damage inspection criteria. It is based on setting a maximum dimensional limit on how far a component's surface can be permanently deflected from its original position. If the deflection is greater than the limit, repair is required. 这是最常见的损坏检查标准类型。它基于设置最大尺寸限制，即元件表面可以从其原始位置永久偏转的距离。如果挠度大于极限，则需要维修。
Deflection criteria are commonly used for damages such as dents or bows. 挠度标准通常用于凹痕或弯曲等损坏。
Envelope Damage Criteria 信封损坏标准
Envelope damage criteria are based on allowing a component to deflect any amount provided the component stays within a reference plane or between a set of reference planes. The reference planes are usually planes that form an. envelope on one or both sides of the component. The reference planes are often not physical surfaces on the container. Instead, they are virtual planes positioned in space a specified distance from physical surfaces on the container. When a component is permanently deflected beyond the reference plane, repair is required. 包络损坏标准基于允许组件偏转任何量，前提是组件停留在参考平面内或一组参考平面之间。参考平面通常是在元件的一侧或两侧形成包络的平面。参考平面通常不是容器上的物理表面。相反，它们是位于空间中的虚拟平面，距离容器上的物理表面具有指定距离。当组件永久偏转到参考平面之外时，需要进行维修。
Envelope damage criteria are commonly used for out-of-ISO and into-cube damages. 包络损坏标准通常用于超出 ISO 和入立方体的损坏。
SECTION 5 CRITERIA FOR REPAIRWORTHY DAMAGE 第 5 节 可修复损坏的标准
5.1 General Criteria 5.1 一般标准
Tables 5.1 through 5.9 contain details of specific damages that should be checked during an inspection. If damage or a prior repair results in a component exceeding the limits shown, repair is required. For a complete discussion of the application of damage repair criteria, see Section 3.4, page 14, under the subject heading, Determining When and How Much to Repair: General Principles. 表 5.1 至 5.9 包含检查期间应检查的具体损坏的详细信息。如果损坏或先前维修导致组件超过所示限制，则需要维修。有关损坏修复标准应用的完整讨论，请参阅第 14 页第 3.4 节，主题标题为“确定何时修复以及修复多少：一般原则”。
Wear criteria are not covered in this Guide. 本指南未涵盖磨损标准。
Container inspections should cover the entire set of damage criteria along with wear criteria based on the container owner's standards and established industry technical practices. 集装箱检查应涵盖整套损坏标准以及基于集装箱所有者标准和既定行业技术惯例的磨损标准。
EXAMPLES OF DAMAGE CONDITIONS 损坏情况示例
5.1 RAILS 5.1 轨道
REPAIR NOT REQUIRED 无需维修
Top side rail dented less than (1-3/16 in). 顶部侧轨凹陷小 于 （1-3/16 英寸）。
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Bottom side rail torn and weld broken. 底部侧导轨撕裂，焊缝断裂。
5.1 RAILS 5.1 轨道
REPAIR NOT REQUIRED 无需维修
Flange of bottom end rail not torn, cracked or cut, and web undamaged. 底端导轨法兰未撕裂、开裂或切割，腹板未损坏。
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Front header deformed more than (1-3/8 in). 前接头变形超过 （1-3/8 英寸）。
5.1 RAILS 5.1 轨道
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Bottom rail cracked. 底部导轨破裂。
5.2 POSTS 5.2 帖子
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Corner post holed. 角柱有孔。
NEED TO REPAIR UNDETERMINED 需要维修未定
Measure depth of bow in post and also dent in adjacent door panel, and check door operation. NOTE: If either post or door panel is repairworthy, both components must be repaired. 测量柱子上的弓形深度和相邻门板的凹痕，并检查门的操作。注意： 如果柱子或门板是可维修的，则必须修理这两个组件。
October 2016 2016 年 10 月
5.2 POSTS 5.2 帖子
REPAIR NOT REQUIRED 无需维修
Corner post not dented in excess of . 角柱凹陷不超过 .
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Corner post dented more than 20 . 角柱凹陷了20多个 。
5.2 POSTS 5.2 帖子
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
J-bar bend impairs door operation. J 型杆弯曲会损害门的运行。
REPAIR NOT REQUIRED 无需维修
Bent J-bar does not impair door operation or securement. 弯曲的 J 型杆不会影响门的操作或固定。
5.3 SIDE/FRONT PANELS 5.3 侧/前面板
REPAIR NOT REQUIRED 无需维修
Recessed corrugation not bent inward greater than . 凹陷的波纹不向内弯曲大于 。
REPAIR NOT REQUIRED 无需维修
Recessed corrugation not bent inward greater than . 凹陷的波纹不向内弯曲大于 。
NEED TO REPAIR UNDETERMINED 需要维修未定
If side wall outward deflection exceeds (1-3/16 in) measured on an inside recessed corrugation, repair is required. 如果侧壁向外挠度超过在内凹波纹上测量的 （1-3/16 英寸），则需要维修。
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Front wall outward deflection exceeds (9/16 in) measured on an inside recessed corrugation. 前壁向外挠度超过在内凹波纹上测量的 （9/16 英寸）。
2.4 DOORS 2.4 门
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Hole in door panel 门板上的孔
REPAIR NOT REQUIRED 无需维修
Bent door handle does not imfair door operation or securement. 弯曲的门把手不会对门的操作或固定造成不公平的影响。
2.4 DOORS 2.4 门
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Broken locking bar guide. 锁杆导轨损坏。
REPAIR NOT REQUIRED 无需维修
Door panel is dented less than 门板凹陷小于
in) into cube. in） 到立方体中。
2.4 DOORS 2.4 门
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Cut door gasket; container not lighttight. 切割门垫片;容器不轻密。
5.5 ROOFS 5.5 屋顶
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Corner protection plate holed. 边角保护板有孔。
