Chapter 01 Globalization and International Linkages Answer Key
第 01 章 全球化与国际联系 答案要点
 

True / False Questions
真/假问题
 

1. (p. 4) The process of applying management concepts and techniques in a multinational environment and adapting management practices to different economic, political and cultural environments is called international management. 
1. （第 4 页）在多国环境中应用管理概念和技术，并使管理实践适应不同的经济、政治和文化环境的过程被称为国际管理。
TRUE
真

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

2. (p. 4) Multinational corporations can be defined as firms having operations in more than one country, international sales and a nationality mix of managers and owners. 
2.（第 4 页）跨国公司可定义为在一个以上国家开展业务、进行国际销售、管理人员和所有者具有不同国籍的公司。
TRUE
真

Difficulty: Easy
难度： 容易简单
 

3. (p. 6) Internationalization is the vision of creating one world unit, a single market entity. 
3. （第 6 页）国际化是创建一个世界单位、一个单一市场实体的愿景。
FALSE
假

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

4. (p. 8) Nongovernmental organizations believe that everyone benefits from globalization, as evidenced in lower prices, greater availability of goods, better jobs and access to technology. 
4. （第 8 页）非政府组织认为，每个人都能从全球化中获益，具体表现在价格更低、货 物供应更充足、工作机会更多和更容易获得技术。
FALSE
假

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

5. (p. 10) NAFTA is a free trade agreement between the United States, Canada and Mexico that has in essence removed all barriers to trade and investment between the three nations. 
5. （第 10 页）《北美自由贸易协定》是美国、加拿大和墨西哥之间的自由贸易协定，实质上消除了三国之间的所有贸易和投资壁垒。
TRUE
真

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

6. (p. 11) NAFTA is better integrated as a single market than the EU or the allied Asian countries. 
6.(第 11 页）北美自由贸易区作为单一市场的一体化程度要好于欧盟或亚洲联盟国家。
FALSE
假

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

7. (p. 12) The countries of the Association of Southeast Asian nations are challenging China's position as destinations for low cost production and export. 
7.（第 12 页）东南亚国家联盟国家正在挑战中国作为低成本生产和出口目的地的地位。
TRUE
真

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

8. (p. 15) Foreign direct investment remained strong and even grew in some regions despite the 2008-2009 global recession. 
8.(第 15 页）尽管 2008-2009 年全球经济衰退，但一些地区的外国直接投资依然强劲，甚至有所增长。
FALSE
假

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

9. (p. 19) United States multinationals have more foreign direct investment in Germany than any other country. 
9. （第 19 页）美国跨国公司在德国的外国直接投资比其他任何国家都多。
FALSE
假

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

10. (p. 19) In recent years, Canadian firms have begun investing heavily in the United States. 
10.(第 19 页）近年来，加拿大公司开始在美国大量投资。
TRUE
真

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

11. (p. 19) Mexican firms cannot export goods into the European community without paying a tariff. 
11.(第 19 页）墨西哥公司向欧洲共同体出口商品时不能不缴纳关税。
FALSE
假

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

12. (p. 19) Mexico believes that the United States is its most important market and that little effort should go into expanding trade with Europe and Asia at least for now. 
12.(第 19 页）墨西哥认为，美国是其最重要的市场，至少目前不应该花大力气扩大与欧洲和亚洲的贸易。
FALSE
假

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

13. (p. 24) Like most South American economies, Brazil's economy is faced with grave economic problems. Its GDP through 2009 continued to fall and inflation and unemployment increased. 
13.(第 24 页）与大多数南美经济体一样，巴西经济也面临着严重的经济问题。2009 年，巴西的国内生产总值持续下降，通货膨胀和失业率上升。
FALSE
假

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

14. (p. 20) The ultimate objective of the EU is to eliminate all trade barriers among member countries. 
14.(第 20 页）欧盟的最终目标是消除成员国之间的所有贸易壁垒。
TRUE
真

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

15. (p. 21) One of the ways that Russia is attempting to get its economy going is by removing many administered prices and subsidies and letting free market forces take over. 
15.(第 21 页）俄罗斯试图发展经济的方法之一是取消许多管理性价格和补贴，让自由市场力量接管经济。
TRUE
真

Difficulty: Hard
难度： 难难
 

16. (p. 22) As a result of some continuing problems, the international business climate in Poland has not done well. 
16.(第 22 页）由于一些持续存在的问题，波兰的国际商业环境并不理想。
FALSE
假

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

17. (p. 20) A keiretsu is a government agency in South Korea. 
17.(第 20 页）Keiretsu 是韩国的一个政府机构。
FALSE
假

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

18. (p. 20) MITI is a South Korean government agency that identifies and ranks national commercial pursuits and guides the distribution of national resources to meet these goals. 
18.(第 20 页）MITI 是韩国的一个政府机构，负责确定国家的商业追求并对其进行排序，指导国家资源的分配以实现这些目标。
FALSE
假

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

19. (p. 23) Chaebols are very large, family held Korean conglomerates that have considerable political and economic power. 
19. （第 23 页）财阀是韩国非常大的家族企业集团，拥有相当大的政治和经济实力。
TRUE
真

