Food for Thought: Athletic Footwear
思考的食粮：运动鞋

Contents
目录

Executive Summary 2

Part 1. A Brief Review 5
第 1 部分：简要回顾 5

Sustainability 5

Sustainable Materials 6
可持续材料 6

Mycelium (by ECCO) 6

Spray-on 6

3D Printing 10

3D-Printed Biodegradable Shoe 12
3D 打印生物可降解鞋 12

3D Knitting 13

Waterproof and Breathable 16
防水透气 16

Fire-Proof 17
防火 17

Graphene Foam 'Doubles Longevity' of New Running Shoe 19

Samsung Shortcut Sneaker 20

Cushioning 21

Self-Lacing Sneakers 23

Performance-Enhancing Footwear 24

Nike and Hyperice Introduce Advanced Wearable Tech for Athletes 24
耐克和 Hyperice 为运动员推出先进的可穿戴技术 24

Smart Shoes 26

More on Smart Shoes 28
更多关于智能鞋的信息 28

Part 2. Statistics 31

Sneaker Brands 31

Distribution Channels 33

Global Sneakers Market: By Region 34

References 36
参考文献 36

Executive Summary

Sustainability

There is an increasing demand for eco-friendly and sustainably produced sneakers. Brands that focus on sustainability, transparent supply chains, and reducing their carbon footprint are seeing positive market growth.
对环保和可持续生产的运动鞋需求日益增加。专注于可持续性、透明供应链以及减少碳足迹的品牌正在见证市场的积极增长。

Innovations in sustainable materials, such as recycled plastics and bio-based fabrics, are becoming more prevalent.
在可持续材料方面的创新，如回收塑料和生物基面料，正变得越来越普遍。

Companies are also adopting circular economy principles, producing sneakers that can be recycled or remade at the end of their lifecycle. A notable example is Nike's Flyknit technology, which uses recycled plastic strands to create lightweight, low-waste shoes.
公司也在采用循环经济原则，生产可在生命周期结束时回收或重制的运动鞋。一个显著的例子是耐克的 Flyknit 技术，该技术使用回收塑料丝线制造轻便、低废物的鞋子。

Market Dynamics

Key players in the sneaker market include Adidas AG, ASICS Corporation, Columbia Sportswear Company, ECCO Sko A/S, New Balance, Nike Inc., Puma SE, Reebok International Limited, Skechers U.S.A. Inc., and Under Armour Inc. The market, valued at $75 billion, is expected to grow to nearly $100 billion by 2028, with Nike holding a dominant position.
运动鞋市场的主要参与者包括阿迪达斯公司、亚瑟士公司、哥伦比亚运动服饰公司、ECCO Sko A/S、新百伦、耐克公司、彪马公司、锐步国际有限公司、斯凯奇美国公司和安德玛公司。该市场价值 750 亿美元，预计到 2028 年将增长到近 1000 亿美元，耐克公司占据主导地位。

Distribution Channels

The global sneaker market is divided into offline and online retail stores. Offline stores, including supermarkets, brand outlets, and specialty stores, hold the largest market share due to the convenience of trying sneakers before purchasing. However, online retail is the fastest-growing segment, driven by increasing internet usage, a wider range of designs, and discounted rates.
全球运动鞋市场分为线下和线上零售店。线下商店包括超市、品牌直营店和专卖店，由于购买前可以试穿运动鞋的便利性，占据了最大的市场份额。然而，线上零售是增长最快的细分市场，这一增长受到互联网使用增加、设计种类更多以及折扣率的推动。

Regional Insights

The Asia Pacific region is expected to be the fastest-growing segment in the global sneaker market. Factors contributing to this growth include government initiatives promoting health and fitness, increasing urbanization, rising disposable incomes, and a young, fashion-conscious population. The region's diverse consumer base and the emergence of e-commerce platforms further fuel market expansion.
预计亚太地区将成为全球运动鞋市场增长最快的细分市场。促进这一增长的因素包括政府推动健康和健身的倡议、城市化进程加快、可支配收入上升以及年轻时尚意识强的人口。该地区多样化的消费者基础和电子商务平台的出现进一步推动了市场扩张。

Branded vs. Private-Label Sneakers

Branded sneakers dominate the market due to strong consumer loyalty, global recognition, and significant investments in marketing and innovation. These brands benefit from extensive research and development, high-profile endorsements, and comprehensive marketing strategies. In contrast, private-label sneakers cater to cost-conscious consumers, focusing on competitive pricing and the latest style trends, with growing accessibility through e-commerce platforms.
品牌运动鞋因强大的消费者忠诚度、全球认可度以及在市场营销和创新上的巨大投资而主导市场。这些品牌从广泛的研发、高调的代言以及全面的营销策略中受益。相比之下，私人品牌运动鞋迎合成本意识强的消费者，专注于竞争性定价和最新的时尚趋势，并通过电子商务平台的增长提高了可获得性。

Smart Shoes

Smart footwear represents a significant advancement in wearable technology, offering applications in health monitoring, assistive technology, and medical treatment. These shoes incorporate sensors that track various physical parameters, providing valuable insights into daily activities. Smart footwear has seen robust market growth, with a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 22.7% from 2023 to 2033. Future research aims to improve comfort, reduce costs, and ensure data privacy and security while integrating smart footwear with other devices and using sustainable materials.
智能鞋履代表了可穿戴技术的重大进步，提供了健康监测、辅助技术和医疗治疗等应用。这些鞋子内置了跟踪各种身体参数的传感器，为日常活动提供了宝贵的洞察。智能鞋履市场增长强劲，预计从 2023 年到 2033 年的复合年增长率（CAGR）为 22.7%。未来研究旨在提高舒适性，降低成本，并确保数据隐私和安全性，同时将智能鞋履与其他设备集成，并使用可持续材料。

3D Printing: This technology allows for on-demand, customizable shoe production. Brands like Adidas and Zellerfeld use 3D printing to create innovative midsole designs and enable local manufacturing, reducing waste and supply chain length. MIT's model helps in optimizing running gait by simulating performance changes with different shoe types.
3D 打印：这项技术允许按需定制鞋履生产。像阿迪达斯（Adidas）和 Zellerfeld 这样的品牌利用 3D 打印创造创新的中底设计，并实现本地制造，减少了浪费和供应链长度。麻省理工学院（MIT）的模型有助于通过模拟不同鞋型对跑步姿态的性能变化来优化跑步步态。

Spray-On Technology: On's Cloudboom Strike LS employs LightSpray technology, which uses a robotic arm to spray an ultralight one-piece shoe upper in a single step from recyclable thermoplastic. This upper is then thermally fused to the sole without glue, significantly reducing materials and manufacturing time.
喷涂技术：On 的 Cloudboom Strike LS 采用 LightSpray 技术，该技术使用机器人手臂一步喷涂超轻单片鞋面，由可回收的热塑性塑料制成。然后，这个鞋面通过热融合技术与鞋底结合，无需使用胶水，显著减少了材料和制造时间。

Graphene Foam: Norda integrates graphene-enhanced material from Directa Plus into its shoes. This material provides wind and waterproof protection, prevents hot spots, offers thermal regulation, and is antistatic and extremely light.
石墨烯泡沫：Norda 将 Directa Plus 的石墨烯增强材料整合到其鞋子中。这种材料提供了防风和防水保护，防止热点，提供热调节，并且具有抗静电性和极轻的特点。

Smart Shoes: Samsung's Shortcut Sneakers can trigger smartphone actions through sensors embedded in the soles. These sneakers can perform six different movements linked to specific smartphone actions, although they are more of a conceptual product.
智能鞋：三星的 Shortcut Sneakers 通过嵌入鞋底的传感器触发智能手机动作。这些运动鞋可以执行六种不同的动作与特定的智能手机动作相连，尽管它们更像是一个概念产品。

Cushioning Technologies:

Adidas Boost Technology: Created by Adidas Innovation Team and BASF, this technology combines soft and responsive cushioning with a midsole made from expanded particles, enhancing energy return.
阿迪达斯 Boost 技术：由阿迪达斯创新团队与巴斯夫共同创建，这项技术结合了柔软且有响应性的缓冲与由扩展颗粒制成的中底，增强了能量回馈。

PEBAX Foam: Used by Zurich-based On, developed in collaboration with Arkema, providing a high rebound foam.
PEBAX 泡沫：由总部位于苏黎世的 On 公司使用，与 Arkema 合作开发，提供高反弹泡沫。

Flow Technology: Used by Under Armour, developed with foam from Dow Chemical.
流体技术：Under Armour 使用，由 Dow Chemical 提供泡沫材料开发。

Zoom Air and PEBA-based Foam: Featured in Nike products for the Paris Olympics.
Zoom Air 与基于 PEBA 的泡沫：Nike 为巴黎奥运会产品特色。

Nitrogen-Infused Foam: Used in Nike’s ZoomX foam, originally developed by Zotefoams.
注氮泡沫：用于耐克的 ZoomX 泡沫，最初由 Zotefoams 开发。

Self-Lacing Sneakers: Nike’s Adapt BB sneakers feature a power-lacing system controlled via an app or manually, adjusting fit and tension based on player movements. These sneakers include a custom motor and tension-sensing gears, with additional features like wireless charging and LED lights.
自动系带运动鞋：耐克的 Adapt BB 运动鞋具有通过应用程序或手动控制的动力系带系统，根据运动员的动作调整合适度和张力。这些运动鞋包括一个定制电机和感应张力的齿轮，附加功能如无线充电和 LED 灯。

The Magnetic Appeal: No More Tripping Over Laces. Magnetic closures are revolutionizing how shoes are tied. This feature offers convenience for all users, especially those with mobility issues. It's a small change with a significant impact, providing ease and enhancing independence for many.
磁力吸引：不再被鞋带绊倒。磁性闭合正在彻底改变鞋带的系法。这一特性为所有用户，尤其是那些有行动障碍的人，提供了便利。这是一个小变化，但却有着重大的影响，为许多人提供了便捷并增强了独立性。

Augmented Reality Try-Ons: The Virtual Fitting Room. Now customers can try on shoes virtually from anywhere in the world, ensuring the perfect style and fit before making a purchase.
增强现实试穿：虚拟试衣间。现在顾客可以在世界任何地方虚拟试穿鞋子，确保在购买前拥有完美的款式和合脚度。

Self-Healing Footwear: The Regenerative Revolution. Self-healing shoe technology, once a speculative concept, is now a reality. These shoes can repair minor cracks overnight, thanks to advanced materials inspired by human skin. This innovation not only extends the life of the shoe but also reduces waste
自愈鞋履：再生革命。一度被视为推测性概念的自愈鞋技术现已成为现实。这些鞋子能够在一夜之间修复轻微的裂痕，这要归功于受人类皮肤启发的先进材料。这一创新不仅延长了鞋子的使用寿命，还减少了浪费。

Part 1. A Brief Review
第一部分：简要回顾

Introduction / Rapid Technological Advancements and Innovation
引言 / 快速技术进步与创新

“The rapid advancements in materials science, leading to the development of lighter, more durable, and sustainable materials that enhance the performance and comfort of sneakers, are providing a thrust to the market growth. In line with this, rapid innovations such as fly knit technology or boost cushioning features that combine advanced technology with comfort and style are catalyzing the sneaker industry growth.
“材料科学的快速进步，导致了更轻、更耐用、更可持续材料的开发，这些材料提高了运动鞋的性能和舒适度，为市场增长提供了推动力。与此相应，如飞织技术或提升缓冲特性这样的快速创新，结合了先进技术与舒适和风格，正在催化运动鞋行业的增长。

Furthermore, the integration of digital technology into sneakers, including smart features like tracking fitness data to provide personalized coaching, is bolstering the market growth.
此外，数字技术整合到运动鞋中，包括跟踪健身数据以提供个性化教练的智能功能，也在促进市场增长。

Apart from this, the increasing utilization of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology that allows for rapid prototyping, customization, and on-demand production is acting as a growth-inducing factor.” ¹
除此之外，三维（3D）打印技术的日益使用，它允许快速原型制作、定制和按需生产，这也是一个促进增长的因素。 ¹