NEED TO REPAIR UNDETERMINED 需要维修未定
If downward dent is more than (1-9/16 in) below the top surfaces of the top side rails, repair is required. 如果向下凹痕超过顶部侧轨顶面以下 （1-9/16 英寸），则需要维修。
5.5 ROOFS 5.5 屋顶
REPAIR NOT REQUIRED 无需维修
Damage to header extension plate does not reduce internal dimensions by more than (1-9/16 in). 集管延长板的损坏不会使内部尺寸减少超过 （1-9/16 英寸）。
NEED TO REPAIR UNDETERMINED 需要维修未定
If upward dent is more than above the top surfaces of the top side rails, repair-is required. 如果向上凹痕超过顶部侧轨的顶面 以上，则需要维修。
5.6 FLOORS 5.6 层楼
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Fasteners missing. 紧固件缺失。
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Splintered. 分裂。
5.6 FLOORS 5.6 层楼
REPAIR NOT REQUIRED 无需维修
Gouge in top veneer of plywood less than ( ) wide and in) deep. 胶合板顶部单板的凿孔宽度和 深度小于 （）和深度。
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Heights of adjacent plywood panels differ by more than (3/16 in). 相邻胶合板的高度相差超过 （3/16 英寸）。
5.6 FLOORS 5.6 层楼
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Gouge in floor boards more than in) deep. 在地板上凿得比 在）深。
5.7 UNDERSTRUCTURE 5.7 下部结构
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Forklift pocket side holed. 叉车口袋侧孔。
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Forklift pocket strap weld cracked. 叉车口袋带焊缝破裂。
5.7 UNDERSTRUCTURE 5.7 下部结构
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Crossmember web deformed more than (2 in). 横梁腹板变形超过 （2英寸）。
REPAIR REOUIRED 修复 REOUIRED
Forklift pocket strap missing. 叉车口袋带丢失。
REPAIR NOT REQUIRED 无需维修
Bottom flange of forklift pocket side not torn, cracked or cut. < 叉车袋侧底部法兰未撕裂、开裂或切割。<
5.8 MISCELLANEOUS INSPECTION CRITERIA 5.8 杂项检查标准
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Broken weld on lashing fitting. 绑扎配件上的焊缝断裂。
REPAIR REQUIRED 需要维修
Loose markings required by international standard. 国际标准要求的松散标记。
SECTION 6 FUNDAMENTALS OF DAMAGE MEASUREMENT 第 6 节 损害测量的基础知识
6.1 Introduction 6.1 引言
This section is best understood if the reader is familiar with Section 2 of the IICL publication Guide for Container Damage Measurement. 如果读者熟悉 IICL 出版物《集装箱损坏测量指南》的第 2 节，则最好理解本节。
There are three different approaches to measuring damage. The approach used depends on how the damage limit is specified. See Section 4 for an explanation of the alternative ways that damage inspection criteria are specified. 有三种不同的方法来测量损坏。使用的方法取决于如何指定损坏限制。有关指定损坏检查标准的替代方法的解释，请参阅第 4 节。
1) Deflection Measurement 1） 挠度测量
Deflection damage criteria are checked using deflection measurement methods: a string line is used to locate the original undamaged surface of a component, and a scale is used to measure the distance from the string line to the damaged surface. If the measured distance exceeds the criterion, repair is required. 使用挠度测量方法检查挠度损坏标准：使用弦线定位组件的原始未损坏表面，使用刻度测量从弦线到损坏表面的距离。如果测量的距离超过标准，则需要维修。
This is the most common measurement technique. It is used for inspection criteria such as dent depths. 这是最常见的测量技术。它用于检测标准，例如凹痕深度。
Figure 6.9 shows an example of a deflection measurement being used to check the Table 5.2 in) corner post dent criterion. 图 6.9 显示了用于检查表 5.2 in） 角柱凹痕准则的挠度测量示例。
Envelope Measurement 包络测量
Envelope damage criteria are checked using envelope measurement methods: a string line is used to locate the reference plane. If the damaged surface touches the string line, repair is required. 使用包络测量方法检查包络损坏标准：使用弦线定位参考平面。如果损坏的表面接触弦线，则需要维修。
This technique is use to inspect into-cube and out-of-ISO (also known as ISO +) damage criteria. Figure 6.10 shows examples of envelope measurements being used to check Table 5.2 corner post out-of-ISO criteria. 此技术用于检查立方体内和ISO外（也称为ISO +）损坏标准。图 6.10 显示了用于检查表 5.2 角柱不符合 ISO 标准的包络测量示例。
Reference Dimension Measurement 参考尺寸测量
As it is sometimes difficult to locate the reference plane at the damage point when checking envelope criteria, the IICL introduced the reference dimension concept: based on standard container designs, the distances from undamaged components to the reference planes specified in envelope criteria were calculated. These distances became the reference dimensions, and damages that exceed the reference dimensions are defined as exceeding the envelope criteria that they were based on. As reference dimensions are measured using deflection measurement techniques, difficult to measure envelope criteria are converted to easier to measure deflection criteria. 由于在检查包络标准时有时很难在损坏点找到参考平面，因此 IICL 引入了参考尺寸概念：根据标准容器设计，计算从未损坏的部件到包络标准中指定的参考平面的距离。这些距离成为参考尺寸，超过参考尺寸的损坏被定义为超过它们所基于的包络标准。由于参考尺寸是使用挠度测量技术测量的，因此难以测量的包络标准被转换为更容易测量的挠度标准。