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

20. (p. 21) Emerging markets are developed economies that exhibit sustained economic reform and growth. 
20.(第 21 页）新兴市场是指经济持续改革和增长的发达经济体。
FALSE
假

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

Multiple Choice Questions
多选题
 

21. (p. 4) The process of applying management concepts and techniques in a multinational environment and adapting management practices to different economic, political and cultural environments is: 
21.(第 4 页）在多国环境中应用管理概念和技术，并使管理实践适应不同的经济、政治和文化环境的过程是：
A. Strategic management
A.战略管理
B. Internationalization
B.国际化
C. Globalization
C.全球化
D. International management
D.国际管理

Difficulty: Easy
难度： 容易简单
 

22. (p. 4) To qualify as a multinational corporation, a firm must meet all of the following criteria except: 
22.(第 4 页）要成为跨国公司，公司必须符合以下所有标准，但以下情况除外：
A. Operations in more than one country
A.在一个以上国家开展业务
B. International sales
B.国际销售
C. A nationality mix of managers and owners
C.管理者和所有者的国籍组合
D. Sales of at least one million dollars per year
D.年销售额至少一百万美元

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

23. (p. 6) Globalization: 
23.(第 6 页）全球化：
A. Is the growth of interstate trade, spurred on by the progress toward free-market policies
A.自由市场政策的进步是否推动了州际贸易的增长
B. Is the subcontracting of activities to endogenous organizations that had previously been performed within the firm
B.是否将以前在企业内部进行的活动分包给内生组织
C. Is the process of social, political, economic, cultural and technological integration among countries around the world
C.是世界各国社会、政治、经济、文化和技术一体化的进程
D. Is the process of a business crossing national and cultural borders
D.企业跨越国界和文化的过程

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

24. (p. 6) Identify the statement that is false of globalization. 
24.(第 6 页）指出全球化中错误的说法。
A. It can be defined as the process of social, political, economic, cultural and technological integration among countries around the world
A.可以定义为世界各国之间社会、政治、经济、文化和技术的一体化进程
B. It is the process of a business crossing national and cultural borders
B.是企业跨越国界和文化的过程
C. Evidence of globalization can be seen in increased levels of trade, capital flows and migration
C.全球化的证据体现在贸易、资本流动和移民水平的提高上
D. It has been facilitated by technological advances in transnational communications, transport and travel
D.跨国通信、运输和旅行技术的进步促进了这一发展

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

25. (p. 6) The subcontracting or contracting out of activities to endogenous organizations that had previously been performed by the firm is called: 
25.(第 6 页）将以前由企业开展的活动分包或承包给内源组织的做法称为：
A. Homesourcing
A.家庭外包
B. Insourcing
B.内包
C. Offshoring
C.离岸外包
D. Outsourcing
D.外包

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

26. (p. 6) The process by which companies undertake some activities at offshore locations instead of in their countries of origin is: 
26.(第 6 页）公司在境外而不是在原籍国开展某些活动的过程是：
A. Homesourcing
A.家庭外包
B. Insourcing
B.内包
C. Offshoring
C.离岸外包
D. Globalization
D.全球化

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

27. (p. 8) Antiglobalization activists: 
27.(第 8 页）反全球化活动家：
A. Contend that even within the developing world, it is protectionist policies, not trade and investment liberalization, that result in environmental and social damage
A.认为即使在发展中国家，造成环境和社会破坏的也是保护主义政策，而不是贸易和投资自由化
B. Believe globalization will force higher-polluting countries such as China and Russia into an integrated global community that takes responsible measures to protect the environment
B.相信全球化将迫使中国和俄罗斯等污染较严重的国家融入一个一体化的全球社会，采取负责任的措施保护环境
C. Assert that if corporations are free to locate anywhere in the world, the world's poorest countries will relax or eliminate environmental standards and social services in order to attract first-world investment and the jobs and wealth that come with it
C.断言如果企业可以自由地在世界任何地方落户，世界上最贫穷的国家就会放宽或取消环境标准和社会服务，以吸引第一世界的投资以及随之而来的就业和财富
D. Believe that industrialization will create wealth that will enable new industries to employ more modern, environmentally friendly technology
D.相信工业化将创造财富，使新工业能够采用更现代、更环保的技术

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

28. (p. 9) The global organization of countries that oversees rules and regulations for international trade and investment, including agriculture, intellectual property, services, competition and subsidies is the: 
28.(第 9 页）负责监督国际贸易和投资（包括农业、知识产权、服务业、竞争和补贴）规则和条例的全球性国家组织是联合国：
A. WTO
A.世贸组织
B. NAFTA
B.北美自由贸易协定
C. WIPO
C.世界知识产权组织
D. ITO
D.ITO

Difficulty: Easy
难度： 容易简单
 

29. (p. 10) A free-trade agreement between the United States, Canada and Mexico that has removed most barriers to trade and investment is: 
29. （第 10 页）美国、加拿大和墨西哥之间的一项自由贸易协定消除了大部分贸易和投资壁垒，该协定是：
A. AFTA
A.自由贸易协定
B. CEFTA
B.中欧自由贸易协定
C. CAFTA
C.中美洲自由贸易协定
D. NAFTA
D.北美自由贸易协定