“Innovation has always been a driving force behind the sneakers market, with brands constantly pushing the boundaries of design, performance, and technology. From Nike's groundbreaking Air cushioning technology to Adidas' Boost foam and Under Armour's HOVR cushioning, advancements in materials and construction have revolutionized sneaker design and performance. Beyond performance features, technology has also transformed the way sneakers are marketed and sold.
“创新始终是运动鞋市场的驱动力，品牌不断推动设计、性能和技术的界限。从耐克开创性的 Air 气垫技术到阿迪达斯的 Boost 泡沫和安德玛的 HOVR 缓冲，材料和构造的进步彻底改革了运动鞋的设计和性能。除了性能特点之外，技术也转变了运动鞋的市场营销和销售方式。

Collaborations with influencers, limited-edition releases, and interactive digital experiences have become standard practices for brands looking to create buzz and drive demand.
与影响者的合作、限量版发布以及互动式数字体验已成为品牌寻求创造话题和推动需求的标准做法。

Sneaker apps and online platforms offer consumers unprecedented access to exclusive releases and personalized shopping experiences, further fueling the hype surrounding coveted sneaker drops.” ²
运动鞋应用程序和在线平台为消费者提供了前所未有的机会，以获得独家发布和个性化购物体验，进一步助长了人们对梦寐以求的运动鞋发布的热情。 ²

Sustainability

Increasing demand for sustainability and ethical consumerism
对可持续性和道德消费主义需求的增加

“The growing demand for sneakers that are made from eco-friendly materials and produced through sustainable methods, is creating a positive outlook for the market. Along with this, the heightened product adoption from brands that prioritize sustainability, offer transparency regarding their supply chains, and actively reduce their carbon footprint is fostering the market growth. In line with this, rapid innovations in sustainable materials, such as recycled plastics, organic cotton, and bio-based fabrics, are favoring the market growth. Moreover, the adoption of circular economy principles, leading to the production of sneakers that are designed to be recycled or remade at the end of their lifecycle are contributing to the sneaker industry growth.” ³
“对于由环保材料制成并通过可持续方法生产的运动鞋的需求不断增长，这为市场创造了积极的前景。与此同时，那些优先考虑可持续性、提供供应链透明度并积极减少碳足迹的品牌的产品采用率的提高，正在促进市场增长。与此相符，可持续材料的快速创新，如回收塑料、有机棉和基于生物的面料，都在促进市场增长。此外，采用循环经济原则，生产设计为在生命周期结束时可以回收或重新制造的运动鞋，这也在促进运动鞋行业的增长。” ³

e.g.,

“One example of the gains from managing for sustainability comes from Nike. It created its flyknit technology based on the twin goals of reducing waste and making lightweight shoes. The recycled plastic strands are knitted into the upper creating a low-waste, high-performance shoe that has become a $1bn-plus business and a category disrupter.”
“一个关于为可持续性管理带来收益的例子来自耐克。它基于减少浪费和制造轻便鞋的双重目标，创造了其 Flyknit 技术。回收的塑料丝线被编织成鞋面，创造了一种低浪费、高性能的鞋子，这已经成为一个超过 10 亿美元的生意，并且是一个类别的颠覆者。”

“More generally, there are significant operational efficiencies to be derived from strategies that reduce waste, water use, energy use and chemical use.”⁴
“更一般地说，通过减少废物、水使用、能源使用和化学品使用的策略可以获得显著的运营效率。” ⁴

Sustainable Materials
可持续材料

Mycelium (by ECCO)

“Since 2015 ILE have been exploring the use of mycelium as an alternative to leather, working with leaders in the field to bring this novel material to the hands of the consumers. Leather is made up of natural 3-dimensional fibrous weave of collagen fibrils. Leathers differ in total thickness, fibre bundle size and weave pattern, but offer a variety of raw material from which the tanner can select the skin type best suited for a particular end use. Mycelium is the perfect candidate for biomimicry of leather, as it consists of networks of varying intertwined long fibers called hyphae. ECCO engineer these by controlling their growth to develop a 3-dimensional structure that can be manipulated for thickness, density, and feel.
“自 2015 年以来，ILE 一直在探索使用菌丝体作为皮革的替代品，与该领域的领导者合作，将这种新型材料带到消费者手中。皮革由天然的三维纤维胶原纤维编织而成。不同的皮革在总厚度、纤维束大小和编织模式上有所不同，但提供了多种原材料供制革者根据特定的最终用途选择最适合的皮肤类型。菌丝体是皮革仿生学的理想候选者，因为它由称为菌丝的不同纠缠的长纤维网络组成。ECCO 通过控制其生长来工程化这些纤维，以发展出可以操纵厚度、密度和手感的三维结构。”

The mycelium material is developed to have homogenous physical and aesthetic characteristics; strong enough that it can withstand regular use, while be soft and supple with a beautiful drape for perfect wearability. A uniform surface provides the perfect canvas for our tanneries to transform the raw mycelium materials with textures and finishes. From a soft-touch velvety surfaces to smooth aniline leathers, our aim is to provide a full range of bioengineered leather alternatives.”⁵
菌丝体材料被开发出来具有均匀的物理和美学特性；足够坚固，可以承受常规使用，同时又柔软、顺滑，具有美丽的垂感，以确保完美的可穿戴性。均匀的表面为我们的制革厂提供了完美的画布，以便将原始的菌丝体材料转化为具有纹理和饰面的产品。从柔软的天鹅绒表面到光滑的苯胺皮革，我们的目标是提供全方位的生物工程皮革替代品。”

Spray-on

“Rising Swiss sportswear brand On disrupted the footwear market with its CloudTec sole. Now, the brand is launching something even more head-turning: the Cloudboom Strike LS, a spray-on running shoe. The new Cloudboom Strike LS is made using what On calls LightSpray technology, whereby an automated robotic arm sprays an ultralight one-piece shoe upper in a single step, made from a recyclable thermoplastic. The upper is then bonded onto the sole unit without any glue, using thermal-fusing technology, reducing the materials required. Unlike regular footwear manufacturing, the entire LightSpray manufacturing process takes three minutes (a normal shoe takes days or even weeks to manufacture, On says).” ⁶
“瑞士新兴运动服饰品牌 On 以其 CloudTec 鞋底颠覆了鞋类市场。现在，这个品牌正在推出更加引人注目的产品：Cloudboom Strike LS 喷涂式跑鞋。新的 Cloudboom Strike LS 采用 On 称之为 LightSpray 技术制造，通过自动化机械臂喷涂出一种超轻的一体式鞋面，只需一个步骤，使用的是可回收的热塑性塑料。然后，鞋面通过热熔技术与鞋底单元结合，无需任何胶水，减少了所需材料。On 表示，与常规鞋类制造不同，整个 LightSpray 制造过程只需三分钟（一般鞋类的制造可能需要几天甚至几周的时间）。” ⁶

“The result is a sock-like ultra-thin upper atop a thickened version of On’s perforated sole. It’s now the lightest shoe in On’s offering, weighing just 170g for the men’s version, and 158g for the women’s version (the men’s Cloudboom Echo 3, by comparison, weighs 215g).”⁷
“其结果是一个类似袜子的超薄鞋面，搭载了 On 加厚版的穿孔鞋底。它现在是 On 产品线中最轻的鞋，男款重量仅为 170 克，女款为 158 克（相比之下，男款 Cloudboom Echo 3 重 215 克）。” ⁷

“On will unveil the LightSpray technology with a demonstration for media at its On Labs hub in Paris on 25 July 2024, the eve of the Paris Olympics. Then, champion distance runner Hellen Obiri will wear a pair to compete in the Olympics marathon.” ⁸
“On 将于 2024 年 7 月 25 日，在巴黎奥运会前夕，在其位于巴黎的 On Labs 中心揭幕 LightSpray 技术，并为媒体进行演示。届时，冠军长跑运动员 Hellen Obiri 将穿着这款鞋参加奥运会马拉松比赛。” ⁸

“On is hoping LightSpray will be the type of innovation to give it a competitive edge. While sales were up 55% to $2 billion in 2023, On is remains well behind long-standing sportswear leaders like Nike and Adidas in terms of size (they hit revenues of $51.2 billion and $23.2 billion respectively in 2023).” ⁹
“On 希望 LightSpray 将成为其获得竞争优势的创新类型。尽管 2023 年的销售额增长了 55%至 20 亿美元，但 On 在规模上仍远远落后于像耐克和阿迪达斯这样的长期运动服装领导者（它们在 2023 年的收入分别达到了 512 亿美元和 232 亿美元）。” ⁹

“On says the LightSpray technology could potentially help the company’s bottom line, and its ambitious goals for circularity. For the Cloudboom Strike LS upper, the unit cost is cheaper than previous On shoes, and On says the model is produced with 75% fewer carbon emissions than the brand’s other racing shoes, because there’s no waste and it can be made in Zurich.” ^{10 11}
“On 表示，LightSpray 技术可能有助于公司的利润底线，并实现其循环利用的雄心壮志。对于 Cloudboom Strike LS 鞋面，单位成本比以往 On 的鞋子更便宜，On 表示，这款模型的生产比品牌其他赛跑鞋减少了 75%的碳排放，因为没有浪费，而且可以在苏黎世制造。” ^{10 11}

“For the first time in the brand's almost 15-year history, they are establishing a fully automated production unit at the On Labs in Zurich, where LightSpray and the Cloudboom Strike LS will be manufactured and the final shoe will be assembled.”¹²
“在该品牌近 15 年历史上的首次，他们正在苏黎世的 On 实验室建立一个全自动化生产单元，在这里将生产 LightSpray 和 Cloudboom Strike LS，并组装成最终的鞋子。” ¹²

“Unlike conventional shoe construction, which involves multiple steps such as weaving, cutting, and assembly, the LightSpray™ process creates the entire upper in one seamless operation. A robotic arm spins a single 1.5km long filament, forming a mesh-like structure that wraps around the foot like a second skin. The upper is seamlessly melded to the midsole, removing the need for a sock-liner and offering a perfect fit.” ¹³
“与传统的鞋类制造不同，传统的制造涉及多个步骤，如编织、裁剪和组装，LightSpray™工艺在一个无缝的操作中创造整个鞋面。一个机器人手臂旋转一个长达 1.5 公里的单一长丝，形成一个类似网状的结构，像第二层皮肤一样包裹住脚。鞋面与中底无缝结合，消除了对袜子衬垫的需求，并提供了完美的贴合。” ¹³

“This technology is revolutionary because the shoe’s upper is the hardest part to produce. While the fluffy outsoles are made in a mold, the upper deals with all the intricacies of traditional garment production such as stitching, glue, fabrics and tension wires.” ¹⁴
“这项技术是革命性的，因为鞋的鞋面是最难生产的部分。虽然蓬松的外底是在模具中制成的，但鞋面则涉及到传统服装生产的所有复杂性，如缝合、胶水、织物和张力线。” ¹⁴

“This is the first time 3d printed shoes have been truly available at the consumer level: Nike first introduced their 3d-printed Flyprint on the Nike Vaporfly Elite Flyprint for Eliud Kipchoge's record attempt at the 2017 Berlin Marathon, but the shoes were extremely limited and cost $675 (and now go for into the $1000s on secondary). Priced at $330, the Cloudboom Strike LS positions itself in the top end of the premium racing shoe market. Its initial limited local release in April quickly sold out, with future availability planned for later in 2024 and 2025 in select markets. To showcase the technology, On is planning live demonstrations, including an event at On Labs Paris this summer, where consumers can witness the manufacturing process firsthand.” ¹⁵
“这是 3D 打印鞋首次真正面向消费者级别可用：耐克首次在 2017 年柏林马拉松上，为埃利乌德·基普乔格的纪录尝试引入了 3D 打印的 Flyprint 技术，推出了耐克 Vaporfly Elite Flyprint 运动鞋，但这些鞋极为限量，售价 675 美元（现在在二级市场上的价格甚至超过了 1000 美元）。定价 330 美元的 Cloudboom Strike LS 定位于高端赛跑鞋市场的顶端。其最初的限量本地发售在四月迅速售罄，计划在 2024 年和 2025 年后期在选定市场有更多的可用性。为了展示这项技术，On 计划进行现场演示，包括今年夏天在巴黎 On 实验室的一次活动，消费者可以亲眼见证制造过程。” ¹⁵