As an example, the ISO reference plane for container side panels is the vertical plane of the corner casting side faces. In a standard container design, this plane is located outward of the faces of the outside standing corrugations. An ISO + envelope criteria would allow the side faces of the outside standing corrugations to move outward a maximum of 8 or , which is equivalent to a outward deflection of an inside recessed corrugation. For ease of reading measuring scales, is rounded to , and becomes the reference dimension for the ISO side panel criterion as specified in Table 5.3. Figure 6.3 shows how this measurement is made. 例如，集装箱侧面板的 ISO 参考平面是角铸件侧面的垂直平面。在标准容器设计中，该平面位于 外部直立波纹面的外侧。ISO + 包络标准将允许外立波纹的侧面向外移动最多 8 或 ，这相当于内凹波纹的 向外偏转。为了便于阅读测量刻度， 四舍五入为 ，并成为 表 5.3 中指定的 ISO 侧面板标准的参考尺寸。图 6.3 显示了如何进行此测量。
To avoid having both out-of-ISO (ISO +) envelope criteria and reference dimension criteria for the same types of damages, IICL-6 no longer specifies an out-ofISO (ISO+) criteria for front panel outward deflection, side panel outward deflection, roof panel upward deflection, and crossmember downward deflection. Instead, only deflection limits are specified for these components and damage types. 为避免对相同类型的损坏同时使用超出 ISO （ISO +） 的包络标准和参考尺寸标准，IICL-6 不再规定前面板向外偏转、侧板向外偏转、顶板向上偏转和横梁向下偏转的超出 ISO （ISO+） 标准。相反，仅为这些组件和损坏类型指定了挠度限制。
Out-of-ISO and ISO + envelope criteria are limited to components where reference dimensions cannot be used such as corner posts as noted in Table 5.2 and other frame components as listed in Table 5.9. 超出 ISO 和 ISO + 包络标准仅限于不能使用参考尺寸的组件，例如表 5.2 中提到的角柱和表 5.9 中列出的其他框架组件。
DAMAGE MEASUREMENT METHODS 损害测量方法
Figures 6.1 through 6.20 show examples of the more common damage measurement methods. 图 6.1 至 6.20 显示了更常见的损害测量方法的示例。
For a complete discussion of damage measurement techniques covering all dry van components and various unusual and difficult measuring situations, reference the IICL Guide for Container Damage Measurement. 有关涵盖所有干货车部件以及各种异常和困难测量情况的损坏测量技术的完整讨论，请参阅 IICL 集装箱损坏测量指南。
Fig. 6.5A/Outward Roof Damage Criterion: Tube Type 图6.5A/屋面外侧损坏标准：管型
Measuring Outward Roof Damage Tube Type Top Side Rail 测量向外的屋顶损坏管型顶部侧轨
Fig. 6.5B/Measuring Outward Roof Damage: Tube Type 图6.5B/测量屋面外侧损伤：管式
Inward/Into-Cube Roof Damage Criterion Tube Type Top Side Rail 向内/向立方体屋顶损坏标准管型顶部侧轨
Fig. 6.6A/Inward Roof Damage Criterion: Tube Type 图6.6A/向内屋面损坏标准：管型
Measuring Inward/Into-Cube Roof Damage Tube Type Top Side Rail 测量向内/向立方体的屋顶损坏管型顶部侧轨
Fig. 6.6B/Measuring Inward Roof Damage: Tube Type 图6.6B/测量屋顶向内损坏：管式
Outward Roof Damage Criterion 向外屋顶损坏标准
Flat Bar Type Top Side Rail 扁平杆型顶部侧轨
Fig. 6.7A/Outward Roof Damage Criterion: Flat Bar Type 图6.7A/屋面外向损伤标准：扁钢型
Measuring Outward Roof Damage Flat Bar Type Top Side Rail 测量向外的屋顶损坏扁钢型顶部侧轨
Fig. 6.7B/Measuring Outward Roof Damage: Flat Bar Type 图6.7B/测量屋面外侧损坏：扁钢型
Inward/Into-Cube Roof Damage Criterion Flat Bar Type Top Side Rail 向内/向立方体屋顶损坏标准 扁钢型 顶部侧轨
Fig. 6.8A/Inward Roof Damage Criterion: Flat Bar Type 图6.8A/屋面内向损坏标准：扁钢型
Measuring Inward/Into-Cube Roof Damage Flat Bar Type Top Side Rail 测量向内/向立方体的屋顶损坏扁平杆型顶部侧轨
Fig. 6.8B/Measuring Inward Roof Damage: Flat Bar Type 图6.8B/测量屋面向内损伤：扁钢型
73 Fundamentals of measurement 73 测量基础
MEASURING "DENT" 测量“凹痕”
Fig. 6.9/Measuring Corner Post Damage 图6.9/测量角柱损伤
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75 Fundamentals of measurement 75 测量基础
Fig. 6.11/Measuring Top Side Rail Dents 图 6.11/测量顶部侧轨凹痕
POSIMON LNE SUCH THAT ONLY WEB DEFLECTION IS MEASURED. DO NOT INCLUDE FLANGE DEFLECTION. IF THIS DIMENSION EXCEEDS 50 MM (2 IN), REPAIR IS REQUIRED. POSIMON LNE使得仅测量卷材挠度。不包括法兰挠度。如果此尺寸超过 50 毫米（2 英寸），则需要维修。
Fig. 6.12/Measuring Bottom Side Rail Damage 图6.12/测量底侧导轨损伤
Fig. 6.15/Measuring Crossmember Web Damage 图 6.15/测量横梁腹板损伤
October 2016 2016 年 10 月
Fig. 6.17/Measuring Crossmember to Floor Separation 图 6.17/测量横梁与地板的分离
October 2016 2016 年 10 月
81 Fundamentals of measurement 81 测量基础
APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMS 附录 术语表
Following is a glossary of terms, in alphabetical order, for components and types of damage and wear. Also included are terms, including abbreviations, relating to documentation requirements. 以下是按字母顺序排列的部件和损坏和磨损类型的术语表。还包括与文件要求相关的术语，包括缩写。
Anti-Rack Device 防机架装置
Hardware normally attached to doors to provide additional strength and stiffness to the door and end frame assembly. Such a device allows containers to withstand greater transverse twisting (racking) forces. 硬件通常连接到门上，为门和端框组件提供额外的强度和刚度。这种装置使容器能够承受更大的横向扭曲（货架）力。
Australian Timber Component Treatment
See TCT. 澳大利亚木材成分处理见TCT。
Bend 弯曲
A deflection in a structural component which causes the component to change direction from that of its original design. 结构构件中的挠度，导致构件改变其原始设计的方向。
Blade 叶片
Hinge component permanently attached by welding or bolting to the door. 铰链组件通过焊接或螺栓固定在门上。
Bottom Flange 底部法兰
See FLANGE. 请参见法兰。
Bottom Frame (Understructure) 底架（下部结构）
The lower structural support for the floor, panels and posts. 地板、面板和柱子的下部结构支撑。