Difficulty: Easy
难度： 容易简单
 

30. (p. 10) The World Trade Organization (WTO) meeting in Cancun in September of 2003 was led by: 
30.(第 10 页）2003 年 9 月在坎昆举行的世界贸易组织（WTO）会议由以下方面牵头：
A. India and Brazil
A.印度和巴西
B. The U.S. and Japan
B.美国和日本
C. The U.K. and France
C.英国和法国
D. EU members
D.欧盟成员国

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

31. (p. 9) The World Trade Organization (WTO) meeting in Doha in November of 2001 was referred to as: 
31.(第 9 页）2001 年 11 月在多哈举行的世界贸易组织（WTO）会议被称为：
A. The "Annecy Round"
A.安纳西回合
B. The "Development Round"
B.发展回合
C. The "Tokyo Round"
C.东京回合
D. The "Torquay Round"
D.托尔坎回合

Difficulty: Easy
难度： 容易简单
 

32. (p. 10) The United States, Canada and Mexico make up the _____, which in essence has removed all barriers to trade between these countries and created a huge North American market. 
32.(第 10 页）美国、加拿大和墨西哥组成了 _____，这实质上消除了这些国家之间的所有贸易壁垒，创造了一个巨大的北美市场。
A. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
A.关税及贸易总协定
B. North American Common Market
B.北美共同市场
C. North American Free Trade Agreement
C.北美自由贸易协定
D. North American Trade Union
D.北美工会

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

33. (p. 11) Agreements like NAFTA and CAFTA: 
33.(第 11 页）《北美自由贸易协定》和《中美洲自由贸易协定》等协定：
A. Not only reduce barriers to trade but also require additional domestic legal and business reforms in developing nations to protect property rights
A.不仅要减少贸易壁垒，还要要求发展中国家进行更多的国内法律和商业改革，以保护产权
B. Do not include supplemental commitments on labor and the environment to encourage countries to upgrade their working conditions and environmental protections like the FTAA
B.不要像《自由贸易协定》那样，在劳工和环境方面做出补充承诺，以鼓励各国提高工作条件和环境保护水平
C. Rely exclusively on MNCs exporting or setting up operations locally rather than buying out a domestic firm
C.完全依靠跨国公司出口或在当地开展业务，而不是收购国内企业
D. Provide firms with enough security so they cannot go out of business, which simply encourages a lack of efficiency or incentive to monitor costs
D.为企业提供足够的安全保障，使其无法倒闭，这只会鼓励企业缺乏效率或缺乏监控成本的动力

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

34. (p. 11) The NAFTA agreement and the DR-CAFTA agreement are examples of: 
34.(第 11 页）《北美自由贸易协定》和《哥伦比亚-北美自由贸易协定》就是这样的例子：
A. Defunct bilateral agreements
A.已失效的双边协定
B. Regional trade agreements
B.区域贸易协定
C. Plurilateral agreements
C.多边协定
D. Proposed bilateral agreements
D.拟议的双边协定

Difficulty: Easy
难度： 容易简单
 

35. (p. 11) Due to the stalled progress with the WTO and FTAA, the United States has pursued _____ with a range of countries, including, Australia, Bahrain, Chile, Colombia, Israel, Jordan, Malaysia, Morocco, Oman, Panama, Peru, Malaysia and Singapore. 
35.(第 11 页）由于世贸组织和自由贸易区的进展停滞不前，美国与一系列国家建立了 _____，其中包括澳大利亚、巴林、智利、哥伦比亚、以色列、约旦、马来西亚、摩洛哥、阿曼、巴拿马、秘鲁、马来西亚和新加坡。
A. Plurilateral trade agreements
A.多边贸易协定
B. Multilateral trade agreements
B.多边贸易协定
C. Bilateral trade agreements
C.双边贸易协定
D. Regional trade agreements
D.区域贸易协定

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

36. (p. 12) The Asian economic block, made up of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar and Vietnam is referred to as: 
36.(第 12 页）由印度尼西亚、马来西亚、菲律宾、新加坡、文莱、泰国、柬埔寨、缅甸和越南组成的亚洲经济区被称为：
A. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
A.东南亚国家联盟（东盟）
B. Southeast Asia Free Trade Agreement (SWAFTA)
B.东南亚自由贸易协定（SWAFTA）
C. Southeast Asia Common Market
C.东南亚共同市场
D. Asian Economic Union
D.亚洲经济联盟

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

37. (p. 12) A method which adjusts GDP to account for different prices in countries is called: 
37.（第 12 页）根据各国不同的价格对国内生产总值进行调整的方法称为 ：
A. Cumulative distribution function
A.累积分布函数
B. Nominal GDP
B.名义国内生产总值
C. Current currency exchange rate
C.当前货币汇率
D. Purchasing power parity
D.购买力平价

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

38. (p. 12) The following are characteristics of the BRIC economies except: 
38.(第 12 页）以下是 "金砖四国 "经济体的特征，但不包括：
A. Demand for higher priced goods is expected to continue to be low in the future
A.预计未来对高价商品的需求将持续低迷
B. The BRIC economies share of world growth is expected to rise to about 40 percent by 2025
B.到 2025 年，"金砖四国 "在世界经济增长中所占的份额预计将上升到约 40
C. Per capita income in the BRIC countries is rising
C.金砖四国的人均收入不断增加
D. Demand for basic goods will be strong
D.对基本商品的需求将十分强劲