The iPhone Effect
iPhone 效应

“The Cloudboom Strike LS is not the lightest shoe on the market the Saucony Sinister is a mere 149 grams (about five ounces), the Merrell Vapor Glove 6 is 5.5 ounces and the Nike ZoomX Streakfly is six ounces but it is among them. Still, sneakers, more than any other piece of athletic equipment, have come to represent both cool and community signaling. The popular verdict is not simply performative, but emotional.”¹⁶
“Cloudboom Strike LS 虽然不是市场上最轻的鞋子——Saucony Sinister 仅重 149 克（约五盎司），Merrell Vapor Glove 6 重 5.5 盎司，而 Nike ZoomX Streakfly 重六盎司——但它确实是其中之一。然而，运动鞋比任何其他运动装备更能代表潮流和社区信号。流行的评价不仅仅是表现性的，而且是情感性的。” ¹⁶

“For running, a stripped back silhouette is key for weight and aerodynamics. But for other use cases, average consumers want more structure, more rigidity and “definitely more more padding”, Coppetti says. All of these things are in development, but it’s requiring On to work in a totally new way, designing shoes in 3D and teaching a robot how to produce them using code. So it’s a long road ahead.” ¹⁷
“对于跑步来说，简约的轮廓对于重量和空气动力学至关重要。但对于其他用途，普通消费者希望鞋子结构更稳固、更硬朗，而且“绝对需要更多的填充”，Coppetti 说。所有这些都在开发中，但这要求 On 公司以一种全新的方式工作，即用 3D 设计鞋子，并教会机器人如何使用代码生产它们。所以这是一条漫长的道路。” ¹⁷

“The implications of this technology extend beyond just performance. If scalable, the LightSpray™ process could potentially allow for more localized production, as shoes could be manufactured wherever a suitable robotic setup is available. Consumers will be able to scan and custom fit their shoes, offering a 0-waste as well as perfect-fit solution reducing the number of blisters and returns. On co-CEO Mar Maurer was quoted by the NY Times stating that they intend to go “from a pure performance product to something that you can sell in millions of pairs to an all-day consumer”. It seems like the material can lend itself to that as well as Flyknit did with Nike. While the knit uppers are stretchy from the knit material itself, LightSpray's "stretch comes from the way the yarn itself is looped" (source). This means On can adapt the flexibility of the upper for lateral sports like tennis, soccer, and more.”¹⁸
“这项技术的影响不仅仅局限于性能提升。如果可扩展，LightSpray™工艺可能允许更多的本地化生产，因为只要有合适的机器人设置，鞋子就可以在任何地方制造。消费者将能够扫描并定制合脚的鞋子，提供一个零废物以及完美贴合的解决方案，减少水泡和退货的数量。共同首席执行官 Mar Maurer 在接受《纽约时报》采访时表示，他们打算“从一个纯粹的性能产品转变为可以向全天候消费者销售数百万双的产品”。看起来这种材料也能像 Nike 的 Flyknit 一样做到这一点。尽管针织鞋面本身因材料而具有弹性，但 LightSpray 的“弹性来自纱线本身的环绕方式”（来源）。这意味着 On 公司可以针对网球、足球等横向运动调整鞋面的灵活性。” ¹⁸

Here is a video how the spray-on sneakers are produced: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9Gey0yab6I .
这是一段关于喷涂运动鞋生产过程的视频：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9Gey0yab6I 。

3D Printing

“The biggest names in footwear and fashion Adidas, Nike, New Balance, Dior, Reebok, Fendi have all launched 3D-printed limited-edition shoes. But nearly all have failed to develop a lasting bond with the technology.” ¹
“在鞋类和时尚界的最大名字阿迪达斯、耐克、新百伦、迪奥、锐步、芬迪都推出了 3D 打印的限量版鞋子。但几乎所有品牌都未能与这项技术建立起持久的联系。” ¹

“3D printing offers the ability to manufacture each pair of shoes on-demand or at least manufacture fewer shoes, attracting brands that want to eliminate waste. There’s also the lure of having more flexibility to customize shoes to individual customers and change designs frequently without the high costs of new manufacturing molds and tooling.
“3D 打印提供了按需制造每双鞋子的能力，或者至少是制造更少的鞋子，这吸引了想要消除浪费的品牌。还有一个诱惑是，它提供了更多的灵活性，可以根据个别顾客定制鞋子，并且频繁更换设计，而不需要新的制造模具和工具的高昂成本。”

e.g., “3D printing footwear start-up Zellerfeld, which launched its shoe 3D-printing platform in 2023, manufacturers shoes on-demand customized to each wearer’s foot via a 3D scan taken at home with a smartphone.” ² “Zellerfeld, a 3D-printing company, has emerged as one to watch, offering a sustainable and accessible alternative to traditional sneaker production methods.
例如，“3D 打印鞋类初创公司 Zellerfeld 在 2023 年推出了其鞋类 3D 打印平台，通过使用智能手机在家进行 3D 扫描，按需为每位穿戴者定制鞋子。” ² “Zellerfeld 作为一家 3D 打印公司，已经成为值得关注的对象，它提供了一种可持续且易于获取的传统运动鞋生产方法的替代方案。

Zellerfeld’s approach eliminates the need for factories, reduces environmental impact and lowers production costs, making it an attractive option for brands seeking to optimise their supply chains.”³
Zellerfeld 的方法消除了对工厂的需求，减少了环境影响并降低了生产成本，使其成为寻求优化供应链的品牌的有吸引力的选择。” ³

“Zellerfeld, an American technology company established in 2015 by a group of engineering students, has made significant strides in the fashion footwear industry. After years of research and development, Zellerfeld has collaborated with many designers. Zellerfeld has been developing cutting-edge 3D-printing technology to redefine industries and place printed shoes on every foot in the world. Supported by visionary teams behind Tesla, SpaceX, PayPal, and StockX, Zellerfeld’s full-stack footwear creation and commerce platform replaces traditional factories and routes to market, removing barriers for creators, brands, and designers.⁴
“Zellerfeld，一家由一群工程学学生于 2015 年成立的美国科技公司，在时尚鞋履行业取得了重大进展。经过多年的研究与开发，Zellerfeld 已与许多设计师合作。Zellerfeld 一直在开发尖端的 3D 打印技术，以重新定义行业，并将打印鞋履带到世界每一个角落。在 Tesla、SpaceX、PayPal 和 StockX 背后的富有远见的团队的支持下，Zellerfeld 的全栈鞋履创造和商务平台取代了传统工厂和市场路径，为创作者、品牌和设计师消除了障碍。 ⁴

“3D printed shoes are a great example of where additive manufacturing absolutely lives up to the hype. And following the progress made by sneaker designers such as Adidas, which has built up considerable experience in using 3D printers to make trainers, reveals much about how future products could be manufactured. One of the biggest misconceptions about 3D printing is that it cannot be used to make products at scale. However, the progress made by Adidas and its additive manufacturing partner Carbon in developing 3D printing shoes for the mass market challenges that.
“3D 打印鞋是一个极好的例子，展示了增材制造绝对符合其炒作的实际效果。跟踪像阿迪达斯这样的运动鞋设计师的进展，他们在使用 3D 打印机制作训练鞋方面积累了丰富的经验，这揭示了未来产品可能如何被制造。关于 3D 打印的一个最大误解是它不能被用来大规模生产产品。然而，阿迪达斯及其增材制造合作伙伴 Carbon 在开发 3D 打印鞋面向大众市场方面所取得的进展挑战了这一点。”

Video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IXiTxDKamcg&t=21s.
视频链接：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IXiTxDKamcg&t=21s。

Forward thinking: the 3D printed midsole used in the Adidas 4DFWD features a variable stiffness bow tie lattice that compresses forward to improve running efficiency.
前瞻性思维：阿迪达斯 4DFWD 使用的 3D 打印中底采用了可变刚度的蝴蝶结格栅，它能向前压缩以提高跑步效率。

The customization that goes hand-in-hand with 3D printing helps brands too, as they can update their range whenever they choose. Having to make changes to injection molding tools limits the frequency of product updates to maybe just a couple of times a year. But with 3D printing, it’s done in software – once the new file is loaded, you’re good to go.
3D 打印所伴随的定制化也帮助了品牌，因为它们可以随时更新产品系列。必须对注塑模具进行更改，这限制了产品更新的频率，可能一年只有几次。但是使用 3D 打印，一切都在软件中完成——一旦加载了新文件，你就可以开始了。

Being able to print locally and on-demand can shorten supply chains and reduce the amount of unsold product that goes to waste. If circular economy ambitions can be realized on top of that, the future of mass-produced footwear and other 3D printed products could become even more attractive.” ⁵
能够在本地和按需打印可以缩短供应链并减少未售出产品的浪费。如果能在此基础上实现循环经济的雄心，那么大规模生产的鞋类和其他 3D 打印产品的未来可能会变得更加吸引人。 ⁵

The MIT Model

“The simple model incorporates a person’s height, weight, and other general dimensions, along with shoe properties such as stiffness and springiness along the midsole. With this input, the model then simulates a person’s running gait, or how they would run, in a particular shoe. Using the model, the researchers can simulate how a runner’s gait changes with different shoe types. They can then pick out the shoe that produces the best performance, which they define as the degree to which a runner’s expended energy is minimized. While the model can accurately simulate changes in a runner’s gait when comparing two very different shoe types, it is less discerning when comparing relatively similar designs, including most commercially available running shoes. For this reason, the researchers envision the current model would be best used as a tool for shoe designers looking to push the boundaries of sneaker design. The new model is reported in a study appearing in the Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. The study is authored by Fay and Anette “Peko” Hosoi, professor of mechanical engineering at MIT.”⁶
“这个简单的模型结合了个人的身高、体重和其他一般尺寸，以及鞋子的属性，如中底的硬度和弹性。有了这些输入，模型然后模拟一个人在特定鞋子中的跑步步态，或者他们将如何跑步。使用该模型，研究人员可以模拟跑者步态随不同鞋型的变化。然后他们可以挑选出产生最佳性能的鞋子，他们将最佳性能定义为跑者耗能最小化的程度。虽然该模型可以准确模拟跑者步态在比较两种非常不同的鞋型时的变化，但在比较相对相似的设计时则辨识度较低，包括大多数市售跑鞋。因此，研究人员设想当前模型最适合作为鞋类设计师的工具，用于推动运动鞋设计的边界。新模型在《生物力学工程杂志》上发表的一项研究中被报道。该研究由 Fay 和麻省理工学院机械工程教授 Anette “Peko” Hosoi 撰写。” ⁶

Bring Manufacturing Home
将制造业迁回国内

“The HP/Decathlon shoe is printed with HP 3D printers, which are a favorite of print-services worldwide, potentially enabling on-demand production of the shoes more locally. About 85% of footwear is manufactured in Asia, but 3D printing could reshore more manufacturing. Many 3D printed shoes are made with industrial 3D printers, such as from US-based companies HP or Carbon, but the new platforms, including Zellerfeld, Fused Footwear, and others, are using far more affordable technology similar to consumer desktop 3D printers that can cost less than $1,000 each. Zellerfeld developed it own 3D printers that use standard TPU filament and the entire factory concept doesn’t require significant capital investment. Its 3D print farm can be spun up almost anywhere.”⁷
“惠普/迪卡侬鞋是使用惠普 3D 打印机打印的，这些打印机是全球打印服务商的首选，有可能实现更本地化的按需生产鞋类产品。大约 85%的鞋类产品是在亚洲制造的，但 3D 打印技术可能会使更多的制造业回流。许多 3D 打印鞋都是使用工业级 3D 打印机制造的，例如来自美国的惠普或 Carbon 公司，但新的平台，包括 Zellerfeld、Fused Footwear 等，正在使用价格远低于 1000 美元的类似消费级桌面 3D 打印机的技术。Zellerfeld 开发了自己的 3D 打印机，使用标准的 TPU 丝材，整个工厂概念不需要大量的资本投入。它的 3D 打印农场几乎可以在任何地方快速启动。” ⁷

3D-Printed Biodegradable Shoe
3D 打印生物可降解鞋

“The integration of 3D printing with advanced bio-based materials aims to combat the footwear waste challenge, facilitating on-demand production, extending product lifespan through personalisation, and ensuring a clear circular end-of-life for used products.
“3D 打印与先进生物基材料的整合旨在应对鞋类废物挑战，促进按需生产，通过个性化延长产品寿命，并确保使用过的产品有一个清晰的循环再生末端。

