Biden’s Tough-on-China Stance Threatens Green America Push
拜登对中国强硬立场威胁了推动绿色美国的努力

Those moves, along with others that raise tariffs on green products such as batteries and electric vehicles, represent some of the strongest attempts yet to protect nascent industries from a glut of green Chinese products and wean the U.S. off clean-energy supply chains that Beijing dominates.
这些举措以及其他提高对电池和电动汽车等绿色产品关税的举措，代表了迄今为止保护新兴产业免受大量绿色中国产品冲击并使美国摆脱北京主导的清洁能源供应链的一些最有力的尝试。

But the U.S. still relies on imported solar components, and some industry executives say the moves—particularly the antidumping petition—are causing developers to pause panel acquisitions, push back work time lines and prepare for higher costs. That in turn threatens the fast rollout of renewable energy needed for the U.S. to hit ambitious clean-energy and climate goals, they say. 
但美国仍然依赖进口的太阳能组件，一些行业高管表示，这些举措，特别是反倾销诉讼，导致开发商暂停面板采购，推迟工作时间表并为更高成本做准备。他们表示，这反过来威胁到美国实现雄心勃勃的清洁能源和气候目标所需的可再生能源快速推广。

The Biden administration is “trying to strike a balance there between [its clean-energy goals and support of domestic manufacturing], and they’re at odds with each other in a lot of ways,” said Andrew Gier, an energy-practice director at Capstone, a policy consulting firm based in Washington, D.C.
拜登政府“试图在清洁能源目标和支持国内制造之间取得平衡，在许多方面它们是相互矛盾的，” 华盛顿特区政策咨询公司 Capstone 的能源实践总监安德鲁·吉尔说。

The administration’s support of domestic manufacturing has helped its green agenda not hurt it, said Ali Zaidi, President Biden’s national climate adviser. That is because the government is ensuring that supplies of batteries and renewable components are plentiful and don’t depend on one country such as China, he said.
美国政府对国内制造业的支持有助于实现其绿色议程，而非损害它，拜登总统的国家气候顾问阿里·扎伊迪表示。他说，这是因为政府正在确保电池和可再生能源组件的供应充足，并不依赖于中国等一个国家。

“There has not been a trade-off,” Zaidi said. Instead, he added, the government has spurred investments that “build out not just deployment of solar but manufacturing of solar here in the United States.”
“没有进行权衡，”扎伊迪说。相反，他补充说，政府已经刺激了投资，“不仅仅是在美国部署太阳能，还有太阳能制造业的发展。”

The debate around the clean-energy trade measures underscores the fine line the Biden administration must walk between promoting its green agenda and sheltering U.S. manufacturing. Two years after incentives in the Inflation Reduction Act set off a race to build clean-energy supply chains in the U.S., companies have announced $114 billion in investments in products such as batteries, solar panels and electric vehicles, according to environmental business group E2.
围绕清洁能源贸易措施的辩论突显了拜登政府必须在推动其绿色议程和庇护美国制造业之间走的一条细线。根据环境商业团体 E2 的数据，通胀减少法案中的激励措施启动后的两年内，公司已宣布在美国建立清洁能源供应链方面投资了 1140 亿美元，涉及电池、太阳能电池板和电动车等产品。

But China still hosts 80% of solar-manufacturing capacity and 75% of battery production, the International Energy Agency estimates, meaning the U.S. will depend on China’s manufacturers for clean-energy supplies for the foreseeable future.
但是国际能源署估计，中国仍然拥有 80%的太阳能制造能力和 75%的电池生产能力，这意味着在可预见的未来，美国将依赖中国制造商提供清洁能源。

“Given the relentless efforts of the Chinese government and Chinese-headquartered companies to dominate solar manufacturing, we have to be equally relentless to ensure that trade enforcement works,” said Timothy Brightbill, a partner at Wiley Rein and chief counsel on the antidumping petition.
“考虑到中国政府和总部设在中国的公司不懈努力主导太阳能制造业，我们必须同样不懈地确保贸易执法的有效性，” Wiley Rein 合伙人、反倾销请愿书的首席法律顾问蒂莫西·布莱特比尔表示。