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

39. (p. 12) The Goldman Sachs global economics team: 
39. （第 12 页）高盛全球经济团队：
A. Estimates that Chile will occupy a dominant role in the global economic system and will surpass the United States in output by 2035
A.估计到 2035 年，智利将在全球经济体系中占据主导地位，产出将超过美国
B. Reports that the economic potential of Brazil, Russia, India and China is such that they may become among the four most dominant economies by the year 2050
B.有报告称，巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国的经济潜力巨大，到 2050 年，它们可能成为四个最主要的经济体之一
C. Estimates that the BRIC economies' share of world growth could rise from 40 percent in 2000 to more than 70 percent in 2025
C.据估计，"金砖四国 "经济体在世界经济增长中所占的份额可能从 2000 年的 40% 上升到 2025 年的 70% 以上
D. Reports that Germany, followed by India a decade later, will overtake the United States as the world's largest car market
D.有报道称，德国将超越美国成为全球最大的汽车市场，十年后印度也将超越美国成为全球最大的汽车市场

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

40. (p. 15) The term used to indicate the amount invested in property, plant and equipment in another country is: 
40.(第 15 页）表示在另一个国家的不动产、厂房和设备投资额的术语是：
A. Exporting
A.出口
B. Foreign direct investment
B.外国直接投资
C. Importing
C.进口
D. Trade imperfection
D.贸易不完善

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

41. (p. 41) In 2009, global merchandise exports and global commercial services exports: 
41.(第 41 页）2009 年，全球商品出口和全球商业服务出口：
A. Declined for the first time since 1983
A.自 1983 年以来首次下降
B. Nearly doubled
B.几乎翻了一番
C. Remained fairly consistent
C.保持相当一致
D. Decreased by almost 50 percent
D.减少了近 50

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

42. (p. 15) In 2009, FDI inflows and outflows: 
42.(第 15 页）2009 年，外国直接投资的流入和流出：
A. Nearly doubled
A.几乎翻了一番
B. Nearly tripled
B.几乎增加两倍
C. Fell substantially
C.大幅下降
D. Remained fairly constant
D.保持相当稳定

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

43. (p. 15) The emerging global community is becoming increasingly: 
43.(第 15 页）新兴的全球社会正变得越来越：
A. Socially isolated
A.与世隔绝
B. Economically interdependent
B.经济上相互依存
C. Culturally interdependent
C.文化上相互依存
D. Financially independent
D.经济独立

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

44. (p. 18) A _____ is comparable to a monopoly in the sense that the organization, in this case the government, has explicit control over the price and supply of a good or service. 
44.(第 18 页）_____ 与垄断类似，即组织（此处指政府）对商品或服务的价格和供应拥有明确的控制权。
A. Command economy
A.指挥经济
B. Market economy
B.市场经济
C. Mixed economy
C.混合经济
D. Socialist economy
D.社会主义经济

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

45. (p. 17) A _____ exists when private enterprise reserves the right to own property and monitor the production and distribution of goods and services while the state simply supports competition and efficient practices. 
45.(第 17 页）当私营企业保留拥有财产和监督商品与服务的生产和分配的权利，而国家只是支持竞争和有效的做法时，_____。
A. Command economy
A.指挥经济
B. Market economy
B.市场经济
C. Mixed economy
C.混合经济
D. Socialist economy
D.社会主义经济

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

46. (p. 19) _____ is the United States' largest trading partner, a position it has held for many years. 
46.(第 19 页）_____ 是美国最大的贸易伙伴，这一地位已保持多年。
A. England
A.英国
B. Canada
B.加拿大
C. Japan
C.日本
D. Mexico
D.墨西哥

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

47. (p. 19) Which country receives the most foreign direct investment (FDI) by U.S. companies? 
47.(第 19 页）哪个国家获得美国公司的外国直接投资最多？
A. Netherlands
A.荷兰
B. Mexico
B.墨西哥
C. Great Britain
C.大不列颠
D. Canada
D.加拿大

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

48. (p. 18) Which of the following statements is false with regard to a mixed economy? 
48.(第 18 页）关于混合经济，以下哪种说法是错误的？
A. Regulations concerning minimum wage standards, social security, environmental protection and the advancement of civil rights may raise the standard of living
A.有关最低工资标准、社会保障、环境保护和促进公民权利的法规可以提高生活水平
B. Ownership of organizations seen as imperative to the nation may be transferred to the state to subsidize costs and allow the firm to flourish
B.被视为对国家至关重要的组织的所有权可能会转让给国家，以补贴成本并使公司蓬勃发展
C. Regulations concerning minimum wage standards, social security, environmental protection and the advancement of civil rights ensure that those who are elderly, sick or have limited skills are taken care of
C.有关最低工资标准、社会保障、环境保护和促进公民权利的法规确保那些年老多病或技能有限的人得到照顾
D. Businesses in this model are owned by the state to ensure that investments and practices are done in the best interest of the nation despite the often opposing outcomes
D.这种模式下的企业归国家所有，以确保投资和实践符合国家的最佳利益，尽管结果往往是相反的