Bottom Side Rail 底部侧轨
A structural component running longitudinally along the bottom sides of a container between the end frames. 沿容器底侧纵向延伸的结构构件，位于端架之间。
Bow
A gradual (not abrupt) deformation of the entire length of the component in a direction perpendicular to that length. 组件的整个长度在垂直于该长度的方向上逐渐（而不是突然）变形。
Broken 破碎
Fractured or shattered into two or more separate pieces. 断裂或破碎成两个或多个独立的碎片。
Bushing 套管
A tubular enclosure surrounding a rotating shaft which reduces friction against rotation, and may reduce electrolytic corrosion. 围绕旋转轴的管状外壳，可减少旋转摩擦，并可减少电解腐蚀。
Caulking (Sealant) 填缝（密封胶）
Material used to seal all joints and riveted seams to ensure watertightness. Caulking is used between wood flooring and board edges, sides and end frame assembly. 用于密封所有接头和铆接缝的材料，以确保水密性。填缝剂用于木地板和木板的边缘、侧面和端框组件之间。
Center Rail 中心导轨
A steel section, found in many containers with plywood panel flooring, running along the center of the container from the rear sill to the front sill (or to the tunnel bolster) and separating the plywood panels along the longitudinal center line. This component often has a "hat-shaped" section, but a flat bar may also be used in some cases for the same center rail function. 在许多带有胶合板地板的集装箱中发现的钢型截面，沿着集装箱的中心从后门槛延伸到前门槛（或隧道支撑），并沿纵向中心线将胶合板板分开。该组件通常具有“帽子形”部分，但在某些情况下也可以使用扁平杆来实现相同的中心导轨功能。
Chassis 底盘
A vehicle built specifically for the purpose of transporting a container, so that when the chassis and container are assembled, the unit produced serves the same function as a road trailer. 专门为运输集装箱而建造的车辆，因此当底盘和集装箱组装时，生产的单元具有与公路拖车相同的功能。
Consolidated Data Plate 综合铭牌
A single rectangular marking plate affixed to the door which contains certification information applicable to more than one convention, regulation or other certification. 贴在门上的单个矩形标记板，其中包含适用于多个公约、法规或其他认证的认证信息。
Container 容器
A rectangular structure of standardized dimensions, designed to carry unit loads, packages or bulk cargo, and which is quickly transferable as a complete module between a number of modes of transportation. (Unless otherwise stated, this manual refers to "dry-van" or closed containers, whose cargo space is enclosed and weathertight when the container is carrying cargo.) 标准化尺寸的矩形结构，设计用于承载单位负载、包裹或散装货物，并且可作为一个完整的模块在多种运输方式之间快速转移。（除非另有说明，否则本手册是指“干货车”或封闭式集装箱，其货物空间在集装箱运载货物时是封闭的和密封的。
Contamination (Hazardous) 污染（有害）
Any residue, wet or dry, of a known harmful nature or of an unknown nature that may be harmful to human life or health. If the nature of contamination is unknown, the redelivering agent must be contacted immediately for advice. The International Maritime Dangerous Goods code (IMDG code) requires hazardous debris to be removed. See also CONTAMINATION (NONHAZARDOUS) and HAZARDOUS CARGO LABELS. 任何已知有害性质或可能对人类生命或健康有害的未知性质的残留物，无论是湿的还是干的。如果污染的性质未知，必须立即联系再输送剂寻求建议。国际海运危险货物规则（IMDG规则）要求清除危险碎片。另请参阅污染（非危险）和危险货物标签。
Contamination (Non-Hazardous) 污染（无害）
Any residue, wet or dry, that is known not to be hazardous. This includes cargo packaging and dunnage, as well as any material or substance which has permeated or is clinging to (or can permeate or cling to) the container. However, stains that have permeated into the container but that do not harm cargo are not considered "contamination." See also 任何已知无害的残留物，无论是湿的还是干的。这包括货物包装和垫料，以及任何已经渗透或粘附（或可能渗透或粘附）集装箱的材料或物质。但是，已渗入集装箱但不会损害货物的污渍不被视为“污染”。另请参阅
CONTAMINATION (HAZARDOUS). 污染（有害）。
Corner Fitting (Corner Casting) 转角配件（转角铸造）
A steel component located at each of the container's eight corners (top and bottom) and welded to corner post and rail. The corner fitting (or corner casting) has apertures allowing the container to be handled, stacked and secured. 一种钢构件，位于集装箱的八个角（顶部和底部）中的每一个角，并焊接到角柱和导轨上。转角配件（或转角铸件）具有孔，可以处理、堆叠和固定容器。
An additional plate attached to the container roof, adjacent to the top corner fittings, providing protection from misuse of spreader equipment. 附加板连接到集装箱顶部，靠近顶角配件，可防止滥用吊具设备。
Corner Post 角柱
A structural component running vertically from top to bottom at each corner of the container's end frames. 从上到下垂直运行在容器端框架每个角的结构组件。
Cracked 破获
Having a break which penetrates the entire thickness of material and causes it to split slightly. In addition, if a weld between two panels or two different metal components has any break in it, even if the entire thickness of the weld material is not penetrated, that weld is considered "cracked." 有一个断裂，穿透材料的整个厚度并导致其轻微分裂。此外，如果两块面板或两个不同金属部件之间的焊缝有任何断裂，即使焊缝材料的整个厚度没有被穿透，该焊缝也被认为是“裂纹”。
Crossmember 横梁
A transverse component, other than a sill, tunnel bolster or forklift pocket, attached to the bottom side rails and supporting the floor. 除门槛、隧道垫或叉车口袋外，连接到底部侧轨并支撑地板的横向部件。
