Top 10 Skills of Ethical Hacker
道德黑客的 10 大技能

Every year, we hear news about some organisations or individuals who went through huge losses because they were hacked. However, hacking is not limited to breaking into a computer system for committing malicious acts. Some hackers work to figure out loopholes and weak areas in a system to make it less vulnerable to outside threats. These cyberpunks possess the Skills of Ethical Hackers, and they save thousands of cyber-attacks every year. 
每年，我们都会听到一些组织或个人因被黑客入侵而遭受巨大损失的新闻。但是，黑客攻击不仅限于闯入计算机系统进行恶意行为。一些黑客努力找出系统中的漏洞和薄弱环节，使其不易受到外部威胁。这些赛博朋克拥有道德黑客的技能，他们每年拯救了数千次网络攻击。

Ethical Hackers are the wall of safety to many organisations, allowing them to grow and evolve without the risk of being attacked. So, by learning about the skills they possess, you, too, can save your organisation’s valuable data. Read this blog to uncover the top 10 Skills of Ethical Hackers necessary for beginners and professionals that allow them to deal with outside threats on a regular basis. 
道德黑客是许多组织的安全墙，使它们能够在没有受到攻击的风险的情况下发展壮大。因此，通过了解他们拥有的技能，您也可以保存组织的宝贵数据。阅读此博客，了解初学者和专业人士必备的 10 大道德黑客技能，这些技能使他们能够定期处理外部威胁。

Table of Contents
目录  

1) Who is an Ethical Hacker?  
1） 谁是道德黑客？

2) Top Skills of Ethical Hackers 
2） 道德黑客的顶级技能

    a) Networking skills 
    a） 网络技能

    b) Computer skills 
    b） 计算机技能

    c) Linux skills 
    c） Linux 技能

    d) Programming skills   
    d） 编程技能

    e) SQL skills 
    e） SQL 技能

    f) Hardware knowledge 
    f） 硬件知识

    g) Knowledge in reverse engineering 
    g） 逆向工程知识

    h) Cryptography knowledge 
    h） 密码学知识

    i) Database skills 
    i） 数据库技能

    j) Problem solving skills 
    j） 解决问题的能力

3) Conclusion 
3） 总结

Who is an Ethical Hacker?
谁是道德黑客？ 

An Ethical Hacker is a professional who protects organisations or individuals against potential cyber threats. These Hackers are also referred to as "White Hat Hackers." They usually have the necessary background of a normal hacker, but they work under certain restrictions and boundaries provided by the organisation that hired them. They purposely stimulate an attack on the systems with the help of various techniques and tools to find out the vulnerabilities of the system.  
一 Ethical Hacker 是保护组织或个人免受潜在网络威胁的专业人士。这些黑客也被称为“白帽黑客”。他们通常具有普通黑客的必要背景，但他们在雇用他们的组织提供的某些限制和界限下工作。他们借助各种技术和工具故意刺激对系统的攻击，以找出系统的漏洞。

Once the weak areas are spotted, Ethical Hackers work with the organisation to implement security improvements. These Hackers always remain up to date with technological advancements to understand all the important threats that can weaken an organisation. Many Ethical Hackers even carry certifications like Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) or Offensive Security Certified Professional. This certification validates their expertise in certain areas of Ethical Hacking.
一旦发现薄弱环节， Ethical Hackers 与组织合作实施安全改进。这些黑客始终紧跟技术进步，以了解可能削弱组织的所有重要威胁。许多道德黑客甚至拥有认证信息系统安全专家 （CISSP） 或进攻性安全认证专家等认证。该认证验证了他们在道德黑客的某些领域的专业知识。
 

Top Skills of Ethical Hackers
道德黑客的顶级技能 

Ethical Hacking is a big concept, and Ethical Hackers require many different skills in order to prevent an organisation from various kinds of attacks. Let us uncover the most essential skills that Ethical Hackers should possess to do their job effectively. The following are some Skills of Ethical Hackers: 
伦理 黑客攻击是一个很大的概念，道德黑客需要许多不同的技能来防止组织受到各种攻击。让我们揭示道德黑客为有效完成工作而应具备的最基本技能。以下是道德黑客的一些技能：