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

49. (p. 19) The following statements are true about the United States and Canada except: 
第 19 页）关于美国和加拿大，下列说法正确的是（ ）：
A. The legal and business environments of the two countries are very different
A.两国的法律和商业环境截然不同
B. Both countries are participants in NAFTA
B.两国都参加了《北美自由贸易协定》
C. Canada is the largest trading partner of the U.S
C.加拿大是美国最大的贸易伙伴
D. In recent years, Canadian firms have begun investing heavily in the U.S
D.近年来，加拿大企业开始在美国大量投资

Difficulty: Hard
难度： 难难
 

50. (p. 19) Which of the following statements is true of the economic system of North America? 
50.(第 19 页）关于北美的经济体系，以下哪些说法是正确的？
A. The free-market-based economy of this region allows for more freedom in decision-making processes of private firms
A.该地区以自由市场经济为基础，私营企业的决策过程更加自由
B. The command economy of this region allows for greater flexibility with decisions and low barriers for other countries to establish business
B.该地区的指令性经济使决策具有更大的灵活性，其他国家开展业务的壁垒较低
C. The free-market-based economy of this region results in lowering barriers when attempting to move into other countries
C.该地区以自由市场经济为基础，因此在试图进入其他国家时可以降低壁垒
D. The command economy of this region allows competition to strive while the government can extend assistance to individuals or companies
D.该地区的指令性经济允许竞争，同时政府可以向个人或公司提供援助

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

51. (p. 19) In the early 1990s, _____ had recovered from its economic problems of the previous decade and become the strongest economy in Latin America. 
51.(第 19 页）20 世纪 90 年代初，_____，从上一个十年的经济问题中恢复过来，成为拉丁美洲最强大的经济体。
A. Brazil
A.巴西
B. Argentina
B.阿根廷
C. Mexico
C.墨西哥
D. Chile
D.智利

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

52. (p. 19) The United States holds a dominant position in all of the following industries except: 
52.(第 19 页）美国在以下所有产业中都占据主导地位，除了：
A. telecommunications
A. 电信
B. biotechnology
B. 生物技术
C. media
C. 媒体
D. textiles
D. 纺织品

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

53. (p. 19) A factory, located in a Mexican border town, that imports materials and equipment on a duty and tariff-free basis for assembly or manufacturing and re-exports is called a: 
53.(第 19 页）位于墨西哥边境城镇的一家工厂，在免关税的基础上进口材料和设备进行组装或制造，然后再出口，这家工厂被称为（ ）：
A. Vertically integrated corporation
A.纵向一体化公司
B. Keiretsus
B.Keiretsus
C. Maquiladora
C.加工厂
D. Chaebols
D.财阀

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

54. (p. 19) The term "maquiladora" is used to describe a specific kind of _____ industry. 
54.(第 19 页）"maquiladora "一词用于描述一种特殊的 _____ 行业。
A. Brazilian
A.巴西
B. Mexican
B.墨西哥人
C. South Korean
C.韩国
D. Chinese
D.中文

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

55. (p. 19) Identify the statement which is not true of Mexico. 
55.(第 19 页）请指出对墨西哥不正确的说法。
A. When it joined NAFTA, Mexico was on the verge of becoming the major economic power in Latin America
A.加入《北美自由贸易协定》时，墨西哥即将成为拉丁美洲的主要经济大国
B. Mexico has free-trade agreements with more than 50 countries
B.墨西哥与 50 多个国家签订了自由贸易协定
C. Mexico's trade with Asia is declining
C.墨西哥与亚洲的贸易正在下降
D. Mexico's government are probusiness
D.墨西哥政府是 probusiness

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

56. (p. 19) Which of the following observations about NAFTA is incorrect? 
56.(第 19 页）关于《北美自由贸易协定》，以下哪些观点是错误的？
A. Mexican businesses are finding themselves able to take advantage of the U.S. market by replacing goods that were previously purchased from Asia
A.墨西哥企业发现自己能够通过替代以前从亚洲购买的商品来利用美国市场的优势
B. Mexican firms are now able to produce products at highly competitive prices thanks to lower-cost labor and proximity to the American market
B.由于劳动力成本较低和靠近美国市场，墨西哥企业现在能够以极具竞争力的价格生产产品
C. Mexican firms can now export goods into the European community only by paying a heavy tariff
C.墨西哥公司现在只有支付高额关税才能向欧洲共同体出口商品
D. Mexico's trade with Asia is on the rise which is important to the country as it wants to reduce its overreliance on the U.S. market
D.墨西哥与亚洲的贸易正在增长，这对墨西哥来说非常重要，因为墨西哥希望减少对美国市场的过度依赖。

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

57. (p. 24) A major development in South America is: 
57.(第 24 页）南美洲的一项重大发展是：
A. Is the implementation of the single currency and the regional central bank
A.单一货币和地区中央银行是否得到实施
B. The growth of inter-country trade, spurred on by the progress toward free-market policies
B.自由市场政策的进步推动了国家间贸易的增长
C. Is the privatization of traditionally nationalized industries
C.传统国有化产业的私有化是否
D. Is the elimination of all trade barriers among member countries
D.是消除成员国之间的所有贸易壁垒