VivoBiome is described by Vivobarefoot as a “scan-to-print digital footwear system,” and the product is currently in the testing phase in the UK with a wear-testing group of so-called “VivoBiome pioneers”. It is expected to be made with Balena’s BioCir within the next six months and be available to customers within the next 18 months. Certified B Corp Vivobarefoot and Balena are using biomimetic design principles, additive manufacturing methods, and Balena’s BioCir flex material to create circular 3D-printed shoes made from a material that claims to be compostable and recyclable.
VivoBiome 被 Vivobarefoot 描述为“扫描至打印的数字化鞋履系统”，该产品目前正在英国进行测试阶段，有一个所谓的“VivoBiome 先锋”穿着测试小组。预计将在未来六个月内使用 Balena 的 BioCir 材料制造，并在接下来的 18 个月内向顾客提供。获得 B Corp 认证的 Vivobarefoot 和 Balena 正在使用仿生设计原则、增材制造方法以及 Balena 的 BioCir 弹性材料，创造出一种声称可堆肥和可回收的圆形 3D 打印鞋。

Video: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/awYV3lC4Wdw?feature=share
视频：https://www.youtube.com/shorts/awYV3lC4Wdw?feature=share

Balena’s BioCir flex material is a thermoplastic elastomer that aims to actively reduce reliance on fossil fuel-based materials.
Balena 的 BioCir 弹性材料是一种热塑性弹性体，旨在积极减少对基于化石燃料的材料的依赖。

With over 50% bio-based content, the company said the material can replace unsustainable options like TPU, PVC, and LDPE. Through a biological recycling mechanism, products made from BioCir flex are said to decompose and biodegrade, completing a fully circular life cycle. Balena explained it had created bio-based and biodegradable material in response to the global crisis of managing plastic waste.”⁸
该公司表示，含有超过 50%生物基含量的材料可以替代不可持续的选项，如 TPU、PVC 和 LDPE。通过生物循环机制，据说由 BioCir flex 制成的产品能够分解和生物降解，完成一个完全循环的生命周期。Balena 解释说，它创造了生物基和可生物降解的材料，以应对全球塑料废物管理危机。”

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rl4dBVZJDoE

3D Knitting

“One significant technological advancement that is poised to revolutionize the footwear industry is 3D knitting. This innovative technology allows for the seamless creation of complex shapes and intricate patterns within a single piece of footwear. The potential impact of 3D knitting in terms of increased customization, enhanced efficiency, and emerging sustainability benefits is worth exploring.”
“一个有望彻底改变鞋业的重大技术进步是 3D 编织。这项创新技术允许在单件鞋类产品中无缝创建复杂形状和精细图案。探索 3D 编织在提高定制化、增强效率和新兴可持续性益处方面的潜在影响是值得的。”

“First and foremost, 3D knitting offers increased customization opportunities for consumers. Traditional shoemaking methods rely on stitching together multiple components, limiting the level of personalization. However, with 3D knitting, shoes can be precisely knitted to individual foot shapes, ensuring optimal comfort and performance. Consumers can also choose personalized color combinations, textures, and integrated features like arch support or cushioning zones. This level of customization allows for a more personalized and unique footwear experience.”
“首先，3D 编织技术为消费者提供了更多的个性化定制机会。传统的制鞋方法依赖于将多个部件缝合在一起，这限制了个性化的程度。然而，通过 3D 编织，鞋子可以精确地根据个人的脚型进行编织，确保最佳的舒适度和性能。消费者还可以选择个性化的颜色组合、纹理和集成功能，如足弓支撑或缓冲区。这种定制水平为消费者提供了更加个性化和独特的鞋履体验。”

“In addition to customization, 3D knitting also enhances efficiency in the production process. By creating the shoe’s upper in one seamless piece, there is minimal scrap material, reducing waste and minimizing environmental impact. Additionally, the simplified manufacturing process, with fewer components and stitching steps, leads to faster production times and potentially lower costs. Furthermore, on-demand manufacturing can be facilitated through 3D printing, allowing for shoes to be produced locally, thereby reducing transportation emissions and lead times.”
“除了定制化，3D 编织还提高了生产过程的效率。通过一次性无缝制作鞋面，几乎没有剩余材料，从而减少了浪费并最小化了环境影响。此外，简化的制造过程，减少了组件数量和缝合步骤，导致生产时间更快，潜在降低成本。进一步地，通过 3D 打印可以实现按需生产，使得鞋子可以在本地生产，从而减少了运输排放和提前期。”

“The emergence of 3D knitting also presents sustainability benefits for the footwear industry. The use of bio-based materials, such as knitting yarns made from recycled plastics, natural fibers, or even algae, reduces reliance on synthetic materials and promotes a more eco-friendly approach. Moreover, 3D knitting often requires fewer dyes and adhesives, minimizing chemical use and potential environmental harm. The on-demand, localized production made possible by 3D knitting can decrease the carbon footprint associated with long-distance transportation.”
“3D 编织技术的出现也为鞋类行业带来了可持续性的好处。使用基于生物的材料，如由回收塑料、天然纤维甚至藻类制成的编织纱线，减少了对合成材料的依赖，并促进了更环保的方法。此外，3D 编织通常需要较少的染料和粘合剂，从而减少了化学品的使用和潜在的环境危害。3D 编织所可能实现的按需、本地化生产可以减少与长距离运输相关的碳足迹。”

“Beyond customization and fashion, 3D knitting also holds promise for performance footwear. It allows for the integration of support structures and varying stiffness zones, enabling athletes to benefit from footwear that is tailored to their specific needs.” ⁹
“除了定制化和时尚之外，3D 编织技术对于性能鞋类也充满了希望。它允许集成支撑结构和不同硬度区域，使运动员能够受益于根据他们特定需求量身定制的鞋类。”

How ECCO customizes using 3D

“Each shoe is designed to fit the wearer’s foot perfectly while providing the ultimate support for whatever activity you have on the agenda.
“每双鞋都设计得完美贴合穿戴者的脚部，同时为您计划中的任何活动提供最佳支持。”

Step inside one of the specially selected global ECCO stores and you’ll find a high-tech set-up waiting for you. Here, you’ll slip off your shoes and stand on a cold metal platform covered in censors, which will map out the measurements of your foot and transform them into a neat, interactive, 360 diagram on an iPad.
走进我们特别挑选的全球 ECCO 商店之一，您会发现一套高科技设备等待着您。在这里，您将脱下鞋子，站在一个覆盖了传感器的冷金属平台上，这些传感器将绘制出您脚部的测量数据，并将它们转换成 iPad 上的一个整洁的、互动的、360 度图表。

From there, you can pick your favoured exercise levels, what you’re looking for in your new sneaker, and the label will put them together in the background and ship them out direct.
从那里开始，您可以选择您偏好的运动强度级别，您在新运动鞋中寻找的特性，然后该品牌会在后台将它们组合起来，并直接发货。

Each finished iteration, whatever you go for, is mega lightweight and crafted from materials including 3D printed silicone and ultralight foam, while boasting unique FLUIDFORM injection tech in the sole – video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08g14Chx4oA.
无论您选择哪种成品迭代，每一款都是超轻量级的，并且采用了包括 3D 打印硅胶和超轻泡沫在内的材料制成，同时在鞋底拥有独特的 FLUIDFORM 注射技术 - 视频：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08g14Chx4oA。

Up top, the shoe’s sock utilises BYBORRE materials – which are embedded with antibacterial silver microparticlea and syphon off sweat thanks to moisture regulating properties – and matches them with slick leather accents using hide pulled straight from ECCO’s own tanneries.”¹⁰
鞋面部分，该鞋的袜套使用了 BYBORRE 材料——这些材料嵌入了抗菌银微粒，并且由于具有调湿性能，能够吸走汗水——并且与采用直接来自 ECCO 自家制革厂的光滑皮革装饰相搭配。 ¹⁰

Cycling Sneakers
骑行运动鞋

“Trek has finally overhauled its road cycling shoe lineup with three new pairs of performance kicks the RSL Knit, the RSL and the Velocis road shoes. The American brand says its new technology represents 'innovative design complemented by a forward-looking aesthetic'.” ¹¹
“Trek 终于彻底改革了其公路自行车鞋系列，推出了三款新的性能鞋——RSL Knit、RSL 和 Velocis 公路鞋。这个美国品牌表示，其新技术代表了‘创新设计与前瞻性美学的结合’。” ¹¹

ETH Researchers
ETH 研究人员

“ETH researchers have used artificial intelligence to design metamaterials that show unusual or extraordinary responses to complex loads.
“ETH 研究人员已经使用人工智能设计出在复杂载荷下表现出不寻常或非凡响应的超材料。

Bike helmets that absorb the energy of an impact, running shoes that give you an extra boost with every step, or implants that behave just like natural bone. Metamaterials make such applications possible. Their inner structure is the result of a careful design process, following which 3D printers produce structures with optimised properties. Researchers led by Dennis Kochmann, Professor of Mechanics and Materials in the Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering at ETH Zurich, have developed novel AI tools that bypass the time-consuming and intuition-based design process of metamaterials. Instead, they predict metamaterials with extraordinary properties in a rapid and automated fashion. A novelty, their framework applies to large (so-called non-linear) loads, e.g. when a helmet absorbs major forces during an impact. Even shoe soles can be designed to absorb shocks better when running or to provide a forward boost when stepping down.”¹³
自行车头盔能吸收撞击的能量，跑鞋在你每一步时都能给你额外的助力，或者植入物能像自然骨骼一样表现。超材料使这些应用成为可能。它们的内部结构是一个精心设计过程的结果，随后 3D 打印机生产出具有优化属性的结构。由 ETH 苏黎世联邦理工学院机械与过程工程系的力学与材料教授 Dennis Kochmann 领导的研究人员，已经开发出新颖的 AI 工具，这些工具绕过了超材料耗时且基于直觉的设计过程。相反，它们能够快速且自动地预测出具有非凡属性的超材料。一个新颖之处在于，他们的框架适用于大的（所谓的非线性）载荷，例如当头盔在撞击中吸收重大力量时。即使是鞋底也可以被设计得在跑步时更好地吸收冲击，或者在踩下时提供向前的助力。” ¹³

Waterproof and Breathable
防水透气

“In the footwear industry the usual methods of waterproofing are by adding a waterproof bootie inside the shoes or by attaching a protective membrane on the semi-finished uppers. Both methods have gathered quite a following among users and both promise to protect the user in harsh conditions, but also offer breathability and comfort. These waterproofing methods are the OutDry® and Gore-Tex® technologies.”¹
“在鞋类行业中，通常的防水方法是在鞋内添加一个防水靴套或者在半成品鞋面上附加一个保护膜。这两种方法都在用户中积累了相当的追随者，并且都承诺在恶劣条件下保护用户，同时也提供透气性和舒适性。这些防水方法就是 OutDry®和 Gore-Tex®技术。” ¹

“Deepwater Phantom”: Fearless in Storms, Poised in Advance
“深水幻影”：在风暴中无畏，提前做好准备

“The magic of these shoes lies in their ability to automatically adjust their waterproof and breathable performance with changes in humidity.”
“这些鞋子的神奇之处在于它们能够随着湿度的变化自动调整其防水和透气性能。”

The sole is made of TCR (thermoplastic controlled rubber), a synthetic high-elasticity plastomer rubber that is resistant to aging and wear. It also features the super-light and highly elastic characteristics of foamed EVA, providing a lighter and more agile wearing experience for the shoes.²
鞋底由 TCR（热塑性控制橡胶）制成，这是一种合成的高弹性塑料橡胶，具有抗老化和耐磨损的特性。它还具有泡沫 EVA 的超轻和高弹性特点，为鞋子提供了更轻盈、更灵活的穿着体验。 ²

Fire-Proof
防火

“Functionality is the name of the game when it comes to Salomon, the French footwear label that's so deeply rooted in the realm of outdoors performance it practically embodies it.
“功能性是游戏的名字，当涉及到 Salomon，这个法国鞋类品牌如此深深植根于户外性能领域，它几乎就是这个领域的化身。