Networking skills 网络技能 

Networking essentially means building a network of multiple hosts using different paths for sending and receiving messages and data. An Ethical Hacker needs to understand networking because organisations can face many cyber-attacks when their devices containing essential information are connected to other machines. Here are some important networking skills that an Ethical Hacker should have: 
联网实质上意味着构建一个由多个主机组成的网络，使用不同的路径来发送和接收消息和数据。道德黑客需要了解网络，因为当组织包含重要信息的设备连接到其他机器时，组织可能会面临许多网络攻击。以下是道德黑客应具备的一些重要网络技能：
 

a) Understanding network protocols: Understanding network protocols helps an Ethical Hacker find areas generally prone to cyber-attacks. Suppose these vulnerabilities are not fixed; it's an open invitation to people looking to infiltrate the organisation. Therefore, an Ethical Hacker should possess deep knowledge of networking protocols, such as User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and Domain Name System (DNS).  
a） 了解网络协议：了解网络协议有助于道德黑客找到通常容易受到网络攻击的区域。假设这些漏洞没有得到修复;这是对希望渗透到组织中的人的公开邀请。因此，道德黑客应该对网络协议有深入的了解，例如用户数据报协议 （UDP）、超文本传输协议 （HTTP） 和域名系统 （DNS）。

b) Packet analysis: In terms of data analysis, a packet is a small portion of data travelling through a computer network. Ethical Hackers should know how to analyse these packets to find potential security issues.  
b） 数据包分析：就数据分析而言，数据包是通过计算机网络传输的一小部分数据。道德黑客应该知道如何分析这些数据包以发现潜在的安全问题。

c) Firewalls and routers: A firewall is software that acts as a barrier against an untrusted network. Having an understanding of how firewalls work, if it has vulnerabilities, and the understanding of the difference between hardware and software firewalls allows an Ethical Hacker to gain control over security threats.   
c） 防火墙和路由器：防火墙是充当不受信任的网络屏障的软件。了解防火墙的工作原理、是否存在漏洞以及了解硬件和软件防火墙之间的区别，可以让道德黑客控制安全威胁。

d) Security tools: Different security tools serve different purposes of securing a network. Having the knowledge of which tools can be used for scenarios gives Ethical Hackers the upper hand on potential threats. 
d） 安全工具：不同的安全工具用于保护网络的不同目的。了解哪些工具可用于场景，可以让 Ethical Hackers 在潜在威胁方面占据上风。

Computer skills 计算机技能 

Having expertise in computers makes a person capable enough to sense potential threats. This is the reason why having a firm hand on the computer is essential for an Ethical Hacker. Let us understand some of the critical computer Skills of Ethical Hacker that they should possess: 
拥有计算机专业知识使一个人有足够的能力感知潜在的威胁。这就是为什么牢牢掌握计算机对于道德黑客至关重要的原因。让我们了解他们应该具备的一些 Ethical Hacker 的关键计算机技能：

a) Operating Systems (OSs): Ethical Hackers work with various types of OSs to find loopholes and inefficiencies in the system. Having a basic as well as in-depth understanding of these Operating Systems allows them to accelerate at preventing organisations and individuals from various kinds of attacks.  
一） 操作系统 （OS）：道德黑客与各种类型的操作系统合作，以发现系统中的漏洞和低效率。对这些操作系统有基本和深入的了解，使他们能够加快防止组织和个人受到各种攻击。

b) Programming and scripting: Ethical Hackers write various codes using programming and scripting languages that help prevent cyber-attacks. Having a proper understanding of languages like Python, Bash, Ruby, and PowerShell allows Ethical Hackers to write different types of codes based on specific requirements. 
b） 编程和脚本编写：Ethical Hacker使用有助于防止网络攻击的编程和脚本语言编写各种代码。正确理解 Python、Bash、Ruby 和 PowerShell 等语言可以让道德黑客根据特定要求编写不同类型的代码。

c) Database Management: Sometimes, cyber-attacks happen because SQL Developers leave vulnerabilities in Database Management. This is the reason why an Ethical Hacker should be an expert in Database Management in order to find these loopholes and fix them. 
c） 数据库管理：有时，网络攻击的发生是因为 SQL 开发人员在数据库管理中留下了漏洞。这就是为什么道德黑客应该是数据库管理专家以发现这些漏洞并修复它们的原因。

d) Cloud Computing: As the technological industry keeps moving towards Cloud Computing, loopholes become more frequent, and organisations become more prone towards attacks. Having an understanding of Cloud Computing keeps Ethical Hackers in tune with technological advancements and threats. 
d） 云计算：随着技术行业不断向 C语言计算发展，漏洞变得越来越频繁，组织也更容易受到攻击。了解云计算使 Ethical Hackers 与技术进步和威胁保持一致。