CSC (International Convention for Safe Containers, 1972) An international treaty which entered into force on September 6,1977, requiring safety approval of all containers, the affixing of a safety approval plate ("CSC plate"), inspection at intervals thereafter, and maintenance in safe condition. The CSC is administered by individual governments with the advice of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), a branch of the United Nations. CSC（国际安全集装箱公约，1972 年） 1977 年 9 月 6 日生效的国际条约，要求所有集装箱获得安全批准，贴上安全批准牌（“CSC 牌照”），此后每隔一段时间进行检查，并在安全状态下进行维护。CSC 由各国政府根据联合国分支机构国际海事组织 （IMO） 的建议进行管理。
Cubic Capacity ( 4 Cube") 立方容量 （ 4 Cube“）
Useable internal load-carrying space within a container, expressed in cubic feet, cubic meters , gallons or liters. Also called "available cube" or simply "cube." 容器内可用的内部承载空间，以立方英尺、立方米 、加仑或升表示。也称为“可用立方体”或简称为“立方体”。
Customs Plate 海关板块
A marking plate permanently affixed to the container which indicates compliance with the Customs Convention on Containers. 永久贴在集装箱上的标记牌，表明符合《集装箱海关公约》。
Customs Seal 海关印章
A temporary device fitted to the container that prevents the container from being opened without detection. 安装在容器上的临时装置，可防止容器在未被发现的情况下被打开。
Cut
Separated throughout the entire thickness of material along a sharp edge. 沿着锋利的边缘在整个材料厚度中分离。
Decal 贴花
A self-adhesive, non-metallic marking permanently attached to the container. 永久附着在容器上的自粘性非金属标记。
Dent 凹痕
A localized depression in a panel or structural member made by pressure or an impact or blow that causes an abrupt change in the shape of a component over a limited area of the component. 面板或结构构件中由压力或冲击或打击形成的局部凹陷，导致组件在组件的有限区域内突然变化。
Door 门
Usually two rear-end opening sections hinged to the comer posts and retained in closed position by door locking bars or other hardware. 通常，两个后端开口部分铰接在来柱上，并通过门锁杆或其他硬件保持在关闭位置。
Door Frame 框
An assembly of structural members supporting the door panels. 支撑门板的结构构件组件。
Door Gasket (Door Seal) 门垫片（门封）
A piece of rubber or other flexible material attached to the door edges in order to provide a waterproof seal between the door and the end frame of the container. 一块橡胶或其他柔性材料附着在门的边缘，以便在门和容器的端框之间提供防水密封。
Door Handle 门把手
A device attached to each locking bar, used to rotate the bar when opening, closing and locking the container door. 连接到每个锁定杆的装置，用于在打开、关闭和锁定集装箱门时旋转杆。
Door Handle Catch 门把手锁扣
The rotating part of the door handle retainer assembly that locks the handle in a closed position. 门把手固定器组件的旋转部分，用于将把手锁定在关闭位置。
Door Handle Retainer 门把手固定器
A device to hold the door handle in a closed position. 将门把手保持在关闭位置的装置。
EIR
An abbreviation for "Equipment Interchange Receipt." A document executed at the time of delivery, which attests to the interchange of a container, and which is normally signed by both parties. “设备交换收据”的缩写。在交货时签署的文件，证明集装箱的互换，通常由双方签字。
End Frame 端架
The components at either end of a container consisting of two corner posts, top and bottom corner fittings, header (top end rail) and sill (bottom end rail). The end frame components include the end frame plus the front wall and the doors, including all door hardware. 集装箱两端的组件由两个角柱、顶角和底角配件、集管（顶端导轨）和门槛（底端导轨）组成。端框组件包括端框、前壁和门，包括所有门五金件。
End Wall 端壁
The panels forming the front wall of the container 形成集装箱前壁的面板
Flange (Includes Bottom Flange and Top Flange) A protruding edge used to strengthen a structural member by resisting tension or compression forces. The bottom flange is below the vertical portion (web) of the member and the top flange is above the web. 法兰（包括底部法兰和顶部法兰） 一种突出的边缘，用于通过抵抗拉力或压缩力来加强结构构件。底部法兰位于杆件的垂直部分（腹板）下方，顶部法兰位于腹板上方。
Floor 地板
The main structure supporting the contents or cargo of the container, which is in turn supported by crossmembers and rails. 支撑集装箱内容物或货物的主要结构，而集装箱又由横梁和导轨支撑。
Forklift Pocket 叉车口袋
A special transverse component on the base structure of most 20 -ft and some 40 -ft containers enabling a forklift truck to insert tines in order to lift and handle the container. The forklift pocket is enclosed with a top plate, sides, and a bottom plate ("strap") at each end of the pocket entrance. It extends through the bottom rails, forming an open "pocket" inside the rails. (See Figure 2.) 大多数 20 英尺和一些 40 英尺集装箱的底座结构上的特殊横向部件，使叉车能够插入尖齿以提升和搬运集装箱。叉车口袋在口袋入口的两端都有一个顶板、侧面和一个底板（“带子”）。它穿过底部导轨，在导轨内形成一个开放的“口袋”。（请参阅图 2。
Forklift Pocket Strap 叉车口袋带
The plate welded to the bottom of each forklift pocket entrance. 该板焊接到每个叉车口袋入口的底部。
Frame 框架
The peripheral structural assembly, including corner fittings, rails and/or posts, around one face of the container. 围绕集装箱一侧的外围结构组件，包括角配件、导轨和/或立柱。
Front End Frame 前端框架
The frame containing the end wall (opposite the door end). 包含端壁的框架（与门端相对）。
Front Panel 前面板
An individual flat or corrugated sheet contained in the end wall. 端壁中包含的单个平面或瓦楞纸板。
Front Sill 前门槛
The lower transverse member (or rail) of the front end frame joining the bottom corner fittings. 连接底角配件的前端框架的下横构件（或导轨）。
Gooseneck 鹅颈管