Its latest sneaker with gr10k, though, an enigmatic brand that recontextualises the true purpose of a product based on extensive, in-depth research, takes functional gear to another level completely. Albeit an extremely protective one. Introducing the X-ALP, a sneaker that blends ultra-resistant fireman uniform fabrics with a classic motorsports-inspired silhouette.
它与 gr10k 合作推出的最新运动鞋，gr10k 是一个神秘品牌，通过广泛深入的研究重新定义产品的真正用途，将功能性装备提升到了一个全新的层次。尽管它极其保护性。介绍 X-ALP，一款运动鞋，将超耐用的消防员制服面料与经典的赛车运动灵感外形相结合。

The sneaker also further builds on the current burgeoning motorsports trend, as well as venturing into more uncharted territory with a shoe that integrates vocabulary like aerodynamics and engine technology.
这款运动鞋还进一步建立在当前蓬勃发展的赛车运动趋势之上，同时也勇闯更多未知领域，推出了一款整合了如空气动力学和引擎技术等词汇的鞋款。

Salomon's innovation in mountain sports is evident in the X-ALP gr10k, with the patented 3D Edging Chassis for lateral stability and flexibility a key component. Elsewhere, a collapsible tongue offers adaptability, mirroring the versatility of protective fire-retardant garments in racing.” ³
Salomon 在山地运动方面的创新在 X-ALP gr10k 中表现得淋漓尽致，其中专利的 3D Edging Chassis 为横向稳定性和灵活性提供了关键组件。在其他方面，一款可折叠的鞋舌提供了适应性，反映了赛车防火服装在多功能性方面的多样性。 ³

Other models of Salomon & their functions: https://www.salomon.com/en-us/technologies

“In September 2020, the foundation stone was laid of the new, fully automated shoe factory 4.0 of Salomon, Millet and Babolat in France. In Ardoix, France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, the first fully automated shoe with digitally controlled, intelligent production is being built. The four fully automated production lines range from the cutting of the various shoe components to the packaging of the finished product, including all assembly phases. Expected to reach full capacity in 2025, the “Advanced Shoe Factory 4.0” (ASF 4.0) is geared to have a capacity of 500,000 pairs of sports shoes per year.” ⁵
“2020 年 9 月，Salomon、Millet 和 Babolat 在法国新建的全自动化鞋厂 4.0 奠基。在法国阿尔多瓦，奥弗涅-罗讷-阿尔卑斯地区，正在建设第一家采用数字控制的智能生产的全自动化鞋厂。四条全自动化生产线涵盖了从各种鞋部件的切割到成品包装的所有组装阶段。预计到 2025 年达到全面产能，“高级鞋厂 4.0”（ASF 4.0）的目标产能为每年 50 万双运动鞋。” ⁵

“Salomon is now part of a Chinese sportswear group, and China in particular wants to become the world leader in automated production. Is there any kind of cooperation too in this area?
“Salomon 现在是一个中国运动服饰集团的一部分，中国特别希望成为自动化生产的世界领导者。在这一领域也有合作吗？”

The new ownership is still too young to really be able to say anything here. Of course, there is already some cooperation in R&D and 3D. But this is not yet happening on a large scale. Nor is there any kind of competition between China and France, where production will take place in the future. It's mainly about thinking locally and thus becoming faster, more reactive and more sustainable.”⁶
新的所有权还太年轻，真的还不能在这里说什么。当然，研发和 3D 方面已经有了一些合作。但这还没有大规模发生。中国和法国之间也没有任何竞争，未来的生产将在哪里进行。这主要是关于本地化思考，从而变得更快、更灵活和更可持续。” ⁶

“Salomon is leaning into its professional athlete collaboration program, including with record-setting endurance runner Courtney Dauwalter.
“Salomon 正在加强其专业运动员合作计划，包括与创纪录的耐力跑者 Courtney Dauwalter 的合作。

Salomon’s designers are also developing new Gore-Tex membranes in jackets and shoes that improve waterproofing and breathability, according to Amer Sports.”⁷
根据 Amer Sports 的说法，Salomon 的设计师们还在开发新的 Gore-Tex 膜，用于夹克和鞋子，以提高防水性和透气性。” ⁷

Graphene Foam 'Doubles Longevity' of New Running Shoe
石墨烯泡沫“使新跑鞋的寿命翻倍”

2021:

“Sports footwear firm inov-8 has unveiled the world’s first running shoe to use a graphene-enhanced foam in the sole, bucking the widespread trend for carbon-plate technology and doubling the industry standard for longevity.
“体育鞋企业 inov-8 推出了世界上首款使用石墨烯增强泡沫的跑鞋，该泡沫用于鞋底，这打破了普遍采用碳板技术的趋势，并使行业标准的耐用性翻了一番。

Developed in collaboration with graphene experts at The University of Manchester, the cushioned foam, called G-FLY™, features as part of inov-8’s new trail shoe, the TRAILFLY ULTRA G 300 MAX™, designed for ultramarathon and long-distance runners. Tests have shown the foam delivers 25% greater energy return than standard EVA foams and is far more resistant to compressive wear. It therefore maintains optimum levels of underfoot bounce and comfort for much longer. This helps runners maintain a faster speed over greater distances, aid their feet in feeling fresher for longer, and prolong the life of their footwear.” ⁸
该泡沫是与曼彻斯特大学的石墨烯专家合作开发的，名为 G-FLY™，作为 inov-8 新款越野跑鞋 TRAILFLY ULTRA G 300 MAX™的一部分，专为超马拉松和长距离跑者设计。测试表明，该泡沫比标准 EVA 泡沫提供了 25%更高的能量回弹，并且对压缩磨损的抵抗力要强得多。因此，它能在更长时间内保持最佳的足底弹性和舒适度。这有助于跑者在更长距离上保持更快的速度，帮助他们的脚感觉更加舒适，同时延长鞋子的使用寿命。” ⁸

“Graphene is one-atom thick, considered the thinnest known material, but about 200 times stronger than steel. Used as a building block to graphite, the Graphene material—the scientists behind the discovery were awarded the 2010 Nobel prize in physics—was developed, thanks to its unique properties, to have a place in athletic equipment, consumer electronics and the automotive industry. Managed by the University of Manchester, nearby Inov-8 entered into an exclusive four-year agreement with the university for use of Graphene in footwear.”⁹
“石墨烯是一种单原子层厚度的材料，被认为是已知最薄的材料，但其强度约为钢材的 200 倍。作为石墨的构建块，石墨烯材料——其背后的科学家因发现而获得了 2010 年诺贝尔物理学奖——由于其独特的性能，已在运动器材、消费电子和汽车工业中占有一席之地。曼彻斯特大学管理着这一项目，附近的 Inov-8 公司与该大学签订了为期四年的独家协议，使用石墨烯制造鞋类。” ⁹

Description video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vn9-uqE85YQ

2023:

“Quebec-based running shoe brand Norda has incorporated graphene-enhanced material from Directa Plus into its shoes. Directa-plus says its graphene enhanced material offers advantages beyond wind and waterproof protection, preventing the creation of hot sports and thermal discomfort for the user in footwear. Its footwear membrane is also antistatic and being just 20 micron thick it is extremely light. This enables manufacturers to create a light and thin shoe that performs great thermal regulation both in hot and cold weather.”¹⁰
“总部位于魁北克的跑鞋品牌 Norda 将 Directa Plus 公司的石墨烯增强材料融入到其鞋类产品中。Directa Plus 表示，其石墨烯增强材料除了提供防风和防水保护之外，还能防止鞋内产生热点和热不适，为用户提供舒适体验。其鞋类膜材料也具有抗静电性能，且仅有 20 微米厚，极其轻盈。这使得制造商能够创造出一款轻薄、在炎热和寒冷天气下都能提供出色热调节性能的鞋子。” ¹⁰

Samsung Shortcut Sneaker

“The Samsung Shortcut Sneakers can trigger smartphone actions using sensors, with feet movement.
“三星快捷运动鞋可以使用传感器通过脚部动作触发智能手机动作。”{{0}}

Only six pairs will exist.
只会存在六对。

The Shortcut Sneakers support six different movements, which can be linked to six different smartphone actions.
Shortcut Sneakers 支持六种不同的动作，这些动作可以链接到六种不同的智能手机操作。

Samsung installed motion sensors in the soles, allowing each shoe to track its motion and position in relation to the other. According to Samsung, there are five movements you can perform that will trigger five different shortcuts. The available triggers and specific shortcuts aren’t revealed, but Samsung did mention the moonwalk, and the fact that you can use these triggers to make calls or play music. In the promo video, we can also see Roel Van Hoff bumping the shoes twice to call his mother.”¹¹
三星在鞋底安装了运动传感器，使每只鞋都能追踪其运动和相对于另一只鞋的位置。据三星公司称，你可以执行五种动作来触发五种不同的快捷方式。具体的触发器和快捷方式没有透露，但三星提到了月球漫步，以及你可以使用这些触发器来打电话或播放音乐的事实。在宣传视频中，我们还可以看到 Roel Van Hoff 双击鞋子两次来给他母亲打电话。 ¹¹

“While the Shortcut sneakers are more of concept than a finished product or a signal that Samsung is moving into sneakers, they are definitely an intriguing idea that fits into a growing theme of hands-free gesture controls.” ¹²
“虽然 Shortcut 运动鞋更像是一个概念产品，而不是一个完成品或者表明三星要进军运动鞋市场的信号，但它们无疑是一个吸引人的想法，符合越来越多的无需手动的手势控制主题。” ¹²

Video description: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQ7y8HxNhh8

Cushioning

“One of the simplest ways to differentiate shoes is by their level of cushioning. Cushion is created by adding more or less foam to the midsole of a running shoe. A taller midsole equals more cushion and thus more impact absorption.
“区分跑鞋的最简单方法之一是通过它们的缓冲级别。通过在跑鞋的中底添加更多或更少的泡沫来创造缓冲。中底越高，缓冲就越多，因此冲击吸收也就越多。

There are three levels of cushion:
有三个级别的缓冲：

maximum cushion,

over cushioned,
过度缓冲，

traditional cushion.”¹⁴

What Is Adidas Boost Technology?
什么是阿迪达斯 Boost 技术？

“Adidas Boost technology is a product of the adidas Innovation Team (AIT) and German chemists, BASF. It was created to bring together the formerly contradictory benefits of soft and responsive cushioning. At the time, EVA foam was the industry standard in performance running shoes. Boost was about to change all that, introducing a midsole made from thousands of expanded particles that work together to deliver an uptick of energy return in every stride.
“阿迪达斯 Boost 技术是阿迪达斯创新团队（AIT）与德国化学家巴斯夫公司（BASF）的产物。它的创造旨在将软质与响应式缓冲这两种以往相互矛盾的优点结合起来。当时，EVA 泡沫是性能跑鞋行业的标准材料。Boost 技术即将改变这一切，引入了由数千个膨胀粒子组成的中底，这些粒子共同作用，为每一步带来能量回馈的增量。”

Boost was officially integrated into the adidas running line in 2013. Over the years to come, Boost would make a name for itself as an icon of running, eventually becoming so popular that it would break into the world of sports and streetwear culture.”¹⁵
Boost 技术于 2013 年正式融入 adidas 跑鞋系列。在未来的几年里，Boost 逐渐成为跑步界的一个标志，并最终因其广受欢迎而打入体育和街头文化世界。 ¹⁵

“The Adidas Ultraboost has grown from a single shoe to a massive footwear collection, spanning everything from running shoes to everyday sneakers and even baseball cleats.”¹⁶
“Adidas Ultraboost 已从一款单一的鞋款发展成为一个庞大的鞋类系列，涵盖了从跑步鞋到日常休闲鞋，甚至棒球鞋。” ¹⁶

“Cushioning technology designed for elite runners has spread to the masses, sparking a battle among shoe makers to make the best foam. Cushioning technologies such as New Balance’s FuelCell a high rebound foam built for racing that will be worn by athletes at the Paris Olympics this summer have fueled record sales at New Balance and seeped into every corner of the running sneaker market.
“为精英跑者设计的缓震技术已经普及到大众，引发了鞋类制造商之间制造最佳泡沫材料的竞争。像 New Balance 的 FuelCell 这样的缓震技术——一种为比赛设计的高回弹泡沫，将在今年夏天的巴黎奥运会上由运动员穿着——已经推动了 New Balance 的销售额创下记录，并渗透到跑步运动鞋市场的每一个角落。