Linux skills Linux 技能 

Linux is free and open source, which makes it a great tool but also a security threat to organisations. Let us understand the importance of Linux Skills for Ethical Hackers:
Linux 是免费和开源的，这使其成为一个很棒的工具，但也对组织构成安全威胁。让我们了解 Linux 技能对道德黑客的重要性：
 

a) Availability of various tools: The most widely used tools for security and hacking these days are devised to run on Linux distribution. Ethical Hacking Tools like Nmap, Wireshark, and Metasploit are incredible for detecting cyber threats, and they work efficiently on Linux platforms.
a） 各种工具的可用性：目前使用最广泛的安全和黑客工具被设计为在 Linux 发行版上运行。Nmap、Wireshark 和 Metasploit 等道德黑客工具在检测网络威胁方面令人难以置信，并且它们在 Linux 平台上高效运行。 

b) Custom scripting: Mostly, Ethical Hackers have to write custom scripts to figure out the loopholes in a system automatically. Linux offers a friendly user base to write such scripts and also offers many languages like Python, Bash, Ruby, and Per.  
b） 自定义脚本：大多数情况下，道德黑客必须编写自定义脚本才能自动找出系统中的漏洞。Linux 提供了友好的用户群来编写此类脚本，并且还提供了多种语言，如 Python、Bash、Ruby 和 Per。

c) Networking and command line: Linux has the best networking capabilities in the market today. It is widely used to manipulate network traffic and configurations. On the other hand, Ethical Hackers also use command line tools for tasks such as analysing logos, configuring network settings, and so on.
c） Networking 和命令行：Linux 拥有当今市场上最好的联网功能。它广泛用于处理网络流量和配置。另一方面，Ethical Hackers 还使用命令行工具执行分析徽标、配置网络设置等任务。 

d) Customisation and flexibility: Linux systems are highly customisable, which gives the upper hand to an Ethical Hacker to build a stronger firewall and tailor their specific needs. This flexibility also comes in handy during testing the security. 
d） 定制和灵活性：Linux 系统是高度可定制的，这让道德黑客占据了上风，可以构建更强大的防火墙并定制他们的特定需求。这种灵活性在测试安全性时也派上用场。

Uncover the dimensions of Ethical Hacking and learn to reveal security flaws – join our Ethical Hacking Training today!
揭开道德黑客攻击的维度并学习揭示安全漏洞 - 立即加入我们的道德黑客培训！ 

Programming skills 编程技能 

Programming skills are the most essential component of Ethical Hacking. Without having a strong grasp of various programming languages like Python, SQL, C++, and so on, an Ethical Hacker cannot write necessary codes and build strong firewalls to stop cyber-attacks. Programming Skills of Ethical Hackers also help them view the problem with a unique point of view, which makes it easy to find solutions. Here's how programming skills can help Ethical Hackers: 
编程技能是 Ethical Hacking 最重要的组成部分。如果不牢牢掌握 Python、SQL、C++ 等各种编程语言，道德黑客就无法编写必要的代码并建立强大的防火墙来阻止网络攻击。道德黑客的编程技能还可以帮助他们以独特的视角看待问题，从而轻松找到解决方案。以下是编程技能如何帮助 Ethical Hackers：

a) Tool development: Sometimes, Ethical Hackers need to develop customised tools and scripts to automate tasks, analyse vulnerabilities, and exploit security weaknesses. Strong programming skills help them to create these tools effectively.  
a） 工具开发：有时，道德黑客需要开发定制的工具和脚本来自动化任务、分析漏洞和利用安全漏洞。强大的编程技能帮助他们有效地创建这些工具。

b) Control development: Understanding programming languages is important for gaining control to take advantage of vulnerabilities in software or systems. 
湾） 控制开发：了解编程语言对于获得控制权以利用软件或系统中的漏洞非常重要。  

c) Reverse engineering: Ethical Hackers now and then need to reverse engineer software to understand how it works and how to defend it. This requires knowledge of programming languages.  
c） 逆向工程：道德黑客有时需要对软件进行逆向工程，以了解它的工作原理以及如何保护它。这需要编程语言知识。

d) Web application security: One can easily find many security vulnerabilities in web applications. This is the reason why Ethical Hackers evaluate the safety of web apps, including finding and exploiting vulnerabilities like SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and cross-site request forgery. 
d） Web 应用程序安全：人们可以很容易地在 Web 应用程序中找到许多安全漏洞。这就是 Ethical Hackers 评估 Web 应用程序安全性的原因，包括发现和利用 SQL 注入、跨站点脚本和跨站点请求伪造等漏洞。

