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TIOBE Index for August 2024
2024 年 8 月 TIOBE 指数
August Headline: Python is chasing Java's TIOBE index records
八月头条：Python 正在追赶 Java 的 TIOBE 索引记录
This month, Python has a ranking of more than 18% for the first time in its history. The last time a language hit more than 18% was Java in November 2016. Java is also the language with the highest ranking ever: 26.49% in June 2001. Runner up C++ is now exactly 8% behind Python, and that difference between position #1 and position #2 is also almost a record. The highest difference ever between position #1 and position #2 was in November 2016 when Java was 9.55% ahead of C. In summary, Python's hegemony is now undeniable. It is likely that it is Python's next step to become the most popular programming language ever. Is there any new language expected to come close to Python soon? Possible contenders Rust and Kotlin are approaching the TIOBE index top 10 fast, but it will take a lot of time before they become a real threat to Python. --Paul Jansen CEO TIOBE Software
本月，Python 的排名历史上首次超过 18%。上一次超过 18% 的语言是 2016 年 11 月的 Java。Java 也是有史以来排名最高的语言：2001 年 6 月为 26.49%。亚军 C++ 现在正好落后 Python 8%，这与位置之间的差距 #第 1 名和第 2 名也几乎创下了纪录。第 1 名和第 2 名之间的最大差距出现在 2016 年 11 月，当时 Java 领先 C 9.55%。总而言之，Python 的霸权现在是不可否认的。 Python 很可能成为有史以来最流行的编程语言的下一步。是否有任何新语言有望很快接近 Python？可能的竞争者 Rust 和 Kotlin 正在快速逼近 TIOBE 指数前 10 名，但它们还需要很长时间才能成为 Python 的真正威胁。 ——TIOBE Software 首席执行官 Paul Jansen
The TIOBE Programming Community index is an indicator of the popularity of programming
languages. The index is updated once a month. The ratings are based on the number of
skilled engineers world-wide, courses and third party vendors. Popular web sites
Google, Amazon, Wikipedia, Bing and more than 20 others are used to calculate the ratings.
It is important to note that the TIOBE index is not about the best programming language or the language
in which most lines of code have been written.
TIOBE 编程社区指数是编程语言流行程度的指标。该指数每月更新一次。该评级基于全球熟练工程师的数量、课程和第三方供应商。谷歌、亚马逊、维基百科、必应和其他 20 多个热门网站都用于计算评级。值得注意的是，TIOBE 索引并不是关于最好的编程语言或编写大多数代码行的语言。
The index can be used to check whether your programming skills are still up to date or to make a
strategic decision about what programming language should be adopted when starting to build a new
software system. The definition of the TIOBE index can be found here.
该索引可用于检查您的编程技能是否仍然是最新的，或者在开始构建新的软件系统时做出关于应采用哪种编程语言的战略决策。 TIOBE 索引的定义可以在这里找到。
| Aug 2024 2024 年 8 月 | Aug 2023 2023 年 8 月 | Change 改变 | Programming Language 编程语言 | Ratings 评级 | Change 改变 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 |  | Python | 18.04% | +4.71% | |
| 2 | 3 |  |  | C++ | 10.04% | -0.59% |
| 3 | 2 |  |  | C | 9.17% | -2.24% |
| 4 | 4 |  | Java | 9.16% | -1.16% | |
| 5 | 5 |  | C# | 6.39% | -0.65% | |
| 6 | 6 |  | JavaScript | 3.91% | +0.62% | |
| 7 | 8 | |  | SQL | 2.21% | +0.68% |
| 8 | 7 | |  | Visual Basic | 2.18% | -0.45% |
| 9 | 12 | |  | Go | 2.03% | +0.87% |
| 10 | 14 |  |  | Fortran | 1.79% | +0.75% |
| 11 | 13 | |  | MATLAB | 1.72% | +0.67% |
| 12 | 23 | |  | Delphi/Object Pascal | 1.63% | +0.83% |
| 13 | 10 | |  | PHP | 1.46% | +0.19% |
| 14 | 19 | |  | Rust | 1.28% | +0.39% |
| 15 | 17 | |  | Ruby | 1.28% | +0.37% |
| 16 | 18 | |  | Swift | 1.28% | +0.37% |
| 17 | 9 |  |  | Assembly language | 1.21% | -0.13% |
| 18 | 27 | |  | Kotlin | 1.13% | +0.44% |
| 19 | 16 | |  | R | 1.11% | +0.19% |
| 20 | 11 | |  | Scratch | 1.09% | -0.13% |
Other programming languages
The complete top 50 of programming languages is listed below. This overview is published unofficially, because it could be the case that we missed a language. If you have the impression there is a programming language lacking, please notify us at tpci@tiobe.com. Please also check the overview of all programming languages that we monitor.
| Position | Programming Language | Ratings |
|---|---|---|
| 21 | COBOL | 1.09% |
| 22 | Classic Visual Basic | 1.04% |
| 23 | Lisp | 0.92% |
| 24 | Prolog | 0.92% |
| 25 | Perl | 0.91% |
| 26 | (Visual) FoxPro | 0.82% |
| 27 | SAS | 0.81% |
| 28 | Haskell | 0.69% |
| 29 | Dart | 0.63% |
| 30 | Ada | 0.61% |
| 31 | D | 0.53% |
| 32 | Julia | 0.48% |
| 33 | Objective-C | 0.47% |
| 34 | VBScript | 0.46% |
| 35 | Lua | 0.45% |
| 36 | Scala | 0.45% |
| 37 | Transact-SQL | 0.42% |
| 38 | PL/SQL | 0.40% |
| 39 | ABAP | 0.30% |
| 40 | Solidity | 0.27% |
| 41 | GAMS | 0.26% |
| 42 | PowerShell | 0.23% |
| 43 | TypeScript | 0.23% |
| 44 | Logo | 0.22% |
| 45 | Wolfram | 0.19% |
| 46 | Awk | 0.19% |
| 47 | RPG | 0.19% |
| 48 | ML | 0.18% |
| 49 | Bash | 0.17% |
| 50 | Elixir | 0.17% |
The Next 50 Programming Languages
The following list of languages denotes #51 to #100. Since the differences are relatively small, the programming languages are only listed (in alphabetical order).