The battle has been playing out inside research laboratories where scientists use machinery to test and tinker with foam compounds developed by chemical companies that are better known for creating plexiglass, working with NASA or making car seats.
这场战斗一直在研究实验室内上演，科学家们使用机械测试和调整由化学公司开发的泡沫化合物，这些公司因创造有机玻璃、与 NASA 合作或制造汽车座椅而更为人所知。

Cushioning was always a priority for running shoes. But in the past companies balanced it against factors like stability, durability or weight. That changed about a decade ago when Hoka went all in on foam.
缓冲一直是跑鞋的优先考虑因素。但在过去，公司会在缓冲与稳定性、耐用性或重量等因素之间寻求平衡。大约十年前，Hoka 全面投入到泡沫材料中，这一情况发生了变化。

As companies warmed to the idea that they didn’t have to sacrifice fashion for foam, the race was on. Zurich-based On teamed up with Arkema, a French chemical conglomerate that developed a compound known as PEBAX that is used in the brand’s Helion foam.
当公司开始接受他们不必为了泡沫牺牲时尚时，竞争就开始了。总部位于苏黎世的 On 与法国化工集团 Arkema 合作，后者开发了一种称为 PEBAX 的化合物，该化合物被用于品牌的 Helion 泡沫中。

Nike has leaned on British Zotefoams, which provided the material used for the midsole of one of the first super shoes, Nike’s Vaporfly. Dow Chemical is behind the foam used in Under Armour’s Flow technology, used by NBA star Stephen Curry.
耐克依赖英国的 Zotefoams 公司提供的材料，用于其首款超级跑鞋——耐克 Vaporfly 的中底。Dow Chemical 公司负责 Under Armour 的 Flow 技术中使用的泡沫，这项技术被 NBA 明星斯蒂芬·库里所使用。

Nike recently unveiled a host of new products for the Paris Olympics featuring a combination of its proprietary air bubble technology, Zoom Air, with a PEBA-based foam.
耐克最近为巴黎奥运会推出了一系列新产品，这些产品结合了其专有的气垫技术 Zoom Air 和基于 PEBA 的泡沫。

Chemical companies can tweak the compounds and manufacturing processes to get similar results. If one innovates, the rest can soon follow. Zotefoams was among the first to infuse a foam with nitrogen and helped Nike develop its ZoomX foam technology. Now other companies such as Under Armour and New Balance have also used nitrogen in their own way. The brands say their scientists will work with the chemical companies and request adjustments to the foams, making the cushioning proprietary in the process.”¹⁷
化学公司可以调整化合物和制造过程以获得类似的结果。如果一个公司创新，其他公司很快就可以跟进。Zotefoams 是最早将氮气注入泡沫的公司之一，并帮助耐克开发了其 ZoomX 泡沫技术。现在，包括 Under Armour 和 New Balance 在内的其他公司也以自己的方式使用了氮气。这些品牌表示，他们的科学家将与化学公司合作，并要求对泡沫进行调整，使得在这一过程中缓冲变得专有。 ¹⁷

“Dating back to the late 1970s, the rubber air bag stuffed into the heel of Nike shoes was a revolutionary innovation, adding support and bounce where athletes needed it most. In 1987, Nike made those air bags visible through the rubber in the soles of the Air Max 1 shoes, and with it, they created a new genre of shoe that is still going strong. Today, Nike is announcing the biggest change to its Air technology since it was first created. The new version of the cushion technology is Air Max Dn, a four-chamber air bag that uses two separate internal pressures to better accommodate the ways feet move when walking and running.”¹⁹
“追溯到 20 世纪 70 年代末，耐克鞋跟部塞入的橡胶气囊是一项革命性的创新，为运动员最需要的部位增加了支撑和弹性。1987 年，耐克在 Air Max 1 鞋款的鞋底橡胶中使这些气囊变得可见，由此创造了一种至今仍然盛行的新鞋类。今天，耐克宣布自首次创造以来对其 Air 技术进行的最大变革。新版的缓震技术是 Air Max Dn，一个四室气囊，它使用两种不同的内部压力来更好地适应行走和跑步时脚的运动方式。” ¹⁹

Self-Lacing Sneakers

“In 2019, Nike got closer than ever to its dream of popularizing self-tying sneakers by releasing the Adapt BB.”
“2019 年，耐克通过发布 Adapt BB，比以往任何时候都更接近实现其自动系带运动鞋的梦想。”

“Nike basketball “high-tech shoes which are not only self-lacing and app-controlled, but will also automatically adjust to the foot. According to Nike, the Adapt BB uses a custom motor and tension-sensing gears to automatically adjust the snugness of each sneaker on a player's feet. Using the Nike Adapt app, players can also manually input different settings and tensile strength, with the laces capable of pulling 32 pounds of force, which Nike says is roughly equivalent to "that of a standard parachute cord". In keeping with the high-tech nature of the shoes, Nike Adapt BB will ship with a Qi wireless charging mat (pictured above) in the box, and wearers will also have full control of the LED lights in the shoes' soles, allowing them to change lighting colors on the fly.” ²⁰
耐克篮球“高科技鞋不仅具备自动系带和应用程序控制功能，还能自动适应脚型。据耐克公司称，Adapt BB 采用定制电机和感应张力的齿轮，能够自动调整每只运动鞋对球员脚部的紧密度。球员还可以使用耐克 Adapt 应用程序手动输入不同的设置和张力强度，鞋带能够承受 32 磅的力量，耐克表示这大约相当于“标准降落伞绳”的力量。为了与鞋子的高科技特性相符，耐克 Adapt BB 将在盒子里附带一个 Qi 无线充电垫（如上图所示），穿戴者还可以完全控制鞋底 LED 灯光，允许他们随时更改照明颜色。”

“Debuting in the new Nike Adapt BB basketball sneaker, Nike Adapt is an advanced fit solution that offers a platform to create a custom fit. Combining an advanced power-lacing system, an app and continually updated firmware, the performance footwear offers an optimal fit, even as the game progresses. When a player steps into the Nike Adapt BB, a custom motor and gear train senses the space around the foot and adjusts to keep the foot snug. Then, as players begin to move, FitAdapt technology kicks in. By manual touch or by using the Nike Adapt app on a smartphone, players can input fit settings that can vary during different moments of a game.”²²
在新款耐克 Adapt BB 篮球鞋中首次亮相的耐克 Adapt 是一种先进的适配解决方案，它提供了一个平台来创建定制的贴合度。结合了先进的电动系带系统、应用程序以及不断更新的固件，这款性能鞋履提供了最佳的贴合度，即使在比赛过程中也能保持。当球员踏入耐克 Adapt BB 时，一个定制的电机和齿轮传动装置会感应脚部周围的空间，并调整以保持脚部紧密贴合。然后，随着球员开始移动，FitAdapt 技术开始发挥作用。通过手动触摸或使用智能手机上的耐克 Adapt 应用程序，球员可以输入在比赛不同时刻可能会变化的贴合度设置。

New:

“Nike’s self-lacing Adapt BB sneakers are losing their remote control mobile app. The Nike Adapt App is leaving app stores in August, but the $350 shoes can still be manually operated. Without the app, owners can use the physical buttons on the sneakers to power them on and off, check battery status, tighten or loosen the laces, and save a single preset, but there will be no way to adjust the shoe’s lighting. Nike’s decision to retire the app is another reminder of the challenges of designing smart apparel. Most consumers might be used to the idea of upgrading a smartphone every few years, but an electronic pair of shoes or a smart denim jacket can remain in someone’s wardrobe for decades, long after a company stops selling the product. It’s not entirely surprising when a company chooses to stop paying for the upkeep and continued development of an app for a product it’s no longer making money on, but that doesn’t take the sting out of losing functionality on your five-year-old kicks.”²³ “Nike's brief explanation for discontinuing the app is that Nike "is no longer creating new versions of Adapt shoes.”²⁴
耐克的自动系带 Adapt BB 运动鞋将失去其远程控制移动应用程序。耐克 Adapt 应用程序将在八月份离开应用商店，但这双售价 350 美元的鞋子仍然可以手动操作。没有应用程序，鞋主可以使用运动鞋上的物理按钮来开关电源、检查电池状态、收紧或放松鞋带，并保存一个预设，但将无法调整鞋子的灯光。耐克决定退役该应用程序是智能服装设计挑战的又一提醒。大多数消费者可能已经习惯了每隔几年就升级一次智能手机，但一双电子鞋或一件智能牛仔夹克可能会在某人的衣橱中保留数十年，即使在公司停止销售该产品后也是如此。当一家公司选择停止支付其不再盈利的产品的应用程序维护和持续开发费用时，并不完全令人意外，但这并不能减轻你五年前的旧鞋失去功能的痛苦。耐克停止应用程序的简短解释是耐克“不再创建 Adapt 鞋的新版本”。

Video review: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvxpNZ5700k

Performance-Enhancing Footwear

“Nike’s pursuit of innovation has led to the creation of the Nike Blueprint Pack, a collection showcasing the pinnacle of Air-powered footwear. The Nike Blueprint Pack features an array of cutting-edge designs tailored to the unique needs of athletes, from track spikes to basketball shoes and premium football boots.”²⁵
“耐克对创新的追求导致了耐克蓝图包的诞生，这是一个展示以空气动力为顶点的鞋履系列。耐克蓝图包特色是一系列尖端设计，为满足运动员的独特需求而量身定制，从田径钉鞋到篮球鞋，再到高级足球靴。” ²⁵

Nike and Hyperice Introduce Advanced Wearable Tech for Athletes
耐克和 Hyperice 为运动员引入先进的可穿戴技术

“Nike and Hyperice, a health technology company, have partnered to develop two wearable technologies that are designed to improve the warm-up and recuperation routines of athletes. High-tech footwear and a versatile vest comprise the recently introduced products.
“耐克和健康科技公司 Hyperice 合作，开发了两种旨在改善运动员热身和恢复常规的可穿戴技术。最近推出的产品包括高科技鞋履和多功能背心。”

The footwear, which Nike describes as "wearable and mobile," is equipped with heat and dynamic air-compression massage capabilities for the feet and ankles. A system of dual-air Normatec bladders, which are incorporated with warming elements, is employed in these boots to ensure that the upper portion of the boots is evenly heated. Nike clarified that this combination is intended to "drive heat deep into the muscle and tissue in the foot and ankle, helping athletes move, perform and recover naturally much faster."
这款鞋履，耐克形容为“可穿戴且便携”，配备了针对脚和脚踝的热能和动态气压按摩功能。这些靴子采用了双气囊 Normatec 气囊系统，与加热元件结合使用，以确保靴子的上部分均匀加热。耐克澄清，这种组合旨在“将热量深入推进脚和脚踝的肌肉和组织中，帮助运动员更自然、更快地移动、表现和恢复。”

The battery cell, which is situated in the insole of each shoe, regulates the three levels of compression and heat that the boots provide. Athletes can choose to control the heat and compression of both shoes simultaneously with a single button or adjust each shoe individually.” ²⁶
鞋垫中的电池单元调节靴子提供的三个压缩和加热级别。运动员可以选择用一个按钮同时控制两只鞋的热量和压缩，或者单独调节每只鞋。” ²⁶

“The collaborative vest utilizes thermoelectric coolers to deliver immediate heating and cooling capabilities without requiring ice or liquid. According to Nike, this feature enables athletes to "dial their body temperatures to their exact specifications during warm-ups and cool-downs."
“这款合作开发的背心利用热电冷却器提供即时加热和冷却功能，无需使用冰块或液体。据耐克公司称，这一特点使得运动员能够在热身和冷却时“将体温调节到他们精确的需求。”

Hyperice, a company renowned for its innovative recuperation technology, contributes its expertise to this partnership, supplementing Nike's product line with state-of-the-art thermal and compression technology. This collaboration represents a substantial advancement in the development of recovery solutions and optimal athletic performance.”²⁷
Hyperice 是一家以其创新的恢复技术而闻名的公司，它将其专业知识贡献给这一合作伙伴关系，用最先进的热能和压缩技术补充了 Nike 的产品线。这次合作代表了恢复解决方案和最佳运动表现发展的一个重大进步。 ²⁷