On a drop-frame chassis, the upper level of the front of the chassis, together with the structure connecting it to the lower level behind it. The gooseneck rails normally fit into a tunnel recess of containers so constructed. 在落架机箱上，机箱前部的上层，以及将其连接到其后面的下层的结构。鹅颈导轨通常安装在如此构造的集装箱的隧道凹槽中。
Gooseneck Tunnel 鹅颈隧道
Recess built into the understructure of most and all high-cube containers designed to mate with the gooseneck structure of a chassis. The tunnel lowers the height of the front header of the container above the ground when carried on a gooseneck chassis. 凹槽内置于大多数 和所有高立方体容器的底部结构中，旨在与机箱的鹅颈结构配合。当在鹅颈底盘上运输时，隧道将集装箱前集管的高度降低到地面以上。
Gouge 抉
A cavity in the surface of flooring with material scooped out. The width of the gouge is the smaller horizontal direction, regardless of the orientation of the gouge. 地板表面的空腔，挖出材料。无论气刨的方向如何，气刨的宽度都是较小的水平方向。
Gusset 节点
Reinforcement plate normally welded in place. 钢筋板通常焊接到位。
Hazardous Cargo Labels 危险货物标签
Labels which are affixed to a container to warn of the presence of hazardous cargo inside during shipment. A list of required labels appears in the IMDG code. These labels are required by the IMDG code to be removed from a container after the cargo has been discharged. See also LABELS. 贴在集装箱上的标签，以警告运输过程中内部存在危险货物。所需标签列表显示在 IMDG 代码中。国际海运危险货物代码要求在货物卸货后从集装箱中取出这些标签。另请参阅 LABELS。
Header, Front and Rear (Door) 前部和后部（门）接头
The upper transverse member (or rail) of the front end frame or rear end frame joining the top corner fittings. 连接顶角配件的前端框架或后端框架的上横向构件（或导轨）。
Header Extension Plate 集管扩展板
The portion of a front or rear header that extends beyond a transverse line joining the blind walls of the respective corner fittings and that is used to protect the roof from damage. (See diagram accompanying Table 5.5.) 前部或后部集管部分，其延伸超出连接相应角配件盲壁的横线，用于保护屋顶免受损坏。（参见表 5.5 随附的图表。
Hinge 铰链
Fitting on which the door rotates. 门旋转的配件。
Hinge Butt 铰链对接
See LUG. 请参见 LUG。
Hinge Pin 铰链销
See PIN. 请参见 PIN 码。
Holdback (Tieback) Holdback （Tieback） （挽回）
Piece of hardware or nylon rope to hold door in the open position when loading or unloading. 装卸时将门保持在打开位置的一块五金或尼龙绳。
Holed 打孔
Perforated through the entire thickness (or part of the thickness) of a component. 穿孔穿过组件的整个厚度（或部分厚度）。
International Convention for Safe Containers, 1972 1972 年《国际安全容器公约》
See CSC. 请参见 CSC。
ISO
Abbreviation for the International Organization for Standardization, an international standards-writing body composed of national standards associations. 国际标准化组织（International Organization for Standardization）的缩写，是一个由国家标准协会组成的国际标准编写机构。
Headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. Technical work is carried out by technical committees (TC's), such as ISO/TC104 (freight container committee). 总部设在瑞士日内瓦。技术工作由技术委员会 （TC） 进行，例如 ISO/TC104（货运集装箱委员会）。
ISO Markings ISO标志
Markings placed on a container in conformance with ISO standards. 在容器上放置的标记符合 ISO 标准。
J-Bar J-酒吧
The portion of the outer post that extends from the rearmost edge of the rear portion of the corner post and that encircles the door hinges. 从角柱后部的最后边缘延伸并环绕门铰链的外柱部分。
Keeper
Locking bar cam retainer. Keeper 锁定杆凸轮固定器。
Labels 标签
For the purpose of this Guide, temporary stickers or other markings attached to the container by a user. See also HAZARDOUS CARGO LABELS. 就本指南而言，用户在容器上贴上临时贴纸或其他标记。另请参阅危险货物标签。
Laminated Floor 强化木地板
Wooden flooring composed of longitudinally laid planks each of which is composed of sections laminated longitudinally and bonded to one another. 木地板由纵向铺设的木板组成，每块木板都由纵向层压并相互粘合的部分组成。
Lashing Fittings 绑扎配件
Cargo tie-down fittings for the attachment of straps or other devices to restrain movement of cargo. 货物系紧配件，用于连接带子或其他装置，以限制货物的移动。
Lining (Dry-Van Container) 衬里（干货集装箱）
Plywood or other material attached to the interior side and end walls and/or roof to protect the cargo. 胶合板或其他材料附着在内侧和端壁和/或屋顶上，以保护货物。
Locking Bar (Rod) 锁杆（杆）
The vertical shaft or rod to which the cam locks are fitted. When rotated, the cams may be locked in the cam retainer, forming an integral part of the door frame assembly. 安装凸轮锁的垂直轴或杆。旋转时，凸轮可以锁定在凸轮固定器中，形成门框组件的组成部分。
Locking Bar Bracket 锁杆支架
A device attaching the locking bar to the top and bottom of a door, usually containing a bushing. 将锁杆连接到门的顶部和底部的装置，通常包含衬套。
Locking Bar Cam 锁定杆凸轮
The part of the door securing device (locking bar) that engages the retainer which, by lever action, forms the cam lock. 门固定装置（锁杆）与固定器啮合的部分，通过杠杆作用形成凸轮锁。
Locking Bar Cam Retainer 锁定杆凸轮固定器
The component which retains the cam locking device when the door is locked. This component is often called a "keeper" or "cam keeper." 在门被锁定时保留凸轮锁定装置的部件。此组件通常称为“守门员”或“凸轮守门员”。
Locking Bar Guide 锁定杆指南
A component, intermediate to the locking bar brackets, which holds the locking bar to the door in proper alignment. 一个组件，位于锁杆支架的中间，用于将锁杆与门保持正确对齐。
Lug (or Hinge Butt) 凸耳（或铰链对接）