In solar, that reliance has been heightened by a halving of panel prices during the past year as Chinese manufacturers and their operations in Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia pumped out supply, Brightbill said. Imports soared and inventory piled up in the U.S., he added. 
在太阳能领域，随着中国制造商及其在马来西亚、泰国、越南和柬埔寨的生产活动推出供应，太阳能电池板价格在过去一年中下降了一半，这种依赖性已经加剧，Brightbill 表示。他补充说，进口激增，美国的库存积压。

Solar-panel maker Qcells, a unit of South Korean conglomerate Hanwha, is spending billions of dollars to expand in Georgia. Yet Hal Connolly, vice president of public policy and government relations at Qcells, said last month that customers are opting to buy imported panels that are priced below what it would cost to make them in the U.S. The company and its peers are “losing millions of dollars per month,” he said at an International Trade Commission hearing on the antidumping petition.
太阳能电池板制造商 Qcells，韩国韩华集团的子公司，正在花费数十亿美元扩张在乔治亚州。然而，Qcells 公共政策和政府关系副总裁 Hal Connolly 上个月表示，客户选择购买价格低于在美国制造成本的进口电池板。他在国际贸易委员会关于反倾销请愿的听证会上表示，公司及其同行每月“损失数百万美元”。

Qcells is one of the companies backing the petition, which claims that manufacturers in the four Southeast Asian countries are benefiting from unfair subsidies and dumping solar panels and cells, a critical part.
Qcells 是支持请愿书的公司之一，该公司声称，东南亚四个国家的制造商从不公平补贴和倾销太阳能电池板和电池中受益，这是一个关键部分。

Not everyone agrees. Lured by government incentives, Canadian Solar completed a $270 million panel-making factory in Texas last year. The company, which is based near Toronto and makes most of its products in China, is also setting up an $800 million plant in Indiana to produce solar cells.
并非所有人都同意。受政府激励措施吸引，加拿大太阳能去年在德克萨斯州建成了一座价值 2.7 亿美元的面板制造工厂。这家总部位于多伦多附近、大部分产品在中国生产的公司，还在印第安纳州建立了一座价值 8 亿美元的工厂，用于生产太阳能电池。

The Indiana plant is expected to be ready in 18 months. Until then, Canadian Solar plans to import panel components from its factory in Thailand, which could be affected by new tariffs. “Carrots work, sticks don’t” when trying to encourage the growth of renewable-energy industries, said Thomas Koerner, the company’s head of global sales.
印第安纳州工厂预计将在 18 个月内投入使用。在那之前，加拿大太阳能计划从其位于泰国的工厂进口面板组件，这可能会受到新关税的影响。该公司全球销售主管托马斯·科尔纳表示，在试图促进可再生能源产业增长时，“胡萝卜有效，棍棒无效”。

The U.S. isn’t making solar cells yet, and won’t be making enough to satisfy domestic demand for the next decade at least, according to green-energy lobby American Clean Power.
根据绿色能源游说团体美国清洁能源的说法，美国目前尚未开始生产太阳能电池，并且至少在未来十年内无法生产足够以满足国内需求。

Jim Murphy, president of Chicago-based energy company Invenergy, said the restrictions could slow renewable-energy projects. The petition is leading Invenergy, which has billions of dollars of renewable-energy generation projects in its pipeline, to review all its panel-import and project-sales contracts to see what the effects will be, Murphy said. 
芝加哥能源公司 Invenergy 总裁吉姆·墨菲表示，这些限制可能会减缓可再生能源项目的进展。墨菲表示，这一请愿正在促使 Invenergy 审查其所有面板进口和项目销售合同，以了解影响。Invenergy 在其管道中拥有数十亿美元的可再生能源发电项目。

The uncertainty from the antidumping petition and other trade actions “just slows down projects and…puts developers in a tough position with their customers,” he said. “And it does not help with achieving the deployment objectives that any of the individual companies or the industry writ large—and I think the Biden administration—have here.”
反倾销诉讼和其他贸易行动带来的不确定性“只是减缓了项目的进展...使开发商与客户陷入困境，”他说。“这并不能帮助实现任何个别公司或整个行业的部署目标，我认为拜登政府在这方面也是如此。”

Write to Phred Dvorak at phred.dvorak@wsj.com
请写信给 Phred Dvorak，邮箱地址为 phred.dvorak@wsj.com。

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