“The Nike x Hyperice boot is a wearable and mobile high-top shoe that offers heat and dynamic air-compression massage on demand for athletes’ feet and ankles.” ²⁸
“Nike x Hyperice 靴子是一款可穿戴且便携的高帮鞋，为运动员的脚和脚踝提供按需加热和动态气压按摩。” ²⁸

Visualization: https://www.facebook.com/NiceKicks/videos/lebron-james-shows-off-innovative-new-hyperice-x-nike-recovery-shoes-%EF%B8%8F/987858506281899/
可视化：https://www.facebook.com/NiceKicks/videos/lebron-james-shows-off-innovative-new-hyperice-x-nike-recovery-shoes-%EF%B8%8F/987858506281899/

Smart Shoes

“Your sneakers already feature innovations that optimize every single aspect of running, from outsole shock absorption and insole cushioning to light materials and the perfect fit. Now they will be able to deliver additional data that provides a fuller picture. To track relevant variables and deliver that information to your smartphone, they need battery-powered pressure sensors, a futuristic gyroscope and accelerometer, as well as app connectivity all while maintaining comfort and lightness.” ¹
“您的运动鞋已经具备了优化跑步的每一个方面的创新功能，从外底的冲击吸收和鞋垫的缓冲，到轻质材料和完美的贴合度。现在，它们将能够提供更全面的数据。为了追踪相关变量并将信息传输到您的智能手机，它们需要配备电池供电的压力传感器、未来派的陀螺仪和加速度计，以及应用程序连接功能，同时保持舒适和轻盈。” ¹

“Smart shoes have ushered in a new era of personalized health monitoring and assistive technology. The shoe leverages technologies such as Bluetooth for data collection and wireless transmission and incorporates features such as GPS tracking, obstacle detection, and fitness tracking.” ²
“智能鞋开启了个性化健康监测和辅助技术的新时代。这种鞋子利用了蓝牙等技术进行数据收集和无线传输，并整合了 GPS 追踪、障碍物检测和健身追踪等功能。” ²

“In recent years, technological advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) and wearable devices have penetrated the shoe industry, driving smart shoe design. Integration of electronic and mechanical 2 components, controllers, and microprocessors has enabled the development of a shoe into a smart shoe. Using smart footwear, personalised cell phone applications are also available for selfmonitoring.” ³
“近年来，物联网（IoT）和可穿戴设备的技术进步已经渗透到鞋类行业，推动智能鞋设计。电子和机械组件、控制器和微处理器的集成使得鞋子发展成为智能鞋。使用智能鞋，还可以为个性化手机应用程序提供自我监测的功能。” ³

“Smart footwear can capture, monitor and record activities of daily living. Particularly, the use of intelligent sensor(s) enables footwear to act as a smart footwear. As sensors can keep track of activities of daily living and can provide information about a range of vital characteristics such as: (foot) pressure points, posture correctness, body fatigue level, temperature in the footwear, number of steps completed, weight of a person, and real-time location.
“智能鞋能够捕捉、监控并记录日常生活活动。特别是，智能传感器的使用使鞋子成为智能鞋。由于传感器能够跟踪日常生活活动，并能提供一系列重要特征信息，如：（脚部）压力点、姿势正确性、身体疲劳程度、鞋内温度、完成的步数、个人体重以及实时位置。

This information can be further automatically analysed and used for diagnosis. Hence, smart footwear can provide personalised feedback to users, from measuring athletic performance to tracking fitness and evaluating health metrics. The efforts in this area seemed to be aimed at integrating technology to improve comfort, convenience, and good health.” ⁴
这些信息可以进一步自动分析并用于诊断。因此，智能鞋能够向用户提供个性化反馈，从测量运动表现到跟踪健身和评估健康指标。在这一领域的努力似乎旨在整合技术以提高舒适度、便利性和良好健康。” ⁴

Once they are charged and connected to a smartphone app, you simply put them on and go. The insole is usually equipped with several technical components:
一旦它们被充电并连接到智能手机应用程序，你只需穿上它们就可以出发。鞋垫通常配备有几个技术组件：

a gyroscope, which determines which way your shoe is turned, including rotation as your foot moves while running;
一个陀螺仪，用于确定你的鞋子转向的方向，包括在跑步时脚部移动的旋转；

an accelerometer, which registers movement and speed (in several dimensions, depending on capability);
一个加速度计，用于注册运动和速度（根据能力，可能是多个维度）；

pressure sensors (optional) to measure impact and weight distribution, which can help identify potential injury hazards in your running style;
压力传感器（可选）用于测量冲击力和重量分布，这有助于识别你跑步风格中潜在的受伤危险；

GPS (optional) to track your location and routes;
GPS（可选）追踪您的位置和路线；

altimeter (optional) to track height differences, which is important if you go trail running, or even just regularly tackle hilly running routes;
高度计（可选）追踪高度差异，这在您进行越野跑，或者甚至只是定期应对多山的跑步路线时非常重要；

a processor that calculates movement patterns from the sensor data and can tell you how to improve your running style;
一种处理器，它能从传感器数据中计算出运动模式，并能告诉你如何改进你的跑步风格；

connectivity module, usually via Bluetooth, to transmit data to your smartphone.” ⁵
连接模块，通常通过蓝牙，将数据传输到你的智能手机。” ⁵

“Smart running shoes can analyze your running style, measure strain, impact and balance and make suggestions that support your personal training goals.
“智能跑鞋可以分析你的跑步风格，测量应变、冲击和平衡，并提出支持你个人训练目标的建议。

The data collected can help prevent running injuries and boost race performance.
收集的数据可以帮助预防跑步伤害并提升比赛表现。

Not only because the evaluation of in-depth data allows you to optimize your running style, but also because some smart shoes can even loosen or tighten your laces as needed, protecting your ankles and tendons.
这不仅是因为深入数据的评估可以让你优化跑步风格，还因为一些智能鞋甚至可以根据需要松紧鞋带，保护你的脚踝和肌腱。

Wearable technology can track data, collect and interpret it in meaningful ways to improve athletic performance, enrich online gaming and improve the quality of life of physically impaired users.” ⁶
可穿戴技术能够追踪数据、收集并以有意义的方式解读它，以提高运动表现、丰富在线游戏体验并改善身体残疾用户的生活质量。 ⁶

Room for improvement:
改进空间：

“However, as smart insoles and shoes become increasingly popular and their use more widespread, their capabilities are certain to improve. Soon, you could get live coaching feedback while you work out, as a smart assistant talks you through your run. One day, your running data could be used to optimize your next pair of custom 3D-printed running shoes. As hardware and materials continue to improve, it may even become possible to automatically and dynamically adapt the sole and cushioning to running conditions, increasing grip as you move to unsteady ground or softening the insole on hard asphalt.” ⁷
“然而，随着智能鞋垫和鞋类变得越来越流行，它们的使用也越来越广泛，它们的功能肯定会得到改进。不久的将来，当你锻炼时，你可能会得到实时的教练反馈，因为一个智能助手会在你跑步时指导你。有一天，你的跑步数据可能会被用来优化你的下一双定制的 3D 打印跑鞋。随着硬件和材料的不断改进，甚至可能会实现自动和动态地适应跑步条件的鞋底和缓冲，当你移动到不稳定的地面时增加抓地力，或者在硬质沥青上软化鞋垫。” ⁷

“A more holistic approach could see tracking technology applied to all shoes and the resulting data linked with other health and fitness information. This would allow you to see patterns and connections between everyday habits and athletic performance, overall fitness and specific challenges, perhaps even physical, mental health and general wellbeing.” ^{8 9}
“一个更全面的方法可能会看到跟踪技术应用于所有鞋类，并将结果数据与其他健康和健身信息链接起来。这将允许你看到日常习惯与运动表现、整体健康和特定挑战之间的模式和联系，甚至可能是身体、心理健康和总体福祉。” ^{8 9}

More on Smart Shoes
关于智能鞋的更多信息

“Smart footware can be broadly categorized into:
“智能鞋类可以广泛分为：

a) passive, which derives its energy from mechanical (limb) movements, and
a) 被动型，其能量来源于机械（肢体）运动，和

b) active, which works based on sensors.
b) 主动型，基于传感器工作。

Notably, the development of smart footware often involves a fusion of both these categories, resulting in hybrid models that utilize elements from both passive and active technologies to enhance their overall functionality and performance. Such smart footwear can be used for various applications.” ¹
值得注意的是，智能鞋类的开发通常涉及这两类技术的融合，从而产生了结合了被动和主动技术元素的混合模型，以增强其整体功能性和性能。这种智能鞋可用于各种应用。 ¹

“Sensors are electronic devices that in SF context, typically record physical, analog parameters (such as pressure, temperature, movement) and convert them into digital form which can be processed to draw insights into the activities of daily living (e.g. number of steps, feet pressure points/gait etc.). A wide variety of sensors are available, and the choice of a sensor depends on the smart footware requirements.” ²
传感器是电子设备，在智能鞋（SF）的背景下，它们通常记录物理的、模拟的参数（如压力、温度、运动），并将其转换为可以处理的数字形式，以便洞察日常生活活动（例如步数、脚部压力点/步态等）。有多种传感器可供选择，选择哪种传感器取决于智能鞋的需求。 ²

Figure. Various design aspects of smart footwear. ³

Applciation in healthcare;

Perfomance tracking;
性能追踪；

Patient monitoring;
患者监测；

Main applications of smart footwear. ⁴

“Smart footwear represents a significant advancement in wearable technology, offering promising applications in health monitoring, assistive technology, and medical treatment. Integrating advanced sensors, energy harvesting systems, and machine learning algorithms can revolutionise personal health management and improve the quality of life for individuals with disabilities. However, further research is needed to overcome current challenges, including improving the comfort and design of smart footwear, reducing costs, and ensuring data privacy and security. Future research should also explore the integration of smart footwear with other smart devices, using sustainable materials and manufacturing processes, and the development of more efficient energy harvesting and storage systems.” ⁵
“智能鞋类代表了可穿戴技术的重大进步，它在健康监测、辅助技术和医疗治疗方面提供了有希望的应用。集成先进的传感器、能量采集系统和机器学习算法可以革命性地改善个人健康管理，并提高残疾人士的生活质量。然而，还需要进一步的研究来克服当前的挑战，包括改善智能鞋的舒适性和设计、降低成本以及确保数据隐私和安全。未来的研究还应探索将智能鞋与其他智能设备的集成，使用可持续材料和制造过程，以及开发更高效的能量采集和存储系统。” ⁵

“Generally, younger generations are more inclined towards technology-incorporated products. Smart footwear is one such product that provides personalized feedback. Perhaps this is one of the reasons that smart footwear expanded at a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 22.7 % during the forecast period 2023-2033. The market is expected to hold a share of USD 269 million in 2023, while it is anticipated to surpass USD 2.1 billion by 2033” ⁶
“通常，年轻一代更倾向于使用融合了技术的产品。智能鞋就是这样一种产品，它提供个性化反馈。或许这就是智能鞋在预测期 2023-2033 年间以 22.7%的强劲复合年增长率（CAGR）扩张的原因之一。市场预计在 2023 年将占有 2.69 亿美元的份额，而到 2033 年预计将超过 21 亿美元。” ⁶

“Designing smart footwear involves several features, such as
“设计智能鞋涉及多个特性，例如

the selection of sensors;
传感器的选择；

number of sensors;

placement of sensors;
传感器的布置；

communication mode;

selection of controllers and processors;
控制器和处理器的选择；

etc.