Hinge component permanently attached by welding to the rear corner post. 铰链部件通过焊接永久固定在后角柱上。
Manufacturer's Data Plate 制造商的铭牌
A marking plate normally identifying manufacturer's identification and serial number. 通常用于识别制造商标识和序列号的标记牌。
Marking Panel 标记面板
A panel of a corrugated side wall containing a flat portion used for the display of markings. 波纹侧壁的面板，包含用于显示标记的平坦部分。
Marking Plates 标记板
Durable plates which are permanently fixed to a container, upon which is contained certification or manufacturers information. 永久固定在容器上的耐用板，容器上包含认证或制造商信息。
Maximum Gross Weight (Maximum Gross Mass, MGW) 最大毛重（最大总质量，MGW）
The sum, as certified by a classification society or manufacturer, of the tare (empty) weight (mass) of a container plus the maximum allowable weight (nass) of its contents (payload or cargo). 经船级社或制造商认证的集装箱皮重（空重）与其内容物（有效载荷或货物）的最大允许重量（nass）之和。
Net Weight 净重
See PAYLOAD. 请参阅 PAYLOAD。
Non-Repairworthy 不可维修
Damage or wear defects which do not have to be repaired because they are within all criteria limits specified in this Guide. 无需修复的损坏或磨损缺陷，因为它们在本指南规定的所有标准限制范围内。
Outrigger 支腿
A short crossmember connecting the tunnel rail to the bottom side rail. 连接隧道轨道和底部侧轨的短横梁。
Payload (Net Weight) 有效载荷（净重）
The total weight (mass) of the cargo or contents of the container, including removable cargo securement devices, dunnage, etc., but excluding the container and permanently installed fittings. It is also referred to as the net weight (mass) of the container. If the maximum permissible payload (net) is not marked on the container, it may be derived by subtracting the tare weight from the marked and tested maximum gross weight (mass) rating of the container. 货物的总重量（质量）或集装箱内的物品，包括可拆卸的货物固定装置、垫料等，但不包括集装箱和永久安装的配件。它也被称为容器的净重（质量）。如果容器上没有标明最大允许有效载荷（净重），则可以通过从集装箱标记和测试的最大毛重（质量）额定值中减去皮重来得出。
Pin (or Hinge Pin) 销（或铰链销）
Hinge component attaching the hinge blade to the lug. 将铰链刀片连接到凸耳的铰链组件。
Plank 木板
A solid or longitudinally laminated hardwood or softwood board. 实心或纵向层压的硬木或软木板。
Plywood Panel (Plywood Board) 胶合板（胶合板）
A board made of plywood. 由胶合板制成的板。
Rain Gutter 雨水槽
Part of, or attachment to, rear (door) header to divert water away from the door entrance. 后（门）集管的一部分或附件，用于将水从门入口引走。
Rear (Door) End Frame 后（门）端架
The frame of the container face containing the end door, including the rear corner fittings, corner posts, header and sill. 包含端门的集装箱面框架，包括后角配件、角柱、集管和门槛。
Rear (Door) Sill 后（门）门槛
The lower transverse member (or rail) of the rear end frame joining the bottom corner fittings. 连接底角配件的后端框架的下横向构件（或导轨）。
Recessed Corrugation 嵌入式瓦楞纸
The flat corrugation face that is away from the viewer. A recessed corrugation when viewed from one side of the panel becomes a standing corrugation when viewed from the opposite side. (See figure on right.)
Repair 修
Action taken to correct defects. Such action may also include a cleaning method or replacement of a portion or the whole of a defective component, as well as straightening or removal of components. 为纠正缺陷而采取的措施。此类操作还可能包括清洁方法或更换部分或全部有缺陷的部件，以及拉直或移除部件。
Repairworthy 可维修
Damage or wear defects that require repair according to this Guide, 根据本指南需要维修的损坏或磨损缺陷，
because they are outside at least one criterion limit contained in the Guide. 因为它们超出了《指南》中所载的至少一个标准限制。
Retaining Strip 挡板
A galvanized steel or aluminum strip secured to the door frame holding the door gasket in position. 固定在门框上的镀锌钢或铝条，将门垫圈固定到位。
Roof 屋顶
A metal covering stretching across the entire top of the container from end frame to end frame and side rail to side rail. Roof may either be made of corrugated panels, or flat panels supported by roof bows from below. If the headers are provided with header extension plates, the roof panels fasten to the extension plates. 从端架到端架，从侧轨到侧轨，横跨整个容器顶部的金属覆盖物。屋顶可以由波纹板制成，也可以由屋顶弓从下方支撑的平板制成。如果集管配有集管延长板，则车顶板固定在延长板上。
Roof Bow 屋顶弓
A transverse structural component attached to both top side rails that supports flat roof panels from underneath. 连接到两个顶部侧梁的横向结构构件，从下方支撑平屋顶板。
Roof Panel 屋顶面板
An individual flat or corrugated sheet contained in the roof. 包含在屋顶中的单个平面或波纹板。
Side (or Front) Panel 侧（或前）面板
An individual flat or corrugated sheet contained in a side (or end) wall. 包含在侧壁（或端壁）中的单个平面或瓦楞纸板。
Side Wall 侧壁
The assembly of panels comprising the longitudinal side of a container. 包括容器纵向侧的面板的组件。
Standing Corrugation The flat corrugation face that is toward the viewer. A standing corrugation when viewed from one side of the panel becomes a recessed corrugation when viewed from the opposite side. (See figure at right.) 直立波纹 朝向观众的平坦波纹面。从面板的一侧观察时，站立的波纹从另一侧观察时会变成凹陷的波纹。（见右图。
Tag (Transponder) 标签（应答器）
A device fitted to the exterior of a container, which contains electronically readable data that is applicable to the container. The reading device, which is not part of the container, is called an interrogator. 安装在容器外部的设备，其中包含适用于容器的电子可读数据。不是容器一部分的读取设备称为询问器。