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

58. (p. 24) A recent survey (reported in our textbook) of businesspeople from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Columbia and Venezuela found that the _____ market, on average, was more important to their economic well being than any other. 
58.(第 24 页）最近对阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚和委内瑞拉商人进行的一项调查（在我们的教科书中有所报道）发现，平均而言，_____ 市场比其他任何市场对他们的经济福祉都更为重要。
A. Mexican
A.墨西哥
B. Japanese
B.日语
C. U.S
C.美国
D. European Union
D.欧洲联盟

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

59. (p. 20) The ultimate objective of the EU is to: 
59. （第 20 页）欧盟的最终目标是：
A. Develop separate custom duties for member countries
A.为成员国制定单独的关税
B. Eliminate all trade barriers among member countries
B.消除成员国之间的所有贸易壁垒
C. Have a single government that represents all EU countries
C.建立一个代表所有欧盟国家的单一政府
D. Increase imports into EU countries
D.增加欧盟国家的进口

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

60. (p. 20) The European Union: 
60.(第 20 页）欧洲联盟：
A. Has achieved the reality of a single currency and a regional central bank
A.实现了单一货币和地区中央银行的现实
B. Has eliminated all trade barriers among member countries
B.消除了成员国之间的所有贸易壁垒
C. Subjects member nations to quotas on the manufacture and shipment of high-quality, low-cost goods
C.对成员国的高质量、低成本产品的生产和运输实行配额制
D. Imposes duties on member nations for the manufacture and shipment of high-quality, low-cost goods
D.对成员国生产和运输高质量、低成本的商品征收关税

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

61. (p. 21) The Central and Eastern European republics: 
61.(第 21 页）中欧和东欧共和国：
A. Have attempted to grow in terms of intercountry trade, spurred on by the progress toward free-market policies
A.在自由市场政策的推动下，尝试发展国家间贸易
B. Have attempted to decrease inflation by lowering the GDP
B.试图通过降低国内生产总值来减少通货膨胀
C. Are attempting to make a shift from centrally planned economies to market based economies
C.正试图从中央计划经济转向市场经济
D. Are attempting to make a shift from a centrally planned economy to a mixed economy
D.试图从中央计划经济转向混合经济

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

62. (p. 22) The former communist countries that have become most visible in the international arena include: 
62.(第 22 页）在国际舞台上最引人注目的前共产主义国家包括：
A. Romania, Poland and Bulgaria
A.罗马尼亚、波兰和保加利亚
B. Czech Republic, Bulgaria and Poland
B.捷克共和国、保加利亚和波兰
C. Hungary, Romania and Albania
C.匈牙利、罗马尼亚和阿尔巴尼亚
D. Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic
D.波兰、匈牙利和捷克共和国

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

63. (p. 22) Which of the following statements is true with regard to the economy of Poland? 
63.(第 22 页）关于波兰的经济，以下哪些说法是正确的？
A. The consensus decision making system of Poland turns out to be too time-consuming in the new speed-based economy
A.在以速度为基础的新经济中，波兰的协商一致决策系统耗时过长
B. During the 1970s and 1980s, Poland's economic success had been without precedent
B.在 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代，波兰的经济成就是史无前例的
C. Poland is among the largest of the former communist countries which receives the least media coverage
C.波兰是前共产主义国家中媒体报道最少的国家之一
D. Political instability and risk, large external debts, a deteriorating infrastructure and only modest education levels have led to continuing economic problems in Poland
D.政治不稳定和风险、巨额外债、基础设施恶化以及教育水平不高导致波兰经济问题不断

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

64. (p. 22) Which of the following statements is not true of Hungary's economic reform measures? 
64.(第 22 页）关于匈牙利的经济改革措施，以下哪项说法不正确？
A. In Hungary, state-owned hotels have been privatized
A.在匈牙利，国有酒店已经私有化
B. Western firms have been entering into joint ventures with local companies in Hungary, attracted by the low cost of highly skilled, professional labor
B.受高技能专业劳动力成本低廉的吸引，西方公司纷纷与匈牙利当地公司建立合资企业
C. Hungary had a head start on the other former communist-bloc countries in terms of adopting economic reform measures
C.在采取经济改革措施方面，匈牙利比其他前共产主义阵营国家先行一步
D. MNCs have been making direct investments in Hungary, as in the case of General Electric's purchase of Tungsram
D.跨国公司一直在匈牙利进行直接投资，如通用电气公司收购 Tungsram 公司。

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

65. (p. 20) Which of the following statements is not true of Japan? 
65.(第 20 页）以下哪项陈述不是日本的真实情况？
A. During the 1970s and 1980s, Japan's economic success had been without precedent
A.20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代，日本的经济成就前所未有
B. During the 1970s and 1980s, the country had a huge positive trade balance, the yen was strong and they recognized as the world leaders in manufacturing and consumer goods
B.20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代，该国的贸易收支平衡为巨额正数，日元坚挺，被公认为制造业和消费品的世界领导者
C. Assumptions about the Japanese workforce have turned out to be more myth than reality and some of the former strengths have become weaknesses in the new economy
C.对日本劳动力的假设已被证明是神话多于现实，一些过去的优势已成为新经济中的弱点
D. Japan's consensus decision making system turns out to be very efficient and effective in the new speed-based economy
D.在以速度为基础的新经济中，日本的共识决策系统变得非常高效和有效