- 4th Dimension/4D, ABC, ActionScript, Algol, Apex, APL, AutoLISP, Caml, CFML, CHILL, CLIPS, Clojure, Crystal, Curl, DiBOL, Elm, Erlang, F#, Forth, Groovy, Hack, Icon, Inform, Io, J, JScript, LabVIEW, Ladder Logic, Maple, Modula-2, Mojo, NATURAL, Nim, OCaml, Occam, OpenCL, OpenEdge ABL, PILOT, PL/I, PostScript, Q, Racket, Ring, S, Scheme, Smalltalk, SPARK, Stata, VHDL, X++
Very Long Term History
To see the bigger picture, please find below the positions of the top 10 programming languages of many years back. Please note that these are average positions for a period of 12 months.
| Programming Language | 2024 | 2019 | 2014 | 2009 | 2004 | 1999 | 1994 | 1989 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Python | 1 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 26 | 23 | - |
| C | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| C++ | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Java | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 16 | - | - |
| C# | 5 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 21 | - | - |
| JavaScript | 6 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 18 | - | - |
| Visual Basic | 7 | 19 | 236 | - | - | - | - | - |
| SQL | 8 | 9 | - | - | 92 | - | - | - |
| Go | 9 | 17 | 36 | - | - | - | - | - |
| PHP | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 6 | - | - | - |
| Objective-C | 33 | 10 | 3 | 33 | 41 | - | - | - |
| Lisp | 34 | 32 | 14 | 20 | 14 | 14 | 6 | 3 |
| (Visual) Basic | - | - | 7 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 7 |
There are 2 important remarks here:
- There is a difference between "Visual Basic" and "(Visual) Basic" in the table above. Until 2010, "(Visual) Basic" referred to all possible dialects of Basic, including Visual Basic. After some discussion, it has been decided to split "(Visual) Basic" into all its dialects such as Visual Basic .NET, Classic Visual Basic, PureBasic, and Small Basic, just to name a few. Since Visual Basic .NET has become the major implementation of Visual Basic, it is now called "Visual Basic".
- The programming language SQL was added to the TIOBE index in 2018 after somebody pointed out that SQL is Turing Complete. So although this language is very old, it has only a short history in the index.
Programming Language Hall of Fame
The hall of fame listing all "Programming Language of the Year" award winners is shown below. The award is given to the programming language that has the highest rise in ratings in a year.
| Year | Winner |
|---|---|
| 2023 |  C# |
| 2022 | C++ |
| 2021 | Python |
| 2020 | Python |
| 2019 | C |
| 2018 | Python |
| 2017 | C |
| 2016 | Go |
| 2015 | Java |
| 2014 | JavaScript |
| 2013 | Transact-SQL |
| 2012 | Objective-C |
| 2011 | Objective-C |
| 2010 | Python |
| 2009 | Go |
| 2008 | C |
| 2007 | Python |
| 2006 | Ruby |
| 2005 | Java |
| 2004 | PHP |
| 2003 | C++ |
Bugs & Change Requests
This is the top 5 of most requested changes and bugs. If you have any suggestions how to improve the index don’t hesitate to send an e-mail to tpci@tiobe.com.
- Apart from “<language> programming”, also other queries such as “programming with <language>”, “<language> development” and “<language> coding” should be tried out.
- Add queries for other natural languages (apart from English). The idea is to start with the Chinese search engine Baidu. This has been implemented partially and will be completed the next few months.
- Add a list of all search term requests that have been rejected. This is to minimize the number of recurring mails about Rails, JQuery, JSP, etc.
- Start a TIOBE index for databases, software configuration management systems and application frameworks.
- Some search engines allow to query pages that have been added last year. The TIOBE index should only track those recently added pages.
Yes, the only condition is to refer to its original source “www.tiobe.com”.
If a language meets the criteria of being listed (i.e. it is Turing complete and has an own Wikipedia entry that indicates that it concerns a programming language) and it is sufficiently popular (more than 5,000 hits for +”<language> programming” for Google), then please write an e-mail to tpci@tiobe.com.
We spent a lot of effort to obtain all the data and keep the TIOBE index up to date. In order to compensate a bit for this, we ask a fee of 5,000 US$ for the complete data set. The data set runs from June 2001 till today. It started with 25 languages back in 2001, and now measures more than 150 languages once a month. The data are available in comma separated format. Please contact sales@tiobe.com for more information.
Well, you can do it either way and both are wrong. If you take the sum, then you get the intersection twice. If you take the max, then you miss the difference. Which one to choose? Suppose somebody comes up with a new search term that is 10% of the original. If you take the max, nothing changes. If you take the sum then the ratings will rise 10%. So taking the sum will be an incentive for some to come up with all kinds of obscure terms for a language. That’s why we decided to take the max.
The proper way to solve this is is of course to take the sum and subtract the intersection. This will give rise to an explosion of extra queries that must be performed. Suppose a language has a grouping of 15 terms, then you have to perform 32,768 queries (all combinations of intersections). So this seems not possible either… If somebody has a solution for this, please let us know.