SQL skills SQL 技能 

SQL skills are necessary for Ethical Hackers because they offer them identity, manipulate and demonstrate database and web application vulnerabilities. Let us understand these skills in detail: 
SQL 技能对于道德黑客来说是必不可少的，因为他们为他们提供身份、操作和演示数据库和 Web 应用程序漏洞。让我们详细了解这些技能：
 

a) Database exploitation: Many web applications rely on databases to store and retrieve data, which makes them exposed to SQL injection attacks. By having knowledge of SQL, Ethical Hackers can detect and exploit these vulnerabilities to demonstrate security weaknesses to organisations and, therefore, help them improve their defences.  
a） 数据库利用：许多 Web 应用程序依赖数据库来存储和检索数据，这使得它们面临 SQL 注入攻击。通过了解 SQL，道德黑客可以检测并利用这些漏洞向组织展示安全弱点，从而帮助他们提高防御能力。

b) Data exfiltration: Ethical Hackers demonstrate how an attacker could steal data from a database. SQL Ethical Hacker Skills are important at these points for crafting queries that can extract data from a database without authorisation.  
湾） 数据泄露：道德黑客演示了攻击者如何从数据库中窃取数据。SQL 道德黑客技能在这些方面非常重要，因为可以制作可以在未经授权的情况下从数据库中提取数据的查询。

c) Security assessment: Ethical Hackers also conduct security checks and penetration tests on various applications to identify vulnerabilities. They use SQL for tests and assessing their security.  
c） 安全评估：Ethical Hacker还对各种应用程序进行安全检查和渗透测试，以识别漏洞。他们使用 SQL 进行测试和评估其安全性。

d) Reporting and remediation: After discovering SQL-related vulnerabilities, ethical document their findings and provide advice on remediation. A solid understanding of SQL becomes essential to explain the issues clearly to developers and administrators and assist them in fixing the weaknesses. 
d） 报告和补救：在发现与 SQL 相关的漏洞后，以道德方式记录其发现并提供补救建议。对 SQL 的扎实理解对于向开发人员和管理员清楚地解释问题并帮助他们修复弱点至关重要。

Hardware knowledge 硬件知识 

Hardware knowledge is valuable for Ethical Hackers because it allows them to thoroughly assess and secure systems, identify exposures, and understand the full range of attack vectors. Let us understand these essential skills in more detail:  
硬件知识对于以下方面很有价值 道德黑客，因为它使他们能够彻底评估和保护系统，识别风险，并了解各种攻击媒介。让我们更详细地了解这些基本技能：

a) Understanding attack vectors: Hardware vulnerabilities are the flaws in the physical components of a device. These vulnerabilities might be unintentional, such as design flaws or manufacturing defects, or they can be intentional, like backdoor insertion during production. If these flaws are intentional, they can open paths for attack vectors that can compromise a system. Ethical Hackers explore these attack vectors to assess a system's security. 
a） 了解攻击媒介：硬件漏洞是设备物理组件中的缺陷。这些漏洞可能是无意的，例如设计缺陷或制造缺陷，也可能是有意为之，例如在生产过程中插入后门。如果这些缺陷是有意为之，它们可能会为攻击媒介打开路径，从而危害系统。道德黑客探索这些攻击媒介以评估系统的安全性。

b) Physical security inspections: Ethical Hackers frequently conduct physical security inspections, which involve assessing the security of hardware components such as access control systems, surveillance cameras, and biometrics devices. 
湾） 物理安全检查：Ethical Hacker经常进行物理安全检查，其中包括评估硬件组件的安全性，例如访问控制系统、监控摄像头和生物识别设备。

c) Signal manipulation: Hardware knowledge is important when dealing with wireless networks and combination protocols. For these instances, Ethical Hackers manipulate signals, intercept data, and launch attacks against hardware components involved in wireless communication.  
c） 信号处理：在处理无线网络和组合协议时，硬件知识非常重要。对于这些实例，道德黑客会操纵信号、拦截数据并对无线通信中涉及的硬件组件发起攻击。

d) Physical attacks: A solid understanding of hardware is essential to execute these attacks effectively. Ethical Hackers use physical attacks, such as hardware tampering or device cloning, to compromise a system's security. 
d） 物理攻击：对硬件的深入了解对于有效执行这些攻击至关重要。 道德黑客使用物理攻击（例如硬件篡改或设备克隆）来破坏系统的安全性。

Knowledge in reverse engineering
逆向工程知识 

Reverse engineering is a systemic process used to analyse a product's code in order to decode its underlying architecture. This includes examining the code, data structures, algorithms and interactions between different components. By understanding the essence of reverse engineering, they can gain knowledge of how the product works internally.  
逆向工程是一个系统性的过程，用于分析产品代码以解码其底层架构。这包括检查代码、数据结构、算法和不同组件之间的交互。通过了解逆向工程的本质，他们可以了解产品内部的工作原理。