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

66. (p. 20) An organizational arrangement in Japan in which a large group of vertically integrated companies bound together by cross-ownership, interlocking directorates and social ties provide goods and services to end users is: 
66.(第 20 页）在日本，一大批纵向一体化公司通过交叉所有制、互锁董事和社会纽带联系在一起，向最终用户提供产品和服务，这种组织安排是：
A. Vertically integrated corporation
A.纵向一体化公司
B. Keiretsus
B.Keiretsus
C. Maquiladora
C.加工厂
D. Chaebols
D.财阀

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

67. (p. 20) MITI is a _____ government agency that identifies and ranks national commercial pursuits and guides the distribution of national resources to meet these goals. 
67.(p. 20) MITI 是一个 _____ 的政府机构，负责确定国家的商业追求并对其进行排序，指导国家资源的分配以实现这些目标。
A. Chinese
A.中文
B. Japanese
B.日语
C. South Korean
C.韩国
D. Philippine
D.菲律宾

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

68. (p. 20) Despite setbacks, _____ remains a formidable international competitor and is well poised in all three major economic regions: the Pacific Rim, North America and Europe. 
68.(第 20 页）尽管遭遇挫折，_____，但它仍然是一个强大的国际竞争对手，在环太平洋地区、北美和欧洲三大经济区都有良好的发展势头。
A. Japan
A.日本
B. Chile
B.智利
C. China
C.中国
D. Argentina
D.阿根廷

70. (p. 22) Identify the statement false of China's economic condition. 
70.(第 22 页）指出中国经济状况的错误表述。
A. China's GDP has remained strong, maintaining at 11.5 percent growth in 2009
A.中国的 GDP 保持强劲，2009 年增长 11.5
B. In the first quarter of 2010, China's GDP grew at a blistering 11.7 percent causing some concerns that the Chinese government has been unable to tap the breaks on this rapid growth
B.2010 年第一季度，中国的 GDP 增长率高达 11.7%，这引起了一些人的担忧，认为中国政府未能抓住这一快速增长的机遇。
C. Trade relations between China and developed countries and regions, such as the United States and the EU, are lax
C.中国与美国、欧盟等发达国家和地区的贸易关系松散
D. Massive savings glut in the corporate sector, the globalization of manufacturing networks are major challenges faced by China
D.企业储蓄过剩、制造网络全球化是中国面临的主要挑战

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

71. (p. 23) Chaebols are large, family-held conglomerates in: 
71.(第 23 页）财阀是由家族控股的大型企业集团：
A. Thailand
A.泰国
B. Japan
B.日本
C. South Korea
C.韩国
D. China
D.中国

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

72. (p. 24) Which of the following is true of India today? 
72.(第 24 页）以下哪项是当今印度的真实情况？
A. It has a relatively small middle class
A.中产阶级人数较少
B. Education levels tend to be low
B.教育水平往往较低
C. It is attractive to MNCs
C.对跨国公司有吸引力
D. There is a distinct lack of government funds for economic development
D.政府用于经济发展的资金明显不足

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

73. (p. 28) Which of the following countries was not amongst the world's 10 most competitive nations in 2010? 
73.(第 28 页）以下哪个国家不属于 2010 年全球最具竞争力的 10 个国家？
A. United States
A.美国
B. Singapore
B.新加坡
C. United Kingdom
C.联合王国
D. Norway
D.挪威

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

74. (p. 28) Identify the emerging market which is projected to have the largest market size in 2010. 
74.(第 28 页）请指出预计 2010 年市场规模最大的新兴市场。
A. China
A.中国
B. India
B.印度
C. Mexico
C.墨西哥
D. Argentina
D.阿根廷

Essay Questions
论文问题
 

76. (p. 4) What is a multinational corporation? Why would a company want to be a multinational corporation? 
76.(第 4 页）什么是跨国公司？公司为什么要成为跨国公司？

A multinational corporation is a firm that has operations in more than one country, international sales and a nationality mix of managers and owners. Firms pursue international markets to increase their sales and net income. For example, of the 100 largest American multinational corporations, in recent years, approximately one-third have earned more annual income in the international market than in the domestic market.
跨国公司是指在一个以上国家开展业务、进行国际销售、管理人员和所有者具有不同国籍的公司。公司追求国际市场，以增加销售额和净收入。例如，在美国最大的 100 家跨国公司中，近年来约有三分之一在国际市场上获得的年收入超过了国内市场。

Difficulty: Easy
难度： 容易简单
 

77. (p. 10) How has NAFTA affected the economies of North America? 
77.(第 10 页）《北美自由贸易协定》对北美经济有何影响？

The United States, Canada and Mexico make up the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which in essence has removed all barriers to trade among these countries and created a huge North American market. A number of economic developments have occurred because of this agreement and are designed to promote commerce in the region. Some of the more important developments include (1) the elimination of tariffs as well as import and export quotas; (2) the opening of government procurement markets to companies in the other two nations; (3) an increase in the opportunity to make investments in each other's country; (4) an increase in the ease of travel between countries; and (5) the removal of restrictions on agricultural products, auto parts and energy goods.
美国、加拿大和墨西哥组成了《北美自由贸易协定》（NAFTA），该协定实质上消除了这些国家之间的所有贸易壁垒，创造了一个巨大的北美市场。由于该协定的签订，出现了一系列旨在促进该地区商业发展的经济动态。一些更重要的发展包括：(1) 取消关税以及进出口配额；(2) 向其他两国的公司开放政府采购市场；(3) 增加在对方国家投资的机会；(4) 增加国家间旅行的便利性；(5) 取消对农产品、汽车零部件和能源产品的限制。