Tare 皮重
The weight (mass) of an unloaded container (i.e., a container without cargo), 空载集装箱（即没有货物的集装箱）的重量（质量），
including any fittings, devices, or special machinery that form a part of the container in its normal working condition (such as the refrigeration unit of a refrigerated container). 包括构成容器一部分的任何配件、装置或特殊机械（例如冷藏容器的制冷装置）。
TCT
An abbreviation for Australian Timber Component Treatment, an immunization of exposed wooden components in compliance with Plant Quarantine requirements of the Australian Department of Health. Australian Timber Component Treatment 的缩写，根据澳大利亚卫生部的植物检疫要求对暴露的木质成分进行免疫接种。
TIR (Transport International des Routiers) TIR（国际公路运输）
Road transport approval under regulation of customs authorities of different nations, allowing movement of goods across international frontiers, usually without opening containers in the process. In the USA, where TIR approval is not enforced, the initials TIR are often used interchangeably with EIR (see EIR) to refer to an interchange report. 在不同国家海关当局的监管下获得道路运输批准，允许货物跨越国际边界，通常在此过程中无需打开集装箱。在不强制执行 TIR 批准的美国，首字母 TIR 通常与 EIR 互换使用（参见 EIR）来指代交换报告。
Top Frame 顶框
The roof's upper structural support, composed of top side rails and headers. 车顶的上部结构支撑，由顶部侧轨和集管组成。
Top (Side) Rail 顶部（侧）导轨
A structural component running longitudinally along the top side of the container between the end frames. 沿容器顶部纵向延伸的结构构件，位于端架之间。
Torn 撕裂
Pulled apart by ripping or rending through the entire thickness of the material. 通过撕裂或撕裂材料的整个厚度来拉开。
Transponder 转发器
See TAG. 请参见 TAG。
Tunnel (Gooseneck Tunnel)
See GOOSENECK TUNNEL 隧道（鹅颈隧道） 参见鹅颈隧道
Tunnel Bolster 隧道加垫
The crossmember supporting the rearmost portion of the gooseneck tunnel. 支撑鹅颈隧道最后部的横梁。
Tunnel Plate 隧道板
A steel plate separating the tunnel recess from the interior of the container (or the underside of the flooring, if provided above the tunnel). 将隧道凹槽与集装箱内部（或地板底面，如果设置在隧道上方）隔开的钢板。
Tunnel Rails 隧道轨道
The longitudinal rails supporting the tunnel plate and forming the sides of the tunnel recess. 纵向钢轨支撑隧道板并形成隧道凹槽的侧面。
U.I.C. (Union Internationale des Chemins de Per) Organization primarily of European railroads which establishes standards for container transport on member railroads. U.I.C.（Union Internationale des Chemins de Per）主要由欧洲铁路组织组成，负责制定成员铁路的集装箱运输标准。
Undercoating (Underseal) 底漆（底封）
A waterproof material brushed or sprayed on the container underside. It protects the steel members from corrosion and waterproofs wooden flooring. 在容器底部刷洗或喷涂的防水材料。它可以保护钢构件免受腐蚀并防水木地板。
Understructure
See Bottom Frame. 下部结构见底框。
Ventilator 通风器
A device permanently attached to the side (or front) panel of a container which allows the exchange of air between the interior and exterior of the container. 永久固定在容器侧面（或前面板）上的设备，允许容器内部和外部之间的空气交换。
Ventilator Panel 呼吸机面板
The portion of the side (or front) panel located behind the ventilator. 位于呼吸机后面的侧（或前）面板部分。
Web
A metal sheet or plate connecting together the flanges of a structural member (see diagram under "Flange" in this 将结构构件的法兰连接在一起的金属板或板（参见此处“法兰”下的图表）
Glossary). 词汇表）。
Weight Panel 重量面板
Markings, usually in the form of a decal or decals, affixed to the door panel to indicated maximum gross, tare and (usually) payload weights. The cubic capacity of the container is generally included within the weight panel. 标记，通常以贴花或贴花的形式贴在门板上，以指示最大毛重、皮重和（通常）有效载荷重量。集装箱的立方容量一般包含在重量面板内。
APPENDIX B ISO DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES 附录 B ISO 尺寸和公差
(Adapted from International Standard ISO 668: （改编自国际标准ISO 668：
1995 and ISO 1496-1: 1990; 1990/Amd 1: 1993) 1995 年和 ISO 1496-1：1990 年;1990年/Amd 1：1993年）
October 2016 2016 年 10 月
98
ISO dimensions and tolerances ISO 尺寸和公差
APPENDIX B ISO DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES (Continued) 附录 B ISO 尺寸和公差（续）
APPENDIXC DIMENSIONS OF GOOSENECK TUNNELS 附录 鹅颈隧道尺寸
Dimensions
in
Length
3150 to 3500
to
Width
.
.
.
.
1130 max.
.
.
1 min.
Height
.
.
.
23/4 max.
APPENDIX D 附录D
TABLE OF EQUIVALENTS 等价物表
APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENT INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM (METRIC) DIMENSIONS, U.S. CUSTOMARY DIMENSIONS AND SHEET METAL THICKNESS IN MANUFACTURERS'S GAGE NUMBER 制造商量具编号中的近似等效国际系统（公制）尺寸、美国惯用尺寸和钣金厚度
METRIC
DIMENSION
MILUMETERS 公制尺寸米卢计
APPROX. U.S. CUSTOMARY DIMENSION 大约美国惯用尺寸
APPROX. 约。
MANUFACTURER GAGE INCHES 制造商 GAGE INCHES
1
19
1.6
16
2
14
2.5
12
3
11
42
10
5
7
10
13
15
19
20
25
30
35
1
40
50
150
300
2
350
12
1200
15
2400
48
ft.
"6000 mm is the nominal metric length for 20 foot container. is the nominal metric length for 40 foot container. Nuste Ome millimeter is approximately equal to 0.040 inches. “6000 毫米是 20 英尺集装箱的标称公制长度。 是 40 英尺集装箱的公制长度。Nuste Ome 毫米大约等于 0.040 英寸。