Study, provides a detailed description on designing aspects of smart footwear. However, the choice of textile materials used in footwear can alter its efficiency. Smart footwear must satisfy user needs and simultaneously also meet aesthetic/perception thresholds.”⁷
研究提供了关于智能鞋设计方面的详细描述。然而，鞋类中使用的纺织材料的选择可能会改变其效率。智能鞋必须满足用户需求，同时也要达到审美/感知阈值。” ⁷

Part 2. Statistics

Sneaker Brands

“Some of the key players in the market include:
“市场的一些关键参与者包括：

Adidas AG;

ASICS Corporation;

Benetton Group S.r.l.;

Columbia Sportswear Company;

ECCO Sko A/S;

Hanesbrands Inc.;

Kering SA;

New Balance;

Nike Inc.;

Puma SE;

Reebok International Limited (Authentic Brands Group LLC);
锐步国际有限公司（Authentic Brands Group LLC）；

Skechers U.S.A. Inc.;

Under Armour Inc.;

VF Corporation.”¹

“According to estimates from Statista Market Insights, sneakers excluding purely functional athletic footwear are now a $75-billion market, which is expected to grow to nearly $100 billion in annual sales by 2028. With an estimated market share of 18 percent, Nike is the clear number one in the global sneaker landscape. That figure underestimates Nike’s dominance in the game, however, as both the second-placed Jordan brand and Converse in seventh place are also owned by the Beaverton, Oregon-based sportswear giant.” ²
“根据 Statista Market Insights 的估计，除纯粹功能性运动鞋外的运动鞋市场现在是一个 750 亿美元的市场，预计到 2028 年年销售额将增长到近 1000 亿美元。耐克以 18%的市场份额明显领先于全球运动鞋市场。然而，这个数字低估了耐克在这一领域的统治地位，因为位居第二的乔丹品牌和位居第七的匡威品牌也同属于总部位于俄勒冈州比弗顿的运动服饰巨头耐克公司。” ²

Some other tech:
其他技术：

“The Magnetic Appeal: No More Tripping Over Laces. Magnetic closures are revolutionizing how shoes are tied. This feature offers convenience for all users, especially those with mobility issues. It's a small change with a significant impact, providing ease and enhancing independence for many.
“磁性吸引力：不再绊倒鞋带。磁性闭合正在彻底改变鞋带的系法。这一特性为所有用户带来便利，尤其是那些有行动障碍的人。这是一个小变化，但却有着重大的影响，为许多人提供了便利并增强了独立性。

Augmented Reality Try-Ons: The Virtual Fitting Room. Now customers can try on shoes virtually from anywhere in the world, ensuring the perfect style and fit before making a purchase.
增强现实试穿：虚拟试衣间。现在顾客可以在世界任何地方虚拟试穿鞋子，确保在购买前拥有完美的款式和合脚度。

Self-Healing Footwear: The Regenerative Revolution. Self-healing shoe technology, once a speculative concept, is now a reality. These shoes can repair minor cracks overnight, thanks to advanced materials inspired by human skin. This innovation not only extends the life of the shoe but also reduces waste.”³
自愈鞋履：再生革命。曾经是推测性概念的自愈鞋技术，现已成为现实。这些鞋子能够在一夜之间修复小裂痕，这要归功于受人类皮肤启发的先进材料。这项创新不仅延长了鞋子的使用寿命，还减少了浪费。 ³

“According to findings from Statista Consumer Insights, Nike is still the most popular sneaker brand in the U.S., as the Oregonian sportswear giant leverages its home turf advantage versus long-term rival Adidas.” ⁵
“根据 Statista Consumer Insights 的调查结果显示，耐克仍然是美国最受欢迎的运动鞋品牌，这家俄勒冈州的运动服装巨头利用其本土优势对抗长期竞争对手阿迪达斯。” ⁵

Distribution Channels
分销渠道

“Based on the distribution channel, the global sneakers market is divided into offline retail stores and online retail stores.
“基于分销渠道，全球运动鞋市场被划分为线下零售店和线上零售店。

Offline retail stores shall include supermarkets & hypermarkets, brand outlets, and specialty stores. This segment is projected to hold the largest market share due to the convenience of trying the sneakers to ensure comfort and matched preferences.
线下零售店应包括超市和大卖场、品牌直营店以及专卖店。这一部分预计将占据最大市场份额，因为试穿运动鞋以确保舒适度和满足偏好的便利性。

Online retail stores will account to be fastest growing due to increased internet users, a wider range of designs, and at discounted rates compared to offline retail stores.” ⁷
线上零售店将成为增长最快的部分，原因是互联网用户增加、设计种类更多以及与线下零售店相比有折扣优惠。” ⁷

“The increasing urbanization and the growing middle class across the globe fueling the demand for premium products is anticipated to drive the market growth. Furthermore, the burgeoning organization of international sporting events and global pop culture for promoting sneakers and bridging the gap between diverse cultures and demographics is enhancing the market growth. Apart from this, the heightened influence of regional trends and consumer preferences, prompting brands to adopt localized strategies, is catalyzing the market growth.” ⁸
“全球不断增长的城市化和中产阶级的扩大，推动了对高端产品需求的增长，预计将推动市场增长。此外，国际体育赛事的日益组织和全球流行文化用于推广运动鞋，以及弥合不同文化和人口统计之间的差距，这也在增强市场增长。除此之外，地区趋势和消费者偏好的巨大影响，促使品牌采取本地化策略，这也在催化市场增长。” ⁸

The Sneakerhead Phenomenon

“At the heart of the sneakers market lies a passionate community of enthusiasts known as sneakerheads. Defined by their obsession with sneakers, sneakerheads collect, trade, and obsess over rare and exclusive footwear releases. For many, sneakers are more than just shoes they're a form of self-expression, a symbol of status, and a connection to culture and identity.
“在运动鞋市场的核心，存在一个由热情社区组成的爱好者群体，被称为鞋迷。鞋迷以对运动鞋的痴迷而定义，他们收集、交易并对稀有和独家发售的鞋履念念不忘。对许多人来说，运动鞋不仅仅是鞋子，它们是自我表达的一种形式，是地位的象征，也是与文化和身份的联系。”

The rise of social media and online marketplaces has fueled the growth of the sneakerhead subculture, enabling enthusiasts to connect, share, and showcase their collections with a global audience. Sneaker conventions, pop-up events, and online forums serve as hubs for enthusiasts to buy, sell, and trade sneakers, fostering a vibrant ecosystem of collectors and enthusiasts.”⁹
社交媒体和在线市场的兴起推动了潮鞋爱好者亚文化的增长，使爱好者能够与全球观众连接、分享和展示他们的收藏。潮鞋会议、快闪活动和在线论坛作为爱好者购买、出售和交换潮鞋的中心，促进了收藏家和爱好者的充满活力的生态系统的形成。 ⁹

Global Sneakers Market: By Region

“As per the geographical analysis, the global sneakers market can be classified into:
“根据地理分析，全球潮鞋市场可以分为：

North America (the United States, Canada, and Mexico);
北美（美国、加拿大和墨西哥）；

Asia Pacific (India, China, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Rest of Asia Pacific);
亚太地区（印度、中国、日本、马来西亚、新加坡以及亚太地区的其他国家和地区）；

Europe (Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, France, Spain, Netherlands, and Rest of Europe);
欧洲（德国、英国、意大利、法国、西班牙、荷兰以及欧洲的其他国家和地区）；

Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Rest of the Middle East & Africa);
中东与非洲（沙特阿拉伯、阿拉伯联合酋长国以及中东与非洲的其他国家和地区）；

Central & South America (Brazil, Argentina, and Rest of Central and South America).” ¹⁰
中南美洲（巴西、阿根廷以及中南美洲其他地区）。 ¹⁰

“North America (the United States, Canada, and Mexico) will dominate the global share in the global sneakers market from 2022 to 2027. The region's dominance has been largely attributed to consumers' greater understanding of sneakers and the latest trends in the world, lifestyle shift from fashion to comfort has resulted in increased market demand for sneakers, growing awareness, and increasing participation in outdoor sports and adventure activities and prevalence of key players in the market. Sneakers have long been associated with American culture, but they have now spread throughout the globe. Sneakers are in high demand, especially among the younger generation. In the North American region, the United States has the largest market share, followed by Canada.
“北美地区（美国、加拿大和墨西哥）将在 2022 年至 2027 年间主导全球运动鞋市场的全球份额。该地区的主导地位在很大程度上归因于消费者对运动鞋及世界最新趋势的更深入理解，从时尚到舒适的生活方式转变导致了对运动鞋市场需求的增加，对外部运动和冒险活动的参与意识增长，以及市场中关键参与者的普遍存在。运动鞋长期以来一直与美国文化联系在一起，但现在已经传播到全球各地。运动鞋特别是在年轻一代中需求量很大。在北美地区，美国拥有最大的市场份额，其次是加拿大。

Europe is the second-largest market, People are becoming increasingly aware of their health and well-being as chronic diseases and sedentary lifestyles become more common.
欧洲是第二大市场，随着慢性病和久坐生活方式变得越来越普遍，人们越来越意识到自己的健康和福祉。

Moreover, the Asia Pacific (India, China, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Rest of Asia Pacific) region is expected to be the fastest-growing segment in the global sneakers market during the forecast period. The increase in government initiatives to increase awareness regarding health and wellbeing by encouraging 2K, 5K run and mandating sports hour in schools and offices and as well as increasing participation in sports recreational activities and socialization by people and growing participation of the countries in the regions in sports activities at national, international and Olympic level due to these reasons it is likely to propel market expansion in the Asia Pacific.”¹¹
此外，预计亚太地区（包括印度、中国、日本、马来西亚、新加坡以及亚太地区其他国家和地区）将是全球运动鞋市场增长最快的细分市场。政府为了提高人们对健康和福祉的认识而采取的各种措施，如鼓励举办 2 公里、5 公里跑步活动，以及在学校和办公室强制实行体育课时，加之人们对体育娱乐活动和社交活动的参与度不断增加，以及该地区国家在国家级、国际级和奥林匹克级别的体育活动中的参与度日益增长，正因为这些原因，预计将推动亚夑市场的扩张。

“The Asia Pacific region is a rapidly growing segment in the market, driven by expanding urbanization, increasing disposable incomes, and a young, fashion-conscious population. Moreover, the diverse consumer base in the region who are enthusiastic about local and international sneaker brands, is favoring the market growth. Apart from this, the emergence of e-commerce platforms and digital payment systems, making it easier for consumers to access a wide range of products, is fueling the sneaker industry's growth.” ¹²
“亚太地区是市场中快速增长的一个细分市场，这一增长受到城市化扩张、可支配收入增加以及年轻的、注重时尚的人口增长的推动。此外，该地区对本地和国际运动鞋品牌充满热情的多元化消费者基础，正促进市场增长。除此之外，电子商务平台和数字支付系统的出现，使消费者更容易接触到广泛的产品，这也在推动运动鞋行业的增长。” ¹²

Branded holds the largest share in the industry
品牌在行业中占据最大市场份额

“Branded sneakers are dominating the market, driven by enhanced consumer loyalty, global recognition, and significant investments in marketing and innovation. Moreover, they are esteemed for their quality, innovation, and status symbol. Along with this, the rising adoption of branded sneakers as they benefit from strong brand heritage, extensive research and development (R&B), and high-profile endorsements and collaborations, is positively impacting the sneaker industry size. Besides this, the introduction of comprehensive marketing strategies, including celebrity partnerships, influencer marketing, and engaging social media campaigns, which enhance brand visibility and appeal, is enhancing the market growth.” ¹³
“品牌运动鞋正在主导市场，这得益于消费者忠诚度的增强、全球认可度以及在市场营销和创新方面的巨大投资。此外，它们因其质量、创新和身份象征而受到尊重。与此同时，由于品牌运动鞋受益于强大的品牌传承、广泛的研发（R&B）以及高调的代言和合作，其采用率的上升正积极影响着运动鞋行业的规模。除此之外，包括名人合作、影响者营销和吸引人的社交媒体活动在内的全面营销策略的引入，增强了品牌的可见性和吸引力，从而促进了市场增长。” ¹³

Private-label sneakers cater to the cost-conscious demographic who are looking for affordable, functional footwear. Moreover, they focus on competitive pricing, reasonable quality, and the latest style trends. Beside this, the increasing presence of e-commerce platforms, which make private label sneakers more accessible to a broader audience, is promoting the sneaker’s industry share.”¹⁴
“面向注重成本的人群的私人品牌运动鞋提供了价格合理、功能性强的鞋类产品。此外，它们专注于竞争性定价、合理的质量和最新的时尚趋势。除此之外，电子商务平台的日益普及使得私人品牌运动鞋能够触及更广泛的受众，这也促进了运动鞋行业份额的增长。” ¹⁴

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