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

78. (p. 11) What does the term "European Union" mean? Has the European Union been successful? What is the European Union's ultimate objective? Why has the creation of the European Union encouraged more North American and Pacific Rim companies to establish operations in Europe? 
78.(第 11 页）"欧洲联盟 "一词的含义是什么？欧洲联盟成功了吗？欧盟的最终目标是什么？为什么欧盟的成立鼓励了更多北美和环太平洋地区的公司在欧洲开展业务？

The European Union (EU) is a trade union consisting of 27 European nations. It has been successful and is better integrated as a single market than either NAFTA or the allied Asian countries. The ultimate objective of the EU is to eliminate all trade barriers among member countries. This helps explain why many North American and Pacific Rim countries have established operations in Europe. Products manufactured in an EU country can be sold anywhere with the EU without paying duties or being subjected to quotas or even exchange rate fluctuations with the single currency now in use. However, serious challenges face the EU throughout the process of integrating post-communist Central and Eastern European nations, many of which are recent members of the union.
欧洲联盟（欧盟）是一个由 27 个欧洲国家组成的贸易联盟。与北美自由贸易协定或结盟的亚洲国家相比，欧盟作为单一市场的一体化程度更高，也更成功。欧盟的最终目标是消除成员国之间的所有贸易壁垒。这有助于解释为什么许多北美和环太平洋国家在欧洲开展业务。在欧盟国家生产的产品可以销往欧盟的任何地方，而无需支付关税或受配额限制，甚至无需担心目前使用的单一货币的汇率波动。然而，欧盟在整合后共产主义中欧和东欧国家的整个过程中面临着严峻的挑战，其中许多国家刚刚加入欧盟。

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

79. (p. 17) Explain the concept of market economy. 
79.(第 17 页）解释市场经济的概念。

A market economy exists when private enterprise reserves the right to own property and monitor the production and distribution of goods and services while the state simply supports competition and efficient practices. Management is particularly effective here since private ownership provides local evaluation and understanding, opposed to a nationally standardized archetype. This model contains the least restriction as the allocation of resources is roughly determined by the law of demand. Since the interaction of the community and firms guides the system, organizations must be as versatile as the individual consumer. Competition is fervently encouraged to promote innovation, economic growth, high quality and efficiency. The government may prohibit such things as monopolies or restrictive business practices in order to maintain the integrity of the economy.
当私营企业保留拥有财产和监督商品与服务的生产和分配的权利，而国家只是支持竞争和有效的做法时，市场经济就存在了。在这种情况下，管理尤为有效，因为私有制提供了地方评估和理解，而不是全国统一的模式。这种模式的限制最少，因为资源分配大致由需求法则决定。由于社区和企业的互动引导着整个系统，因此组织必须像个人消费者一样多才多艺。为了促进创新、经济增长、高质量和高效率，竞争得到了大力鼓励。政府可禁止垄断或限制性商业行为，以维护经济的完整性。

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等
 

80. (p. 20) Discuss the factors that contributed to Japan's phenomenal economic success. 
80.(第 20 页）讨论促成日本取得惊人经济成就的因素。

During the 1970s and 1980s, Japan's economic success had been without precedent. The country had a huge positive trade balance, the yen was strong and the Japanese became recognized as the world leaders in manufacturing and consumer goods. Analysts ascribe Japan's phenomenal success to a number of factors. Some areas that have received a lot of attention are the Japanese cultural values supporting a strong work ethic and group/team effort, consensus decision making, the motivational effects of guaranteed lifetime employment and the overall commitment that Japanese workers have to their organizations. However, at least some of these assumptions about the Japanese workforce have turned out to be more myth than reality and some of the former strengths have become weaknesses in the new economy. Some of the early success of the Japanese economy can be attributed to the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). Another major reason for Japanese success may be the use of keiretsus. Being able to draw from the resources of the other parts of the keiretsu, a Japanese MNC often can get things done more quickly and profitably than its international competitors.
20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代，日本的经济成就前无古人。日本的贸易收支出现了巨大的正数，日元坚挺，日本人被公认为制造业和消费品领域的世界领袖。分析人士认为，日本取得的巨大成功有多种因素。其中备受关注的是日本的文化价值观支持强烈的职业道德和团体/团队努力、共识决策、保证终身就业的激励效果以及日本工人对组织的整体承诺。然而，至少其中一些关于日本劳动力的假设被证明是神话多于现实，而且一些以前的优势在新经济中变成了弱点。日本经济早期的一些成功可归功于通商产业省（MITI）。日本成功的另一个主要原因可能是对keiretsus的利用。日本跨国公司能够利用企业其他部分的资源，因此往往能够比其国际竞争对手更快、更有利地完成任务。

Difficulty: Medium
难度： 中中等