In some cases, the original source code of a product might be incomplete. Reverse engineering helps in recovering the product's requirements and features by studying the codebase. This is useful for legacy systems where documentation is lost over time. 
在某些情况下，产品的原始源代码可能不完整。逆向工程通过研究代码库来帮助恢复产品的需求和功能。这对于文档随时间而丢失的旧系统非常有用。

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通过注册我们的道德黑客专业课程，学习基础知识并掌握黑客的各个阶段！ 

Cryptography knowledge 密码学知识 

Cryptography is the knowledge of securing communication and data in the presence of competitors. Ethical Hackers should understand this because secure communication is a fundamental aspect of information security. Cryptographic techniques also allow sensitive information to remain confidential and cannot be intercepted or tampered with by hostile third parties during transmission.  
密码学是在竞争对手存在的情况下保护通信和数据的信息。道德黑客应该明白这一点，因为安全通信是信息安全的一个基本方面。加密技术还允许敏感信息保持机密性，并且在传输过程中不会被恶意第三方拦截或篡改。

Ethical Hacker's expertise in cryptographic algorithms and protocols protects data from eavesdropping. This is particularly important when assessing the security of communication channels like email, instant messaging, or data transfer. Cryptography not only increases confidentiality but also data integrity. Ethical Hackers understand cryptographic hash functions like digital signatures, which help them verify that data has not been altered during transmission or storage. 
Ethical Hacker 在加密算法和协议方面的专业知识可以保护数据免遭窃听。在评估电子邮件、即时消息或数据传输等通信渠道的安全性时，这一点尤其重要。密码学不仅可以提高机密性，还可以提高数据完整性。道德黑客了解数字签名等加密哈希函数，这有助于他们验证数据在传输或存储过程中是否未被更改。

Database skills 数据库技能 

Database Management is responsible for storing, organising, and managing data, making it a prime target for attackers. It also has security vulnerabilities that can be influenced by someone looking to attack the database. Ethical Hackers should be able to identify and exploit these flaws before other hackers. This includes understanding the complexities of database security, such as SQL injection, privilege escalation, and authentication flaws.  
数据库 管理层负责存储、组织和管理数据，使其成为攻击者的主要目标。它还存在安全漏洞，可能会受到希望攻击数据库的人的影响。道德黑客应该能够在其他黑客之前识别和利用这些缺陷。这包括了解数据库安全性的复杂性，例如 SQL 注入、权限提升和身份验证缺陷。

Databases store valuable and sensitive information such as customer data, financial records and business data. Ethical Hackers need to assess security controls in place to protect this data from unauthorised access, disclosure or modification. They even perform risk assessments on database systems to figure out the potential impact of a security breach by identifying weaknesses that could lead to data breaches, financial losses, or reputational damage. 
数据库存储有价值的敏感信息，例如客户数据、财务记录和业务数据。道德黑客需要评估现有的安全控制措施，以保护这些数据免受未经授权的访问、披露或修改。他们甚至对数据库系统进行风险评估，通过识别可能导致数据泄露、财务损失或声誉损害的弱点来了解安全漏洞的潜在影响。

Problem solving skills 解决问题的能力 

Ethical Hackers sometimes encounter complex security challenges. These challenges involve intricate systems, multiple layers of security, and evolving attack vectors. These Ethical Hacker Skills help analyse these issues, understand their underlying causes, and create effective strategies to address them.  
Ethical Hacker有时会遇到复杂的安全挑战。这些挑战涉及错综复杂的系统、多层安全性和不断发展的攻击媒介。这些道德黑客技能有助于分析这些问题，了解其根本原因，并制定有效的策略来解决这些问题。

Cyberattacks also evolve constantly, so Ethical Hackers need to think creatively to anticipate new attack vectors and vulnerabilities. Analytical Skills of Ethical Hacker also help them assess various aspects of a system to form a broad understanding of the security landscape. 
网络攻击也在不断发展，因此 道德黑客需要创造性地思考，以预测新的攻击媒介和漏洞。Ethical Hacker 的分析技能还可以帮助他们评估系统的各个方面，以形成对安全形势的广泛理解。

Conclusion 结论 

All the Skills of Ethical Hackers that we discussed above are important to uncover the liabilities of an organisation and find permanent solutions for them. With a proper set of skills, an Ethical Hacker can save time, capital and sensitive information of a company or individual and prevent them from harm. 
我们上面讨论的所有道德黑客技能对于发现组织的责任并为其找到永久解决方案都很重要。凭借一套适当的技能，道德黑客可以节省公司或个人的时间、资金和敏感信息，并防止它们受到伤害。

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